June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18575 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PROCLAMATION OF EQUAL RIGHTS know that henceforth, there shall be no his record of saving taxpayer money has been FOR THE HANDICAPPED discrimination based on race, creed, age phenomenal. ethnic orgin, gender ... and physical or men­ As a self-appointed guardian of the public tal handicap. purse, it is conservatively estimated he has saved the taxpayer hundreds of millions of HON. JACOB K. JAVITS dollars. The total may even run into billions. OF NEW YORK. Now, Harold Royce Gross, the "Conscience IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES H.R. GROSS: HAIL AND of the House," is retiring at age 75. Nothing is sacred to Mr. Gross if it calls for Monday, June 10, 1974 FAREWELL spending federal money. He has even ques­ Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, Dr. tioned the taxpayers' picking up the tab for Andrew S. Adams, the recently installed maintaining the eternal flame over the grave HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY of President John F. Kennedy. U.S. Commissioner of Rehabilitation, in OF INDIANA a June 5 speech at the New York City "FT. FUMBLE" CATCHES IT Mayor's Conference on Consumer Issues IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In his folksy, blunt newsletter to constitu­ and Actions Affecting the Handicapped, Monday, June 10, 1974 ents, "Uncle Sam" often becomes "Uncle Sucker" or "Uncle Handout." He dismisses issued a Proclamation of Equal Rights Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, when the the Pentagon as "Ft. Fumble." for the Handicapped. Dr. Adams quite final bells sound adjournment of the He has consistently fought pay raises for properly stressed that the litany against 2d session of the 93d Congress, later members of Congress-including, of course, discrimination on account of race, creed, this year, they will also sound the close himself'. Mr. Gross has voted against every color, or sex must now include also of one of the most unusual and outstand­ proposed boost in Congressional salaries since physical or mental handicap. It merits ing congressional careers this Chamber they were at the $12,500 level. (The law­ reading. I ask unanimous consent that makers now are paid $42,000 a year, plus has ever known. The bells will mean extras.) He is not above embarrassing his the proclamation be printed in the Ex­ many things; they will also mean that colleagues, twitting their consciences, on the tensions of Remarks. H. R. GRoss, our friend and beloved col­ subject. Last Febn1ary, attacking an abortive There being no objection, the procla­ league from Iowa, will be with us no move to jump the Congressional salary level mation was ordered to be printed in the longer, as he has announced his retire­ to $52,800, he told the House: RECORD, as fallows: ment. "At a time when many segments of our PROCLAMATION OF EQUAL RIGHTS FOR THE The American taxpayer is losing one nation and its people are faced with unem­ HANDICAPPED of their best friends in the Congress. As ployment and belt-tightening, it is incon­ (By Dr. Andrew S. Adams) ceivable that fattening the payroll of upper the following article from Nation's Busi­ echelon federal executives, federal judges and The day of ignorance is past in matters ness, June 1974, points out: members of Congress would even be pro­ related to the dally activities of physically As a self-appointed guardian of the public posed." and mentally handicapped people. Through­ purse, it is conservatively estimated he has Mr. Gross has never accepted the advice out the United States, we must guarantee saved the taxpayer hundreds of millions of of the late Speaker Sam Rayburn of Texas, equal opportunities under the Constitution dollars. The total may even run into bil­ usually offered to rookie Congressmen: "To to employment, housing, health care, trans­ lions. get along, you go along." portation, education, use of public accom­ He has always functioned in the House as modations, recreation, and access to cast an It is a :fitting tribute to a man whom though every federal dollar spent is his own, election ballot regardless of their physical we all admire, respect, and will miss very, or at least his neighbor's. He'll take on a and mental condition. very much. President with no less relish than a. middle­ These are the eight freedoms I seek for my The article follows: level bureaucrat. More often than not, he fellow disabled citizens. Rehabilitation is a votes against Presidential money requests vital part of our lives, as it provides a path THE HOUSE IS LOSING ITS "CONSCIENCE" (By Vernon Louviere) and he doesn't care which party the Presi­ for our return to dignified and productive dent belongs to. pursuits. But, it is not enough to prepare Some years a.go, when a bill creating the A Western Republican Congressman dis­ us to return to communities that perpetuate National Foundation of Arts and Humani­ covered how this kind of Gross bipartisanship institutional, and individual, attitudes that ties came up for debate on the floor of the works. One day he praised "good old R.R." restrict our inherent rights. House of Representatives, a. somber H. R. for ripping into a Democratic bill. The next We must continue to expand opportuni­ Gross listened impassively to the preliminary day he was overheard complaining about that ties for all disabled people. Discrimination discussion. "old s.o.b., H. R. Gross" after the latter had works in subtle ways, often beyond the noble The bill, among other things, called for torpedoed one of the Westerner's bills. concepts of our Constitution, and too often federal subsidies to promote such art forms "How much will this boondoggle cost?" is beyond the consciousness of our fellow citi­ as painting, creative writing and dancing. the way Mr. Gross generally kicks off his zens. Discrimination may or may not be a Finally, Mr. Gross rose and spoke: questioning on the House floor when he sus­ matter of intention. Either way, I look for "Mr. Chairman, I regret that I did not pects a bill's sponsor is trying to put some­ the day when discrimination for physical or anticipate this bill would come up this after­ thing over on the taxpayer. mental handicap, like poliomyelitis, is basic­ noon or else I wou.d have tried to appear in ally a disease of the past in America.. I look my tuxedo and my dancing shoes to be READING THE FINE PRINT for the day when men no longer Judge their properly equipped for this further going­ Nothing seems to elude his hawk-eyed at­ fellows on the irrational basis of physical or away party for the Treasury of the United tention to fine print in the myriad of bills mental handicap. States." and resolutions which come up for House Recognizing the need for a restatement of Then, Rep. Gross offered an amendment action. Few members of Congress will read our fundamental rights under the Constitu­ which he had drafted with the help of a every bill, as he does. tion, I call for a nationwide proclamation fellow Congressman, a. physician. Take the time, for example, when Mr. of eight freedoms for all physically and men­ After the word "dance" in the bill he Gross focused on a Foreign Service retire­ tally handicapped people. wanted these words inserted: "Including, but ment benefits bill that emerged from the These basic freedoms are: not llmited to, the irregular jactiations and/ Foreign Affairs Committee. He seized on a 1. The right to Employment. or rhythmic contraction and coordinated re­ phrase, "other purposes," and bore in. The 2. The right to Education. laxations of the serrati, obliques and ab­ "other purposes," it turned out, cleverly con­ 3. The right to Housing. dominis recit group of muscles, accompanied cealed the fact that the bill also would jump 4. The right to Transportation. by rotary undulations, tilts and turns, timed Congressional retirement benefits a whopping 5. The right to use Public Accommoda­ with and attuned to the titillating and 33Y3 per cent. When H. R. Gross was fin­ tions. blended tones of synchronous woodwinds." ished with his attack, so was the bill. It was · 6. The right to Recreation. He let the words sink in, waited for maxi­ killed. 7. The right to Health Care. mum effect, and spoke again: "That means Anyone less skilled in the workings of the 8. The right to access to ca.st an Election belly dancing." The House broke up. House, or who failed to do his legislative Ballot. With such wit, the diminutive Iowa. Re­ homework, would not long survive in the role As other segments o! our population have publican has for 25 yea.rs sought to scuttle of Treasury watchdog in which Mr. Gross has petitioned for recognition, let us do the same legislation whose purpose he feels ls to spend cast himself. Even hls detractors concede for disabled Americans as legislated in the for the sa.ke of spending or for some other that few, if any, Congressmen know House Rehabll1tation Act of 1973. Indeed, let it be unnecessary reason. On this day he lost. Still, procedure as well as he. If Mr. Gross has not 18576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974

memorized those documents which deter­ TV'S IN THE JUNGLE He adds: "We've been financing this gov­ mine how all House business is conducted­ Mr. Gross wrote a March, 1968, NATION'S ernment off the printing presses at the the Constitution, the House rules, Thomas BusINEss article entitled, "We Certainly See Bureau of Engraving and Printing. This is Jefferson's Manual and the 11 volumes of Some Silly Spending." Here's an excerpt printing press money and there is no pro­ Precedents of the House of Representatives­ showing his use of wit to attack a federal ductivity behind that kind of money.'' he can put his finger on an applicable sec­ program: Mr. Gross estimates the combined total of tion in moments. "Over at the Agency for International De­ public and private debt in the United States He has introduced relatively little legisla­ velopment, which is skilled in getting rid of at between $2 trillion $200 billion and $2 tril­ tion, has never been a committee chairman taxpayers' money on so-called foreign aid, lion $400 billion. and serves in no other leadership role. somebody discovered that $400,000 had been "We a.re the most debt-ridden country in However, his influence is strongly felt, es­ overlooked in the agency's customary spend­ the world," he asserts. "Our federal debt pecially when it can be anticipated that the ing sprees. alone is more than the combined govern­ Gross scalpel will be drawn. "What to do? mental debts of the rest of the world. "I attend many committee hearings in "Why, run out and buy 1,000 TV sets so "What a paradox: Here is the most de­ which the chairman will study a bill to make that the natives in some jungle could be veloped country in the world in debt up to sure we can answer the knotty questions educated, a bureaucrat suggested. So AID its ears!" Gross will ask," one Congressman relates. bought 1,000 TV's. Few people in or out of Congress remem­ "Many times, items will be dropped before "When the House Government Operations ber a piece of legislation-no matter how the bill hits the floor because of him." Committee looked into it, foreign aid officials important or historic-by its designated Except for party leaders, none of the 435 had to admit they hadn't even bothered to number. But mention H.R. 144 to any mem­ l'nembers of the House have assigned