DOCSLIB.ORG

Title: Ichthyoplankton-Based Indices of Climate and Ecosystem Change

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Title: Ichthyoplankton-Based Indices of Climate and Ecosystem Change FATE Final Report Project Title: Ichthyoplankton-based indices of climate and ecosystem change Principal Investigators: R. Brodeur, R. Emmett, W. Peterson /NMFS/NWFSC and G. Boehlert /HMSC, OSU, Newport OR. Goals: This project directly contributes to FATE’s goal of evaluating the response of marine fish populations to different types of climate forcing by identifying the environmental factors and climatological indices that most influence fluctuations in ichthyoplankton abundances and assemblages, and provides a model to forecast changes in the population structures of fish early life-stages in the northern California Current. In addition, our multivariate model attempts to predict variations in the abundances of ecologically and commercially important adult fish stocks (e.g., northern anchovy, Pacific sardine, Pacific herring, flatfish) based on ichthyoplankton abundances and distributions. We believe that ichthyoplankton abundances and population structures are useful and cost-effective performance indicators of fish stocks, and can provide an early warning of major shifts in the productivity of key fish stocks, as well as providing a tool to monitor current trends in ocean conditions, fish production, and ecosystem dynamics. Approach: Recognizing that ecosystem indicators should be practical, pragmatic, easy to measure and useful to managers, we propose to develop a suite of performance indicators that are capable of addressing the type of impacts relevant to ecosystems. Our long-term goal is to close the time line between detecting changes in the physical environment and detecting changes in ecosystem structure. In the case of the northern California Current, we need to capture seasonal, interannual, and decadal variations in physical and biological ocean conditions that relate to fish recruitment variability. We include a focus on those zooplankton species that are the chief prey items of fishes with the hypothesis that reduced abundances of prey in any given year (caused by physical oceanographic variability such as reduced upwelling, anomalous transport or El Niño events) may lead to reduced recruitment of some fishes. Work Completed: We have completed our analysis of historical zooplankton samples for ichthyoplankton composition with respect to 4 major projects. For the first project, plankton collections were examined from two stations off the mouth of the Columbia River sampled up to 10 times per year from 1999 to 2004, providing ample data to test relationships between environmental indices and the distribution and abundance of eggs and larvae with time. A total of 3,565 larval and juvenile fishes and 155,302 fish eggs were collected. At least 34 taxa were collected representing 17 families, with the family Pleuronectidae having the greatest number of taxa (9). The northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, had the highest densities of eggs and larvae and accounted for 76% of all ichthyoplankton. The peak of anchovy egg abundance varied interannually and occurred in June of 1999, 2001, 2002, July of 2000, and in May of 2003 and 2004. Variations in peak spawning correlated with temperature and outflow regimes from the Columbia River. A poster from this work entitled “Seasonal and Interannual Variation in Ichthyoplankton Collected off the Mouth of the Columbia River “ was presented at the 2005 CalCOFI meeting in La Jolla and a manuscript (Parnel et al. MS) is presently undergoing internal review for eventual submission to Fishery Bulletin. A second project involves looking at vertical distribution of larvae off the Newport Line. We examined depth-discrete MOCNESS samples that were collected as part of the GLOBEC program to identify the interannual and seasonal variations in ichthyoplankton along the Newport transect. We also examined additional MOCNESS data at a single station taken throughout the diel period to examine diel vertical distribution of the larvae. The 281 samples collected between April and September of the two study years yielded 4944 fish larvae comprising 72 taxa in 30 families. The most abundant taxa collected were: Sebastes spp., Stenobrachius leucopsarus, Engraulis mordax, Lyopsetta exilis, and Tarletonbeania crenularis. Relatively