The Funhouse of God Charles Michael Henley
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Slithering Locomotion
SLITHERING LOCOMOTION DAVID L. HU() AND MICHAEL SHELLEY∗∗ Abstract. Limbless terrestrial animals propel themselves by sliding their bellies along the ground. Although the study of dry solid-solid friction is a classical subject, the mechanisms underlying friction-based limbless propulsion have received little attention. We review and expand upon our previous work on the locomotion of snakes, who are expert sliders. We show that snakes use two principal mechanisms to slither on flat surfaces. First, their bellies are covered with scales that catch upon ground asperities, providing frictional anisotropy. Second, they are able to lift parts of their body slightly off the ground when moving. This reduces undesired frictional drag and applies greater pressure to the parts of the belly that are pushing the snake forwards. We review a theoretical framework that may be adapted by future investigators to understand other kinds of limbless locomotion. Key words. Snakes, friction, locomotion AMS(MOS) subject classifications. Primary 76Zxx 1. Introduction. Animal locomotion is as diverse as animal form. Swimming, flying and walking have received much attention [1, 9]withthe latter being the most commonly studied means for moving on land (Fig. 1). Comparatively little attention has been paid to limbless locomotion on land, which necessarily relies upon sliding. Sliding is physically distinct from pushing against a fluid and understanding it as a form of locomotion presents new challenges, as we present in this review. Terrestrial limbless animals are rare. Those that are multicellular include worms, snails and snakes, and account for less than 2% of the 1.8 million named species (Fig. -
The Mechanics of Slithering Locomotion
The mechanics of slithering locomotion David L. Hua,b,1, Jasmine Nirodya, Terri Scotta, and Michael J. Shelleya aApplied Mathematics Laboratory, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10003; and bDepartments of Mechanical Engineering and Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Edited by Charles S. Peskin, New York University, New York, NY, and approved April 22, 2009 (received for review December 12, 2008) In this experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the the sum of frictional forces per unit length, ffric, and internal slithering of snakes on flat surfaces. Previous studies of slithering forces, fint, generated by the snakes. That is, have rested on the assumption that snakes slither by pushing laterally against rocks and branches. In this study, we develop a X¨ ϭ ffric ϩ fint , [1] theoretical model for slithering locomotion by observing snake ¨ motion kinematics and experimentally measuring the friction co- where X is the acceleration at each point along the snake’s body. efficients of snakeskin. Our predictions of body speed show good To avoid complex issues of muscle and tissue modeling, fint is agreement with observations, demonstrating that snake propul- determined to be that necessary for the model snake to produce sion on flat ground, and possibly in general, relies critically on the the observed shape kinematics. We use a sliding friction law in k frictional anisotropy of their scales. We have also highlighted the which the friction force per unit length is f ϭϪkguˆ, where importance of weight distribution in lateral undulation, previously is the sliding friction coefficient, uˆ ϭ u/u is the velocity difficult to visualize and hence assumed uniform. -
HINDUSTAN UNILEVER Royalty Spoils the Show
