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A History of Salinity in Western Australia Important (And Some Unimportant) Dates by D Bennett and D K Macpherson1

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A History of Salinity in Western Australia Important (And Some Unimportant) Dates by D Bennett and D K Macpherson1 A History of Salinity in Western Australia Important (and some unimportant) Dates By D Bennett and D K Macpherson1 30 March St Allouarn annexes Western Australia in the name of the French 1772 King at Turtle Bay 2 4 Sep Capt Hamelin of the ‘Naturaliste’ sets up an alembic (condenser) at 1802 Pt Peron 3 1817 Capt De Freycinet sets up a condenser at Shark Bay and conducts experiment to show aborigines drank salt water 4 1829 British settlement (Fremantle and Perth) 30 Oct Ensign Dale discovers salt affected country 5 1830 1830 Flood 6 1833 Bunbury remarks on brackish pools in Avon and Williams Rivers 7 1833 Flood 8 1834- Dry Conditions 9 1838 1835 Very dry season 10 April- Sheep goats and bullocks die of poisoning on the road to York11. A June 1835 Factor which contributed to the settlers not clearing the Helena catchment. 1839 Nathaniel Ogle writes “The alternations of salt pools and fresh streams even in the same channel, have puzzled exploring parties, but will hereafter be easily accounted for, and probably the cause made useful, like all the bountiful and various provisions of Providence, to mankind” 12 1840 Flood 13 1844-46 Dry Conditions 14 1 Additional Comments and Dates by Dr Richard George and Dr Bob Nulsen (January 2002). 2 Marchant, L R (1982 ‘France Australe’ Artlook Books, Perth, p64 3 Marchant, L R (1982 ‘France Australe’ Artlook Books, Perth, p180 4 Marchant, L R (1982 ‘France Australe’ Artlook Books, Perth, p216 5 Dale, R ‘Report of Expedition East commencing 25 October 1830’ 6 Burvill, G H (1981) Personal Communications; Cameron, J.M.R. (1978) ‘Learning as a factor in land use: The inevitability of Pastoralism in Early Western Australia’ J. Aust. Studies No. 3: p34 and p40 7 Burvill, G H (1981) Personal Communications 8 Cameron, J.M.R. (1978) ‘Learning as a factor in land use: The inevitability of Pastoralism in Early Western Australia’ J. Aust. Studies No. 3: p34 and p40 9 Cameron, J.M.R. (1978) ‘Learning as a factor in land use: The inevitability of Pastoralism in Early Western Australia’ J. Aust. Studies No. 3: p34 and p40 10 Cameron, J M R (1977). ’10 – Poison plants in Western Australia and colonizer problem solving’ J. Roy Soc. W.A. 59 (3), p71-7, p72 11 Cameron, J M R (1977). ’10 – Poison plants in Western Australia and colonizer problem solving’ J. Roy Soc. W.A. 59 (3), p71-7, p72 12 Ogle, N (1839) ‘The colony of Western Australia. A Manual for Emigrants 1839’. Republished 1977 (John Ferguson: St Ives NSW), p34 13 Cameron, J.M.R. (1978) ‘Learning as a factor in land use: The inevitability of Pastoralism in Early Western Australia’ J. Aust. Studies No. 3: p34 and p40 14 Cameron, J.M.R. (1978) ‘Learning as a factor in land use: The inevitability of Pastoralism in Early Western Australia’ J. Aust. Studies No. 3: p34 and p40 1847 Severe Flood 15 1849 J S Roe (Surveyor-general) predicts a spring at Warkelup “will probably become as brackish as the spring at nearby Kojonup” 16 1849 Flood 17 1862 Exceptional flood in which salt lakes overflow into the Avon 18 8 Oct E H Hargraves (the discoverer of gold at the Ophir in NSW 19 and 1862 contracted by the WA Government, leaves Albany to look for goldfields from Jerramungup to the Big Bend of the Murchison 20 23 Feb E H Hargraves returns to Albany after 2200 miles reporting that 1863 (with the exception of the rivers flowing west from the Darling Range) WA rivers are “beds of salt, pools of brine and brackish water” 21 1871 First artesian borehole sunk in Perth 22 1872 Flood 23 1875 Poor drainage blamed for 137 deaths in Perth. Public concern grows 24 Early Railway (Fremantle to Guildford) opened for traffic 25 1881 18 Jan Railway timetable suspended due to breakdown of two engines in 1882 part because of “the omission to provide in time a supply of proper water” 26 1884 Railway extended to Chidlows Well 27 1885 G Shenton, Mayor of Perth proposes artesian bores 28 1885 First gold discoveries at Yeeda Station, Kimberleys 29 1885 Sanitation Commission presents options for Perths water: (1) wells, (2) lagoons – Mongers Lake, (3) Hills 30 15 Burvill, G H (1981) Personal Communications; Cameron, J.M.R. (1978) ‘Learning as a factor in land use: The inevitability of Pastoralism in Early Western Australia’ J. Aust. Studies No. 3: p34 and p40 16 Bignell, M (1971) ‘First the Sping – A history of the Shire of Kojonup WA’ (University of WA Press: Nedlands) 17 Cameron, J M R (1977). ’10 – Poison plants in Western Australia and colonizer problem solving’ J. Roy Soc. W.A. 59 (3), p71-7, p72 18 Burvill, G H (1981) Personal Communications; Garden, D S (1979) ‘Northam: An Avon Valley History’ (Oxford University Press: Melbourne) 19 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p29 20 “Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics” (1863) 3rd April p3 21 Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics” (1863) 27th March p3 22 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p8 23 Burvill, G H (1981) Personal Communications; Garden, D S (1979) ‘Northam: An Avon Valley History’ (Oxford University Press: Melbourne) 24 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p13; WA Government (1979) ‘Resource 1’. WA Government Printer, Perth. 25 Western Australia (1882) ‘Papers and correspondence relative to the supervision of traffic on the Eastern Railway in January 1882’ (Government Printer: Perth), p3 26 Western Australia (1882) ‘Papers and correspondence relative to the supervision of traffic on the Eastern Railway in January 1882’ (Government Printer: Perth), p4 27 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p29 28 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p27 29 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p30 1885 Railway extended to York 31 1885 E Hardman (Government Geologist) reports on artesian well supply for Perth 32 1885 Railway extended to Beverley 33 1887 Hills Water Proposal by Saunders & Barrett 34 1886 Gold Discovered on the Yilgarn Field 35 21 Oct City of Perth Waterworks Company formed 36 1889 1889 Great Southern Railway built to Albany by a private company 37 1889 City of Perth Waterworks Company decides to build Victoria Dam 38 1890 Commission on Agriculture, WA colony 39 7 Jan Perth Water Supply Reserve (Victoria Reservoir) proclaimed 40 1891 Murchison Goldfield proclaimed 41 3 Oct Victoria Reservoir opened 42 1891 19 Sep Serious goldrush of the Yilgarn begins 43 1892 15 Jun Paddy discovers Hannan gold at Kalgoorlie 44 1893 1894 Railway from Midland Junction to Walkaway opened 45 1894 Sir John Forest decides to build a water pipeline to Goldfields 46 1894 Perth’s highest daily consumption 200,000 gals 1895 Perth’s highest daily consumption 238,000 gals 1895 Typhoid, 566 cases, 70 deaths 47 1895 Water supplies become critical on goldfields 15,000 gals per day delivered by railways from Burlong Pool 48 30 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p28 31 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p29 32 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p28 33 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p29 34 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p29 35 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p29 36 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p31 37 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p29 38 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p31; WA Government (1979) ‘Resource 1’. WA Government Printer, Perth. 39 Burvill, G H (1981) Personal Communications 40 Valenti, J (1981) Personal communications 41 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p33 42 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p34 43 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p33 44 ‘The West Australian’ 11th Feb 1983 p10 45 Ewers, J.K. (1935). ‘The story of the pipeline’ (Carroll’s: Perth), p29 46 Alexander, F, Crowley, F K and Legge, J D (1954) ‘The origins of the Eastern Goldfields Water Scheme in Western Australia (University of WA Press: Nedlands) 47 Hunt, S (1980) ‘Water – the Abiding Challenge’ (Ed. F B Morony) (Metropolitan Water Board: Perth), p34 23 Mar Official opening of railway to Coolgardie 49 1896 3 Sep Sir John Forrest’s goldfields water supply loan bill (£2.5 x 106) is 1896 passed by parliament Oct 1896 Metropolitan Waterworks Board buys City of Perth Water Supply Co. Ltd 50 1896 C Y O’Connor decides to use Helena Catchment for goldfields over 17 alternatives including a site near Greenmount 51 1896 Perth’s highest daily consumption 537,000 gals, “Great Water Famine” commences 52 1896 Typhoid, 663 cases, 89 deaths 53 1896 Hills supply supplemented by artesian bores 54 6 Mar Victoria Reservoir water supply found contaminated 55 1897 May 1897 First instalment of the Coolgardie water supply loan fails in London 56 1897 Typhoid peaks at 1408 cases, 134 deaths 57 1897 W E Wood hears of the relationship land clearing and stream salinity in Northam-Toodyay district 58 1897 Railway built to Kalgoorlie 59 1897 Drought 60 Apr 1898 Excavations for Mundaring Weir commenced 61 1898 Drought 62 1898 Typhoid, 800 cases, 74 deaths 63 48 Ewers, J.K.
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