seats. find out which natives were suffering from ber of Congress and he is familiar with it. But over the years no other member has a lack of television, how they were going to Since his early days in the House, Mr. Gross tried to occupy the "Gross seat" located get the sets to operate in the jungle (the has introduced House of Representatives bill strategically in the third row, under the nose one they bought wouldn't work on bat­ 144 (the number is keyed to his name-a of the Speaker of the House, on the middle teries) or what they were going to show the gross equals 12 dozen, or 144) at the start aisle which separates Republicans from the natives if they managed to get the sets op­ of each session. Democrats. Rarely absent, the Iowa Congress­ erating. It has a simple objective: Balance the man arrives on the floor before the daily ses­ "More recently, these same AID dispensers budget and gradually retire the national debt. sion starts, sits through the chaplain's pray­ rushed around in a crash program to set up a Year after year, it is shunted off to the Ways er and the reading of the journal of the pre­ TV propaganda network for South Viet Nam. and Means Committee and promptly for­ vious day's proceedings. Then the House As a sop, they told American taxpayers that gotten. starts to come alive. H.R. Gross sits and our GI's would also benefit because the net­ Now, H.R. 144 probably will be retired­ waits. Some days his questions come fast and work would have two channels-one for do­ like Red Grange's legendary football jersey furious. Some days he says nothnig. But mestic propaganda, the other for "Gun­ number, 77, at the University of Illinois­ he's always ready to spring into action. smoke' and 'I Love Lucy.' unless some other member of the House, with EYES ON CONSENTS "You can imagine what happened. The the same zeal for economy, takes up the To appreciate Mr. Gross' dedication to his Vietnamese took one look at the stuff on Gross cause. their channel and promptly switched over job one would have to be in the House gallery "DUTCH" WAS A COLLEAGUE on the two days each month when the House to 'Gunsmoke.' takes up the Consent Calendar. On these "Why not? Marshal Matt Dillon has been Born on a southern Iowa farm, H. R. Gross occasions flocks of bills, sometimes number­ around a lot longer than Marshal Ky.'' started out as a reporter with the old United ing in the hundreds, are called up and passed, Rep. Bo Ginn (D.-Ga.) says of his col­ Press after World War I service in France, without debate, by "unanimous consent." leagues: "Mr. Gross is more than a Congress­ moved over to the editorship of a National All the bills are presumed to be noncontro­ man. He is a one-man investigating force Farmers Union newspaper and, in 1934, signed versial-none involves expenditures of more dedicated to protecting the taxpayer's poc­ on as news director and newscaster with radio than $1 million-and attendance on the ketbook. He is scrupulous, untiring, uncom­ station WHO in Des Moines. A young sports­ House floor is sparse. But H.R. Gross is there. promising and dedicated to the public good." caster and announcer on the staff was Ron­ A single objection stalls action on a bill, And from another House Democrat, Louis­ ald "Dutch" Reagan, now Governor of Cali­ scheduling it for a second Consent Calendar iana's Rep. Otto Passman, this appraisal: fornia. appearance. Then, objections by three Con­ "Gross has slowed down the trend to so­ During his six years with WHO, Mr. Gross gressmen can force it into the regular order cialism from a run to a walk.'' was a frequent defender of the Iowa farmer. of House business where it will get more SINKING OF "FISH POND" His name became a household word across the state. attention, and from a more representative For years, the late Rep. Mike Kirwan of group of lawmakers. Ohio, a powerful Democrat, sought Congres­ In 1940, he decided to run for Governor Over the years, Mr. Gross has torpedoed sional approval to build a $10 million na­ against an incumbent Republican. But party countless bills on the Consent Calendar. If tional aquarium on the banks of the Poto­ leaders, whom he had not consulted, op­ his first objection doesn't lead a measure's mac. Every time it came up for House con­ posed him and he lost in the primary. sponsor to abandon it, Mr. Gross is sure to sideration H.R. Gross poked fun at the He went back to radio, this time in Cincin­ find two allies for the second round. And "glorified fish pond. It was never built. nati. In 1948, now living in Waterloo, Iowa, the sponsor had better be prepared to defend In the twilight of his Congressional career, he got the political itch again and ran for the bill when it comes up in the regular order Mr. Gross is deeply concerned about the fis­ Congress. And again Republican leaders op­ of business. cal posture of the country. posed him in the primary, even branding The peppery Iowan will fight to save a few "I've seen the budget pass the $100 bil­ him a "radical leftist." But he won the pri­ thousand dollars with no less vigor than he lion mark, then the $200 billion mark," he mary and went on to win the general election will challenge a multibillion-dollar appro­ says. "Now we have a $304 billion budget by 20,000 votes. Except for 1964, in the land­ priation to run a super federal agency. with a $10 billion built-in deficit. Can we slide Lyndon Johnson election (he was the Some years ago, a fellow Congressman in­ ever turn this thing around?" only one of six Iowa Republican Congressmen troduced a bill to create a special flag for The White House alone is not responsible, to survive it), Mr. Gross has easily won re­ House members-it could be used on their he points out: "Congress shares the blame election to 12 terms in the House. autos. Not much money was involved and no for this. No President can spend money that's He regrets only one of the votes he's cast one opposed the idea. Except H. A. Gross, not made available to him by Congress.'' in his quarter-century in Congress. that is. Delving into the matter, he discovered Few things rankle Mr. Gross more than "That was on the Gulf of Tonkin resolu­ that the bill's sponsor really wanted the flag supplemental appropriation bills-measures tion," he says. "I thought I smelled some­ so it could be flown on a yacht he owned. which come up near the end of each session thing. I didn't like to vote against the Pres­ Revealing this didn't do the bill much good to enlarge funds previously appropriated to ident of the United States so I voted present." on the House floor, but a single question from operate government agencies. He comments: Mr. Gross says the resolution, which paved Mr. Gross about the flag's use on cars was the way for President Johnson to broaden They [the Executive branch] bring in a the war in Viet Nam was "contrived." probably what killed the measure: bill at the beginning of the year and swear "Where would you fly the House flag, above on a stack of Bibles, 'This is it.' They know "We were very badly misled," he adds. or below the coon tail on the radiator cap?" "Mr. Johnson said Asian boys would fight !or better, because they invariably come back in Asian soil and later McNamara (former De­ Mr. Gross has been an implacable foe of a few months and ask for more." foreign a.id. Once, he told the House: fense Secretary Robert McNamara] promised "I swear I think that what we ought to do DOLEFUL ABOUT THE DEBT to bring our boys back by Christmas in 1965.'' ls pass a bill to remove the torch from the The Congressman is doleful about the fed­ hand of the Statue of Liberty and insert a eral debt, now $500 billion (interest alone is THE SIMPLE LIFE tin cup." $30 billion a year) and going up. Where, he Mr. Gross and his wife, Hazel, live a simple One day in September, 1967, he offered a is asked, will it all end? life in Washington. They avoid the capita.l's series of amendments to that year's foreign His reply: "It ends in a. takeover and re­ social scene-"I've never owned a tuxedo and aid bill. A total of $588.8' million was slashed pudiation of some form or another-revalua­ my wife has no ball gown," he says. "We as a direct consequence. tion, devaluation or outright repudiation." don't need them." Mrs. Gross often reads June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18577 government documents, marking sections partment's demands for racial quotas. It will Senator WILLIAM PROXMIRE, Democrat .she feels her husband wlll want to read. come as no surprise to most Virginians that of Wisconsin, who released the GAO re- Perhaps, in a retirement for which he has Governor Godwin has told HEW that he has port, said: · no definite plans, Mr. Gross w111 travel no intention of complying with its incredibly abroad. But if he does, it won't be In the imperious edict. The result is a double-whammy for the fashion of some of his colleagues. He has HEW stated its demand in a letter from taxpayer-who pays higher taxes and re­ long fought, unsuccessfully, to curb what Peter E. Holmes, director of its Office of Civil ceives less defense for the dollars spent. he and other critics call Congressional "jun­ Rights. As partial proof that Virginia's The Tennessean in a recent article to keting." Once, an Ohio Congressman face­ state-supported colleges and universities are tiously sponsored a resolution to create a racially unbiased, Mr. Holmes sought from the Nashville Banner in a recent edi­ committee, consisting only of H.R. Gross, to Governor Godwin a "commitment" that he torial discussed these overruns. The Ban­ inspect American foreign aid programs over­ would appoint to these institutions' boards ner in its editorial called for a careful seas. of visitors any blacks recommended by the study, "line by line" of these costs, their The resolution, of course, went nowhere­ institutions' presidents. cause and cure. and·neither did Mr. Gross. Under Virginia law, the power to appoint Because of the interest of my col­ "I just might take a trip one of these days, members of boards of visitors is vested in leagues and the American people in this but it'll be at my own expense," the Con­ the governor. The State Constitution com­ most important matter, I place the edi­ gressman explains. mands the governor to "take care that the Two signs in the Capitol Hill office of this laws be faithfully executed." Governor God­ torial and article in the RECORD here­ man who has won many battles, but never win could not surrender any part of his ap­ with: the war, in an unrelenting campaign to pointive powers and responsibilities without (From the Tennessean, June 3, 1974] eliminate wasteful government spending, violating the statutes, the Constitution and l3ILLIONS IN RUNAWAY DEFENSE COSTS­ succinctly spell out a message he has been his solemn oath of office. He is free to re­ DOUBLE WHAMMY ON JOHN Q, trying to put a.cross for 25 years: ceive recommendations from any source, in­ (By Lawrence L. Knutson) "Nothing is easier than the expenditure cluding college and university presidents, of public money. It does not appear to be­ but he cannot legally commit himself to WASHINGTON .