few larvae were found at depths >100 m, while highest larval densities generally occurred from 10-50 m. However, E. mordax larvae were most often found in the upper 10 m of the water column, while L. exilis concentrations were highest from 50-100 m. Larval diversity and concentration were higher offshore (40-72 km) than onshore (8-24 km). With the exception of L. exilis, larval densities were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with salinity (P<0.0001). We presented results from this work at the 2005 Annual PICES meeting in October and the CalCOFI meeting in November, 2005, and have publications coming from this work in Marine Ecology Progress Series (Auth and Brodeur 2006) and Fishery Bulleting (Auth et al. 2007). We also have analyzed egg and larval data from broad NMFS surveys conducted from 1994-98 off Oregon and Washington to assess egg distribution and production of Pacific sardines off our coast as part of a larger study of the importance of this species in the Northern California Current region. Sardines were by far the dominant taxa collected in these surveys, consisting of about 40% of the total. Highest egg densities were observed in June 1996. During all years, eggs were associated with surface temperatures between 14-15°C. Results from this work were presented at CalCOFI and the Trinational Sardine Meeting iin 2006 and appeared as part of a publication in CalCOFI Reports (Emmett et al. 2006). Finally, we examined the abundance patterns of ichthyoplankton from two stations on the Newport line from 80 collections made from 1996-2005 in relation to historical records collected in the 1970s and 1980s. We have documented unusual distributions and occurrences of eggs and larvae compared to the historical record including anomalous spawning of Pacific hake, jack mackerel, and sardines off Oregon and Washington. The ten most dominant taxa comprised approximately 87.3% of the total catch. Density of fish larvae was highest in January to March, whereas diversity peaked from March through May. Both overall diversity and density of larval fishes were relatively constant through the period 1996 to 2003, with a dramatic decrease in these metrics since 2004, especially for winter-spawning (January-May) species. During cool years (1999-2002), the assemblage was dominated by northern or coastal taxa such as sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, sanddabs Citharichthys spp., and smelts Osmeridae, whereas in warm years (1997-98 and 2003-05), southern or offshore taxa such as English sole Parophrys vetulus, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, and rockfishes Sebastes spp. were more important. These changes were related to concurrent shifts in the copepod biomass and composition off Oregon during cold and warm environmental regimes. A paper from this work was presented at the Larval Fish Conference in Lake Placid New York in 2006, CalCOFI Conference in Monterey in 2006, and as a poster at the AIFRB Conference in Seattle in 2007. We will also be presenting a paper at the PICES Annual meeting in Victoria BC this coming October. A manuscript from this work has been submitted to Marine Ecology Progress Series. We are in the process of conducting a detailed statistical analysis of the relationship between larval abundance and large-scale environmental measures. Larval fish abundance and species composition examined along the NH line off the coast of Oregon from 1996-2005 were compared with historical data from the 1970s and 1980s to evaluate decadal, seasonal and annual variability of ichthyoplankton. Our results indicate that the most abundant species from 1996-2005 differ from those of earlier decades. Climate indices, such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Northern Oscillation Index (NOI) and the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) and local environmental factors, such as upwelling, sea surface temperature, and wind stress were related to observed changes in ichthyoplankton abundance and structure using a Generalized Additive Modeling approach with appropriate lag periods for the various environmental variables. We found that the large scale climate indices such as the PDO and MEI explained more of the variance in overall larval fish abundance and diversity as well as that of the dominant species than the more local factors. Continued comparative analysis of this data will help clarify whether ichthyoplankton