board outsidetheStarInn information isonthe Further reserve. now ageologicalnature Itis are intheblueclaybeds. coralsetc Fossils ofseasnails, Bernard LeachathisStIvespottery. toaffixminers'candlesandby harbour, clay was usedforlining(puddling) The moulds forbeamenginesthemines. formakingthe Harvey's foundryinHayle, The sandwas usedby around 1834to1950s. and claybedsthepitswereworked from Madeupofsand geology forsomeyears. discoveries whichhadbeenmadein Tertiary Erth sandpitwas oneofthemostinteresting remarked thatthedepositofclayinSaint ProfessorR W Bell the SaintErthclay-beds, 1886 onthethenrecentdiscoveryofshellsin In apaperreadbeforesocietyofsavants in ST ERTH PITS LOOK FOR ... Whatistheheight oftherivertoday?…………….. ontheriverbanknearGreenLanebridgefor?…………….. What isthegreen “shed” 20. andwhoby?…………….. When was thepump housebuilt…………………………. 19. WhichunusualarchitecturalfeaturedoesStErthchurchhave?…………….. 18. What was Tredrea Lanepreviouslynamed?…………….. 17. marry?…………….. Jane, Who didJohnHarvey’s daughter, 16. Who was thefamous potterwhousedclayfromStErthPits?…………….. 15. What istheCornishforOldBarn?…………….. 14. Whichannualrivereventtakes placeinStErthonGoodFriday? …………….. 13. Howmanybeehivesarethereinthegardenatendof The GreenLane?…………….. 12. Whowas thelastblacksmithinStErth?…………….. 11. Whichbushdoesthesloeberrycomefrom?…………….. 10. When was thepresentMethodistchapelbuilt?…………….. 9. apaintedcopyisinsidethechurch?…………….. WhichKingwrotealetterofthankstoStErth, 8. WhatdoesNTLshownnearthebridgeonmapstandfor?…………….. 7. andwhen(onplaque)?…………….. Whichfamilyhad Trebartha Placebuilt…………. 6. WhatisthenumberofNationalCycleroutewhichgoesacrossStErthbridge?…………….. 5. Wherecanyouseethe Trewinnard Coach?…………….. 4. Whyaremodelsofheronputaroundalake along The GreenLane?…………….. 3. Whosenameisinscribedonthemortarofbridgebychurchcarpark?…………….. 2. 1. QUIZ Stoat Fox Badger Brown Trout Rabbit Kingfisher Kestrel Swan Slow worm Adder enfeigo cbos bird's-foottrefoil, seen feedingonscabious, moth whichisactiveduringsummerdayscanbe The sixspottedburnet white andredadmiral. cabbage tortoiseshell, attract thepeacock, campionandbuddleia honeysuckle, nettles, Their flowersalongwiththoseof blackberry. and (its fruitisusedinthemakingofsloegin), blackthorn along withthefloweringhawthorn, early purplemarshorchidandfoxglovesappear Through theyear be spottedalongGreenLane. footpaths andlanesfrogstoadscanoften riverbanks, bluebells isabundantinthehedgerows, Walking aroundStErthinspringtheblueofnative NATURE NOTES Wren Magpie Mallard Moorhen Little Egret and soldinthevillageshop. ec n lvr andiseasilyidentifiedbyits vetch andclover, honey iscollectedfromtheirhivesbyJenny otk akt hi ie.The resulting to take backtotheirhives. are always busycollectingpollenandnectar dark greenwingswithvibrantredspots. Honey beesfromtheirhivesneartheriver ... WE HOPE YOU ENJOYEDHOPE YOU YOUR WE WALK ... Alder Willow Ash Oak Holly Your name Elephant HawkMoth Silver Studded Blue Orange tip Blackthorn Hazel Japanese knotweedorRagwort Tell Councilifyousee: trout andeel. an otterlookingforamealofbrown is alsoararechanceofglimpse there pipistrelle batsrushingaround, the riverbankisaccompaniedby Aneveningstrollalong St ErthPits. blackcap isnowafrequentvisitorto the barnandscreechowl laterhear starlings gatheringtoroost, crowsand the soundofrooks, warbler andatduskinthesummer reed woodpecker, for thecuckoo, Listenout wagtail andredstart. swift, swallow, housemartin, chiffchaff, the summervisitorsinclude littleegretandbuzzardin heron, During thedayoftenvisibleare ST ERTH - A POTTED HISTORY WORD SEARCH omwsue.The presentMethodistchapel of1827was builtasa room was used. Beforethata'hired' built upatthecross wherethepostofficeisnow. In1796thefirst Methodistchapelwas who builtBatteryMillin1782. Methodism probablycamewithskilled artisansfromtheMidlands renowned forherexcellentecclesiastical carvings. was donebyMiss Violet Pinwill alsoearlyC20, the Trewinnard Chapel, The carvingin eachwithapairofangelscarvedatitscorners. church, unusualina There aretwo dormer windows, extensively restored”. thelatterhavinghadtobe now remainedarethetowerandpillars, hand was soextensiveacharacterthatoftheoldbuildingall A Pressreportafterrestorationin1874stated"The