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Proceedings of the 1St Ileaps Science Conference REPORT SERIES IN AEROSOL SCIENCE N:o 79 (2006) Integrated Land Ecosystem ─ Atmosphere Processes Study Proceedings of the 1st iLEAPS Science Conference Boulder, Colorado, USA, 21 – 26 January 2006 Helsinki 2006 iLEAPS is a core project of IGBP, the International Geosphere – Biosphere Programme Yliopistopaino 2006 ISSN 0784-3496 ISBN 952-5027-66-X Contents Welcome..................................................................................................................... 5 Scope ......................................................................................................................... 6 Organizing committees............................................................................................... 9 Venue floor plan ....................................................................................................... 10 Conference information ............................................................................................ 11 Social events ............................................................................................................ 12 Early career scientists .............................................................................................. 14 Post conference workshop ....................................................................................... 15 Map of Boulder ......................................................................................................... 16 General information .................................................................................................. 17 Sponsors .................................................................................................................. 19 Exhibitors.................................................................................................................. 22 Invited speakers ....................................................................................................... 23 Conference program................................................................................................. 28 Saturday 21 January ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Sunday 22 January........................................................................................................................................... 28 Monday 23 January.......................................................................................................................................... 30 Tuesday 24 January ......................................................................................................................................... 32 Wednesday 25 January..................................................................................................................................... 33 Thursday 26 January........................................................................................................................................ 35 List of abstracts ........................................................................................................ 36 Abstracts................................................................................................................... 61 Session 1........................................................................................................................................................... 61 Session 2......................................................................................................................................................... 123 Session 3......................................................................................................................................................... 187 Session 4......................................................................................................................................................... 219 Session 5......................................................................................................................................................... 323 3 4 Welcome Welcome from iLEAPS iLEAPS, the land-atmosphere interface core project of IGBP began in 2004 and is now bringing together scientists from all over the world to participate in the first iLEAPS Science Conference in Boulder, Colorado. The conference is based on the guidelines set by the planning meeting held during the International Open Science Conference in Helsinki, Finland in 2003. The purpose of the biennal iLEAPS Science Conference is to gather researchers from the wide multi- and cross-disciplinary field of research on land-atmosphere interactions to present new research results. This conference also provides a forum to discuss the current status of iLEAPS activities and to plan future research. Synthesis of cross-disciplinary research is particularly encouraged. The iLEAPS SSC welcomes you to this exciting conference on land-atmosphere research! On behalf of the iLEAPS SSC, Andi Andreae Pavel Kabat Co-chair Co-chair Welcome to Boulder We are living in times when sound crossdisciplinary science is needed by modern society to understand how the Earth System functions and accurately predict how it is likely to evolve. This overarching goal of NCAR science is in full agreement with the scope of this conference- the broad, collaborative and integrative approach from local to global scale. NCAR is pleased to host the 1st iLEAPS Science Conference at the new Center Green Campus in Boulder and is looking forward to fruitful scientific outcome. Tim Killeen NCAR Director 5 Scope The 1st iLEAPS Science Conference emphasises the relevant aspects regarding the interfaces between land-biosphere-atmosphere. In particular the conference focuses on five main topics: 1. Land-atmosphere exchange of reactive and long-lived compounds: key interactions and feedbacks in the Earth System 2. Feedbacks between land biota, aerosols, and atmospheric composition in the climate system 3. Feedbacks and teleconnections in the land surface-vegetation-water-atmosphere system 4. Material and energy transfer in the soil-canopy-boundary layer system: measurements and modelling 5. Modelling of land-atmosphere interactions: towards the Earth System approach Although the topics are divided into separate issues, they are essentially not separate thematic units. Energy partitioning, emissions of a compounds and carbon uptake by terrestrial biota, for example, all contribute to regional and global climate on different temporal and spatial scales. Due to the complexity of the interactions between the numerous processes, measurements and modelling activities need to be explicitly linked. The integration of measurements and modelling include, for example, scaling from local observations to regional models and sensitivity studies with fully coupled surface-atmosphere models. Topic 1. Land-atmosphere exchange of reactive and long-lived compounds: key interactions and feedbacks in the Earth System The land-atmosphere exchange processes of a variety of substances are tightly coupled together, highly sensitive to climate change, and in turn contribute to climate forcing through the effects on tropospheric chemistry and radiative flux. Long-lived gaseous compounds, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide as well as reactive volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, for example, are linked in the geochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. The focus is particularly on the interactions between production, transport, transformation, and deposition. Topic 2. Feedbacks between land biota, aerosols, and atmospheric composition in the climate system This issue comprises the interaction of biogenic and anthropogenic aerosol particles with the climate system and also the coupling of biological and hydrological processes with atmospheric reactions in controlling the self-cleansing mechanism of the atmosphere. The direct and indirect effect of aerosol particles on radiative flux and cloud-precipitation processes deal with the direct emissions of anthropogenic aerosols, secondary formation and growth of aerosols to cloud condensation nuclei. The sources of these aerosols are emissions from biogenic sources, as well as dust. Surface-atmosphere exchange processes are important in determining the concentration of hydroxyl radical, the main oxidant determining the rate of chemical removal of compounds in the atmosphere. Changes in the terrestrial ecosystems directly or indirectly affect the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and surface removal. Hence, emissions as well as mixing and transport play a key role in regulating chemical transformations. Changes in gas-phase chemistry also affect aerosol production processes. 6 Topic 3. Feedbacks and teleconnections in the land surface-vegetation-water- atmosphere system Synergies and feedbacks between the land surface and atmosphere, and other components of the climate system influence the variability of the regional climate and its interactions with the global climate system. Surface (soil) moisture content, radiation absorption and energy partitioning are key factors in the local, regional and global land surface-vegetation-water- atmosphere system. Changes in the land-atmosphere exchanges of various compounds, as a result of e.g. climate change, land-use changes, can have a variety of local, regional, and remote effects through subsequent changes in e.g. a) the lateral transport of material via fluvial systems, b) perturbations of the atmospheric circulation
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