DOCSLIB.ORG

South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Technical Feasibility Study Final Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Technical Feasibility Study Final Report South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Technical Feasibility Study Final Report January 2005 Halcrow Group Limited In association with: Abbott Risk Consulting Global Marine Systems Ltd South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Technical Feasibility Study Final Report January 2005 Halcrow Group Limited In association with: Abbott Risk Consulting Global Marine Systems Ltd Halcrow Group Limited Ambassador House, Ambassador Drive, Exeter, Devon EX1 3QN Tel +44 (0)1392 444252 Fax +44 (0)1392 444301 www.halcrow.com Halcrow Group Limited has prepared this report in accordance with the instructions of their client, South West Regional Development Agency, for their sole and specific use. Any other persons who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk. © Halcrow Group Limited 2005 Halcrow Group Limited Ambassador House, Ambassador Drive, Exeter, Devon EX1 3QN Tel +44 (0)1392 444252 Fax +44 (0)1392 444301 www.halcrow.com South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Technical Feasibility Study Final Report Contents Amendment Record This report has been issued and amended as follows: Issue Revision Description Date Signed 1 0 First Draft for team review 12/04 PS 2 0 Second draft with comments 12/04 PS 3 0 Final 01/05 PS 4 0 Final 01/05 PS Contents Executive summary i 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Project background 1 1.2 Project team 3 1.3 W ave energy potential in the South W est of England 5 1.4 W ave Hub concept and its development 7 1.5 Methodology 8 2 Wave energy Developers 11 2.1 Developer requirements 11 2.2 Status of Developer readiness 16 2.3 Conclusions on Developer responses 16 3 Wave Hub design choices 18 3.1 W ave Hub design choices and stage one sifting 18 3.2 Stage two evaluation 18 3.3 Developing the four preferred options and third stage evaluation 20 3.4 Discarding of Options 1 and 3 24 3.5 Concept development 24 3.6 Conclusions 27 4 Site identification 29 4.1 Introduction 29 4.2 Screening of potential sites 29 4.3 Site identification: onshore 30 4.4 Site identification: offshore 32 4.5 Cable route and risk study 36 4.6 Environmental scoping study 40 5 Wave Hub technical specification 45 5.1 Introduction 45 5.2 Offshore equipment - wet hub 45 5.3 Electrical connection from wet hub to shore 47 5.4 W et hub system expansion 47 5.5 Onshore equipment 47 5.6 Specification for Developers 49 6 Operation and maintenance 51 6.1 Organisation and responsibilities 51 6.2 Operating requirements 52 6.3 Maintenance requirements 54 6.4 Training 56 6.5 Quality, health, safety and environmental management 56 6.6 Community liaison 57 7 Power generation potential 58 7.1 Introduction 58 7.2 Methodology 58 7.3 Results 59 7.4 Conclusions 61 8 Technical financial analysis 62 8.1 Introduction 62 8.2 Development and procurement costs 62 8.3 Construction costs 64 8.4 Costs of alternative W ave Hub arrangement 65 8.5 Phasing/modularity 65 8.6 Connection costs 66 8.7 O& M costs 66 8.8 Cost : risk and sensitivity analysis 68 9 Proposed development programme 70 9.1 Development schedule 70 9.2 Construction schedule 71 9.3 Environment impacts on construction schedule 72 9.4 Conclusion 73 10 Conclusions 75 10.1 Aims of the study 75 10.2 Need for the project 75 10.3 Conceptual and outline design 77 10.4 Location and impact 77 10.5 Cost and timing 78 Glossary Appendices Appendix A - List of associated TFS reports Appendix B - Consultee list Appendix C - Project outline drawings, Nos. 001-004 Appendix D - Capital cost breakdown Executive summary The Wave Hub is an exciting opportunity to help ensure the UK continues to lead the development of Wave Energy. In simple terms, it consists of an offshore electrical “socket” connecting Wave Energy Converters (WECs) to the national grid. It will also provide a suitable offshore wave energy site fully monitored for the wave resource and with a simplified route to permitting and consenting. The mission of Wave Hub is to: • demonstrate the commercial viability of wave energy by supporting wave energy developers across the funding gap between the R&D stage and supported commercial development, complementing existing UK initiatives such as EMEC, NaREC and the Carbon Trust Marine Energy Challenge. A need for this facility has been established by the emerging wave energy industry to enable WEC developers to bridge the so called 'valley of death' between production prototypes and full commercial wave farms. • be an 'infrastructure plus' project for the South West supporting the emerging marine energy sector and make Cornwall and the South West of England the destination of choice for WEC developers to conduct