RESULT UPDATE HINDUSTAN UNILEVER Royalty spoils the show India Equity Research| Consumer Goods Hindustan Unilever’s (HUL) Q3FY13 sales and PAT were in line with our EDELWEISS 4D RATINGS estimates. Key positives include: (1) revival in beverages portfolio led by Absolute Rating REDUCE tea, which gained share due to innovations and inflationary scenario; (2) Rating Relative to Sector Underperformer second quarter of recovery in oral care; and (3) recovery in personal Risk Rating Relative to Sector Low products (PP) margins and CSD sales. Key negatives were: (1) dip in Sector Relative to Market Underweight soaps & detergents (S&D) EBIT margin due to step up in A&P (due to new launch of Lifebuoy and GCPL’s Cinthol relaunch); (2) moderation in MARKET DATA (R: HLL.BO, B: HUVR IN) volume growth to 5% YoY (on base of 9.1% YoY) due to slowdown in CMP : INR 481 discretionary segment of personal care and foods; and (3) increase in Target Price : INR 458 royalty from current 1.4% to 3.15% by March 2018 (lower than 52-week range (INR) : 572 / 369 Indonesia’s increase from 3.5% to 8.0%). The increase in royalty and tax Share in issue (mn) : 2,162.0 implies that HUL will post earnings CAGR of ~9.8% in FY13-15E versus M cap (INR bn/USD mn) : 1,040 / 19,323 ~24.9% in FY11-13E. With the stock trading at 29.4x FY14E P/E, we Avg. Daily Vol.BSE/NSE(‘000) : 2,388.7 downgrade to ‘REDUCE’ from ‘HOLD’. SHARE HOLDING PATTER N (%) Royalty hike takes the sheen away Current Q2FY13 Q1FY13 HUL has hiked royalty payments to its parent Unilever from February 2013 from 1.4% of Promoters * 52.5 52.5 52.5 turnover to 3.15% in a phased manner till 2018. -
1 Bk41512 Prima Vanilla Swiss Roll 225Gr 225Gr 2 Bp21456 Anchor Pedia Pro 2-5Yrs 350Gr 3 Bp21452 Anchor Pedia Pro 1-2 Year 350Gr
No Code Description Pack Size 1 BK41512 PRIMA VANILLA SWISS ROLL 225GR 225GR 2 BP21456 ANCHOR PEDIA PRO 2-5YRS 350GR 3 BP21452 ANCHOR PEDIA PRO 1-2 YEAR 350GR 4 BPE0146 COW & GATE STEP UP VALUE PACK 350GR 5 BP10501 FARLEY`S RUSKS ORIGINAL 150GR 150GR 6 BP12602 GOLDEN COW RUSK ORIGINAL 110GR 7 BP50796 B.CHERAMY LAUNDRY WASH PO 400GR 400GR 8 BP51058 J&J BABY CREAM WHITE 100GR 9 BP50774 B.CHERAMY DIAPERS (L) 12S 10 BPE0125 KHOMBA B.SOAP 5IN1 PACK VENIVEL 1EACH 11 BP50777 B.CHERAMY DIAPERS (M) 12S 12 BP50727 B.CHERAMY BABY OIL 100ML 100ML 13 BP50773 B.CHERAMY DIAPERS (S) 12S 14 BP59222 KHOMBA BABY SOAP VENIVEL 90GR 90GR 15 BPE0103 REBECAA LEE NAPPY WASH POWDER 400GR 16 BPE0137 REBECAA LEE BABY CREAM FLORAL 100ML 17 BV42262 WATAWALA TEA 400GR 400GR 18 BV91207 PEPSI 1.5LT 1.5LT 19 BV40562 BROOKE BOND LAOJEE TEA 200GR 200GR 20 BVE0234 ARIYA F/C MILK POWDER BOX 400GR 21 BVE0235 ARIYA F/C MILK POWDER POUCH 1KG 22 BV42221 ZESTA TEA FOIL POUCH 200GR 200GR 23 BV02101 ANLENE MILK POWDER 400GR 400GR 24 BV73116 KIST MIXED FRUIT NECTAR 1LT 25 BV40461 MALIBAN TEA 200GR 200GR 26 BV93152 ELEPHANT GINGER BEER 1.5LT 27 BV50902 NESCAFE CLASSIC BOTTLE 100GR 100GR 28 BVE0194 KIST KIZZ SPARK ST.BERRY DRINK 215ML 29 BV93154 ELEPHANT ORANGE CRUSH 1.5LT 1.5LT 30 BVE0191 KIST KIZZ SPARK APPLE DRINK 215ML 31 BV61107 SUNQUICK ORANGE 840ML 840ML 32 BVE0249 KOTMALE MILK WITH OATS RTD 180ML 33 BV42246 ZESTA GREEN TEA BAG 25S 50GR 34 BVE0192 KIST KIZZ SPARK ORANGE DRINK 215ML 35 BV76521 FONTANA APPLE JUICE 1LT 36 BV43498 DILMAH PREMIUM TEA 400GR 400GR 37 BV91308 MIRINDA -
Precedent Internet/Text Message Entry Prize Draw Terms and Conditions
CONTEST TERMS & CONDITIONS 1. These Terms 1.1. These Contest Terms & Conditions (which include the Contest Details) set out the basis for participating in the Contest identified below. 1.2. By entering or participating in the Contest you agree to these Contest Terms & Conditions. 1.3. A Privacy Notice attached to or otherwise provided in connection with these Contest Terms & Conditions should be regarded as part of these Contest terms. 1.4. The Organiser reserves the right to amend these Contest Terms & Conditions at any time without prior notice. 