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Dissertation DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation Post-Orientalismus Eine soziologische Analyse zu den Dekonstruktions- und Rekonstruktionsprozessen des Orientbildes in der zeitgenössischen visuellen Kunst Verfasserin Dina El-Najjar, Bakk.phil. MA angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr.phil.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 784 122 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Soziologie Studienblatt: Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Christoph Reinprecht Danksagung Ich möchte an dieser Stelle Univ.-Prof. Dr. Christoph Reinprecht für die Betreuung und wertvollen Anregungen herzlich danken. Ohne ihn wäre die Dissertation erst gar nicht möglich gewesen. Besonderer Dank gilt meinen geliebten Eltern, die mich in der Verwirklichung meiner Träume unterstützt haben. Für meine Eltern Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung.............................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Theoretische Abhandlung ....................................................................................................... 23 1.1. Der Orient: Zur Schöpfungsgeschichte eines westlichen Konzepts .......................................... 23 1.2. Imperialismus-Kolonialismus-Eurozentrismus ......................................................................... 26 1.3. Kritik an Edward Said ............................................................................................................... 31 1.4. Kunst als Widerstandsstrategie: Durch die Augen des Anderen ............................................... 33 1.5. Don’t (b) other me! .................................................................................................................... 34 1.6. Zwischenräume: Das Konzept der Hybridität ........................................................................... 37 1.6.1. Der Dritte Raum ..................................................................................................................................... 37 1.6.2. Das hybride Dasein der Mimikry ............................................................................................................ 42 1.6.3. Going beyond barriers ............................................................................................................................ 44 1.7. Postkoloniale Kritik ................................................................................................................... 45 1.8. Die Artikulation des Subalternen und dessen Auflösung .......................................................... 48 1.9. On Hybrid Identities: Towards a New Consciousness .............................................................. 51 1.10. Voyage In- Zeitgenössische hybride Kunst ........................................................................... 55 2. Die ambivalente Faszination des Orients ...................................................................... 58 2.1. Die Orientmalerei des 19. Jahrhunderts .................................................................................... 58 2.2. Der Orient, Orientalismus und Orientalismus-Diskurs ............................................................. 59 2.3. Anfänge und Entwicklung der Orientmalerei des 19. Jahrhunderts .......................................... 61 2.4. Die französische Orientmalerei ................................................................................................. 63 2.5. Erotische Szenen aus dem Orient .............................................................................................. 66 2.6. Theory of gaze: Die Objektivierung des weiblichen Subjekts .................................................. 68 2.7. Das Ende der Orientmalerei ...................................................................................................... 72 2.8. Die Entzauberung des Orients: Das Aufkommen des Grenz-Orientalismus ............................. 72 3. Post-Orientalismus .......................................................................................................... 75 3.1. Neo-Orientalismus ..................................................................................................................... 75 3.2. Post-Orientalismus: Die Positionierung des Subjekts mithilfe von Kunst ................................ 77 3.3. Der post-orientalische Künstlertypus: Die neue Avantgarde .................................................... 81 3.4. Die Auflösung des orientalischen Mythos ................................................................................ 83 3.4.1. Mythos vs. Gegen-Mythos ...................................................................................................................... 84 1 3.4.2. Zur künstlerischen Mythenbildung und ihrer Auflösung durch Reproduktion ....................................... 88 4. Forschungsfragen und methodischer Zugang ................................................................. 92 4.1. Fragestellungen .............................................................................................................................. 92 4.2. Künstlerische Fotografien als soziologischer Zugang .................................................................... 94 4.3. Möglichkeiten einer kunstsoziologischen Bildanalyse................................................................... 96 4.4. Selbstentwickelter Leitfaden für die soziologische Analyse von Kunstfotografien ..................... 100 4.4.1. Den zu analysierenden Corpus festlegen .............................................................................................. 100 4.4.2. Die formal-ikonische Beschreibung der Fotografie .............................................................................. 102 4.4.3. Kontextualisierung: Zusammenhang der Bildelemente ........................................................................ 103 4.4.4. Bedeutungswandel und Gegen-Mythos erfassen .................................................................................. 105 4.4.5. Die figurative Darstellung .................................................................................................................... 106 4.4.6. Wirkung auf den/die Betrachter/Betrachterin ....................................................................................... 106 4.4.7. Ergänzung und/oder Kontrastierung ..................................................................................................... 107 4.4.8. Die Intention des/der Bildproduzenten/Bildproduzentin ...................................................................... 107 4.4.9. Abschluss der Analyse und Aufbau der Ergebnispräsentation ............................................................. 107 5. Ergebnispräsentation der analysierten Kunstfotografien ............................................ 109 5.1. Hassan Hajjaj und seine Trash-Odalisken .................................................................................... 109 5.1.1. Ilham ..................................................................................................................................................... 110 5.1.2. Rubbish Odalisque ................................................................................................................................ 114 5.1.3. Coca-Cola ............................................................................................................................................. 117 5.1.4. Der Künstler Hassan Hajjaj .................................................................................................................. 120 5.1.5. Abschlusskommentar ............................................................................................................................ 122 5.2. Majida Khattari: Orientalismes .................................................................................................... 126 5.2.1. Berbère .................................................................................................................................................. 127 5.2.2. Favorite Dechue .................................................................................................................................... 133 5.2.3. Odalisque .............................................................................................................................................. 139 5.2.4. Die Künstlerin Majida Khattari ............................................................................................................ 143 5.2.5. Abschlusskommentar ............................................................................................................................ 145 5.3. Lalla Essaydi: Les Femmes du Maroc .......................................................................................... 149 5.3.1.1. Eugène Delacroix ............................................................................................................................... 150 5.3.1.2. Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement (1834) ................................................................................. 151 5.3.1.3. Les Femmes du Maroc #1 .................................................................................................................. 154 5.3.2.1. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ....................................................................................................... 162 5.3.2.2. La Grande Odalisque ........................................................................................................................
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