-The Genera.I Accounting long to anybody. The temptation is over­ follow such advice. Virginia's laws on this Office says the development of 55 new weap­ whelming to bestow it on somebody." matter have not been invalidated by any ons systems has brought on cost overruns "There is always free cheese in a mouse­ court, and as long as they remain in force totaling $26.3 billion so far. trap." the governor must observe them. This fact The new estimate represents a $7 blllion Governor Godwin ma.de absolutely clear in increase during the last half of 1973 alone. his response to Mr. Holmes last week. According to the GAO figures, the original SUPREME ARROGANCE "The appointment of members of public estimates to develop the new weapons totaled boards is a statutory responslbll1ty vested $111.6 billion, but the cost is now seen as in this state's chief executive and I can­ $134.2 billion. not bind myself in advance to accept recom­ Sen. William Proxmire, D-Wis., who re­ HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. leased the congressional agency's report yes­ OF VIRGINIA mendations from whatever source they may come," the governor wrote "In short, I can­ terday, said that 13 of the 55 systems showed IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES not abdicate this responsibllity. As governor, significant dropoffs in anticipated perform­ Monday, June 10, 1974 I make appointments to boards based upon ance, while only four showed improvement. the qualifications of the individuals ap­ According to the GAO figures, costs of the . Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ pointed. To do otherwise would be contrary B-1 bomber rose by $1.67 billion. dent, the June 2 edition of the Richmond to my oath of office and compromise my Other large overruns noted were $1.43 bil­ Times-Dispatch included an excellent own conscience." lion for the F-15 and $756 million for the editorial concerning the stand taken by Governor Godwin noted that "substantial Minuteman III missile. the Governor of Virginia against an progress has been made in the last several Also Included were $417.9 million for the years in the appointments of blacks to the SAM-D missile, $349.9 million for the U'ITAS effort by the U.S. Department of Health, boards of visitors of the predominantly helicopter, $394.1 mllllon for the XM-1 tank, Education and Welfare to force him to white institutions. I made the first such ap­ and $189.7 mllllon and $91.6 million for parts relinquish part of his statutory respon­ pointment as governor in 1966." of the Airborne Warning and Central System. sibility. In the Senate, Virginia Sen. Harry F. Proxmire said the costs of building the DD Under cover of an effort to insure Byrd Jr. took the floor to inform his col­ 963 destroyer have risen from the original against alleged racial discrimination in leagues of HEW efforts to invalidate, by planning estimates of $1.8 billion to a current Virginia's institutions of higher educa­ bureaucratic decree, the state laws involved. $3.1 billion estimate. "No responsible governor could acquiesce "That ts an increase of more than 70 % tion, HEW sought to require that the In such a demand," Senator Byrd said. "I and not a single ship has been completed," Governor make a. commitment to appoint commend the governor for his sound and Proxmire said. to the colleges' board of supervisors any forthright position. And I condemn HEW He said the unit cost of each ship has risen blacks recommended by the presidents of for its demand that Virginia's governor sur­ from an estimate of $60 million to $102.6 the institutions. render his legal responsibllity for appoint­ mllllon. Gov. Mills E. Godwin rightly refused to ments." Costs also have risen sharply for develop­ make any such commitment, pointing out The frightening implications of HEW's ment of the safeguard antlballlstic missile demand should be clearly understood. system, he noted. that it would amount to a surrender of Should a bureaucratic agency succeed in The original planning estimate called for his legal responsibility for appointments. nullifying Virginia laws, it could nullify spending $4.2 billion for two sites. The new As the Times-Dispatch states in its laws in all other states. If HEW is permitted estimate ls $5.4 billion for one site. editorial, there are "frightening implica­ to exercise such awesome power, it wlll have Proxmire released the GAO survey in a tions" in the demand by HEW. If a Fed­ usurped the functions of the judiciary; and speech prepared for delivery today in the eral ag.ency should succeed in nullifying the possible consequences, for the entire na­ Senate. Virginia laws, it could take similar action tion, are horrendous. "In any other agency heads would roll and drastic changes would be made to halt the in other States. runaway costs and program failures occur­ I ask unanimous consent that the text ring dally in the Pentagon," Proxmire sald. of the editorial, "Supreme Arrogance," DEFENSE COSTS OVERRUNS One of the most distressing facts 1s that be printed in the Extensions of Remarks. AMOUNT TO $26 BILLION-A the quantity cutbacks have usually been There being no objection, the editorial "DOUBLE WHAMMY" FOR TAX­ made because of the cost over-runs," he said. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, PAYERS "The Pentagon is being forced to buy less as follows: while spending more because of its inablllty SUPREME ARROGANCE to control costs. "The result is a double whammy for the The most recent exchange of correspond­ HON. JOE L. EVINS taxpayer," Proxmire said. "He pays higher ence between Gov. Mills E. Godwin, Jr. and OF TENNESSEE taxes and receives less defense for the dollars the federal Department of Health, Educa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spent." tion and Welfare on the desegregation of Virginia colleges contains a shocking illus­ Monday, June 10, 1974 tration of the extreme lengths to which [From the Nashville Banner, June 3, 1974] HEW is wllling to go to impose its supremely Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, COST OVERRUNS: OUT THE ROOF arrogant views. In effect, HEW has asked the General Accounting Office recently There once was a movie entitled, "Who's the governor to violate his oath of office, reported that 55 new weapons systems Minding The Mint"- a comedy about some­ violate the Virginia. Constitution and violate have created more than $26 billion in one stealing $1 mllllon. the statutes of this state to satisfy the de- cost overruns. There 1s today a real-life drama., which 18578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 could be entitled. "Who's Minding The ASMT is dedicated to establishing the 1974, criticized the business community's Money"-a tragedy about someone letting highest standards of clinical laboratory weapons systems overruns pile up to a stag­ inability to reconcile its actions with ~ts gering $26.3 billion. methods and research; creating mutual words in relation to consumerism. At least, that's the case if the Pentagon understanding and cooperation between Agreeing with Esther Peterson of watchdog, U.S. Sen. William Proxmire, D­ laboratory professionals and other Giant Foods, who stated that "busin-ss Wis., is correct in figures he released. health professionals working in the in­ has failed to realize that consumerism Sen. Proxmire says the figures are from terests of individual and public health; can be used effectively as a marketing the General Accounting office and include promoting programs of continuing edu­ tool," the editors were specifically dis­ rundowns on 55 new weapons systems. cation; research and development; and mayed by the extensive lobbying con­ The original estimates were in the neigh­ advancing the ideals and principles of duct-ed by businesses against the pro­ borhood of $11L6 billion. Now the estimates the medical technology profession. have hit the $134.2 billion plateau and are posed consumer protection agency. They stlll climbing. The laboratory professional of today declared that the time has come for Not only are there monumental cost over­ is an important member of the health trade associations, corporations and runs, Sen. Proxmire said, but 13 of the sys­ care team. The time has passed when his others in the business world to recognize tems have shown significant performance findings we1·e routinely reported to the that the proposed agency "will not be dropoffs and only four showed any perform­ physician, and increasingly the labora­ giving the consumer a club to hit busi­ ance improvement. tory professional is expected to under­ ness with, but rather a voice to protest In one instance the DD 963 destroyer pro­ stand the clinical significance of his find­ and seek an end to whatever shoddiness, gram costs have risen from planning esti­ ings and correlate them with other sec­ deceits or injuries he has been inflicted mates of $1.8 billion to a current $3.1 billion, In with." an increase of 70 per cent. The unit cost has tions of the laboratory. short, many gone from $60 million to $102.6 million. laboratory professionals are rapidly The need for fairness in the market­ The B-1 bomber rose by $1.67 billion; the moving away from the benchworker place is clearly expressed in this editorifiJ F-15 aircraft by $1.43 billion; the Minuteman concept of yesterday and actively par­ and I commend it to all our colleagues. m missile by $756 million; the SAM-D mis­ ticipating in decision and policymaking The editorial follows: sile by $417.9 million; t.he UTTAS helicopter within the clinical laboratory. FAmNESS FOR THE CONSUMER by $349.9 million; the XM-1 tank by $394.1 Clinical laboratory science has ex­ Barring a presidential veto or a filibuster, million; and parts of the Airborne Warning panded tremendouslly during the last it now appears as if the five year legislative and Central System by $189.7 million and few years, and the number of clinical struggle on behalf of the proposed consumer $91.6 million. laboratory tests and resultant :findings protection agency will soon be ended. The And costs for developing the Safeguard Senate Government Operations Committee antiballistlc missile system have skyrocketed will greatly increase dwing the coming recently appproved a version of the bill by a from $4.2 billion for two sites to $5.4 billion decade. Today's laboratory professionals vote of 9 to 3, and earlier it passed the House for one site. hold the key to quality performance in by 293 to 94. The general purpose of the con­ "In any other agency," said Sen. Proxmire the modern clinical laboratory. They sumer protection agency would be to act as in releasing the figures in a speech on the must be prepared, through both inten­ the consumer advocate before other federal floor of the U.S. Senate today, "heads would sive academic education and clinical agencies. It would have no direct regulatory roll and drastic changes would be made to training, to carry out responsibilities powers over industry. In effect, the agency halt the runaway costs and program failures would be a way of achieving the kind of occurring dally in the Pentagon. which involve the very preservation of fairness that has long been absent from the "One of the most distressing facts 1s that human life itself. Additionally, in order marketplace and that parts of the business the quantity cutbacks have usually been to maintain the necessary competence community have been unwilling to assert made because of the cost overruns. The Pen­ that assures quality patient care, ongo­ voluntarily. The agency will not be giving tagon is being forced to buy less while spend­ ing professional involvement and con­ the consumer a club to hit business with, ing more because of its inability to control tiiming education are vital. but rather a voice to protest and seek an end costs. With