2. Contest Details Organiser Unilever entity: Unilever (Malaysia) Holdings Sdn. Bhd. Registered/Primary address: Level 34, Menara TM, Jalan Pantai Baru, 59200 Kuala Lumpur; Contest and Make Home a Better Place Contest with Econsave Prizes Participating brands: All Unilever participating brands products (AXE, Brylcreem, Breeze, Cif, Comfort, Clear, Dove, Glow & Lovely, Knorr, Lady’s Choice, Lifebuoy, Lipton, Lux, Rexona, Sunsilk, Sunlight, Tresemme, Vaseline) The entrants are required to: 1. Purchase RM 30 worth of Unilever products in a single receipt. 2. Take picture of the receipt and WhatsApp to 6017-8870162 3. Selected participant will stand a chance to win: Nintendo Switch: 4 winners Tineco A11 Vacuum Cleaner: 2 winners Toshiba Fridge: 4 winners (limited to Klang Valley only due to delivery reason) Ipad 10.2 inch: 3 winners Philips 50inch TV: 4 winners Econsave RM 200 Voucher: 10 winners Selecting 1. All entries received will be allocated a serial number based on Winner(s) the following proof of purchase matrix: a. Every incremental of RM30 (of purchase of the participating products) will be given one (1) serial number. -
The Narrative Functions of Television Dreams by Cynthia A. Burkhead A
Dancing Dwarfs and Talking Fish: The Narrative Functions of Television Dreams By Cynthia A. Burkhead A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Ph.D. Department of English Middle Tennessee State University December, 2010 UMI Number: 3459290 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3459290 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DANCING DWARFS AND TALKING FISH: THE NARRATIVE FUNCTIONS OF TELEVISION DREAMS CYNTHIA BURKHEAD Approved: jr^QL^^lAo Qjrg/XA ^ Dr. David Lavery, Committee Chair c^&^^Ce~y Dr. Linda Badley, Reader A>& l-Lr 7i Dr./ Jill Hague, Rea J <7VM Dr. Tom Strawman, Chair, English Department Dr. Michael D. Allen, Dean, College of Graduate Studies DEDICATION First and foremost, I dedicate this work to my husband, John Burkhead, who lovingly carved for me the space and time that made this dissertation possible and then protected that space and time as fiercely as if it were his own. I dedicate this project also to my children, Joshua Scanlan, Daniel Scanlan, Stephen Burkhead, and Juliette Van Hoff, my son-in-law and daughter-in-law, and my grandchildren, Johnathan Burkhead and Olivia Van Hoff, who have all been so impressively patient during this process. -
Professional Certificate in Marketing (Level 4)
Professional Certificate in Marketing (Level 4) 521 – Assessing the Marketing Environment Case Study June 2015 and September 2015 Men’s Toiletries, with a focus on Procter and Gamble © The Chartered Institute of Marketing 2015 Page 2 Assessing the Marketing Environment – Case Study Guidance notes for candidates regarding the prepared analysis The examination is designed to assess knowledge and understanding of the Assessing the Marketing Environment syllabus in the context of the relevant case study. The examiners will be marking candidates’ scripts on the basis of the tasks set. Candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the mark allocation on the examination paper and plan their time accordingly. Candidates should familiarise themselves thoroughly with the case study and be prepared to follow closely the instructions given to them on the examination day. Candidates are advised not to waste valuable time collecting unnecessary data. Case studies are based upon real- life situations and all the information about the chosen organisation is contained within the case study. No useful purpose will be served by contacting companies in the industry and candidates are strictly instructed not to do so, as it may cause unnecessary confusion. As in real life, anomalies may be found in the information provided within this case study. Please state any assumptions, where necessary, when answering tasks. The Chartered Institute of Marketing is not in a position to answer queries on case study data. Candidates are tested on their overall understanding of the case study and its key issues, not on minor details. As part of the preparation for the examination, candidates will need to carry out a detailed analysis of the case study material ahead of the examination. -