from a single transect can serve as an indicator for changes in adult fish stocks in the northern California Current. A manuscript is presently in preparation from this work (Auth et al. MS). Applications: We have provided our entire ichthyoplankton database to the NWFSC FRAM Division who do the stock assessments on all groundfish stocks along the west coast. We have also provided information on larval sardines at the Trinational Sardine Conference the last few years which has helped in the assessment of this species. Our documentation of a major northward shift in the spawning area of Pacific hake will assist managers of this species in their assessment of the recruitment and distribution of adult stocks, We are now working with a visiting scientist, Dr. Gordon Kruse, who is developing an integrated recruitment simulation model for English sole that will incorporate our density and size measurements for this species. We also provided ichthyoplankton data to Randy Clark who is putting together a biogeographical atlas of the distributions of select taxa along the west coast. Publications: Auth, T. D. (MS) Distribution and community structure of ichthyoplankton from the northern and central California Current in May 2004-2006. To be submitted to Fish. Oceanogr. Auth, T.D. and R.D. Brodeur. 2006. Distribution and community structure of ichthyoplankton off the Oregon Coast in 2000 and 2002. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 319:199-213. Auth, T.D., R.D. Brodeur, and K.M. Fisher. 2007. Diel vertical distribution of an offshore ichthyoplankton community off the Oregon coast. Fish. Bull. 105:313-326. Auth, T.D., R.D. Brodeur, H.L.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pacific Fisheries
    module 5 PACIFIC FISHERIES 80 MODULE 5 PACIFIC FISHERIES 5.0 FISHERIES IN THE PACIFIC Fish and fishing are culturally and economically critical for most PICTs and are a mainstay of food security in the region. The importance of the fisheries sector to the region’s economy and food security is reflected by its reference in key regional strategies including The Pacific Plan and the Vava’u Declaration on Pacific Fisheries Resources. (See TOOLS 51 & 52.) In the Pacific, a great variety of marine organisms are consumed. In Fiji, for example, over 100 species of finfish and 50 species of invertebrates are officially included in the fish market statistics, and many more species are believed to contribute to the diets of people in rural and urban areas of the Pacific. Fish5 contributes substantially to subsistence and market-based economies and, for some of the smaller PICTs, fishing is their most important renewable resource. Despite growing reliance on imported food products, subsistence fishing still provides the majority of dietary animal protein in the region, and annual per capita consumption of fish ranges from an estimated 13 kg in Papua New Guinea to more than 110 kg in Tuvalu (Table 5.1). According to forecasts of the fish that will be required in 2030 to meet recommended per capita fish consumption in PICTs (34-37 kg/year), or to maintain current consumption levels, coastal fisheries will be able to meet 2030 demand in only 6 of 22 PICTs. Supply is likely to be either marginal or insufficient in the remaining 16 countries, which include the region’s most populous nations of Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Samoa and Vanuatu, as shown in Table 5.1.
    [Show full text]
  • J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK (1958) 37, 7°5-752
    J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. (1958) 37, 7°5-752 Printed in Great Britain OBSERVATIONS ON LUMINESCENCE IN PELAGIC ANIMALS By J. A. C. NICOL The Plymouth Laboratory (Plate I and Text-figs. 1-19) Luminescence is very common among marine animals, and many species possess highly developed photophores or light-emitting organs. It is probable, therefore, that luminescence plays an important part in the economy of their lives. A few determinations of the spectral composition and intensity of light emitted by marine animals are available (Coblentz & Hughes, 1926; Eymers & van Schouwenburg, 1937; Clarke & Backus, 1956; Kampa & Boden, 1957; Nicol, 1957b, c, 1958a, b). More data of this kind are desirable in order to estimate the visual efficiency of luminescence, distances at which luminescence can be perceived, the contribution it makes to general back• ground illumination, etc. With such information it should be possible to discuss. more profitably such biological problems as the role of luminescence in intraspecific signalling, sex recognition, swarming, and attraction or re• pulsion between species. As a contribution to this field I have measured the intensities of light emitted by some pelagic species of animals. Most of the work to be described in this paper was carried out during cruises of R. V. 