a broad background in basic sci­ to whatever shoddiness, deceits or injuries "The result is a double-whammy for the ence the laboratory professional must be he has been inflicted with. taxpayer. He pays higher taxes and receives What is noteworthy about this legislation­ less defense for the dollars spent." fully prepared to carry out sophisticated aside from the strong congressional support It is pretty good proof that, in the name laboratory procedures which involve mi­ it enjoys-is the continued opposition from of national defense, any cost 1s Justified, even crobiology, chemistry, serology, hema­ a number of business lobbies. Severa.I trade if it means exorbitant expense to the tax­ tology, and parasitology. The age of au­ associations, as well as corporations. see the payer. A close look at the figures revealed tomation has brought to the clinical lab­ agency as one more horror that beleaguered by Sen. Proxmire is in order, to say the least. oratory both speed and precision which businessmen must endure. Such an attitude In fact, it is no less than imperative for the were unheard of just a few short years is not new, but in light of recent pro-con­ Senate to study, line-by-line, these costs, ago. To the laboratory professional, the sumer statements from the heart of the their cause and cure. business community itself it takes on a new advent of automation in the laboratory layer of stubbornness. In the current Har­ has required the learning of new skills in­ vard Business Review. for example, F.sther volving sophisticated instrumentation, Peterson of Giant Foods writes in "Con­ including the use of computers. Because sumerism as a Retailer's Asset": "Since the ASMT PROVIDES VALUABLE modern laboratory professionals may emergence of the present-day form of public SERVICE work in any number of different labora­ advocacy that we know as 'consumerism,' the business community has tended to regard it tory settings, ranging from a hospital or as an irritant. But my experience in the HON. BILL ARCHER public health laboratory to a pharma­ White House and on Capitol mu showed me OF TEXAS ceutical company, they are always at the that business has failed to realize that con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES center of the problem and fully prepared sumerism can be used effectively as a mar­ to contribute to its resolution. keting tool." Mrs. Peterson goes on to say Monday, June 10, 1974 As ASMT members participate in their that during the :first full year of Giant's con­ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, "Pro annual meeting, it is well to recall that sumer program the company set records in the strength of any profession rests with both sales and earnings and t,hat "the im­ Bono Publico"-for the good of the pub­ pact of the new consumer program ls thought lic-is a most apt description of the serv­ individual members who become astute to have played a substantial part in achiev­ ices rendered by those engaged in the and active participants in the develop­ ing those results." practice of medical technology. There­ ment of professional standards and prac­ The point Mr. Peterson makes is not that fore, it is appropriate that this theme tice "Pro Bono Publico." businessmen should suddenly turn pro-con­ should be selected for the American So­ sumer because such a stance will be a pro:fit­ ciety for Medical Technology's 42d year making gimmick-the substance of a com­ of professional activity to be commemo­ FAIRNESS FOR THE CONSUMER mitment must be present also, as Giant has rated at its annual meeting in New shown in many areas-but that disaster does Orleans, June 23-28. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL not automatically befall a company that The American Society for Medical seeks to level with consumers. This was much OP NEW YORK the thought last September when Edward B. Technology-ASMT-the only national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rust, president of the U.S. Chamber of Com­ professional organization located in Monday, June 10, 1974 merce, said in a speech that Ralph Nader Bellaire, a suburb of Houston, Tex.. has and his style of consumerism were not the over 20,000 members engaged in the Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the enemy. "If we look at the record, I think we practice of clinical laboratory science. Washington Post, in an editorial June 6, will see a clean community of interest that June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18579 Nader has with American business. The whole But more than that, Mr. Speaker, this will be prevented from traveling the point of Nader-so obvious that it is of.ten bill approaches the litter problem from estuaries leading to the ports upstream overlooked-in his single-minded dedication the wrong end. Let us enforce laws and, therefore, resulting in a serious fi­ to making the free-enterprise system work as it's supposed to-to make marketplace against littering, not ban the things that nancial loss to our economy. realities of the very virtues that businessmen are littered. Explicitly, to begin with, there have ascribe to the system." Let us build on the excellent progress been no improvements made to the Army Lobbying against the proposed consumer being made in the field of recycling and Corps of Engineers fleet of 16 ocean­ protection agency will no doubt persist until reuse of glass products. going hopper dredges since a congres­ final enactment. But it is a lobbying effort My purpose today is simply to alert the sional constraint was imposed on the ac­ that no longer moves with a solid front. Too promoters of this type of "ban the quisition and modernization of such many voices of reason-such as that of bottle" thinking that even if the measure equipment in 1968. This situation, in Esther Peterson, who strongly supports the bill even though her own company has res­ referred to passes the other body, it faces turn, has had a serious impact on ship­ ervations about it--are speaking out to ex­ the toughest opposition here in the House ping and trading, both in my home area plain that marketplace fairness should not of Representatives where I, for one, am and nationwide. "Southwest" and be feared but embraced. determined it will never pass. "South" Passes are the gateways to the Ports of New Orleans and Baton Rouge, the ~ation's No. 2 and No. 4 ports, re­ spectively, and both ports are entirely SANDMAN TO OPPOSE BAN ON PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE TO BE · dependent upon timely and adequate NONRETURNABLES COMMENDED BUT MORE PROTEC­ dredging of these passes to provide access TION NEEDED FOR LOUISIANA to the gulf. However, in only 1 year, 1972, HON. CHARLES W. SANDMAN AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY out of the past 5, has full project depth been maintained by the Corps of Engi­ OF NEW JERSEY neers at Southwest Pass for the entire IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. LINDY BOGGS OF LOUISIANA high-water season. In other years, the Monday, June 10, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ports upstream depended upon dredging Mr. SANDMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to activity to insure vessel passage. Statis­ emphasize my vehement opposition to Monday, June 10, 1974 tics indicate, however, that they were not proposed legislation that would ban Mrs. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I am al ways successful. interstate shipment of nonreturnable pleased to have this opportunity to com­ During the period of restricted chan­ beverage containers, require a deposit mend the Public Works Committee for nel depth in 1973, for instance, a study on all bottles and canned beverages, and their diligent efforts in formulating the was made of 46 grain-carrying vessels outlaw the sale of cans with detachable fiscal 1975 appropriations bill that was which were capable of loading to 40 feet openers. so overwhelmingly supported by the full or more, but were limited by pass condi­ Specifically, I refer to S. 2062, a meas­ House on June 6. I think the highly tions. This study revealed that, as a re­ ure introduced in the other House of favorable vote reflects the desire of Con­ sult, approximately 470,000 tons of grain Congress by the distinguished Senator gress to assume an active role in provid­ were shortloaded-470,000 tons that were from Oregon (Mr. HATFIELD). Hearings ing needed services for the people of our detained from the world market and were held recently before the Senate country, while also helping to bolster the valued at some $82 million. Commerce Subcommittee on Environ­ economy of the Nation. These figures indicate that the shoal­ ment. In particular, I would like to single out ing difficulty at the mouth of the Missis­ First of all, Mr. Speaker, we can all those sections of the bill pertaining to sippi is not simply a local problem with agree that the goal of eliminating litter Mississippi River flood control projects local ramifications. Indeed, it is a prob­ .and pollution is a desirable one. I do and activities. As indicated by the com­ lem whose deleterious effects reach not like to see cans and bottles and other mittee report, an estimated $15 billion in around the world when you consider refuse strewn along highways and flood damages have recently been averted these facts about the Port of New dumped in our rivers and waterways any­ due to projects completed by the Army Orleans; it is the No. 1 grain export port more than anyone else Corps of Engineers in the Mississippi in the world, thereby handling some 40 But the problem is not with the non­ Valley. Numbers alone, however, will percent of the Nation's grain; it is the returnable products, it is with the peo­ never reflect the importance of these No. 2 port in the United States; and the ple who litter them. The real solution projects to area residents. No. 3 port in the world with a value of to litter is education, and stricter en­ At this time, I would like to request foreign commerce totaling over $5 billion forcement of antilitter laws. that an additional recommendation be a year. Sure, litter is a problem. But so is made by the Public Works Committee in It should also be noted that the ratio arson. Nobody suggests that the solution order to better protect and serve the of exports to imports for foreign trade to the arson problem is to ban matches. Louisiana and Mississippi River Valley. at the Port of New Orleans is 1¥2 to 1 One of the biggest single items of litter As the committee report suggests, the thereby providing a boost to the Nation'; along America's streets and highways is committee will reconsider its decision to balance of payments. the newspaper, but nobody is suggesting maintain a moratorium previously im­ However, if the hopper dredge con­ that we pass a law to require a 10-cent posed upon the modification and upgrad­ struction moratolium is not lifted im­ deposit on every newspaper. ing of "hopper" dredges upon completion mediately, and the Army Corps of En­ The fuzzy thinking behind this bill of a dredge study currently in progress. gineers is not allowed modern and effi­ (S. 2062) is the same as was in evidence I hope that the moratorium can be lifted cient hopper dredges in the afflicted in 1972 when a similar measure appeared as expeditiously as possible. This machin­ areas, the Ports of New Orleans and in the New Jersey Legislature. I led the ery is urgently needed today