Portland-Tribune-030414.Pdf
EDITION GREATER PORTLAND PortlandTribuneTUESDAY, MARCHo 4, r t l a n2014 • dPORTLANDTRIBUNE.COM • PUBLISHED TUESDAY AND THURSDAY This poll takes a deeper look at the values HOW LIBERAL we all hold DHM Research, Pamplin Media nd common ground in Oregonians’ IS PORTLAND? desire for better state By ADAM DAVIS, DHM RESEARCH TRIBUNE FILE PHOTOS: CHRISTOPHER ONSTOTT For The Tribune Members of the Occupy Portland movement took over part of downtown in mid-October 2011, with many dressed in Guy Fawkes masks from the 2005 movie “V for Vendetta.” But that does not mean Portland is at odds with the rest of the region and state on every issue. To the contrary, the poll fi nds a Beginning today, DHM Research lot of common ground among most Oregonians. For example, 94 percent of Portlanders believe taxes are necessary to pay for the common good. A joins Pamplin Media Group to share signifi cant 86 percent in the region and 85 percent in the state agree. with Portland-area residents the re- sults of the 2013 Oregon Values and Beliefs Study. In the weeks and months ahead, you will learn how Oregonians ■ This ain’t ‘Portlandia,’ but it sure feels like it, according to a feel about a variety of issues, ranging from the economy Now is the survey highlighting the Rose City’s very lefty political leanings and the environ- ment to health care moment to and support for the veryone knows Portland is more lib- disadvantaged. give voice eral than the rest of the region and Story by Jim Redden It has been the the state. -
Crystal Reports Activex Designer
Quiz List—Reading Practice Page 1 Printed Wednesday, March 18, 2009 2:36:33PM School: Churchland Academy Elementary School Reading Practice Quizzes Quiz Word Number Lang. Title Author IL ATOS BL Points Count F/NF 9318 EN Ice Is...Whee! Greene, Carol LG 0.3 0.5 59 F 9340 EN Snow Joe Greene, Carol LG 0.3 0.5 59 F 36573 EN Big Egg Coxe, Molly LG 0.4 0.5 99 F 9306 EN Bugs! McKissack, Patricia C. LG 0.4 0.5 69 F 86010 EN Cat Traps Coxe, Molly LG 0.4 0.5 95 F 9329 EN Oh No, Otis! Frankel, Julie LG 0.4 0.5 97 F 9333 EN Pet for Pat, A Snow, Pegeen LG 0.4 0.5 71 F 9334 EN Please, Wind? Greene, Carol LG 0.4 0.5 55 F 9336 EN Rain! Rain! Greene, Carol LG 0.4 0.5 63 F 9338 EN Shine, Sun! Greene, Carol LG 0.4 0.5 66 F 9353 EN Birthday Car, The Hillert, Margaret LG 0.5 0.5 171 F 9305 EN Bonk! Goes the Ball Stevens, Philippa LG 0.5 0.5 100 F 7255 EN Can You Play? Ziefert, Harriet LG 0.5 0.5 144 F 9314 EN Hi, Clouds Greene, Carol LG 0.5 0.5 58 F 9382 EN Little Runaway, The Hillert, Margaret LG 0.5 0.5 196 F 7282 EN Lucky Bear Phillips, Joan LG 0.5 0.5 150 F 31542 EN Mine's the Best Bonsall, Crosby LG 0.5 0.5 106 F 901618 EN Night Watch (SF Edition) Fear, Sharon LG 0.5 0.5 51 F 9349 EN Whisper Is Quiet, A Lunn, Carolyn LG 0.5 0.5 63 NF 74854 EN Cooking with the Cat Worth, Bonnie LG 0.6 0.5 135 F 42150 EN Don't Cut My Hair! Wilhelm, Hans LG 0.6 0.5 74 F 9018 EN Foot Book, The Seuss, Dr. -
Propylene Glycol
PROPYLENE GLYCOL Your patch test result indicates that you have a contact allergy to propylene glycol. This contact allergy may cause your skin to react when it is exposed to this substance although it may take several days for the symptoms to appear. Typical symptoms include redness, swelling, itching, and fluid-filled blisters. Where is propylene glycol found? Propylene glycol is used as a softening agent, preservative, humectants, and solvent in cosmetics, fragrances, topical medications, soaps and cleansers, hair care products, and deodorants. Propylene glycol is also found in oral treatments as well as many foods. It is also added during the manufacture of many industrial fluids, such as solvents, thinners, antifreeze, other de-icing fluids, desiccants, brake fluids, and polyester resins. How can you avoid contact