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Wave Hub Environmental Statement (June 2006)

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Wave Hub Environmental Statement (June 2006) South West of England Regional Development Agency Wave Hub Environmental Statement June 2006 South West of England Development Agency Wave Hub Environmental Statement June 2006 Contents Amendment Record Uuv r uhirrvrqhqhrqrqhsyy) Dr Srvv 9rp vv 9hr Tvtrq 9 hs@T %% T8 ! Avhy@T $%% T8 Halcrow Group Limited Ash House Falcon Road Sowton Exeter EX2 7LB Tel +44 (0)1392 444252 Fax +44 (0)1392 444301 www.halcrow.com Halcrow Group Limited has prepared this report in accordance with the instructions of their client, South West of England Regional Development Agency, for their sole and specific use. Any other persons who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk. © Halcrow Group Limited 2006 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Wave Hub proposals 1.2 Statement of need 1.3 Consent route 1.4 Requirement for Environmental Impact Assessment 1.5 The Environmental Statement 2 Project description 8 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Wave Hub concept 2.3 Wave Hub design development 2.4 Wave Hub deployment area 2.5 Wave Hub offshore infrastructure 2.6 Wave Hub cable 2.7 Wave Hub onshore infrastructure 2.8 Wave energy converters 2.9 Wave Hub construction and installation 2.10 WEC construction and installation 2.11 Wave Hub operation and maintenance 2.12 Wave energy converter operation and maintenance 2.13 Wave Hub and WECs decommissioning 3 Alternatives 49 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Site identification: onshore 3.3 Site identification: offshore 3.4 Site identification: cable route 3.5 Number of PCUs 4 The EIA process 60 4.1 Consent route 4.2 Requirement for Environmental Impact Assessment 4.3 Scoping 4.4 Project description 4.5 Baseline conditions 4.6 Impact assessment 4.7 Uncertainty 4.8 Consultation 4.9 Project team 5 Planning and policy framework 76 5.1 Introduction 5.2 National energy policy 5.3 Planning Policy Statement for Renewable Energy (PPS 22) 5.4 Regional Planning Guidance for the South West (RPG10, 2001) 5.5 Cornwall Structure Plan, September 2004 (Deposit Draft) 5.6 Penwith Local Plan Deposit Draft 1998, incorporating Proposed Modifications 2003 5.7 Review of Wave Hub with planning and policy framework 6 Coastal processes 81 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methodology 6.3 Baseline conditions 6.4 Identification of predicted effects 7 Water, sediment and soil quality 94 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methodology 7.3 Baseline conditions 7.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 7.5 Potential impacts during operation 8 Terrestrial ecology 117 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methodology 8.3 Baseline conditions 8.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 8.5 Potential impacts during operation 9 Ornithology 131 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Methodology 9.3 Baseline conditions 9.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 9.5 Potential impacts during operation 10 Marine ecology 146 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Methodology 10.3 Baseline conditions 10.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 10.5 Potential impacts during operation 11 Fish resources and commercial fisheries 170 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Methodology 11.3 Baseline conditions 11.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 11.5 Potential impacts during operation 12 Navigation 186 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methodology 12.3 Baseline conditions 12.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 12.5 Potential impacts during operation 13 Landscape and views 202 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Methodology 13.3 Baseline conditions 13.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 13.5 Potential impacts during operation 14 Cultural heritage and archaeology 221 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Methodology 14.3 Baseline conditions 14.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 14.5 Potential impacts during operation 15 Road traffic and access 232 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Methodology 15.3 Baseline conditions 15.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 15.5 Potential impacts during operation 16 Tourism and recreation 237 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Methodology 16.3 Baseline conditions 16.