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Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI* DISPUTED TERRITORIES: INTERSTATE ARBITRATIONS IN THE NORTHEAST PELOPONNESE, CA. 250-150 B.C. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael D. Dixon, M. A. ****** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: Approved bv Professor Jack M. Balcer, Co-Adviser Professor Stephen V. Tracy, Co-Adviser Professor Mark H. Munn Co-Advisei Department of History UMI Number 9971536 Copyright 2000 by Dixon, Michael David All rights reserved. UMI UMI Microform9971536 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright by Michael D. Dixon 2000 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the phenomenon of interstate arbitration in the northeast Peloponnese between the years 250-150 B. C. Following 250 B.C. a number of Peloponnesian city-states joined the recently reformed Achaian League, changing its composition dramatically since none of these new members were ethnically Achaians. Of these new Achaian League members Corinth, Epidauros, Hermion. and Troizen were all at some time involved in territorial disputes with their neighbors. On two separate occassions Epidauros and Troizen each became involved in a dispute with the Ptolemaic colony of Arsinoe (Methana). Our sources for these territorial disputes is almost exclusively epigraphic and it is with the inscriptional evidence that this study begins. The majority of the inscriptions studied here were set up originally in the Asklepieion of Epidauros (IG 1V\ 1.70+59, 71. 72, 74, 75+, and 76+77) while one was found in Hermion {SEG XI 377) and another in Troizen {IG IV 752). Presented first in each chapter is a new edition of each inscription followed by a detailed epigraphical commentary on each stone. .After this a commentary on the date and historical circumstances of each dispute is presented. Finally each chapter ii concludes with a topographical commentary on the disputed territory with conclusions suggested as to what the land was used for and why the land was contested. This examination of interstate arbitration also allows us to make some conclusions concerning the relationships between Achaian League members as well as the relations between the League and the Ptolemies. The argument is made here that Achaian members submitted their disputes for arbitration with the hope of territorial aggrandizement, as well as for the control of land that was more productive than previous scholars have believed. Ptolemaic Arsinoe, on the other hand, enjoyed cordial relations with its Achaian neighbors while the League and the Ptolemies were allied and it was during these times that outstanding disputes were settled by arbitration. Ill To the Memory of my Father IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the course of writing this dissertation I have had the great pleasure of meeting many people who have helped me at all stages of my work. Without their help and the assistnace of many institutions this work would not have been possible. It is a truly rewarding aspect of my work to express my thanks to all of them at this time. All fieldwork and most of the writing was carried out at the American School of Classical Studies where 1 was a Regular Member in 1996-1997 and an Associate Member from 1997-1999. While at the American School 1 had the great fortune of meeting Professor Michael Jameson who first encouraged me to pursue this project. Since our first meeting in 1997 he has continued to share with me his tremendous knowledge of the southern Argolid. 1 was also fortunate that my three years at the School coincided with the three years that Professor Ronald Stroud served as Mellon Professor there. He too helped me in my work at all times, even accompanying me on two occassions to the southeastern Corinthia. Without the help of these two this project could not have been completed. Financial assistance for my work in Greece was provided by The Ohio State University. The American School of Classical Studies and the 1984 Foundation. 1 am grateful to these three institutions for their continued support. While conducting my fieldwork. Ancient Corinth was my home and 1 must thank all there for providing me with such a friendly environment in which to work and live. Charles K. Williams. Director Emeritus, and Guy Sanders, the current Director of the Corinth Excavations always offered their comments and advice while conducting my fieldwork. Nancy Bookidis also answered many questions and offered stimulating suggestions at all stages of my work. 1 would also like to express my graditude to Drs. William Coulson and James Muhly. successive Directors at the American School for allowing me to use the School’s facilities. Maria Pilali assisted with all permits obtained through the American School of Classical Studies and 1 am deeply indebted to her for this. Dr. Robet Bridges always made himself available to offer his advice and thoughts on my work. Thanks are also due to Dr. Nancy Winter and the staff of the Blegen Library at the American School of Classical Studies for use of the library and its excellent resources. Dr. John Morgan was always a willing listener when 1 needed to discuss with someone matters epigraphic or chronological. While at the American School 1 was also fortunate to make the acquaintances of many future colleagues. Not all can be mentioned here, but several stand out. .Among them are Phoebe .Acheson. Victoria Buck. Brendan Burke, Wendy Closterman. John Lee, Yanis Lolos. Benjamin Millis. Gretchen Millis. Richard Neer. Brian Rutishauser. Ruth Siddall . and Karen Stamm. Thanks are also due to the Fourth Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical .Antiquities for granting me permission to study the inscriptions at the Epidaurian Asklepieion and Hermion and to publish the newly discovered material presented here. Dr. Charalambos Kritzas kindly allowed me to study [G IV 752 in the Epigraphical Museum at Athens. Eleni Konsolaki of the Second Ephoreia of vi Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities encouraged me in my work and was always generous of her time during my visits to Poros, Methana. and Troizen. Dr. Yanis Pikoulas was always willing to meet me and answer questions concerning topography and bibliography. The Staff at the Epidauros Museum provided me with a friendly environment in which to work, as well as an elleniko every morning while I was there. Also in Greece 1 would like to express my thanks to everyone 1 met in the kapheneia. in the fields, hills, and on the roads who provided me with directions, local information and philoxenia. I must also acknowledge the continued friendship and support of colleagues and friends at The Ohio State University who helped make the transition back to the United States an easy one: Paul Iversen and Greg Hodges of the Department of Greek and Latin, Craig Hardiman of the Department of Art History, and finally Michalis and Amy Giampouranis. At The Ohio State University I owe thanks to Professor David Hahm who first introduced me to Polybios and the Achaian League in a seminar he offered in 1994- 1995. Professors Nathan Rosenstein and Timothy Gregory of the Department of History have also assisted me in numerous ways throughout the years. Professor Mark Munn of the Pennsylvania State University graciously served as a reader on my committee. Although he became involved in my work at a relatively late stage his advice and comments have been invaluable. Two of my professors at The Ohio State University stand out for the continued support and encouragement they have given me since 1 first began my graduate career. Dr. Jack Balcer who introduced me to the field of Greek history has been a continuous source of inspiration. Finally 1 must thank Professor Stephen Tracy who first introduced me to the study of Greek epigraphy and vii who has supported me in this endeavor for many years. Furthermore, his friendship and advice have helped me through many difficult times. To these two professors my debt is immeasurable. None of the work here, however, could have been undertaken without the years of love and support that my mother and father have given me. Sadly, my father passed away only days after the completion of this dissertation. In his memory I dedicate this work.