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International Schools Est Bachillerato Internacional Programa del Diploma 2015 International Schools Est. 1892 Spain··· France Ireland Qatar OrbisTertius junior Selección de monografías IB OrbisTertius Sumario junior Revista de Pensamiento de la Institución Educativa SEK 8 FRIDA KAHLO COMO INFLUENCIA EN GABRIEL GARCÍA Número 5 MÁRQUEZ Septiembre 2015 Esta investigación tiene como objeto descubrir qué caracte- rísticas comparten Frida Kahlo y Gabriel García Márquez, PRESIDENTA Nieves Segovia Bonet teniendo en cuenta que García Márquez vivió en la ciudad natal de la artista la mayor parte de su vida. CONSEJO EDITORIAL Directora General de SEK International Schools Directores de SEK International Schools Directora de la Fundación Felipe Segovia 22 TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CHARACTERS’ LONELINESS IN EDITA MRS. DALLOWAY BY VIRGINIA WOOLF? © Fundación Felipe Segovia This essay provides an analytical investigation into the charac- DEPÓSITO LEGAL: M-21220-2008 ters of the novel Mrs. Dalloway. The author analyzes the lone- someness of the main characters of the novel through the nar- IMPRESO EN ESPAÑA POR: Albatros Comunicación, S.L. rative style of stream of consciousness. This novel is considered one of the best works of Virginia Woolf as she goes deep into human psychology and English society at the time describing the difficulties one has to go through to survive in this world. This essay focuses on how Woolf´s narrative technique affects our perception of the characters and their thoughts. 30 DEROGACIÓN DE LA DOCTRINA PAROT: ¿AMENAZA SOCIAL? A partir de debates televisivos, titulares, noticias de prensa, revistas de derecho penal y criminología e instrumentos jurídicos tales como la Constitución, Pactos Internacionales y la CEDH; se llegó a la idea de que su derogación supuso graves consecuencias sociales, entre las que destaca la vulnerabilidad por parte de las víctimas. Sumario Página 3 40 TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE RECENT MARITIME CONFLICT BETWEEN PERU AND CHILE THE RESULT OF THE TERRITORIAL DISPUTE OVER TACNA AND ARICA CONSIDERING THE MARITIME CONFLICT’S HISTORICAL, POLITICAL,SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAUSES? This essay will try to answer the question, evaluating four of the main causes involved in the maritime dispute. These are the historical, political, social and economic causes. As well, a possible cause - consequence relation with the territorial conflict will be established. 50 ARQUITECTURA DEL FUTURO. ¿EN QUÉ MEDIDA SON COMPATIBLES LA SOSTENIBILIDAD ECOLÓGICA Y LA BELLEZA EN LA ARQUITECTURA? Hoy en día, y de cara a un futuro mejor, la arquitectura está evolucionando a pasos de gigante en busca de la sostenibilidad ecológica y la minimización del impacto de los edificios en el medio ambiente. Todo esto sin olvidar, evidentemente, la meta artística, es decir, la belleza arquitectónica. Dicho esto, podría definirse el objetivo de la arquitectura del futuro como la creación de espacios en los que la sostenibilidad y la belleza serán compatibles y esta concurrencia dependerá, sobre todo, del arquitecto y de su equipo. 64 MODELING THE EMPTYING PERIOD OF AN OUTFLOW CLEPSYDRA (WAT ER CLOCK) This extended essay studies the emptying of an outflow clepsydra, a type of water clocks whose emptying periods (the time it takes the clock to get empty) were taken as a measure of time. In particular, this essay tries to model and evaluate experimentally an equation for estimating the emptying period of a clepsydra with the shape of a truncated cone with an orifice on the centre of its base. The author combines a theoretical and an empirical approach to achieve his objective. Página 4 Sumario Mejores monografías de Bachillerato Internacional OrTj5 78 EULER’S IDENTITY. EXTENDED ESSAY ON MATHEMATICS Complex numbers are those which somehow involve 3-1. Those numbers have no value, meaning that they cannot be expressed either as fractions, or as decimals, not even using approximations. This is the reason why the author wondered how they could be useful and how to operate with them. They are broadly used in many different fields of mathematics and even in other areas, especially in those sciences and engineering with a great mathematical base. 96 ¿EN QUÉ MEDIDA SE PUEDEN CONSIDERAR ARTE LAS ANIMACIONES GRÁFICAS? El arte ha ido unido de la mano a la humanidad desde los inicios de esta, y al igual que ella, ha evolucionado. Como consecuencia, tenemos que nuevas disciplinas se han incluido dentro de él en los últimos siglos. No obstante, como en cualquier cambio siempre hay gente reticente a él, en este caso personas que se oponen a que las nuevas tecnologías sean consideradas arte. En esta monografía se tratará de determinar hasta qué punto son válidos los argumentos de esa sección de la población