worktaken in restoration andre-buildingcarriedoutseveraltimesduringitshistory. It isdifficulttodatetheChurchaccuratelybecauseofextensive thebuildersmanaged toconveyasenseofspaciousness. is notlarge, Althoughthechurch 1901. inJanuary, , cast byHarvey&CoLtd, thetenorbellwas re- There aresixbellsinthe C14tower, the C10. the churchyardcrosssuggeststhatachurchexistedherefromatleast however The presentParish Churchwas originallybuiltinC14orC15, November 2. StErthFeast DayiscelebratedontheSundaynearest documented. The Parish Council haditsfirstMeetingin1895andhistoryiswell aneventwhichhaslonggone. annual harvestfairon18September, There was an with variations untilby1819St Erthwas established. SanctiErcuby1349, although in1291itwas known asLanudnou, The actualParish ofStErthanditsboundarieswas formedabout1160 river tothevillage. diminished StErth’s importanceandpreventedanynavigationupthe builtin1825 The causeway, widened byDaviesGilbert1816. The bridgewas was carriedupcountryfromthe stannariesofPenwith. Itwas alongthisroutethattin coaching routethroughtoPenzance. providedthemain The C14bridge, people movedintothevalley. original settlementuntilacrossingoftheriverwas establishedand the topofStErthHillknownas"Carnabeggas"was possiblythe ABronzeorIron Age fortifiedenclosureat southern seasofCornwall’. andwhichprobablyconnectedthenorthern Saint Erthisplaced, ‘asomewhatshallowgulfoccupyingatleast thevalley inwhich or, It isthoughtthatthe ‘Saint Erth Valley’ was onceanarmofthesea, WDPFOCLPXFESOTY T O S E F X P L C O F P D NW HMIGCFTFJGSNLRXE A K L E O KOWLYHJEKRIKQUDV J R W R K I TOLRLSUVEKYHKJQR J N L E O R N RR S U H YAACPTSKNUH I I ELVC M H H L J W H BO O G R L M ENPH LOOCENLDHOS A I P L EHARTARAO D O IHUKHGF L O R F E GC V T HM O R S SSJWTMI F V ITALPKESF F V V ED P ILYBNIWXOBYCROBT C S T N VONAHYCHOYEFDFNS K U X M X AVHADXCGPDQHCCUV S L M F DX Tales & Trails" athttp://hayletaleshome.blogspot.co.uk Clidgy &Doodle-Dashers-Hayle See www.st-erth.co.uk and"Churks, Want tolearnmore? thriving. families andthepopulationhasgrownprimaryschoolis There areyoung postofficeandpublictransport. loss ofshop, place whichalmostentirelyconsistsofsecondhomeswithacomplete StErthhasnotbecomea unlike someCornishvillages, Fortunately, the oldStErthfamilieshavegone. more retiredpeopleandthosebornoutsidetheparishmanyof There are Work isfoundoutsidetheparish. workers hasdeclined. The farmshavegotbiggerandthenumberoffarmersfarm- There arenominesorfoundryworks. The populationhaschanged. get aglassof(smuggled)spirit. butawinktothelandlordwould they wereonlylicensedtosellale, There werealso"winks"socalledas and NewInnnowMenaHouse. houses ofwhichonlythe"Star"datesbackto1686survives the sizeofpopulationthenisfactthatthereweretwopublic Anotherindicationof work atsurfacewithoutshelterinallweathers. children fromtheageof6yearswereemployedinoreprocessing Women and had alifeexpectancyoflessthan40yearsonaverage. The miners androllingcopperwork. foundry, because ofthemining, The StErthpopulationincreasedduringlateC18thandearlyC19th particularlyalongFore Street. still inuse, long timeblacksmithwhowas alsoresponsibleforanumberofothers StErth's ones madebyMrEsleaPalmer Lashbrookof Anvil House, The gateswerelaterreplaced bythepresent Coalbrookdale Foundry. wall was addedin1909withironrailingsandgatesfromthe The boundary the newCouncilSchooltookovereducationinStErth. closedwhen Day Schoolfrom1872to1922attachedthechapel, There was a Wesleyan result ofincreasingnumbersfollowingrevivals. eindadilsrtdb w.reeadrust.co.uk 01872 552286 and Designed andillustrated by www.graeme they areproduced fromorganicmatter andarebio-degradable. The vegetablebasedinksused arethenewenvironmentallyfriendlyalternative tomineral basedinks, This document isprintedonpaperfrommanagedrenewable sources. Print issourcedwithinCornwall. SCHOOL LANE CHURCH STREET CHAPEL HILL FORE STREET WILLIAM HAMPTON JOHN HAWKINS DAVIES GILBERT JOHN HARVEY OLD SCHOOLROOM THE BRIDGE STAR INN ANVIL HOUSE in ourwordsearch. St Erthyoucanfind ‘hidden’ buildings andstreetnamesof See howmanyofthepeople, OUT & ABOUT Council Parish St Erth 7/2012 Walking and learning for all with The St Erth Family Activity Trail with the Hayle area ‘Walkers are Welcome’