commercial-scale developments. • build on the work already carried out by NaREC, EMEC, Carbon Trust and the DTI to establish the UK as the world leader in marine energy. Help to develop the emerging UK renewable energy sector, increasing GDP and creating a significant numbers of jobs. • contribute to the South West renewable energy targets in line with the South West Renewable Energy Strategy. In doing so, there will be a variety of direct and indirect benefits to the region and the industry: • The production of a significant amount of clean renewable energy in the South West region to help meet regional and national targets • Promotion of the South West region as a leader in the field of wave energy electricity generation • The creation of new jobs and skills in wave energy project development and operation • The creation of new industry and expansion of existing marine and engineering industries capable of manufacturing, deploying, maintaining, inspecting, repairing and decommissioning the potentially wide range of WEC types likely to be deployed • The enhancement of the academic capability and knowledge base in the South West and the provision of a resource in support of local education and training in renewable energy technologies • Provision for WEC developers to install demonstration size projects and plug the gap identified in a number of studies between test machines and large scale commercial projects comprising of arrays of WEC’s WGEHUB1214R – Wave Hub Technical Feasibility Study – Final Report (Task 11) – January 2005 i • Prove the wave energy concept to the satisfaction of potential project lenders to enable future financing of commercial projects The project fits closely in with both the South West Regional Economic Strategy and the South West Renewable Energy Strategy – it will grow a new industry and develop areas of excellence. SWRDA appointed Halcrow in June 2004 to assess the technical feasibility of this initiative and to: • develop the Wave Hub concept in discussion with wave energy converter (WEC) developers & other stakeholders. • prepare a conceptual design and technical specification. • select a location. • prepare an outline assessment of impacts. • gather and analyse evidence to help assess its overall financial feasibility leading to submission to external partners for funding to develop the facility. The study has included discussions with WEC developers to establish their views and requirements of such a facility. Common themes included: • The South West is seen as the optimum area for device proving by nearly all developers. • The principal benefits are seen as reducing risk and programme constraints from permitting and consenting, and reducing up front capital costs. • A water depth of 50-60m would serve the majority of promising devices; an additional area at a depth of 25m would allow one further device to be attracted within the next 10 years. • Developers have varied requirements for support services, but telemetry infrastructure for metocean and WEC monitoring was a common theme. This report focuses on the optimum infrastructure to enable uptake of Wave Hub facilities by WEC developers, however, what can be said from the developer response is that: • there is a key need to provide additional deployment opportunities with significant grid connectivity. • the present, largely untested, UK offshore consenting regime presents a significant uncertainty and programme risk to developers. • the capital costs and risk of providing grid connection infrastructure is considered to be a significant obstacle to developers in deploying demonstration scale device arrays. While these do not in themselves prove the need for the Wave Hub, they do form an essential precursor for the economic study to complete the business case. WGEHUB1214R – Wave Hub Technical Feasibility Study – Final Report (Task 11) – January 2005 ii The analysis of the market and potential “customers”, together with initial assessment of physical and technical constraints led to four principal Wave Hub options being assessed against a combined technical, financial, environmental, health & safety and functionality scoring matrix. The preferred option is to provide a single 33kV armoured sea bed cable to the WEC deployment area, where the following equipment (illustrated in Figure 5.3 on page 50) would be situated on the sea bed: • Four way termination and distribution unit (TDU) - ie a cable splitter • 11/33kV power connection units (PCU) for each of the four cables to the TDU • Umbilical cables from the PCU for pick up and array connection • Independent remotely operable switchgear and electrical protection on each umbilical The requirement for land-side infrastructure is modest, with only a 30 x 30m compound proposed, containing switchgear, monitoring equipment and control room together with storage for operation and maintenance hardware. All the equipment proposed is known technology in current use elsewhere. The sub-sea equipment has been proven in the offshore oil and gas industry. A coarse screening of the whole of the north coast of Cornwall confirmed Hayle as the optimum location for the landfall of the Wave Hub power cable.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wave Hub Appendix N to the Environmental Statement