'Sarsia' and RRS. 'Discovery II' (Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom and National Institute of Oceanography, respectively). Collections were made at various stations in the East Atlantic between 30° N. and 48° N. The apparatus for measuring light intensities was calibrated ashore at the Plymouth Laboratory; measurements of animal light were made at sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Demersal Fish Fauna in a Baltic Archipelago As Estimated by SCUBA Census
    MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 23: 3143, 1985 Published April 25 Mar. Ecol. hog. Ser. 1 l Spatial and temporal distribution of the demersal fish fauna in a Baltic archipelago as estimated by SCUBA census B.-0. Jansson, G. Aneer & S. Nellbring Asko Laboratory, Institute of Marine Ecology, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT: A quantitative investigation of the demersal fish fauna of a 160 km2 archipelago area in the northern Baltic proper was carried out by SCUBA census technique. Thirty-four stations covering seaweed areas, shallow soft bottoms with seagrass and pond weeds, and deeper, naked soft bottoms down to a depth of 21 m were visited at all seasons. The results are compared with those obtained by traditional gill-net fishing. The dominating species are the gobiids (particularly Pornatoschistus rninutus) which make up 75 % of the total fish fauna but only 8.4 % of the total biomass. Zoarces viviparus, Cottus gobio and Platichtys flesus are common elements, with P. flesus constituting more than half of the biomass. Low abundance of all species except Z. viviparus is found in March-April, gobies having a maximum in September-October and P. flesus in November. Spatially, P. rninutus shows the widest vertical range being about equally distributed between surface and 20 m depth. C. gobio aggregates in the upper 10 m. The Mytilus bottoms and the deeper soft bottoms are the most populated areas. The former is characterized by Gobius niger, Z. viviparus and Pholis gunnellus which use the shelter offered by the numerous boulders and stones. The latter is totally dominated by P.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Deep-Sea Fisheries Sustainable? a Summary of New Scientific Analysis: Norse, E.A., S
    RESEARCH SERIES AUGUST 2011 High biological vulnerability and economic incentives challenge the viability of deep-sea fisheries. ARE DEEP-SEA FISHERIES SUSTAINABLE? A SUMMARY OF NEW SCIENTIFIC AnaLYSIS: Norse, E.A., S. Brooke, W.W.L. Cheung, M.R. Clark, I. Ekeland, R. Froese, K.M. Gjerde, R.L. Haedrich, S.S. Heppell, T. Morato, L.E. Morgan, D. Pauly, U. R. Sumaila and R. Watson. 2012. Sustainability of Deep-sea Fisheries. Marine Policy 36(2): 307–320. AS COASTAL FISHERIES have declined around the world, fishermen have expanded their operations beyond exclusive economic zones (EEZs) to the high seas beyond EEZs, including the deep sea. Although the deep sea is the largest yet least ecologically productive part of the ocean, seamounts and other habitats can host significant amounts of some deep- sea fish species, especially when they aggregate to breed and feed. Many deep-sea fishes are slow to reproduce, or produce young only sporadically, however, making commercial fisheries unsustainable. Dr. Elliott Norse of the Marine Conservation Institute and a multidisciplinary team of co-authors analyzed data on fishes, fisheries and deep-sea biology and assessed key economic drivers and international laws to determine whether deep-sea commercial fishing could be sustainable. Ultimately, the authors conclude that most deep-sea fisheries are unsustainable, especially on the high seas. This Lenfest Research Series report is a summary of the scientists’ findings. DEEP-SEA FISHERIES As coastal fisheries have declined, fishing in the deep sea has increased. Technological advances have enabled fishing vessels to travel further from shore and locate aggregations of fish in depths that were unreachable years ago (see graphic).
