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Swan Canning Water Quality Improvement Plan

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Swan Canning Water Quality Improvement Plan SECTION TITLE i GOVERNMENT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Swan Canning Water Quality Improvement Plan DECEMBER 2009 Caring for the Swan Canning Riverpark SWAN CANNING WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PLAN DECEMBER 2009 Swan River Trust Level 1, 20 Terrace Road East Perth WA 6004 PO Box 6740 East Perth WA 6892 Phone: (08) 9278 0900 Fax: (08) 9325 7149 Email: [email protected] Website: www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au Swan River Trust after hours contact number: 0419 192 845 ISBN: 1 921094 16 8 (print) ISBN: 1 921094 17 6 (online) iii Minister’s foreword The Swan and Canning rivers are highly valued by the The Swan Canning Water Quality Improvement Plan Western Australian community. They are a key feature involved close collaboration between a number of of Perth’s recreation, social and cultural landscape, State agencies, Western Australian Local Government regarded as an intergenerational treasure to be Association, Perth Region NRM and Geographe passed on to our children and grandchildren. Catchment Council. The Plan links directly to a number of programs undertaken by the Swan River However, the Swan and Canning rivers and their Trust and other State Government agencies. tributaries are under enormous pressure from the surrounding catchment. The impacts of human An extensive public consultation process has enabled activities, climate and land use change are causing strong community and local government engagement. stress on the rivers. I commend this Plan to you, to drive nutrient reduction The Swan River Trust has developed a number of in the Swan Canning river system during the next programs to address these impacts, including the seven years, and I look to your continued involvement Healthy Rivers Program. The Swan Canning Water in implementing these actions. Quality Improvement Plan also complements the Healthy Rivers Action Plan, focusing on reducing the nutrients entering the rivers from the Swan Canning Catchment. It recognises the valuable role of community in maintaining good water quality throughout the Swan Canning Catchment. Hon Donna Faragher JP MLC MINISTER FOR ENVIRONMENT; YOUTH The Plan has been developed as part of the Coastal Catchments Initiative. This Federal program identifi ed a number of nutrient ‘hot spots’ across the country for improvement during the next seven years. Ten water quality improvement plans have been developed across Australia. iv SWAN CANNING WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PLAN DECEMBER 2009 Executive summary The Australian Government’s Coastal Catchment Key fi ndings Initiative (CCI) aims to improve water quality in coastal catchments throughout Australia. In 2006 the Annually 250 tonnes of nitrogen and 26 tonnes of CCI identifi ed the Swan Canning river system as a phosphorus enter the system. Numerical modelling coastal “hot spot” and provided funding to the Swan was used to quantify nutrient loads by source and River Trust to develop the Swan Canning Water use in the Swan Canning Catchment. Quality Improvement Plan (SCWQIP). Based on predictive modelling the maximum The SCWQIP’s focus is to reduce nitrogen and acceptable load to the Swan and Canning rivers per phosphorus input from catchments into the Swan year is 130 tonnes of total nitrogen (TN) and Canning river system. Other programs of the Swan 14 tonnes of total phosphorus (TP). River Trust, State agencies and catchment councils To meet these objectives the SCWQIP aims to: address nutrient and non-nutrient contaminants throughout the Swan and Avon catchments. • reduce the nitrogen load by 120 tonnes per year (49%); and The Swan and Canning rivers and their tributaries are under enormous pressure from high nutrient • reduce the phosphorus load by 12 tonnes concentrations. These nutrients enter the waterways per year (46%). through human activities such as farming and Other key fi ndings of the SCWQIP, based on fertiliser use in the catchment. High nitrogen and predictive modelling, are as follows. phosphorus loads lead to algal growth, low oxygen levels, fi sh kills and loss of biodiversity. 1. The Avon River contributes a large proportion of the nutrient load (69% TN and 43% TP). While The impact of nutrients is compounded by changes management of the Avon Catchment is outside in estuary hydrology resulting from climate change. the scope of this SCWQIP, the magnitude of Diminished winter rainfall has seen river fl ow decrease the nutrient contribution highlights that it is markedly during recent years, resulting in reduced imperative to reduce this input to improve water fl ushing of nutrients from the river to the ocean. Marine quality in the Swan and Canning rivers. water is moving further up the river system during 2. Of the Swan Canning sub-catchments Ellen summer and autumn resulting in increasingly saline Brook contributes the most nutrients with conditions and prolonged stratifi cation further upstream. 