    South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Appendix N to the Environmental Statement June 2006 Report No: 2006R001 South West Wave Hub Hayle, Cornwall Archaeological assessment Historic Environment Service (Projects) Cornwall County Council A Report for Halcrow South West Wave Hub, Hayle, Cornwall Archaeological assessment Kevin Camidge Dip Arch, MIFA Charles Johns BA, MIFA Philip Rees, FGS, C.Geol Bryn Perry Tapper, BA April 2006 Report No: 2006R001 Historic Environment Service, Environment and Heritage, Cornwall County Council Kennall Building, Old County Hall, Station Road, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3AY tel (01872) 323603 fax (01872) 323811 E-mail [email protected] www.cornwall.gov.uk 3 Acknowledgements This study was commissioned by Halcrow and carried out by the projects team of the Historic Environment Service (formerly Cornwall Archaeological Unit), Environment and Heritage, Cornwall County Council in partnership with marine consultants Kevin Camidge and Phillip Rees. Help with the historical research was provided by the Cornish Studies Library, Redruth, Jonathan Holmes and Jeremy Rice of Penlee House Museum, Penzance; Angela Broome of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro and Guy Hannaford of the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Taunton. The drawing of the medieval carved slate from Crane Godrevy (Fig 43) is reproduced courtesy of Charles Thomas. Within the Historic Environment Service, the Project Manager was Charles Johns, who also undertook the terrestrial assessment and walkover survey. Bryn Perry Tapper undertook the GIS mapping, computer generated models and illustrations. Marine consultants for the project were Kevin Camidge, who interpreted and reported on the marine geophysical survey results and Phillip Rees who provided valuable advice.
    [Show full text]
  • CORNWALL ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY by Eric Edmonds
    SUPPLEMENT TO THE HISTELEC NEWS No.S23 APRIL 2003 ELECTRICITY IN CORNWALL – PART 2 CORNWALL ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY by Eric Edmonds Continuing our story of “Electricity in Cornwall” with Part 2 extracted from 6 articles in the Trevithick Society Annual Journal No.29 as above written by Eric Edmond, who I failed to say last time, that he is President of the Trevithick Society. This edition also includes three appendices : 2 – Hayle Generating Station, mainly plant details 3 – Areas Never Supplied by CEPC 4 – Staff – Management & Engineering Department ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dolcoath Mine and The Cornwall Electric Power Mine gave an option to Edmundsons to purchase the Act 1902 rights of the 1902 Act, and on 3.10.08 Edmundsons Sinking of the Williams' Shaft had been started in resolved to take up this option. On the same date, the 1896, in order to improve the haulage of ore from the CEPCo., held another meeting at Dolcoath Mine and mine. It was also evident from the start that the three Directors nominated by Edmundsons were existing Cornish pumping engines would soon have to present, and thereafter, Messrs. F Harvey, 0.Wethered be replaced. Consideration was given by the mine to and L.C. Foster are not listed in the Minute Book. Mr. generating their own supply and the Cornwall Electric C.H. Jones took over as Secretary. Power Syndicate was formed, with Mr. F Harvey as Chairman, and Mr. O.Wethered as Vice-Chairman. In 1908 the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society They were respectively Chairman and Vice-Chairman chose Camborne as the site for their annual of Dolcoath Mine Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • South West Wave Hub, Hayle, Cornwall