by the Corps Baton Rouge will no longer be able to opposition to that measure as public of Engineers if the waterways of the maintain their current levels of activ­ hearings at the State capitol in Trenton. Mississippi River are to be maintained. ity. In turn, th¢ U.S. position in world The bill was defeated. As we all know, we, at the very mouth commerce will be adversely affected. My interest in this legislation, I must of the river, have the problem of taking In light of the foregoing, it is my admit, is more than ordinary, since my care of the water and silt that comes fervent hope that the comprehensive congressional district is the location of down the Mississippi from the heart of dredge study report can be expedited some of the major glass products indus­ America but, without the proper facili­ and the moratorium restricting the up· tries in the Nation. ties, we cannot meet our responsibilities. grading and modernization of hopper The nonreturnable bottle accounts for To heighten the difficulty, unusually dredges lifted as soon as possible. The a tremendous amount of employment in severe flood levels and other environ­ continued vitality of two of our country's southern New Jersey, so the Hatfield bill mental conditions have been such that, major ports, as well as the economy of would have a disastrous effect on my unless more thorough dredging can be both the State of Louisiana and the Na­ district. accomplished, large oceangoing vessels tion, depends upon such ac,tion. 18580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 DESEGREGATION ENDANGERED officials by requiring evidence that children have introduced to deal with the situa­ a.re "excluded" from any school because of tion. race (effectively legitimating voluntary open enrollment policies as desegregation.) Part Ifollows: HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL The House bill also contains an Ashbrook THE BA y BEGINS To FEEL ll.IAN's PRESSURES OF NEW YORX Amendment, prohibiting use of any federal (By Woody West) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES funds for busing for desegregation. This (NOTE.-This is the first of a four-part se­ would further hamper state and local school Monday, June 10, 1974 ries on the Chesapeake Bay, the forces which administration by preventing localities from threaten it and its future relative to the mil­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, on Wed­ voluntarily requesting federal Emergency lions of people in this area who depend upon nesday, June 5, in an act of political ap­ School Aid funds for this purpose. it for work and pleasure. Today: The roOl.mt­ peasement, the House instructed its con­ The senate bill does not contain the court­ ing human and natm·al pressures on the order-reopening and the "exclusion" provi­ Bay.) ferees to defend the language of the Esch sions, and includes a disclaimer recognizing "Heaven and earth never agreed better to amendment to the Elementary and Sec­ the authority of U.S. Courts to enforce the frame a place for man's habitation," wrote ondary Education Act. I deplore this ac­ Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Capt. John Smith after his explorations of tion for I believe the amendment is un­ U.S. Constitution. While we regret that the the Chesapeake Bay in 1607 and 1608. co~titutional. Certainly, if enacted, it Senate adopted any additional anti-busing "Here are mountains, hills, plaines, valleys, will encourage defiance of the Constitu­ amendments, these are at least explicitly de­ rivers and brookes, all running most pleas­ signed to allow states and local school dis­ antly into a faire Bay," wrote Smith, "com­ tion. tricts recourse to Constitutional remedies. passed but for the mouth, with fruitful and Schools must be desegregated, and bus­ State and local school officials would be un­ delightsome land." ing is a means to that constitutionally duly hampered in their ability to provide More than 350 years after Capt. Smith and mandated end. I regret that many politi­ equal educational opportunity under the his few companions pushed out from James­ cians, in-eluding the President !)f the House anti-busing provisions, and we urge town to learn what they could of this en­ United States. have chosen to marupulate the Conferees to adopt the more moderate trancing new land, his description yet ap­ public feeling on the misunderstood bus­ Senate language. plies. BYRON W. HANSFORD, It is a "faire Bay" and a "delightsome ing issue. For busing is not the issue, ex­ Executive Secretary, Council of Chief land," though the millions who followed cept insofar as the opponents of desegre­ State School Officers. Smith have gouged and fashioned the land gation make it the battleground. PAUL B. SALMON, and water to their own purposes, as to those I am determined to fight for integra­ Executive Secretary, American Asso­ of us-more than 8 million people-who have tion. Many of the opponents of busing are ciation of School Administrators. settled around the Bay and along its twist­ opponents of true racial and educational ing tributaries. equality. But for those of my colleagues The Chesapeake and its land have, in the who support antibusing measures for main, tolerated man's intrusions and per­ OUR BELEAGUERED CHESAPEAKE turbations. Even more, the Bay has lent it­ purely political reasons, or because they self to man's diverse purposes and visions. mistakenly believe that a majority of BAY-PART I But it cannot continue to do so indefi­ blacks, teachers, or concerned educators nitely, The Chesapeake Bay is not a fragile oppose busing to achieve desegregation, HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN system, but it is sensitive. It is time now--critically so, say those who I would like to call their attention to the OF MARYLAND following letter from the June 3 Wash­ study the Bay and its awesome sweep-for ington Post. It indicates that a signifi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the decisions to be ma.de that will determine Monday, June 10, 1974 how this massive resource will be used--or cant sector of the educational commu­ abused-in future decades. nity believes busing is necessary to Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, it bas been Dr. L. Eugene Cronin, director of the Uni­ achieve the constitutionally defined goal my privilege to spend nearly all of my versity of Maryland's Natural Resources In­ of equal education for all American life in the Cheaspeake Bay country, and stitute and a leading scientist in Bay affairs, citizens: today I am proud to represent a con­ in an interview called the Chesapeake the ANTIBUSING AMENDMENTS "crown jewel" of estuaries. gressional district which contains the He and other prominent scientists are in As the executive secretaries of the Amer­ greater share of the bay itself. I have agreement that the Bay today is, by and ican Association of School Administrators, expressed concern, as many have, over large, a healthy body. But it is increasingly comprising 21.000 of the nation's school ad­ the future of the bay and the many apparent, they emphasize, that the demands ministrators, and the Counsel of Chief State threats posed to it by both man and nat­ which an elbow-to-elbow urban mass is School Officers, the state superintendents and making upon parts of the Bay and its tribu­ commissioners of education, we believe that ure and earlier I introduced House Joint Resolution 979 to create an inter­ taries are creating dangerous pressures. the anti-busing amendments to the pending These, if unchecked, sloppily managed or House-Senate elementary and secondary edu­ state compact to deal with these prob­ 111 understood, have the potential to inflict cation legislation interfere with state con­ lems, together with 16 cosponsors from major environmental damage on the Chesa­ stitutional responsibilities and local control Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware. peake and its well watered lands. of schools. We urge the conferees to adopt But it is not always easy to create a "These are sick spots, indications of trou­ the more moderate senate version. general awareness of the need for such ble for the future," said Cronin, "but the One House provision, the Esch Amendment, Bay is very productive, still enormously val­ would make the maintenance of an undefined action, and thus I was pleased to see an excellent four-part series on the bay uable for all its principal users. All of it, in "neighborhood school" national policy, thus general, is in good shape today." interfering with local control and hampering and its problems published last week in Dr. Donald w. Pritchard, for a quarter of the efforts of almost every state to establish the Washington Star-News, authored by a century the director of the respected Johns school districts and for modern programs. staff writer Woody West. Hopkins University's Chesapeake Bay Insti­ Local school officials require flexibility in the Today, I offer for the RECORD part I tute, concurs. "Man's impact so far has been assignment and transportation of students of this series, in which Mr. West details on the peripheral reaches of the Bay for the to schools of different types to maximize op­ some of the man-made problems which most part," he said. "The effected areas are portunity. Specialized curriculum programs plague the bay. He notes that "the bay small compared to the large expanses of the and equalization of community support for Bay." school facilities across neighborhood lines has today is, by and large, a healthy body." Dr. William J. Hargis Jr., director of the historically required reassignment and trans­ But he goes on to quote several promi­ Virginia Institute of Marine Science in portation of pupils; more than 40% of all nent scientists from Maryland and Vir­ Gloucester, observed, "The Bay proper, from U.S. public school children ride buses dally. ginia as believing that "the demands Annapolis down, is not in bad shape and, The amendment's encouragement for the re­ which an elbow-to-elbow urban mass even above, it's still in fairly recent shape. opening of desegregation court orders would But there are significant problems in certain create chaos in thousands of districts which is making upon parts of the bay and its areas. The tributaries are in the worst con­ have completed a painful process of desegre­ tributaries are creating dangerous pres­ dition." gation in accordance with national policy. sures." Cronin, Pritchard and Hargis, considered We also believe that this amendment I commend Mr. West's detailed recita­ to be among the most knowledgeable scien­ would subvert the existing policy of the tists and observers of the Bay, are not san­ United States to desegregate schools by (1) tion of threats to the bay's health to the guine. There must be better management, trying to Um.it desegregation action by the Members of this House, and hope that based on more precise scientific data, and it legalistic use of the terms "dual school sys­ it will help inspire prompt action by the must be put to work by those with responsi­ tems" and "unitary school systems," and (2) Judiciary Committee in the near future bilities for controlling the widely diverse uses. placing additional burden of proof on school on House Joint Resolution 979 which I And both these functions must be supported June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18581 by a public concern far more sophisticated iron and