with propylene glycol? Avoid products that list any of the following names in the ingredients: • Propylene glycol • 1,2-Dihydroxypropane • CASRN: 57-55-6 • Methylethyl glycol • 1,2-Propanediol • 2-Hydroxypropanol • Isopropylene glycol What are some products that may contain propylene glycol? Antiperspirants and Deodorants: • Old Spice High Endurance • Meguiars Vinyl/Rubber Cleaner/Condition • Adidas 24 Hour Deodorant Control Antiperspirant & Deodorant • Pennzoil Roadside Fix A Flat Tire Sealant & • Adidas 24 Hour Fragrance Clear Stick • Old Spice High Endurance Deodorant Flat Preventative Deodorant • Old Spice Red Zone Clear Gel • Rain-X De-Icer (Aerosol) • Adidas Action 3 Tech F • Old Spice Red Zone Deodorant Stick • Slime -
Locomotion of Reptiles" Will Be of Interest to a Wide Range of Readers
REVIEW A RTICLES Editorial note. We are trying to introduce a "new look" to the BHS Bulletin, and one of our plans is to commission articles by well-known zoologists summarising recent advances in their area of expertise, as they relate to herpetology. We are particularly pleased that Professor McNeill Alexander of Leeds University agreed to write the first of these. We hope that this masterly summary of "Locomotion of Reptiles" will be of interest to a wide range of readers. Roger Meek and Roger Avery, Co-Editors. Locomotion of Reptiles R. McNEILL ALEXANDER Institute for Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [email protected] ABSTRACT – Reptiles run, crawl, climb, jump, glide and swim. Exceptional species run on the surface of water or “swim” through dry sand. This paper is a short summary of current knowledge of all these modes of reptilian locomotion. Most of the examples refer to lizards or snakes, but chelonians and crocodilians are discussed briefly. Extinct reptiles are omitted. References are given to scientific papers that provide more detailed information. INTRODUCTION the body and the leg joints much straighter, as in his review is an attempt to explain briefly elephants. The bigger an animal is, the harder it Tthe many different modes of locomotion that is for them to support the weight of the body in a reptiles use. Some of the information it gives lizard-like stance. Imagine two reptiles of exactly has been known for many years, but many of the the same shape, one twice as long as the other. -
Alexander 2013 Principles-Of-Animal-Locomotion.Pdf
.................................................... Principles of Animal Locomotion Principles of Animal Locomotion ..................................................... R. McNeill Alexander PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2003 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Second printing, and first paperback printing, 2006 Paperback ISBN-13: 978-0-691-12634-0 Paperback ISBN-10: 0-691-12634-8 The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition of this book as follows Alexander, R. McNeill. Principles of animal locomotion / R. McNeill Alexander. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-691-08678-8 (alk. paper) 1. Animal locomotion. I. Title. QP301.A2963 2002 591.47′9—dc21 2002016904 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Galliard and Bulmer Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ pup.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 1098765432 Contents ............................................................... PREFACE ix Chapter 1. The Best Way to Travel 1 1.1. Fitness 1 1.2. Speed 2 1.3. Acceleration and Maneuverability 2 1.4. Endurance 4 1.5. Economy of Energy 7 1.6. Stability 8 1.7. Compromises 9 1.8. Constraints 9 1.9. Optimization Theory 10 1.10. Gaits 12 Chapter 2. Muscle, the Motor 15 2.1. How Muscles Exert Force 15 2.2. Shortening and Lengthening Muscle 22 2.3. Power Output of Muscles 26 2.4. Pennation Patterns and Moment Arms 28 2.5. Power Consumption 31 2.6. Some Other Types of Muscle 34 Chapter 3.