    South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Appendix N to the Environmental Statement June 2006 Report No: 2006R001 South West Wave Hub Hayle, Cornwall Archaeological assessment Historic Environment Service (Projects) Cornwall County Council A Report for Halcrow South West Wave Hub, Hayle, Cornwall Archaeological assessment Kevin Camidge Dip Arch, MIFA Charles Johns BA, MIFA Philip Rees, FGS, C.Geol Bryn Perry Tapper, BA April 2006 Report No: 2006R001 Historic Environment Service, Environment and Heritage, Cornwall County Council Kennall Building, Old County Hall, Station Road, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3AY tel (01872) 323603 fax (01872) 323811 E-mail [email protected] www.cornwall.gov.uk 3 Acknowledgements This study was commissioned by Halcrow and carried out by the projects team of the Historic Environment Service (formerly Cornwall Archaeological Unit), Environment and Heritage, Cornwall County Council in partnership with marine consultants Kevin Camidge and Phillip Rees. Help with the historical research was provided by the Cornish Studies Library, Redruth, Jonathan Holmes and Jeremy Rice of Penlee House Museum, Penzance; Angela Broome of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro and Guy Hannaford of the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Taunton. The drawing of the medieval carved slate from Crane Godrevy (Fig 43) is reproduced courtesy of Charles Thomas. Within the Historic Environment Service, the Project Manager was Charles Johns, who also undertook the terrestrial assessment and walkover survey. Bryn Perry Tapper undertook the GIS mapping, computer generated models and illustrations. Marine consultants for the project were Kevin Camidge, who interpreted and reported on the marine geophysical survey results and Phillip Rees who provided valuable advice.
    [Show full text]
  • INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLGICAL SECTION Of
    INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLGICAL SECTION of the DEVONSHIRE ASSOCIATION Issue 4 January 2019 IASDA Talk & AGM Saturday 9 February 2019 The Dolphin Hotel, 1A Station Rd, Bovey Tracey, TQ13 9AL 10.00am Refreshments on arrival 10.30am Rick Stewart: “Miner’s Health and Welfare in the Tamar Valley” 11.30am Break 11.45 Bob Ashford, “A Twist in the Sodium Nitrate Story” 12.00 Adrian Wills, “Update on the Rolle Canal” 12.15 Iain Miles, “AIA Conference 2018” 12.30pm AGM 1 Apologies 2 Minutes of the AGM of 8 February 2018 3 Chairman’s Report 4 Secretary’s Report 5 Treasurer’s Report / approval of Accounts 6 Election of Officers and Committee The current Committee consists of:- Mick Atkinson, Lynette Costello, Iain Miles, Mary Miles, Pat Milton, Bill Nichols, Richard Pocock, Mike Stannard, Adrian Wills and Graham Wills. All are due stand down and have indicated their willingness to continue on the Committee, with the exception of Graham Wills. New Committee members are welcome and nominations are invited. Please send them to the hon. secretary (Mike Stannard) no later than 14 days before the meeting (Saturday 26 January) Numbers of those wishing to lunch at the Dolphin Hotel afterwards will be taken at the beginning of the meeting. Forthcoming IASDA meetings and field trip (to the end of May 2019) 9th February (Saturday) IASDA AGM after talk by Rick Stewart “Miner's Health and Welfare in the Tamar Valley.” Dolphin Hotel, Bovey Tracey, TQ13 9AL, (OS SX 815 785). coffee at 10.00 am, talk at 10.30 am. Lunch at the hotel available afterwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Copy Thanks to Our Volunteers and Advertisers. Circulation 2500
    Issue 126 April/May 2016 Happy Birthday to the Passmore Edwards Institute. On the 29th of April 1896, to the accompaniment of a band and with a full civic reception including banners across the street, John Passmore Edwards officially opened the Passmore Edwards Institute. This fine building was designed by Mr. Silvanus Τreνail and built by Messrs. John Symons and Son, of Blackwater. 2016 is the Institute’s 120th birthday. John Passmore Edwards had grown up in impoverished circumstances in nearby Blackwater and had had little opportunity for reading and learning. According to his autobiography, he often longed for books and a comfortable room in which to read them. Continued page 3 Free copy thanks to our Issue 126 volunteers and advertisers. Circulation 2500 1 Hayle Pump Newsletter Passmore Edwards Institute, 13-15 Hayle Terrace TR27 4BU The Pump is produced by volunteers as a community newsletter. NB All articles accepted are not necessarily the view of the editorial team. Editorial team contact Subscriptions [email protected] For 6 issues by post , please send a cheque or postal order for £3.60 Advertising Jeff Turk made out to Hayle Pump Newsletter [email protected] to: Phone 01736 752319 Hayle Pump Subscriptions Web site John Bennett 35 Penpol Terrace, [email protected] Hayle TR27 4BQ Please give your name and number Team members as well as the delivery name and Samuel Marsden address. Mary Cambridge Sarah Turk Send any articles or copy to [email protected] Send your adverts to [email protected] or use or drop off at drop off points Angove Sports (Copperhouse) Advertising Rates The Farm Shop (Foundry) Passmore Edwards Institute 1/8 63 x 47.5 £10 (opposite War Memorial) 1/4 63 x 95 £15 NEXT DEADLINE is 1/2 Not available 13th May 2 continued from Page 1 He had been taught by a disabled miner and was aware of the limited opportunities for advancement that ordinary people had.