ROUTE MAP • QUIZ • HERITAGE AND NATURE NOTES WORD SEARCH • EYE-SPY • A FUN WALK FOR ALL AGES

Trebartha Place 1 point

Cat on the chimney 2 points

Sundial - what’s the time? Trout or Bream 3 points 3 points

Dragonfly 3 points

The ‘Coffin Stopper’ 2 points Trewinnard Manor 1 point The pumphouse 2 points

Eye-Spy total St Erth Parish Council The St Erth Family Activity Trail

Parking: Free parking opposite the Old Distances and suitability: School Room. 1 mile: The ‘Green Lane Mile Walk’ for Refreshments: There is the Star Inn which has 2012. Wheelchair and pushchair friendly to hot meals and good ales, also the Village Shop/ the bridleway then advance with care. Post Office/Café with free internet access. 3.2 miles: In wet weather this route can be Public Toilets: Tredrea Lane. very muddy in parts.

Public telephone: Outside the Post Office. 1.6 miles: In wet weather this route can be very muddy in parts.

Always remember to follow the Countryside 1.2 Miles: Mobility scooter and pushchair Code when out and about... friendly when dry, advance with care on the bridleway and riverbank. In wet weather it can be very muddy in parts and “stick to the paths, close gates, pick up after your not suitable for wheeled transport. dog and pocket your litter” ...thankyou. 4

5 Locations around the churchyard. 2 The little map on the right will help you find your way around the churchyard, please be respectful as you explore. 6

There are two interesting ancient crosses in the churchyard and you will see a medieval lantern cross stands in the square by the Post Office.

