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AFSC Research Biological Opinion ECO AKRO-2017-00028

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AFSC Research Biological Opinion ECO AKRO-2017-00028 Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion Alaska Fisheries Science Center Surveys in the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands, and Chukchi Sea/Beaufort Sea Research Areas, 2019-2022 and the International Pacific Halibut Commission Surveys in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, 2019- 2022 Environmental Consultation Organizer (ECO) Number: AKRO-2017-00028 Action Agencies: National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Permits and Conservation Division (PR1) National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) Summary Table 1. Affected Species and Determinations Is Action Is Action Likely To Likely to Is Action Destroy Adversely Likely To or ESA-Listed Species Status Affect Jeopardize Adversely Species or the Modify Critical Species? Critical Habitat? Habitat? Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Endangered Yes No N/A Eastern North Pacific Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) Endangered Yes No N/A Eastern North Pacific Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) Endangered Yes No No Cook Inlet DPS Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Endangered Yes No N/A Northeast Pacific Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Endangered Yes No N/A Western North Pacific DPS Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Threatened Yes No N/A Mexico DPS Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) Endangered Yes No N/A North Pacific Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) Endangered Yes No N/A Western Arctic North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) Endangered Yes No No Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) Threatened Yes No N/A Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) Threatened Yes No N/A Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Endangered Yes No No Western DPS AFSC Research Biological Opinion ECO AKRO-2017-00028 Is Action Is Action Likely To Likely to Is Action Destroy Adversely Likely To or ESA-Listed Species Status Affect Jeopardize Adversely Species or the Modify Critical Species? Critical Habitat? Habitat? Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) Threatened Yes No No Southern DPS Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Lower Columbia River Threatened Yes No No Upper Columbia River Spring Yes No No Puget Sound Threatened Yes No No Snake River Fall Threatened Yes No No Snake River Spring/Summer Threatened Yes No No Upper Willamette River Threatened Yes No No Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Threatened Yes No No Hood Canal summer-run Columbia River Threatened Yes No No Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Threatened Yes No No Lower Columbia River Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Lake Ozette Threatened Yes No No Snake River Endangered Yes No No Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) Endangered No No N/A Western North Pacific Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) Threatened No No N/A Central N. Pacific DPS and East Pacific DPS Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) Endangered No No N/A North Pacific Ocean DPS Olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) Threatened No No N/A Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Endangered No No No Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Lower Columbia River DPS Threatened No No No Middle Columbia River DPS Threatened No No No Snake River Basin DPS Threatened No No No Upper Columbia River DPS Threatened No No No Upper Willamette River DPS Threatened No No No Puget Sound DPS Threatened No No No Consultation Conducted By: National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Region Issued By: _____________________ James W. Balsiger, Ph.D. Regional Administrator Date: ____April 5, 2019_______ 2 AFSC Research Biological Opinion ECO AKRO-2017-00028 ACCESSIBILITY OF THIS DOCUMENT Every effort has been made to make this document accessible to individuals of all abilities and compliant with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. The complexity of this document may make access difficult for some. If you encounter information that you cannot access or use, please email us at [email protected] or call us at 907-586-7228 so that we may assist you. 3 AFSC Research Biological Opinion ECO AKRO-2017-00028 Table of Contents Accessibility of this Document ....................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables 8 List of Figures 13 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 18 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 19 1.1 Consultation History ............................................................................................. 20 2. Description of the Proposed Action and Action Area .......................................... 21 2.1 Proposed Action .................................................................................................... 21 2.1.1 Current AFSC Research Activities ....................................................................... 22 2.1.2 Proposed Future AFSC Research Activities ......................................................... 39 2.1.3 IPHC Research Activities ..................................................................................... 44 2.1.4 Potential Survey Impacts ...................................................................................... 50 Acoustic Surveys Conducted in the GOARA ....................................................................... 51 Acoustic Surveys Conducted in the BSAIRA ...................................................................... 51 Acoustic Surveys Conducted in the CSBSRA ...................................................................... 52 2.1.5 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 54 2.1.6 Monitoring and reporting requirements ................................................................ 63 2.1.7 Handling Procedures for Incidentally Captured Marine Mammals ...................... 65 2.2 Action Area ........................................................................................................... 66 3. Approach to the Assessment ................................................................................. 69 4. Rangewide Status of the Species and Critical Habitat .......................................... 71 4.1 Species and Critical Habitat Not Likely to Be Adversely Affected ..................... 71 4.1.1 Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus)...................................................................... 73 4.1.2 Sea turtles .............................................................................................................. 76 4.1.3 Steelhead Distinct Population Segments .............................................................. 79 4.2 Status of Listed Species – Marine Mammals ........................................................ 81 4.2.1 Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) ................................................................... 83 4.2.2 Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) ....................................................................... 86 4.2.3 Cook Inlet beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) ................................................ 88 4.2.4 Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) ...................................................................... 96 4.2.5 Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) ....................................................... 99 4.2.6 Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) ............................................................ 107 4 AFSC Research Biological Opinion ECO AKRO-2017-00028 4.2.7 Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) ................................................................ 110 4.2.8 North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) ................................................ 115 4.2.9 Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus nauticus) ..................................................... 120 4.2.10 Ringed seal (Phoca (=Pusa) hispida hispida) .................................................... 124 4.2.11 Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) ................................................................. 128 4.3 Status of Listed Species—Fish ........................................................................... 134 4.3.1 Sturgeon and Salmonid Critical Habitat ............................................................. 138 4.3.2 Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) ............................................................ 139 4.3.3 Lower Columbia River Chinook ......................................................................... 143 4.3.4 Upper Columbia River Spring-run Chinook ....................................................... 148 4.3.5 Puget Sound Chinook ......................................................................................... 153 4.3.6 Snake River Fall-run Chinook ............................................................................ 163 4.3.7 Snake River Spring/Summer-Run Chinook ........................................................ 166 4.3.8 Upper Willamette River Chinook ....................................................................... 171 4.3.9 Hood Canal Summer-run Chum ......................................................................... 176 4.3.10 Columbia River Chum ........................................................................................ 183 4.3.11 Lower Columbia River Coho .............................................................................. 188 4.3.12 Lake Ozette Sockeye........................................................................................... 194 4.3.13 Snake River Sockeye .........................................................................................
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