coal, petroleum and manufactured Association of Counties, and the National than at present. goods. Association of Regional Councils. They "Science and management,"said Hargis, Clogging of shipping channels and of ma­ are printed below, along with ~xplana­ "are not keeping pace with the increase in rinas must be combatted constantly if com­ pressures. Management is not supported merce is to be maintained at its high levels. tions. adequately and just isn't able to respond to What then is to be done with the spoilage In addition, there will be offered an changing needs." and debris from dredging, containing as it amendment seeking to strike section An intense man now in his 11th year as does concentrations of heavy metals---copper 108(d) (2) which could be read as au­ head of the Marine Science Institute, Hargis, and lead, zinc and mercury? thorizing the Secretary of the Interior to like his colleagues, foresees a brighter chance For years, much of the dredged waste impose on a State a Federal determina­ for the Bay. was dumped promiscuously in nearby tidal tion that an area is one of critical en­ "There is more specific information about areas-the vital wet lands. There, it would the Bay than ever before," he said. "There is destroy the essential nursery and spawning vironmental concern of more than state­ probably more scientific effort under way areas for many species of fish and shellfish wide significance. than on any comparable body of water." and destroy the vegetation that is a key The "local government amendments" But Hargis wonders about what sort of link in the Bay's food chain. are as follows: headway he and his colleagues are making. Interest conflicts with interest, use with A M ENDMENT No, 1 "We're farther upstream than we were," use. Page 27, after line 2, add the following he said, "but we aren't gaining." Choices must be made, choices which will new subsect ion (c): Both man and nature make formidable de­ invariably infringe on others, each of which "The authority to manage and regulate mands on the Chesapeake and its tributaries. will be considered as the most necessary by the use of non-Federal land rests with the It is a relationship of intricate interdepend­ one group or another. several states and their political subdivisions, ence, one far from fully understood. What There is a human tendency to look at a and that general purpose local governments is known, however, is that each benefit poses phenomenon as imposing as the Chesapeake should continue to have the responsibility a compensatory difficulty. Bay with a pinched perspective, reflecting for land use decisions which have no signifi­ Each day, 1,260 million gallons of water the narrow vision of each individual's special cant effect outside their jurisdictions." are taken from the system to provide a huge interest. daily gulp of some 100 gallons per person. To the boater, the Chesapeake represents EXPLANATION The disposal of domestic waste&-by con­ one of the finest cruising grounds in this To clarify the Congress' findings that this sensus, the most critical problem in the Bay country. To the waterman, the Bay is a bill does not require nor encourage federal area-requires extraordinary investment for bountiful, if often perverse, treasure, sup­ zoning or land use on non-federal lands, and treatment facilities that even in their tech­ porting the second largest fishing industry in further that general purpose local govern­ nology produce changes that can affect the the country. To the suburban dweller, it is ments should continue to make land use de­ biota-the body of plant and animal life. an opportunity to stretch his concrete­ cisions that have no significant affect out ­ It takes no special alertness to see, and to cramped soul. side their jurisdictions. This is consistent smell, the noxious mats of blue-green algae To the industrialist, it is a highway of wit n the premise of the legislation that all that spread dismally across portions of the matchless convenience and strategic loca­ land uses are presumed to be of local signif­ Potomac River and other Upper Bay tribu­ tion, and to the sports fisherman-a boom­ icance unless explicitly determined, through taries during the blistering months of ingly popular species, spawned by the in­ the land use planning process, to be of more summer. The exotic aquatic growths are crease in leisure and the growth of affluence than local significance; in other words, all abetted in their unnatural proliferation by the Chesapeake is a bonanza of striped bass land uses are excluded unless specifically in­ high concentrations of nutrients in effluent. and perch and bluefish, croaker and spot and cluded. The algae, in insidious progression, can flounder. To the developer, it is sites for This amendment is a new Sec. lOl(c). It smother other forms of life by monopolizing waterfront villages and second-home com­ goes to both the issue of federal control and the supply of oxygen, leading, in extreme munities. state-local government relations, cases, to fish kills, for example. High bac­ These limited, if understandable, perspec­ terial counts, from inefficiently treated tives will not in insulation lend themselves AMENDMENT No. 2 wastes, can have devastating effects on the to careful management of the Bay--on this Section 106(b), page 37, line 25, insert be­ harvest of shellfish. Thousands of acres in there is unanimous agreement among scien­ the bay tributaries now are barred for oyster tists, conservationists, administrators, and fore the word "states" the following sen­ and clam harvests. tence: specialists who seldom can find unanimity "The allocation of responsibility between Sedimentation illustrates a natural pres­ Dr. Frank S. L. Williamson, director of the sure that is heightened by man's activities. Smithsonian Institution's Chesapeake Bay the state government and its political sub­ The runoff from the land is a wholly natural Center for Environmental Studies in Edge­ divisions for the development and implemen­ phenomenon, surface matter carried by water, Md., gives a graphic possibility if the tation of the state land use planning proc­ rains and by winds to the water. Indeed, say irrational overwhelms the reasoned. ess shall be determined by state law." geologists, even though men had never "It's conceivable," be said, "that over the EXPLANATION perched along the Bay, sedimentation and years the Bay could be reduced to a mono Since it is assumed that in most if not all siltation from runoff would, in a matter culture but still be as good as a major ship cases it will require state legislation to im­ of some centuries, have filled in the Chesa­ channel and a sink for wastes as it is now. plement this Act, this sentence clarifies the peake. And it might look as charming as it now fact that each state, through its legislature, But man, bravely raising his proud struc­ does. will decide what balance will be struck with tures with beaver energy, vastly aggravates "People still haven't recognized that local government. The remaining language the process. The Maryland Department of there's such a thing as a non-renewable re­ of 106(b) encourages states to utilize general Natural Resources estimates that forested source." purpose local governments to implement. lands lose up to 100 tons of sediment per It square mile each year. is not uncommon AMENDMENT No. 3 the agency goes on, for a typical suburban construction site to contribute as much as AMENDMENTS TO H.R. 10294 Page 39, line 20, delete "or". 200 tons of silt per year. Page 40, line 2, delete the "," and insert There are two results: Streams and inlets "; or" and add the following new paragraph: are constricted, often blocked. Witness HON. JAMES G. MARTIN "(5) require or encourage States to inter­ cede in land use decisions of purely local Bladensburg and Port Tobacco in Maryland, OF NORTH CAROLINA which, in colonial years, were bustling sea­ concern." ports. Today, their channels, filled with silt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXPLANATION from lands hardly disturbed by man two Monday, June 10, 1974 This amendment would make explicit that centuries ago, are barely ports for small nothing in title I, Assistance to States, re­ pleasure boats. Mr. MARTIN of North Carolina. Mr. quires or encourages the states to review all In addition, the runoff now includes bale­ Speaker, when H.R. 10294, the Land Use land use decisions nor intercede ln local gov­ ful materials-pesticides from agricultural Planning Act of 1974, is considered by ernment land use actions that are of purely methods that have significantly increased the House of Representatives, I will of­ local concern. This amendment reiterates yields per acre but that in concentration f er a series of five amendments to that the purpose of the bill 1s to affect only: can be toxic to the environment. And the strengthen the role of local governments those land uses and crltical areas of more runoff from storm drainage in urban areas than local significance. carries varieties of other chemicals and s•.1ch in the planning and decisionmaking This amendment has been incorporated high-bacteria elements as animal feces. process. in Sec. 105(d). Add another complication: Seaborne com­ The amendments are supported by the merce on the Bay, with the ports of Balti­ national associations of local govern­ AMENDMENT No. 4: more and Norfolk accounting for the bUlk, ments: the National League of Cities­ Page 92 after line 17, add a new subsection is worth well over $100 million a year in U.S. Conference of Mayors, the National (g) to Sec. 411: 18582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10', 1974 "(g) as preventing or delaying any State on comfortable terms with power than wrought almost equal havoc on their trade. or local government from receiving any fed­ with serving truth. Ms. McGrory sug­ They have smashed the comfortable notion eral financial assistance to which it other­ gests the reason the now-famous team of Ca.pita.I journalism, with its heavy stress wise would be entitled prior to a finding, on contacts, confidences and membership in pursuant to Section 108 of this Act, that the of Woodward and Bernstein were so the Gridiron Club. Properly practiced, it's State has established and is implementing a successful is that, at the time they did shoeleather, sweat and scramble. comprehensive land use planning process." their serious work, they were nobodies. For them it was knocking on doors of They had not experienced the pleasures frightened Nixon campaign nobodies in the EXPLANATION of association with the powerful; there­ middle of the night, jumping into cabs with This amendment would make explicit that fore, they felt no need to avoid ruffling crooked lawyers, badgering the FBI. nothing in the act shall be construed to pre­ feathers. Where more eminent reporters They had one highly placed source, in the vent or delay a state or local government executive branch, a curious cryptic fellow from continuing to receive federal funding would have accepted comfortable eva­ dubbed "Deep Throat." Woodward set great pending the completion of the land use plan­ sions to comfortable questions, Wood­ store by him, met him in an underground ning process. A state has three years in which ward and Bernstein persisted-and garage at 3 in the morning. But he sounds to establish and administer a comprehensive found answers that astonished everyone, like one of their editors. "Go back,'' he