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the First Scotian Shelf Ichthyoplankton Program
    NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR (S) International Commission for a the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Serial No. 5179 ICNAF Res. Doc. 78/VI/21 (D.c.1) ANNUAl MEETING - JUNE 1978 Report on the First Scotian Shelf Ichthyoplanktoll Program (SSIP) Workshop, 29 August to 3 September 1977, St. Andrews, N. B. Sponsored by Department of Fisheries and Environment Marine Fish Division Resource Branch, Maritimes Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 2 Terms of Reference 2 Introduction 4 Oceanographic Regime •••••..••••.•.•.•••••••..••••••.••..•. 4 Overview of Present Approaches ••••••••••••••••••..•••.•••• 6 - Canada 6 - United States of America 13 - Un! ted Kingdom 19 - Federal Republic of Germany......................... 24 Sampling Recommendations 25 Sorting Protocols 26 Planning Sessions 26 Summary and Resolutions ••••••••.•..••...•••.••••...•.•.•.• 27 References 28 List of participants 30 Convener P. F. Lett Rapporteur: J. F. Schweigert C2 - 2 - ABSTRACT The Scotian Shelf ichthyoplankton workshop was organized to draw on expertise from other prevailing programs and to incorporate any new ideas on ichthyoplankton ecology and sampling 8S it might relate to the stock-recruitment problem and fisheries management. Experts from a number of leading fisheries laboratories presented overviews of their ichthyoplankton programs and approaches to fisheries management. The importance of understanding the eJirly life history of most fish species was emphasized and some pre! iminary reBul
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Species and for Eggs and Larvae of Larger Fish
    BATIQUITOS LAGOON FOUNDATION F I S H Fishes of the Lagoon There were only a few species of fish in Batiquitos Lagoon (just five!) BATIQUITOS LAGOON FOUNDATION before it was opened to the ocean and tides at the end of 1996. High temperatures in the summer, low oxygen levels, and wide ranges of ANCHOVY salinity did not allow the ecosystem to flourish. Since the restoration of tidal action to the lagoon, the fish populations have significantly increased in numbers and diversity and more than sixty-five species have been found. Lagoons serve as breeding and nursery areas for a wide array of coastal fish, provide habitat and food for resident species TOPSMELT and serve as feeding areas for seasonal species. Different areas of the lagoon environment provide specific habitat needs. These include tidal creeks, sandy bottoms, emergent vegetation, submergent vegetation, nearshore shallows, open water, saline pools and brackish/freshwater areas. These habitats are defined by water YELLOWFIN GOBY characteristics including salinity, water temperature, water velocity and water depth. The lagoon bottom varies with the type of substrate such as rock, cobble, gravel, sand, clay, mud and silt. Tidal creeks and channels provide refuges for small fish species and for eggs and larvae of larger fish. Species in tidal creeks include ROUND STINGRAY gobies and topsmelt. Sandy bottoms provide important habitat for bottom-dwelling fish species such as rays, sharks and flatfish. The sandy areas provide important refuges for crustaceans, which are prey to many fish species within the lagoon. The burrows of ghost shrimp are utilized by the arrow goby.
    [Show full text]
  • Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program