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 16.5 Potential impacts during operation 17 Noise and air quality 244 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Methodology 17.3 Baseline conditions 17.4 Potential impacts during construction and decommissioning 17.5 Potential impacts during operation 18 Socio-economics 247 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Methodology 18.3 Baseline conditions 18.4 Potential direct impacts of the construction and operation of Wave Hub 19 Conclusions 254 19.1 Introduction 20 Monitoring 265 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Offshore seabirds 20.3 Underwater noise and cetaceans References 267 Technical Appendices to the Environmental Statement (separate document) Appendix A Coastal Processes Study Report Appendix B Sediment Quality Laboratory Report Appendix C Terrestrial Ecology Survey Reports Appendix D Intertidal Bird Survey Report Appendix E Offshore Seabird Survey Report Appendix F Intertidal Ecology Survey Report Appendix G Subtidal Ecology Baseline Survey Report Appendix H Subtidal Biotope Classification Report Appendix I Supplementary Subtidal Ecology Baseline Survey Report Appendix J Commercial Fisheries Study Appendix K Baseline Fisheries Resource Reports Appendix L Navigation Risk Assessment Appendix M Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Appendix N Archaeological Assessment Wave Hub Environmental Statement 0 1 Introduction 4. Wave Hub will be based onshore at Hayle, Cornwall. The offshore elements of Wave Hub, including the WECs, will be situated in approximately situated some 10 nautical miles out to sea off St Ives Head (see Figure 1.1). 1.1 The Wave Hub proposals Wave Hub infrastructure Background 5. Wave Hub’s infrastructure can be divided 1. The South West of England Regional into three main components. This infrastructure Development Agency (SWRDA) is proposing the provides the Wave Hub project to provide the electrical infrastructure necessary to support and 6. Firstly, there will be offshore encourage developers of wave energy converter infrastructure comprising four underwater power devices (WECs) to generate electricity from wave converter units (PCUs; i.e. transformers and energy. circuit breakers that receive power generated by the WECs) connected back to a termination and 2. Wave Hub will facilitate WEC distribution unit (TDU) via semi-flexible connector development through final demonstration and cables placed on the seabed within a 4km x 2km pre-commercialisation development stages by deployment area. Various aids to navigation will allowing developers to install, operate and be positioned around the deployment area. It is monitor commercial-scale WECs in realistic within the deployment area that the WECs and offshore marine conditions over a number of their associated infrastructure (e.g. anchors, years. In this respect, Wave Hub will perform the moorings, cables) will be installed. function of a WEC proving zone for the efficient delivery of power derived from renewable wave 7. Secondly, there will be a 25km sub-sea energy. cable comprising power cables and fibre-optic communications connecting the Wave Hub’s 3. Wave Hub supports: offshore infrastructure and onshore infrastructure. • the UK government’s energy policy by 8. Thirdly, there will be onshore contributing towards the UK’s drive to meet infrastructure at Hayle comprising a new the challenges and achieve the goals of substation and other operational facilities. The the new energy policy including a 60% new substation will provide an intermediary reduction in carbon emissions by 2050; connection point for the cable to the 33kV bulk and electricity system operated by Western Power • the South West region’s commitment to Distribution (WPD) at the existing Hayle encouraging technologies for renewable substation complex from where electricity energy generation that will contribute to the generated at the Wave Hub will be passed into region's renewable energy target of 11% - the regional and national electricity supply 15% of electricity production by 2010. networks (e.g. the National Grid). Wave Hub Environmental Statement 1 Figure 1.1 Wave Hub development area Figure 1.2 Conceptual illustration of the Wave Hub Wave Hub Environmental Statement 2 Wave energy converters 9. The WECs do not form part of the Wave Hub’s infrastructure but are material to its consideration as a project and the consent application supported by this Environmental Statement. 10. In essence, all WECs comprise a carcass (made of steel, concrete or composites), electrical and hydraulic equipment, electronic control and telecommunications equipment, and moorings. 11. All WECs will be floating or semi- submersible, connected to the Wave Hub’s PCUs by cable, and anchored to the seabed via varying numbers of mooring lines. WEC units may take a number of forms, with varying outputs, operating ranges, numbers in an array, and spacings. 12. The main types of WECs will be oscillating water column devices (partially submerged), buoyant moored devices (floating on or just below the surface of the sea), or hinged contour devices (floating on the surface of the sea). Figure 1.3 provides an illustration of some of the WECs that are under development. 13. Different developers will be able to connect either individual WECs or arrays of WECs to a PCU at any one time. All WECs and their moorings / anchors will be installed within the same 4km x 2km deployment area as used for the Wave Hub’s PCUs and TDU. 14. By virtue of providing four PCUs, the Figure 1.3 Examples of WEC Devices (top to deployment area will accommodate four bottom: Pelamis, PowerBuoy and FO3 devices) connections from a WEC or an array of WECs. Wave Hub Environmental Statement 3 Energy generation extreme weather conditions than other parts of the UK. 15. Wave Hub will have a maximum output of 20MW (i.e. 4 PCUs x 5MW). This output Business case effectively limits the scale and/or number of WECs and WEC arrays that can be connected to 3. The following case for Wave Hub has the Wave Hub.
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