says land use planning process, during which time including themselves. to the hollow-eyed Woodward. "Dig deeper." the normal governmental process should not I suggest there is a lesson for the Con­ They dug, like day-laborers. The early leads grind to a halt. Neither a federal agency or were wispy: A whispered "CIA" from burglar a state should use the incomplete land use gress as well as for the press here: a question deserves a straight answer. If James McCord in a courtroom; an entry in planning process as an excuse to impede another burglar's notebook about "Whse­ otherwise eligible projects. we do not get one from an administration Howard Hunt." Woodward tracks him down. official, we can presume he is hiding "Good God,'' says Hunt, and they a.re off. AMENDMENT No. 5 something, and if we let him get away Bernstein finds a check in a Florida state's Page 94, lines 14-19, strike out lines 14 with it, we are not doing our job. attorney office that puts them on the trail through 19 inclusive and insert in lieu there­ I insert Ms. McGrory's column, titled of vast caches of tainted political money. of the following: "Don't Be Nice to Power," in the RECORD The White House lies, denies, fulinina.tes. "(d) The term "general purpose local at this point: The reporters make mistakes. They press and government" means any general unit of local guess too hard, play games and write a bum­ government as defined by the Bureau of the DON'T BE NICE TO POWER mer about H. R. Haldeman. They get des­ Census." (By Mary McGrory) ~era te-and dirty-and try to quiz grand EXPLANATION My favorite passage in "All the President's Jury members. But they "hang tough" and when the dam begins to burst and the field The primary purpose of this amendment Men" (Simon & Schuster; $8.95) by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward is a little off gets crowded, they jump out front a.gain would be to bring the definition of "general with the first story that the prosecutors are purpose local government" into conformity the theme-which is how a pair of engaging young Washington Post reporters, who didn't sniffing around the Oval Office. with the terms used by the Bureau of the . It's a great story, even now suspenseful, Census, the Office of Revenue Sharing, and know their place, uncovered a president. It is an account of. Woodward's encounter, hvely, fast-paced, and profane. It isn't over, the OMB Circular A-95. The definition used yet, but here we see how it all began. And in the blll would cause confusion over a by phone, with Henry Kissinger and it illus­ trates as well as anything else why they got as Watergate brought us back to the first widely used term requiring precise and uni­ principles of democracy, "All the President's form definition. the Watergate story while older, presumably wiser, heads flunked out. Men" briD:gs us back to the first principles The Bureau of the Census classified local of Journahsm: Ask, go back, be nice to peo­ governments by the following five types: Armed with information from the FBI that Kissinger, then in the White House, had ple, but not to power. Counties, townships, municipalities, special Even those colleagues most discounte­ districts and school districts. Of these, only personally authorized several wiretaps, Woodward simply asked him. nanced by their feats will have to admit that counties, townships, and municipalities are Woodward and Bernstein have brought back included as "general units of local govern­ "I don't believe that it was true,'' Kissinger replied guardedly. to the "writing press" a full measure of power ment." and glory. It is an honorable calling. The term "general purpose local govern­ "Almost never,'' he said a sentence later. ment" is used for identifying implementation Woodward pointed out that "alinost never" authority (shared with the State) for eligi­ could mean "sometime" and inquired if Kis­ bility on the Intergovernmental Advisory singer was confirming the story. Council. These are basic governmental func­ "I don't have to submit to police interro­ SAFETY AT SUMMER CAMP tions and should be exercised by elected local gation,'' sputtered the darling of the rest officials. "Local governments, including gen­ of the Washington press corps. eral purpose local governments, are provided Did you do it? Woodward asked. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL for throughout the bill, requiring their sub­ When Kissinger discovered that Woodward OF NEW YORK intended to quote him, Kissinger blew up. stantial and meaningful involvement." Fur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thermore, the State could chose to delegate "In five years in Washington I've never been its implementation authority to a special trapped into talking like this." Monday, June 10, 1974 district or other agency of the State. Of course he hadn't. Inevitably, Kissinger called the Post's diplomatic reporter and Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, this executive editor to complain bitterly. The week my colleagues on the Select Labor story was not run, and the Post the next Subcommittee ':":'ill conclude hearings on THEFAILUREOFTHENEWS day was, for once, beaten on a Watergate af­ youth camp safety. The testimony of­ fair. But the point is not that the Post de­ fered has been informative and at times MEDIA ferred to Kisslnger, because it was lionheart­ heart rending; for parents sending their ed in lt.s support of its two young tigers. The point is that officials get away with murder children off to camp this season it has HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT because so many reporters would rather call been important. OF CALIFORNIA Kissinger "Henry" than find out what he ls Witnesses such as Dr. Glenn Haughie IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up to. and Mrs. Mitchell Kurman, who testi­ Woodward and Bernstein, thank heaven, fied in Bear Mountain, N.Y., last Friday, Monday, June 10, 1974 didn't know the rules. They should not even retold their tragic stories of personal Mr. LEGGET!'. Mr. Speaker, the news have been on Watergate, which turned out, loss once more, in an effort to persuade media have taken a considerable amount thanks to their efforts, to be the political saga. of the century. Woodward, 29, was a Congress and the public that there is a of criticism on the Watergate and related loca.1 reporter, Bernstein, 28, on Virginia. poli­ very definite need for Federal camp scandals. Most of this has taken the form tics. But the June 17, 1972, break-in was, at safety regulations. The deaths of their of self-serving attempts to distract at­ first blush, a police story, and they were children in camping accidents attest tention by blaming the bearer of evil tid­ hungry-and available. to that need. ings, and does not deserve serious con­ When John Mitchell quit July l, Wood­ As a parent and a concerned member sideration. ward respectfully sought expert counsel. Na­ of Congress, I feel strongly that the However, as colunmist Mary McGrory tional reporters assured him the resignation "Youth Camp Safety Act," H.R. 1486, was "unconnected with Watergate." But the pointed out in the Washington Star­ metropolitan editor, another stranger to the must be passed this year. The legislation News of July 2, 1973, there are many stratosphere, said, "A man like John Mitchell has been the subject of deliberation for occasions when the press simply does doesn't give up all that power for his wife." 8 years-any further delay would not not do its job, when famous and eminent What the two-man Viet Cong did to only be pointless but tragic. rePorters are more concerned with being Richard Nixon is visibly cosmic. They have A 1972 HEW survey, which covered June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18583 less than a third of the Nation's 10,000- quoted are 250,000 annual injuries, many of points to Federal laws that protect wild ani­ 1,223 them minor, and 92 annual fatalities--out of mals. And Mr. Daniels points to the recent plus camps, revealed J5 deaths, a total number of campers estimated to be as Occupational Safety and Health Act, which serious illnesses, and 1,448 injuries as­ high as 10-million. orders camps to make working conditions sociated with camping that summer. The Although the percentage of total injuries safe for counselors and other employes. They survey adds t:1at effective data gathering may be small-and many camps have are both dismayed by the fact that while ani­ would reveal considerably higher fig­ deservedly high reputations for safety-it is mals and workers are protected, children are ures. It also revealed that a quarter of little consolation to Dr. Haughie, who won­ not. a million children are involved in serious ders how the camp entrusted with the care of Meanwhile, what can a parent do to be · camping accidents each season. his child could have been so misguided as reasonably sure that his child is attending a to use that campsite by the cliff and why his safe camp? Conversations with Government Most camps have the hidden capacity child's counselor wasn't trained better. officials, the Kurmans and others lead to the for enormous danger, and parents are He thinks that additional legislation, even following recommendations. in no position to monitor safety condi­ if it cannot outlaw all accidents or all ignor­ It makes sense to visit the camp {frequently tions after they leave their children at ance, will at least make camps and counselors parents do not, relying on brochures and camp. more safety conscious. ads-and Mr. Daniels charges that there is It is of little reassurance to parents THORN IN INDUSTRY'S SIDE "often a credibility gap between camp litera­ that only six States have adequate youth Another father who lost a son is Mitchell ture and the actual facts") . camp safety regulations. The Youth Kurman, a traveling furniture salesman who A visit allows a parent to see first-hand, Camp Safety Act w:mld not only help lives in Westport, Conn. In 1955, as he tells where the swimming area is situated (is it it, his son David, 15 years old, was permitted too close to rocky areas or boating lanes?) establish effective standards but also and whether the camp vehicles and other provide the States with the financial and by his Y.M.C.A. counselor to canoe in a Maine river that was known to be treacherous. His equipment seem in good repair. It allows an technical assistance to see that they are counselor's canoe overturned. So did David's. examination of cabins to see if there is po­ enforced. A boy in David's canoe was pinned against tential overcrowding (a rule of thumb is that The need for this legislation is made a rock and survived, as did the counselor. But there should be at least 30 inches between abundantly clear in an article in to­ David drowned. beds and there should be at least two exits day's New York Times under the head­ Mr. Kurman has since become a thorn in in case of fire (an accessible, easily opened line ''Summer Camp Safety: Voices of the camping industry's side, continually tell­ window is acceptible as a second exit). Concern." The article follows: ing the story of his boy's death, and of other PRECAUTIONS MAY BE LAX accidents while calling for Federal legisla­ Whether they visit or not, parents should SUMMER CAMP SAFETY: VOICES OF CONCERN tion. inquire about the qualifications of a camp's (By Richard Flaste) In fact he was instrumental in getting Mr. staff (generally counselors should