    NORTH PACIFIC RESEARCH BOARD BERING SEA INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH PROGRAM FINAL REPORT Ichthyoplankton: horizontal, vertical, and temporal distribution of larvae and juveniles of Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, and Arrowtooth Flounder, and transport pathways between nursery areas NPRB BSIERP Project B53 Final Report Janet Duffy-Anderson1, Franz Mueter2, Nicola Hillgruber2, Ann Matarese1, Jeffrey Napp1, Lisa Eisner3, T. Smart4, 5, Elizabeth Siddon2, 1, Lisa De Forest1, Colleen Petrik2, 6 1Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA 2University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801 USA 3Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA 4School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA 5Present affiliation: Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, South Carolina 29422, USA 6Present affiliation: UC Santa Cruz, Institute of Marine Sciences, 110 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA December 2014 1 Table of Contents Page Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Study Chronology ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Fish - HELCOM
    7/10/2019 Coastal fish - HELCOM Home / Acon areas / Monitoring and assessment / Monitoring Manual / Fish, fisheries and shellfish / Coastal fish Monitoring programme: Biodiversity - Fish Programme topic: Fish, shellfish and fisheries SUB-PROGRAMME: COASTAL FISH TABLE OF CONTENTS Regional coordinaon Purpose of monitoring Monitoring concepts Assessment requirements Data providers and access References REGIONAL COORDINATION The monitoring of this sub-programme is: partly coordinated. The sub-programme is coordinated within HELCOM FISH-PRO II to facilitate comparability of data across areas and harmonized assessments. Common monitoring guidelines. Common quality assurance programme: missing but naonal assurances are a common pracce. Common database: under development. PURPOSE OF MONITORING (Q4K) Follow up of progress towards: www.helcom.fi/action-areas/monitoring-and-assessment/monitoring-manual/fish-fisheries-and-shellfish/coastal-fish 1/8 7/10/2019 Coastal fish - HELCOM Balc Sea Acon Plan (BSAP) Segments Biodiversity Ecological objecves Thriving and balanced communies of plants and animals Viable populaons of species Marine strategy framework Descriptors D1 Biodiversity direcve (MSFD) D3 Commercial fish and shellfish D4 Food webs Criteria (Q5a) 1.2 Populaon size 1.6 Habitat condion 3.1 Level of pressure of the fishing acvity 3.2 Reproducve capacity of the stock 3.3 Populan age and size distribuon 4.3 Abundance/distribuon of key trophic groups/species Features (Q5c) Biological features: Informaon on the structure of fish populaons, including the abundance,
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of an Active and a Passive Age-0 Fish Sampling Gear in a Tropical Reservoir
    Comparison of an Active and a Passive Age-0 Fish Sampling Gear in a Tropical Reservoir M. Clint Lloyd, Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690 Mississippi State, MS 39762 J. Wesley Neal, Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690 Mississippi State, MS 39762 Abstract: Age-0 fish sampling is an important tool for predicting recruitment success and year-class strength of cohorts in fish populations. In Puerto Rico, limited research has been conducted on age-0 fish sampling with no studies addressing reservoir systems. In this study, we compared the efficacy of passively-fished light traps and actively-fished push nets for sampling the limnetic age-0 fish community in a tropical reservoir. Diversity of catch between push nets and light traps were similar, although species composition of catches differed between gears (pseudo-F = 32.21, df =1,23, P < 0.001) and among seasons (pseudo-F = 4.29, df = 3,23, P < 0.006). Push-net catches were dominated by threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense), comprising 94.2% of total catch. Conversely, light traps collected primarily channel catfish Ictalurus( punctatus; 76.8%), with threadfin shad comprising only 13.8% of the sample. Light-trap catches had less species diversity and evenness compared to push nets, consequently their efficiency may be limited to presence/ absence of species. These two gears sampled different components of the age-0 fish community and therefore, gear selection should be based on- re search goals, with push nets an ideal gear for threadfin shad age-0 fish sampling, and light traps more appropriate for community sampling.