The churchyard cross with its figure of Christ on one side and bosses on the other displays similar characteristics to the early tenth century crosses on the Penwith peninsula, around St Buryan and the early medieval monastery there.

The wayside cross was found in 1896 built into a garden wall at Battery Mill. When Mr Gilbart, the owner of the mill, died in the 1890s 1 the cross was removed to the churchyard and placed on a modern base 3 over his grave.

1 The Parish Church 14 Star Inn 27 St Erth RSS 2 The Wayside Cross 15 Post Office/Shop/Tea Shop 28 Pump House 28 3 The Churchyard Cross 16 Medieval Lantern Cross 29 POW Camp (site of) 4 Harvey Family Graves 17 New Inn 30 Stamps Lane 5 Jane Trevithick's Grave 18 St Erth C. P. School 31 Beehives Old School Rooms Anvil House 6 19 32 Carbis Mill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 The Bridge 20 Trebartha Place 33 Battery Mill Special thanks to Cedric Appleby, 8 Play Area 21 Parish Vestry/Memorial Rooms CARBIS One Name Society 34 Tremelling Moor and Hayle Oral History for 9 Normal tidal limit (NTL) 22 Emily Tredrea's House 35 Trewinnard Manor allowing the use of their material. 10 Wesleyan Day School 23 Allotments 36 Spitfire (crash site in 1942) For more information on Hayle Walkers are Welcome contact: 11 The Chapel 24 Football Field 37 ‘Coffin Stopper’ Cattle Grid [email protected] 12 Winks 25 The Old Vicarage 38 Tredrea Manor More walks around St Erth can be found at www.st-erth.co.uk and 13 Coth Skyber (Old Barn) 26 St Erth Pits 39 The Dixies www.walk4life.info/find-a-walk The Harvest Home In the Square there is a chimney with a Auction held on the cat on it. This was placed there by St Erth Farmers Market, held every last Friday in Henry Richards, a mason, when he was Saturday in the Methodist Chapel, September at the Star renovating it in mid 1980s. sells, fruit, locally reared meat and Inn and the Good farm grown vegetables, fish, freshly Friday Egg Hunt and baked bread, pasties and cakes, Duck Race are annual honey and eggs, as well as good The is events organized by 18 quality Cornish craft. the St Erth Feast tidal up to St Erth Committee which and the Normal Tidal Originally started as a way to raise raise funds for the Limit is shown on OS P 12 13 16 funds for the chapel hall, the older generation of maps as NTL. 11 15 market has now become a popular the village. 10 social event in the village and 9 attracts hundreds people each 8 14 week who come to shop and chat 7 6 17 over a tea or coffee. WC 1TO5 9 28 37 The unusual cattle grid at Tredrea was specifically designed with its curved walls to stop coffins being taken over the fields to the church rather than the longer road 39 route. Wrought iron railings were embedded along the top of the wall which prevented the coffin being raised high enough to pass over the curves. Despite its construction cattle were known to be able to manoeuvre through it.

38 37

39 Davies Gilbert of Tredrea Manor was a Cornish Member of Parliament for 30 years, which was but one of the activities of his life (1767-1839). He was a President of the Royal Society, and was known as "the Cornish Philosopher", his chief claim to fame being as a scientist. 33

A stone memorial in his memory is in the south aisle of the Parish Church. He "discovered" Sir Humphry Davy and collaborated with the inventor Richard Trevithick who married Jane Harvey in 1797 at St Erth Church, the daughter of John Harvey, of the Hayle Foundry.

34 Reeds similar to those growing either side of the river were harvested for roof thatching, the main supply coming from a 31 rectangular “water-bed” between Carbis Mill and Relubbus.