    [Show full text]
  • Hayle Heritage and Character Assessment Heritage and Character Assessment May 2016 May 2016
    HAYLE HAYLE HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT MAY 2016 MAY 2016 CONTENTS Introduction and Approach ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Context ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Historical Development .................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Character Assessment ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Managing Change ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57 References and Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix A: Schedule of Heritage Assets ........................................................................................................................................ 63 AECOM Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited (“AECOM”) has prepared this Report for the sole use of Project Role Name Position Actions
    [Show full text]
  • Hayle Historical Assessment by Cornwall Archaeological Unit
    Hayle Historical Assessment Cornwall Main Report Cornwall Archaeological Unit A Report for English Heritage Hayle Historical Assessment Cornwall Nick Cahill BA, IHBC (Conservation Consultant) with Cornwall Archaeological Unit July 2000 CORNWALL ARCHAEOLOGICAL UNIT A service of the Environment Section of the Planning Directorate, Cornwall County Council Kennall Building, Old County Hall, Station Road, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3AY tel (01872) 323603 fax (01872) 323811 E-mail [email protected] Acknowledgements The Hayle Historical Assessment was commissioned by English Heritage (South West Region), with David Stuart (Historic Areas Advisor) providing administrative assistance and advice. The CRO, RIC and Cornwall Local Studies Library provided assistance with the historical research. Comments on the draft report were provided by English Heritage, Georgina Schofield (Hayle Community Archive), Brian Sullivan (Hayle Old Cornwall Society), Stella Thomas (Hayle Town Trust) and Rob Lello (Hayle Town Councillor). Within Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Jeanette Ratcliffe was the Project Manager, Bryn Perry Tapper collated historical data and created the Hayle GIS maps and SMR database, and Andrew Young identified sites visible on air photographs (as part of English Heritage’s National Mapping Programme). Nick Cahill (freelance consultant working for CAU) carried out historical research and fieldwork and prepared the report text. The report maps were produced by Bryn Perry Tapper and the Technical Services Section of CCC Planning Directorate from roughs provided by Nick Cahill. Cover illustration Hayle harbour in 1895, viewed from the Towans, above the later power station. North Quay is in the foreground, East Quay in the centre, and South Quay, Carnsew Dock, the railway viaduct and Harvey’s Foundry are in the background.