    [Show full text]
  • Composition of Ichthyoplankton and Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Fish Larvae in the Great Meteor Seamount Area in September 1998
    Not to be cited without prior reference to the author ICES/ASC CM 2002/M12 Theme Session on Oceanography and Ecology of Seamounts – Indications of Unique Ecosystems Composition of ichthyoplankton and horizontal and vertical distribution of fish larvae in the Great Meteor Seamount area in September 1998 by Walter Nellen & Silke Ruseler Inst. of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science Hamburg University Abstract 24 stations above and near the Great Meteor Seamount, central north Atlantic, have been sampled at eight depth strata in late summer 1998 by a modified MOCNESS. Some 18.800 fish larvae were collected and specimens were identified to species and coarser systematic levels, respectively. Taxa typical of the high sea remote from coastal areas dominated the fish larvae assembly. But species which normally are found on the shelf or at the slope occurred as well in the plankton samples, mainly above and fairly close to the 300m deep seamount, obviously keeping away from the oceanic region several thousand meters deep. Eighteen of a total of more than 150 identified fish larvae taxa belonged to the neritic province. One of these species was the third most abundant larvae found so far during this investigation, namely Chlorophthalmus agassizii. Concentration and horizontal and vertical distribution of selected species are discussed as well as migration behaviour in dependence of day and night situation and sea bottom depth. It is considered whether this seamount may be regarded as an isolated, just 1465km² large shallow water area settled permanently by a coastal fish community. The question is treated why this may be so, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Significant Coastal Fish & Wildlife Habitats
    - ---- - - - - - _ ._.- _ . APPENDIX A SIGNIFICANT COASTAL FISH & WILDLIFE HABITATS --_._---- COASTAL FISH & WlLO LIFE HA BITAT RATINGFORM Name of Area: Oa k Orchard Creek . - Desi gnated: October 15. 1987 County: Orleans Town(s): carlton 7*' Quadrangle(s): Kent . NY Score Criterion 25 Ecosystem Rarity (ER ) One of about 5 maj or t r ibutari es of lake Ontar io. in a relatively undi sturbed cond i t ion; rare i n t he Great Lakes Pl ai n ecological region. o Sp ecies Vulnerabi lity (SV) No endangered. threatened or speci al concern spec ies are known to reside in t he area. 16 Human Use (HU) On e of the mos t popu l ar rec reational fi shi ng s i t es on Lake Ontario. attracti ng ang lers from throug hout New York State. 9 Popu Iat ion LeveI (PLl Concentrations of spawning salmo ni ds are amo ng the l argest occuring i n New York's Great Lakes tributarie s; unus ual i n the ecologica l region. 1.2 Replaceabil i ty (R) Ir replaceable SIGNIFICANCE VAL UE - [( ER + SV + HU + PL )X Rl = 60 SIGNIFI CANT COASTAL FISH ANO WILDL IF E HABITATS PROGRAM A PART OF THE NEW YORK COASTAL MANAGEMENTPROGRAM BACKGROUND New York State' s Coastal Management Program (eMP) includes a total of 44 policies whi ch are applicable to development and us e proposals within or affecting the State's coastal area. Any activity that i s subject to review under Federal or State laws, or under applicable local laws contained in an approved local wate rfront revitalization prog ram will be j udged for i t s consistency with these poli cies.
    [Show full text]
  • Diurnal and Tidal Vertical Migration of Pre- Settlement King George Whiting
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 170: 239-248.1998 Published September 3 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diurnal and tidal vertical migration of pre- settlement King George whiting Sillaginodes punctata in relation to feeding and vertical distribution of prey in a temperate bay Gregory P. ~enkins'l*,Dirk C. welsford2,Michael J. ~eough~,Paul A. Hamer1 'Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, PO Box 114, Queenscliff, Victoria 3225, Australia 'Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052. Australia ABSTRACT: Vertically stratified sampling was undertaken for pre-settlement Kng George whiting Sil- laglnodespunctata at 1 site in 1995 and 4 sites in 1996, in Port Phillip Bay, Australia. In 1995, 3 depth strata were sampled: surface, 2.5-3.0 m, and 5.0-5.5 m, in a total water depth of 7 to 8 m. Samphng was conducted on 17 dates and encon~passedall combinations of day and night, and ebb and flood tide. A total of 3, or in one case 4, replicate samples were taken at each depth. On 4 occasions a smaller zoo- plankton net was deployed at the same time as the ichthyoplankton net. Pre-settlement S. punctata showed 'reverse' &urnal vertical migration, with concentration near the surface during the day and dif- fusion through the water column at night. A much weaker tidal migration was also detected, with lar- vae slightly higher in the water column on flood tides. Pre-settlement S. punctata only fed in daylight and zooplankton taxa that were eaten did not show vertical stratification during daytime. In 1996. 4 sites were sampled at a minimum of 10 m depth, and an additional depth stratum, 7.5-8.0 m, was sam- pled.
    [Show full text]