34 The Tremelling Moors under Trewinnard were filled in by the council with refuse which was then covered with fly ash from the Hayle . Parts are now being put to farm use again. This and land either side of the river is all designated flood plain. There is a depth gauge near the 35 32 Green Lane bridge and equipment in the green hut on the river bank monitors the water height so that flood warnings can be Battery Mill closed as a rolling given. mill in 1809 when the Cornish Copper Company ceased but it remained in use forging farm tools until the 1900s. It is now a 36 dog hydrotherapy centre. The focal point for Remembrance Day services is the William Hampton, 24, was the hanged cross erected and in the churchyard by Mrs Helen Carter. 20 July 1909, the last execution at Dedicated in 1917, it is in memory of her husband, A number of the old houses along Fore Street Gaol and in Cornwall, for the Major Herbert Carter VC, who died on active service in have gropes (alleys) leading to further houses murder of Emily Barnes Trevarthen WW1. She particularly wished that the names of St Erth behind. The gropes had rooms above and trap Tredrea, 16, at Vicarage Row where men killed were included. Sadly, several more names hatches where furniture and coffins were taken Emily’s family lived and he lodged. had to be added by the end of that war. Later those up and lowered. Many of these were owned by Having been buried in an unmarked from the parish who died in the Second World War were the Rodd family of Trebartha House (Launceston) grave a gravestone was finally put in added to the list. The cross is of Forest of Dean stone. who built the small industrial cottages on place for Emily by two of her nephews Trebartha Place which were rented out. and two great nieces in 2011. Big Lane was renamed Tredrea Lane in her 19 memory. 21 24 23 Until the 1830s farmers had to give a 7 8 25 20 tenth of their produce to the rectors and vicars of their parishes and this would have been stored in the Tithe 22 barn, Coth Skyber, on Chapel Hill. 26

At the top of St Erth Hill can be seen the remains of a secret from WWII. Many locals 29 refer to the site as a radar station, but in fact it was a Radio Security Service station set up by MI8 in 1939 and later taken over by MI6. Personnel serving there scanned the airwaves for encoded enemy wireless traffic and passed the messages up to RSS HQ who then fed them into Bletchley Park. 27

30 Stamp mills or batteries are heavy iron machines used to pulverize rocks into a fine dust so the ore can be extracted. Those in St Erth were powered by water wheels. Ore rock was taken down Stamps Lane to batteries of stamps near the river. The stamps were in continuous use and could be heard for several miles.

30

German and Italian WWII Prisoners of War and displaced persons of various nationalities 29 were based in a camp at St Erth. They worked in the 39 “Dixies”, (open cast mines now fishing lakes) along the side of Carbis Mill was first mentioned on the river. The Italians also the 27th January 1650 as a ‘stamps’ helped make a road all the way mill, then as a ‘flushing’ mill and from St Erth Church up to The Trewinnard coach was built about 1700 and is again later as a ‘grist’ mill. It is Relubbus bridge and built the probably Spanish or Portuguese. It was brought to possible that boats came upriver to pump house to feed water into Trewinnard Manor in 1750s by Christopher Hawkins who Carbis Mill but this would have to 28 their camp and the village. had a road built from the house to the parish church have been before 1338 when the first along Green Lane so the bridge at St Erth was built. The last It is said that there are the family did not have to take miller of Carbis was Mr Richard remains of old moorings and the longer route. The coach Berryman who died in 1941. His the wreck of a small barge a remained at Trewinnard widow then kept the mill operating little further upstream, Exeter until 1909 when it was for a further seven years, until the University carried out some extensively restored by J costs of transporting grain and the excavations and found part of Fuller & Co in Bristol and is added expense of general repairs to an old village, possibly now in the Royal Cornwall the mill made it uneconomical. The medieval. Museum, . There is a main point of interest is that this mill vault for the Hawkins had two independent waterwheels family in the churchyard. and two pairs of stones. The original of this old photo hangs in the Star Inn.