    [Show full text]
  • RETALLACK SURNAME July 20, 2013
    RETALLACK SURNAME revised September 12, 2015 by Greg Retallack, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272:[email protected] Abstract Retallack is a name endemic to Cornwall, and traceable in that southwestern English county back to 1497. The name is probably derived from Talek, recorded back to 1349, by addition of a demonstrative pronoun (those Taleks!). Talek in turn is most likely from the old Cornish talawg meaning “high forehead”. The comparable Welsh name Tallwch and Pictish Talorc can be traced back to the 6th century. There are numerous other ideas concerning the origin of the Retallack surname from Cornish place names, Cornish saints, mine workings and Norse and Greek gods, and these are all reviewed here. Retallacks in Cornwall were largely miners, farmers and farm laborers. Many left Cornwall for Australia and the United States during the potato blight and mining slump of the 1850's, so that there are now more Retallacks overseas than in Cornwall. Introduction The Retallack name is unusual and often requires careful spelling out. Pronunciation is also a challenge (correct is r'-TAL-lack, rhymes with metallic). Retallack is endemic to Cornwall, England (Fig. 1), where it has been a common name back to the 15th century (Table 1). Since the 19th century there has been a global Retallack diaspora (Table 2) so that there are now more Retallacks in Australia and the U.S. than in Cornwall. A computer search1 revealed 294 Retallacks in Australia, 173 in the United States, 151 in Great Britain, 48 in Canada and 2 in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Cornwall & Scilly Urban Survey, Historic Characterisation For
    Cornwall & Scilly Urban Survey Historic characterisation for regeneration HAYLE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT SERVICE Objective One is part-funded by the European Union Cornwall and Scilly Urban Survey Historic characterisation for regeneration HAYLE Bridget Gillard and Kate Newell October 2005 HES REPORT NO. 2005R077 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT SERVICE Environment and Heritage, Planning Transportation and Estates, Cornwall County Council Kennall Building, Old County Hall, Station Road, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3AY tel (01872) 323603 fax (01872) 323811 E-mail [email protected] Acknowledgements This report was produced as part of the Cornwall & Scilly Urban Survey project (CSUS), funded by English Heritage, Objective One Partnership for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (European Regional Development Fund) and the South West Regional Development Agency (South West RDA). Peter Beacham (Head of Designation), Graham Fairclough (Head of Characterisation), Roger M Thomas (Head of Urban Archaeology), Jill Guthrie (then Designation Team Leader, South West) and Ian Morrison (then Ancient Monuments Inspector for Devon, Cornwall and Isles of Scilly) liaised with the project team for English Heritage and provided valuable advice, guidance and support. Nick Cahill (The Cahill Partnership) acted as Conservation Supervisor to the project, providing support with the characterisation methodology and advice on the interpretation of individual settlements. Georgina McLaren (Cornwall Enterprise) performed an equally significant advisory role on all aspects of economic regeneration. Additional help has been given by Steve Edwards (Conservation Officer, Penwith District Council). Tony Walden (Hayle Townscape Project Officer) and Ray Tovey (Revitalise! Hayle, Market and Coastal Town Initiative) provided valuable information regarding regeneration proposals and initiatives. Bryn Perry-Tapper is the GIS/SMR supervisor for the project and has played a key role in providing training to the project team and developing the GIS, SMR and Internet components of the CSUS.
    [Show full text]
  • BIC-1974.Pdf
    Officers 1975-76 President : Dr. C. J. F. Coombs, Greenwith Place, Perranwell, Truro Chairman : Mrs. M. P. Visick, Trendain, Perranwell Station, Truro General Secretary : W. J. A. Woodward, Lewidden, Penrose, St. Ervan, Wadebridge Treasurer & Registrar : A. F. Reynolds, 33, Treworder Road, Truro Assistant Treasurer 6v Registrar : P. J. Dwyer, 27, Trenance Road, Newquay Field Meetings : F. M. Couch, Old Polzeath, Wadebridge Conservation : G. Jackson, Treweege Barton, Stithians, Truro Editor : N. R. Phillips, Cucurrian Mill, Nancledra, Penzance Secretary for the Isles of Scilly : Miss II. M. Quick, Priglis, St. Agnes, Isles of Scilly Joint Editors—Isles of Scilly Journal : H. P. K. Robinson, D. B. Hunt, 14, Regent Terrace, The Blockhouse, Tresco, Penzance Isles of Scilly Officer for Youth & Education : Mrs. S. D. Johns, 25, Hillcrest Avenue, Truro Committee Members : S. D. Gunn (St. Columb), D. R. Carter (Fowey), R. J. Salmon (Bodmin), Mrs. K. West (Falmouth), retire 1976. B. N. Boothby (Newquay), J. E. Beckerlegge (Camborne), Mrs. E. Davies (St. Tudy), A. C. Hosking (Penzance), retire 1977. Mrs. A. II. Jeffreys (Wadebridge), Mrs. A. Robinson (Truro), Mrs. R. P. Weeks (Wadebridge), J. B. Bottomley (St. Ives), R. J. Beswetherick (Bude), J. Hawkey (Newquay), B. Wilson (Lostwithiel), retire 1978. and the Officers ex-officio. CORNWALL BIRD-WACHING AND PRESERVATION SOCIETY Fourty-Third ANNUAL REPORT 1974 St. George Printing Works Ltd., Camborne Secretary's Report for 1974 The Membership total shows a decline of approximately 100 (from 1100 to 1000) due to our Treasurer finding that the bulk of these Members were in arrears with subscriptions of from 2-3 years. Also quite a number were only paying 50p a year.
