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The Influence of Yoga on Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury Related Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2018 The nflueI nce of Yoga on Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury Related to Sleep and Mood Charity Hubbard Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Hubbard, Charity, "The nflueI nce of Yoga on Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury Related to Sleep and Mood" (2018). All Theses. 2845. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2845 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INFLUENCE OF YOGA ON PEOPLE WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY RELATED TO SLEEP AND MOOD A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management by Charity Hubbard May 2018 Dr. Marieke Van Puymbroeck, Committee Chair AcceptedDr. Brandi by:Crowe Dr. Arlene Schmid ABSTRACT Sustaining a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has a significant effect on an individual’s physical and mental abilities, resulting in decreased independence. Residual effects of TBI often include sleep and mood disorders. Sleep disorders include any disturbance in an individual’s quality of sleep and daytime functioning as a result; while mood disorders include depression, anxiety, and adjustment to injury. Rehabilitation after TBI involves a wide range of therapeutic services of which recreational therapy can serve as a holistic therapy, addressing both the mind and the body. Yoga as a recreational therapy intervention may be used to improve functioning for individuals with TBI. Thus, the purpose of this convergent mixed methods study was to examine the effects of yoga on individuals with TBI related to their sleep and mood. This research study involved an eight-week yoga intervention, which occurred bi-weekly at the Shepherd Center. Six individuals with TBI completed the intervention. Pre-, mid-, and post-intervention assessments were given to measure sleep and mood. Upon completion of the intervention, participants and their caregivers took part in focus groups to share their perceptions of change in sleep and mood. Data were collected, analyzed, and reported to discuss the effects of yoga on sleep and mood in individuals with TBI. Quantitative data revealed no statistical significance, though percent change calculations of pre- and post-data showed a substantial decrease in anxiety and an improvement in adjustment to injury. Qualitative data was consistent with the calculated percent change in addition to an emerging theme of social support amongst individuals with TBI. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis project to my fiancé Fabien, who read and re-read my writing, gave me feedback, and provided support throughout the entire process. Fabien’s intelligent and intentional thoughts contributed to the production of this thesis defense, and I couldn’t have done it without him. I would also like to dedicate this thesis project to my supportive parents, who encouraged me to pursue a Master’s in Recreational Therapy and provided an abundance of support throughout the process. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people deserve thanks for the accomplishment of this thesis project. To Lauren Tudor, my former supervisor, my friend, and my partner in research; thank you for teaching the yoga sessions and being so flexible and accommodating throughout this project. You have been an inspiration to me in how you treat each client with such respect and care, and how you have mentored me as I develop into a professional. To Dr. Marieke Van Puymbroeck, thank you for teaching me everything I know about research. Your passion for Recreational Therapy and yoga inspire me to continue on the path of bringing yoga to more people! You taught me so much through this thesis defense and my graduate assistantship, from technical writing skills to professional skills, you have been a phenomenal advisor and committee chair. I am grateful for the advice and guidance of Dr. Brandi Crowe and Dr. Arlene Schmid, who served on my committee as intentional and knowledgeable people in Recreational Therapy and Yoga. I would also like to thank all of the caregivers who transported yoga participants to the Shepherd Center twice a week for eight weeks. We could not have completed the study without you. Participants, thank you for creating such a welcoming and encouraging environment for one another. I am extremely grateful to everyone who played a part in developing and accomplishing this research on the influence of yoga. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................... II DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. VII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ...................................................................................................................................... 1 TREATMENT FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ...................................................................................................... 4 PURPOSE STATEMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 7 SPECIFIC AIMS ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 DEFINITION OF TERMS ............................................................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 10 TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ................................................................................................................................... 10 TREATMENT FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ................................................................................................... 14 HEALTH PROTECTION/HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL .................................................................................... 20 LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 3: METHODS ...................................................................................................................... 23 DESIGN OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................................... 23 SELECTION OF SUBJECTS ....................................................................................................................................... 23 PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................................................................... 24 DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................................................................. 27 DATA ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 4: MANUSCRIPT ............................................................................................................... 35 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 38 METHODS ............................................................................................................................................................. 41 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 48 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 54 CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................................ 59 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................................... 59 APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................................... 62 APPENDIX A: GLASGOW COMA SCALE ......................................................................................................... 63 APPENDIX B: SIX ITEM SCREENER ......................................................................................................................
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