contraria a la consideración de nuevos medios tecnológicos tales como los videojuegos como arte. OrTj5 Mejores monografías de Bachillerato Internacional Sumario Página 5 Editorial El lector tiene delante una nueva edición de Orbis Tertius Junior, una revista que es fiel reflejo del extraordinario y riguroso trabajo de investigación que desarrollan nuestros alumnos en el marco del Programa de Diploma del Bachillerato Internacional (IB). Para la comunidad educativa SEK es una satisfacción presentarles una muestra representativa del esfuerzo, la ilusión y el empeño por aprender que nuestros docentes y estudiantes ponen, cada día, en el aula. Se trata de una selección de las monografías que han obtenido mejor calificación en los exámenes de mayo de 2015. Son trabajos originales realizados por los alumnos de último año de bachillerato. Las monografías, cumpliendo los requerimientos que establece del Programa de Diploma, son trabajos de investigación realizados por los alumnos, con elección en el tema y con el imperativo de no superar las 4.000 palabras. El objetivo –de acuerdo con las directrices del IB– es “fomentar el desarrollo de habilida- des de nivel superior en materia de investigación, redacción, descubrimiento intelectual y creatividad”. Estos proyectos de investigación representan, en realidad, un auténtico reto para sus autores, jóvenes que cursan el último año de su educación escolar. Elegir una línea de investigación, documentarse, indagar y descubrir constituye en sí mismo un enriquecedor ejercicio intelectual que permite al alumno poner a prueba su constancia, su perspicacia y sus capacidades de organización, de com- prensión crítica y de toma de decisiones. En esta apasionante aventura nuestros alumnos no están solos. Cuentan con el inestimable apoyo de profesores que les orientan en el proceso de aprendizaje, les guían y les aconsejan en su investiga- ción, les alientan a perseguir los objetivos prestablecidos y alientan a encontrar el modo de contrastar las hipótesis planteadas. Quiero felicitar sinceramente a todos los alumnos que pusieron lo mejor de sí en estas monografías y obtuvieron el reconocimiento del IB por la labor desarrollada. Editar esta revista y publicar algunos de los trabajos más valiosos es la mejor manera que encontramos en SEK International Schools de agradecer el afán de superación intelectual que ha guiado a nuestros alumnos y que destila, desde luego, cada una de las páginas de estas monografías. Con iniciativas como la presente, nuestros alumnos aprenden que la paciencia, la cultura del esfuer- zo, la reflexión y la perseverancia son, en la vida, grandes aliados para la consecución de nuestros grandes desafíos e ilusiones. Sintiéndome honrada y orgullosa del trabajo de nuestros alumnos, los invito a leer estas monografías que seguramente les van a sorprender gratamente. Marta Rodger Directora General de SEK International Schools OrTj5 Mejores monografías de Bachillerato Internacional Editorial Página 7 Frida Kahlo como influencia en Gabriel García Márquez Z Maria Schmitz Amich Esta investigación tiene como objeto descubrir qué características comparten Frida Kahlo y Gabriel García Márquez, los cuales son grandes iconos artísticos latinoamericanos procedentes de diferen- tes épocas. Y teniendo en cuenta que García Márquez vivió en la ciudad natal de la artista la mayor parte de su vida. En respuesta a la pregunta de investigación se buscan críticas, pa- sajes en novelas y simbología en la literatura y el arte de ambos iconos, para así establecer una relación entre ellos: entre los idea- les políticos de ambos, la manifestación del patriotismo, similitu- Mejores monografías de Bachillerato Internacional des entre los movimientos artísticos a los que ambos pertenecían, características similares en el detalle que ambos plasman en sus manifestaciones artísticas, también similitudes en la sexualidad, en la representación de la muerte, en la identidad propia y en la estructura por parte de ambos. No obstante, no todas las relaciones mencionadas previamente son desarrolladas de la misma forma por parte de los dos personajes. Se concluye que Frida Kahlo es un icono perfecto que influye en García Márquez, para el cual, ella es una musa e inspiración a la hora de escribir sus novelas. Por otra parte, se observa que García Márquez, desde su llegada a México, desarrolla aun más las carac- terísticas mencionadas previamente. Página 8 Frida Kahlo como influencia en Gabriel García Márquez Mejores monografías de Bachillerato Internacional OrTj5 influencia de Frida en García Márquez, no solo 1. Introducción en una novela, sino a lo largo de su carrera como América del sur es la cuna del Realismo Mágico, escritor desde su llegada a México. y tiene la suerte de llamarse la tierra natal del padre de este movimiento, Gabriel García Már-
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