    [Show full text]
  • Tion of Bromine from Sea Water. This Product Was Required for the War Effort
    Hayle Harbour and Estuary (circa. 1960) showing the location of the Associated Octel factory The Hayle Works of Associated Octel was established in 1939 as the site for the extrac­ tion of bromine from sea water. This product was required for the war effort. It was used in the manufacture of octane boosters for aviation gasoline during the Second World War and thereafter in motor gasolines. The factory was initially owned by the Government (Ministry of Aircraft Production), but designed and operated by British Ethyl Corporation on their behalf. This article reviews the history of Associated Octel activities at Hayle and covers the entire period of their operation, from 1939 to 1973 . The selection of the site, constructio ~ operation and development of the process are considered along with the basic reason for establishing such a faculty in the United Kingdom. The corporate organisation managing the operation is also outlined. Technical matters are treated in general terms with emphasis placed on those topics felt to be of historical and local interest. 2 r Mining the Sea The Extraction of Bromine from Sea Water at Rayle Arthur Fairhurst, B.Sc., C.Chem., F.R.S.C. Introduction Bromine was the first chemical to be recovered commercially from sea-water with the exception of salt. It is present at concentrations of up to 65 parts per million (ppm) in U.K. waters. Prior to the discovery of tetraethyllead (TEL) as a gasoline anti-knock agent the requirement for bromine was limited to the demands of the fine-chemicals industry. World-wide .demand for bromine, as ethylene dibromide, was linked to the potential use of TEL in the rapidly expanding petroleum industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Wave Hub Environmental Statement (June 2006)
    South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Environmental Statement June 2006 South West of England Development Agency Wave Hub Environmental Statement June 2006 Contents Amendment Record Uuv r uhirrvrqhqhrqrqhsyy) Dr Srvv 9rp vv 9hr Tvtrq 9 hs@T %% T8 ! Avhy@T $%% T8 Halcrow Group Limited Ash House Falcon Road Sowton Exeter EX2 7LB Tel +44 (0)1392 444252 Fax +44 (0)1392 444301 www.halcrow.com Halcrow Group Limited has prepared this report in accordance with the instructions of their client, South West of England Regional Development Agency, for their sole and specific use. Any other persons who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk. © Halcrow Group Limited 2006 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Wave Hub proposals 1.2 Statement of need 1.3 Consent route 1.4 Requirement for Environmental Impact Assessment 1.5 The Environmental Statement 2 Project description 8 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Wave Hub concept 2.3 Wave Hub design development 2.4 Wave Hub deployment area 2.5 Wave Hub offshore infrastructure 2.6 Wave Hub cable 2.7 Wave Hub onshore infrastructure 2.8 Wave energy converters 2.9 Wave Hub construction and installation 2.10 WEC construction and installation 2.11 Wave Hub operation and maintenance 2.12 Wave energy converter operation and maintenance 2.13 Wave Hub and WECs decommissioning 3 Alternatives 49 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Site identification: onshore 3.3 Site identification: offshore 3.4 Site identification: cable route 3.5 Number of PCUs 4 The EIA process 60 4.1 Consent route
    [Show full text]