70 tonnes of nitrogen (28% TN) and 10 tonnes The SCWQIP provides a roadmap for reducing of phosphorus (39% TP) per year. nutrient levels using scientifi c modelling and decision 3. The main source of phosphorus in the Swan support tools. It will guide investment during the Canning Catchment is farming activities (33% next seven years, identifying the most cost-effective TP), predominantly beef cattle grazing in the management actions to address the sources of Ellen Book sub-catchment. land-based nitrogen and phosphorus and improve estuarine and coastal water quality. 4. The main source of nitrogen is residential (29%) and recreational (14%) activity in urban sub- The Trust has guided the development of the catchments, in particular fertiliser application on SCWQIP, in partnership with the Australian grassed areas and gardens. It is also the second Government, State agencies (Department of Water, highest source of phosphorus (22% and 12% TP). Department of Planning, Department of Agriculture 5. Flow from coastal sub-catchments including Ellen and Food WA, Department of Environment and Brook has been equivalent to the Avon River in Conservation), Water Corporation, Western Australian recent years. Urban sub-catchments are the main Local Government Association and Perth Region source of nutrients in summer when agricultural NRM. The SCWQIP provides a whole of government catchments are not fl owing. and community commitment to reducing nutrient levels in the Swan Canning Catchment. v 6. Septic tanks contribute signifi cant amounts of Management measures (not prioritised) focus on: nitrogen (18% TN) and phosphorus (8% TP) to 1. using water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in the Swan Canning river system. This percentage new developments; is even higher in some sub-catchments. 2. fertiliser effi ciency in the management of urban 7. Increased urbanisation will increase nutrient loads recreational areas; by 18% TN and 25% TP, due to increased runoff. 3. using slow-release, low water-soluble phosphate 8. The effects of climate change, modelled over fertilisers in rural areas; a 10-year period on the highest CO2 output, reduces nutrient load by 15% TN and 31% TP. 4. education in fertiliser effi ciency in urban and rural areas; Modelled on the lowest CO2 output, the effects of climate change will reduce phosphorus load 5. the use of soil amendments for soils with low by 5% and the nitrogen load by 3%. phosphorus retention; 6. engineering modifi cations to intercept nutrients; Sub-catchment assessment 7. sub-catchment nutrient management, for The SCWQIP assessed 30 sub-catchments of the example local water quality improvement plans; Swan Canning Catchment, and categorised them 8. nutrient point sources, primarily septic tanks; into three levels: 9. no net increase in nutrient loads from sub- • unacceptable water quality; catchments from increased urbanisation or climate • water quality to be maintained and improved; and change; • good water quality to be protected. 10. optimising environmental fl ows; and This provides land managers with practical goals 11. protecting and maintaining sub-catchments that for nutrient reduction. The following figures currently have good water quality. demonstrate these categories, which reflect the total nitrogen and phosphorus coming from each SCWQIP delivery sub-catchment. It is very important to protect the sub-catchments with good water quality as they The following steps are recommended to implement help maintain the overall water quality of the the SCWQIP: system. • develop costings for recommended nutrient reduction best management practices; Management recommendations • engage the identifi ed responsible organisations and The SCWQIP identifi es 13 management partners for joint delivery of management actions; recommendations to reduce nutrients in the Swan • link to existing programs and strategies to Canning river system. These can be applied on local, achieve SCWQIP Trust and other partner sub-catchment and catchment levels. outcomes; and The SCWQIP uses a “treatment train” approach, • identify other suitable vehicles and initiatives where management actions are combined to achieve to deliver the SCWQIP through the key water quality goals. A treatment train combines actions stakeholders. along nutrient pathways from their source. Predictive modelling of a range of management scenarios in The SCWQIP provides a practical and scientifi cally- the Swan Canning Catchment indicates that while based set of initiatives that, if applied, can achieve no single management action will achieve nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in the Swan reduction targets, in combination they can be met. Canning river system during the
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