The EU-US Security and Justice Agenda in Action
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The EU-US security and justice agenda in action in agenda justice and security EU-US The Over the last ten years, several EU-US agreements have been concluded on issues like mutual legal assistance, personal data exchanges or transfers of financial data. The trend towards increasing transatlantic integration in the security domain has seen the emergence of new policy instruments which have often been criticised for their lack of transparency and accountability. THE EU-US SECURITY AND This has given rise to a serious debate concerning data protection and civil liberties. JusTICE AGENDA IN ACTION The transatlantic debate that has accompanied the development of homeland security policies in the post 9/11 context is therefore focused on the two poles of liberty and security, and how to achieve a balance between them. The tenth Edited by Patryk Pawlak anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C. offers a good opportunity to re-examine this dichotomy. Chaillot Papers | December 2011 This Chaillot Paper, edited by Patryk Pawlak and with a preface by Gilles de Edited by Patryk Pawlak Pawlak by Patryk Edited Kerchove, examines transatlantic security cooperation in a broader context with a preface by Gilles de Kerchove and highlights new policy avenues worth exploring. The contributions in part one of the volume focus on the extent of bilateral EU-US cooperation at various levels, while part two provides an insight into how the transatlantic security agenda is implemented beyond the Euro-Atlantic territory. ISBN 978-92-9198-197-7 published by phone: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 30 ISSN 1017-7566 the European Union fax: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 31 QN-AA-11-127-EN-C Institute for Security Studies e-mail: info@iss.europa.eu doi:10.2815/26912 43 avenue du Président Wilson www.iss.europa.eu PAPER CHAILLOT 75775 Paris cedex 16 - France 127 127 CHAILLOT PAPERS BOOKS In January 2002 the Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) became an 126 119 2010 QuELLE DÉFENSE EUROPÉENNE autonomous Paris-based agency of the European Union. Following an EU Council Jun 11 THE WESTERN BALKANS AND THE Nov 09 BACK FROM THE COLD? En 2020 ? Joint Action of 20 July 2001, modified by the Joint Action of 21 December EU: ‘THE HOUR OF EuROPE’ THE EU AND BELARus In 2009 Claude-France Arnould, Juha Morton Abramovitz, Florian Margarita M. Balmaceda, 2006, it is now an integral part of the new structures that will support the Auvinen, Henri Bentégeat, Nicole Bieber, Dejan Jovic, Robert Sabine Fischer, Grzegorz Gnesotto, Jolyon Howorth, F. further development of the CFSP/CSDP. The Institute’s core mission is to Manchin, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, Gromadzki, Andrei Liakhovich, Stephen Larrabee, Tomas Ries, provide analyses and recommendations that can be of use and relevance to Sašo Ordanovski, Momčilo Astrid Sahm, Vitali Silitski and Jacek Saryusz-Wolski, Stefano Radulović, Denisa Sarajlić-Maglić, Leonid Zlotnikov; edited by Sabine the formulation of the European security and defence policy. In carrying Silvestri, Alexander Stubb, Nuno Igor Štiks, Veton Surroi, Jovan Fischer Severiano Teixeira, Álvaro out that mission, it also acts as an interface between European experts and Teokarevic; edited by Jacques de Vasconcelos, Alexander Weis et decision-makers at all levels. Rupnik 118 Richard Wright; Oct 09 GLOBAL SECURITY IN A Préface de Catherine Ashton 125 MULTIPOLAR WORLD Sous la direction d’Álvaro de Chaillot Papers are monographs on topical questions written either by a member Apr 11 THE G-20: A PATHWAY TO Feng Zhongping, Robert Hutchings, Vasconcelos of the EUISS research team or by outside authors chosen and commissioned EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM? Radha Kumar, Elizabeth Juha Jokela Sidiropoulos, Paulo Wrobel by the Institute. Early drafts are normally discussed at a seminar or study 2009 THE OBAMA MOMENT – and Andrei Zagorski; group of experts convened by the Institute and publication indicates that the EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN 124 edited by Luis Peral with an PERSPECTIVES paper is considered by the EUISS as a useful and authoritative contribution to Dec 10 EuROPEAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE introduction by Álvaro de Vasconcelos Alexandra Bell, John Bruton, ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT the debate on CFSP/CSDP. Responsibility for the views expressed in them lies Tom Cargill, Joseph Cirincione, Muriel Asseburg, Michael Bauer, 117 James F. Dobbins, Nikolas Foster, exclusively with authors. Chaillot Papers are also accessible via the Institute’s Agnès Bertrand-Sanz, Esra Bulut Jul 09 EU SECURITY AND DEFENCE. Daniel S. Hamilton, Bruce Jones, website: www.iss.europa.eu Aymat, Jeroen Gunning, Christian- CORE DOCUMENTS 2008 Erik Jones, Ibrahim Kalin, Peter Hanelt, Rosemary Hollis, VOLUME IX Andrew C. Kuchins, Michael Daniel Möckli, Michelle Pace, compiled by Catherine Glière O Hanlon, Rouzbeh Parsi, Nathalie Tocci; (also published in French) Glen Rangwala, Pawel Swieboda, edited by Esra Bulut Aymat Álvaro de Vasconcelos, Alex Vines, 116 Marcin Zaborowski; 123 Jun 09 WAR CRIMES, CONDITIONALITY edited by Álvaro de Vasconcelos Nov 10 L’UE ET L’AFRIQUE : LES DÉFIS AND EU INTEGRATION IN and Marcin Zaborowski DE LA COHÉRENCE THE WESTERN BALKANS Damien Helly Judy Batt, Vojin Dimitrijevic, 2009 EuROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENCE Florence Hartmann, Dejan Jovic, POLICy – THE FIRSt 10 yEARS 122 Tija Memisevic and (1999-2009) Oct 10 VIOLENCE POLITIQUE ET PAIX Jelena Obradovic-Wochnik; edited by Giovanni Grevi, DANS LE MONDE ARABE edited by Judy Batt and Damien Helly and Daniel Keohane Abdallah Saaf Jelena Obradovic-Wochnik 2009 WHAT AMBITIONS FOR EuROPEAN 121 115 DEFENCE In 2020? Sep 10 CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY DEBATES Avr 09 MAGHREB : VAINCRE LA PEUR Claude-France Arnould, Zhu Liqun DE LA DÉMOCRATIE Cover photograph: Juha Auvinen, Henri Bentégeat, Luís Martinez Nicole Gnesotto, Jolyon Howorth, © Credit: Denis Poroy/AP/SIPA 120 F. Stephen Larrabee, Tomas Ries, Apr 10 NuCLEAR WEAPONS AFTER 114 Jacek Saryusz-Wolski, THe 2010 NPT REVIEW CONFERENCE Dec 08 NEGOTIATING THE FINAL STATus Stefano Silvestri, Alexander Stubb, Ian Anthony, Camille Grand, OF KOSOVO Nuno Severiano Teixeira, Łukasz Kulesa, Christian Mölling, Marc Weller Álvaro de Vasconcelos, Mark Smith; edited by Jean Pascal Alexander Weis and Zanders Richard Wright; edited by Álvaro de Vasconcelos; preface by Javier Solana THE EU-US SECURITY AND JustICE AGENDA IN ACTION Elaine Fahey, Eva Gross, Daniel Hamilton, Xymena Kurowska, Maria Grazia Porcedda, Mark Rhinard, Thorsten Wetzling, Sarah Wolff; edited by Patryk Pawlak with a preface by Gilles de Kerchove CHAILLOT PAPERS December 2011 127 Acknowledgements The editor would like to thank all participants of the EUISS-US Task Force held at the European Commission, Brussels, on 15 September 2011 for their insightful comments and the discussion that helped to sharpen the ideas reflected in this volume. Thanks in particular to David Clemente, Sabine Fischer, Kenneth R. Propp, John Rollins, Florian Trauner and Jean Pascal Zanders for their detailed comments on draft chapters. Thanks also to the EUISS publications team and to Anna Kalista for their work and support in preparation of this volume. Any errors are the responsibility of the editor and authors. Institute for Security Studies European Union Paris Director: Álvaro de Vasconcelos © EU Institute for Security Studies 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the EU Institute for Security Studies. ISBN 978-92-9198-197-7 ISSN 1017-7566 QN-AA-11-127-EN-C doi:10.2815/26912 Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and printed in Condé-sur-Noireau (France) by Corlet Imprimeur. Graphic design by Hanno Ranck in collaboration with CL Design (Paris). Contents Preface 7 Gilles de Kerchove Executive Summary 11 Introduction: Issues for the Euro-Atlantic Area of Freedom, Security and Justice 15 Patryk Pawlak Improving the management of migration and mobility 16 Strengthening rule of law and oversight 19 Promoting the spirit of solidarity and cooperation 22 Ensuring internal security through external action 23 The future priority: trust and confidence building 24 Part One: The security and justice agenda in EU-US relations 27 What role for what rule of law in EU-US counterterrorism 1 cooperation? 29 Thorsten Wetzling Introduction 29 What is the rule of law and how does it pertain to counterterrorism? 30 On the scope of counterterrorism cooperation among the US, the EU and its Member States 31 Sources of concern for the rule of law 33 Conclusion 39 Transatlantic approaches to cybersecurity and cybercrime 41 2 Maria Grazia Porcedda Introduction 41 Promoting the adoption of the Convention on Cybercrime 43 Public-private partnerships 46 Increasing awareness 46 Joint exercises: civilian vs. national security attitudes 47 Fighting which type of cybercrime? The effects on liberties 50 Conclusion: what model for the global cyber agenda? 53 Challenging EU-US PNR and SWIFT law before the Court of Justice 3 of the European Union 55 Elaine Fahey Introduction 55 The political question doctrine and non-justiciability in EU law 56 EU-US data transfer law – Passenger Name Records 58 Contents The terrorist financial tracking program agreement (TFTP or ‘SWIFT’) 60 The EU-US General Data Protection Framework Agreement 64 Conclusion: formulating a methodology of justiciability for EU-US relations 66 All for one, one for all: towards a transatlantic solidarity pledge 67 4 Daniel