be 18 or Daniels interested in camp safety. Mr. Kur­ over-that's law in New York-and water­ A year ago Dr. Glenn Haughie, a physician man testified on the Daniels bill in Wash­ front directors should hold advanced Red in Rochester, N.Y., sent his 8-year-old son to ington last month, as he has every time Cross certificates). It's important to know a summer camp run by a friend of the fam­ the bill has come up for considera­ if a doctor or registered nurse is always on ily. Five days later his son was taken on an tion, in 1968, 1969 and 1971. (He missed the call. overnight hike. While the other campers Bear Mountain meeting, sending his wife And a parent should determine how safety slept, the boy walked to the edge of a near­ instead because he was in Albany talking oriented the camp's director is. Does he speak by cliff and fell more than 100 feet to his about safety on a television show.) death. The conjecture is that he was sleep­ freely about safety procedures at the camp? For his testimony this year, Mr. Kurman Does he keep records of injuries? walking. carried to Washington a letter he had just re­ Even at well-run camps not all recom­ Now, with another summer camp season ceived from Gary Lack, the other boy in his just weeks away, and the grief he, his wife mended safety precautions are taken. After son's canoe. the hearings the other day, the Congressmen and their three surviving children felt still Now grown, Mr. Lack writes: "I, Gary Lack, fresh, Dr. Haughie is trying to do something took a quick tour of a camp maintained by was there with David Kurman when he died. the Palisades Interstate Park Commission about the kind of accident that killed his I as a young kid found myself in a canoe son. and observed that the cabins had doors that shooting down the rapids of a savage river opened inward-they are supposed to open He is a public health official in Monroe which no local adult would dare to do-and County and has been conferring with New outward to allow rapid escape during a fire. York State on the efficacy of its camp safety this thanks to the wrong planning, ignorance They also noticed a live electrical wire that laws, many of which have been in force and carelessness of a public organization. The extended over a lake near the camp's swim­ for only a year or so. And he traveled down YMCA afterwards tried to put the blame on ming area. to the Bear Mountain Inn on Friday to testify the children and accuse us of wrong-doing In both cases, John Rand, a commission of­ at Congressional field hearings on safety. when we only followed orders." ficial, said he was considering corrective The hearings, held by Representative SiX years after David's death, Mr. Kurman action. Dominick V. Daniels, Democrat of New Jer­ received an out-of-court settlement of Perhaps one measure of a camp's safety is sey, and Representative Peter A. Peyser, the $30,000. whether it is accredited by the American New York Republican, were part of a series Mr. Kurman and the Congressmen spon­ Camping Association, which includes nearly on their bill to encourage the states to set soring the Federal bill say there is real hope half the country's camps and has an exten­ camp safety standards and, where the states that it will be passed this year (not, of sive safety code. However, the association fall to do so, to impose Federal regulations. course, in time for the current season). It routinely inspects its camps only once every The regulations will be drawn up by the was narrowly defeated in 1971, when Con­ five years and says it doesn't have the money Department of Health, Education and Wel­ gress passed instead a bill that called for a or manpower to make more frequent investi­ fare. study of camp safety by the Department of gations. At the moment, Mr. Daniels says that only Health, Education, and Welfare. The State of New York, which has annual six states have comprehensive youth camp STUDY A WASTE OF MONEY inspections, concedes that it, too, is having safety laws--California, Colorado, Connecti­ That study was recently completed. To Mr. problems. Howard B. Gates, 3d, a state of­ cut, Michigan, New York, and New Jersey. Daniels, Mr. Peyser and the parents pushing ficial, says the state is having "some difficulty Only 26 states have any laws at all specifically for legislation, it was no more than a delay­ in providing adequate number of trained per­ affecting camps, he said. ing tactic accomplished through the power of sonnel to conduct this program," and ex­ Dr. Haughie's recounting of how his son a camp lobby in the Southwest. It cost $300,- presses the hope that Federal activity might died was important in that it added to the 000 and was, in Representative Daniel's words help provide the people to enforce the regula­ list of what Mr. Daniels calls "verifiable hor­ "a waste of the taxpayer's money." tions. ror stories" that have convinced him there is The study came under fire primarily for its But will the Federal Government do any a need for standards to govern all of the methods. It relied heavily on mailed ques­ better? Mr. Daniels, as he sat down to a nations 10,000 summer camps. tionnaires, with only limited on-site inspec­ hurried lunch with his staff and others in­ This summer there will be camps with un­ tion of camps. terested in the legislation, was complain­ licensed drivers who transport children on Mr. Peyser was especially displeased with ing about poor enforcement of the occupa­ camp grounds, camps with untrained water­ H.E.W.'s interpretation of the study. Al­ tional safety act. Pressed on whether he front personnel, with crowded, hazardous or though the researchers found that most state thought a camp safety law would fare any unsanitary conditions and with counselors legislation was "grossly inadequate." H.E.W. better, he was equivocal. who lack camping experience. nevertheless recommended that camp safety But to Mitchell Kurman, even if the regu­ However, despite a lack of regulation, the standards be left to the states and not the lations aren't enforced, they would represent camping industry and others in the field Federal Government. an improvement. At least there would be often point out that camps are really not so In asserting that there is indeed a need "something," he said. "Right now there's very dangerous. The figures frequently for Federal legislation, Representative Peyser anarchy.'' 18584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 THE BUDGET BILL vide technical expertise for the new budget assert congressional powers against alleged committees. "presidential usurpation." The compromise The budget committee in each chamber bill now goes back to the House and the HON. J. J. PICKLE would report a concurrent resolution by April Senate for routine final approval before be· OF TEXAS 15 setting out taregt spending figures for ing sent to the White House. the government as a whole and for each of For the first time, budget committees in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the 14 major categories. the House and the Senate would look over Monday, June 10, 1974 These would have to be pa.ssed in both all proposals for federal spending, fix an chambers and cleared. through conference by overall target federal surplus or deficit figure, Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, it has taken May 15. The figures in this initial target reso­ set a ceiling on federal outlays as a whole, months and months of urging, discus­ lution would then serve as a guide for pas­ and divide up the overall spending total sion, research, debate, and compromise, sage of appropriations bills during the rest among 14 broad categories like defense, na­ but the Congress is now nearing one of of the spring and summer. tural resources, health and agriculture. the most important steps it can take On Sept. 15, another concurrent resolution By May 15 each year Congress would have would adjust the overall totals and 14 pro­ to complete action on an initial concurrent even in these crisis-charged times. I am gram ceilings in accord with developments in resolution setting out the target spending speaking of the conference approval of the economy since May 15. If the individual figures. During the rest of the spring and the proposed budget reform and im­ appropriations bills total more than the sec­ summer, the appropriations committees poundment control bill. ond concurrent resolution, Congress would would report out spending bills for indi­ On July 26, 1972, I was joined by sev­ have to pass, by Sept. 25, a "reconciliation vidual federal departments. By Sept. 15, eral colleagues in a special order con­ bill" making any cutbacks needed to com­ Congress would pass a second concurrent cerning our budget and impoundment ply with the target figures in the Sept. 15 resolution adjusting overall spending tar­ problems. The debate has continued vir­ concurrent resolution. gets in accord with economic and policy de­ In effect, Congress would set out broad velopments since May 15. tually unabated ever since. The debate, budget totals and priorities twice a season If the amounts in the individual appro­ importantly, has not centered on whether (May 15 and Sept. 15) and then in the final priations bills added up to more than the the Congress did not have sufficient con­ "reconciliation bill" would make sure that totals in the Sept. 15 concurrent resolution, trol over the Federal budget but rather these targets were complied with. then Congress by Sept. 25 would have to pass on how Congress could establish control In the House, the budget committee would a "reconciliation bill" making cutbacks to over the budget. consist of five members from the Appropria­ stay within the Sept. 15 guidelines. The conference bill follows no one per­ tions Committee, five from Ways and Means, son's or group's blueprint exactly, but it 11 from other standing committees and one shows well the marks of the many who each from the Democratic and Republican leadership. In the Senate, the committee SOME HARD TRUTHS ABOUT THE have labored with this issue. I hope that would have 15 members. we will be able to see this measure The compromise bill further provides that VIETNAM WAR through to a speedy and overwhelming if the President wants to impound appropri­ conclusion-and get the congressional ated funds for policy reasons, he must obtain budget reins in operation before the year congressional permission by means of a re­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE is out. scission (cutback) bill. However, if he wants OF ILLINOIS merely to delay an outlay, or to hold it up for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I would like to reprint the two articles technical rather than broad policy reasons, which appeared in the Washington Post he simply has to notify Congress. Unless one Monday, June 10, 1974 a few days ago concerning the confer­ or the other chamber vetoes his plan, he can ence bill. go ahead. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there are [From the Washington Post, June 4, 1974] The new congressional budget office would many Americans, and many in the Con­ gress, who tell us that the Vietnam war is CONFEREES AGREE ON BUDGET BILL be something like a miniature OMB, with its own nonpartisan director appointed for four over and that American aid and assist­ (By Spencer Rich) yea.rs by House and Senate leaders, and re­ ance to the government in Saigon should A compromise bill laying out a revolution­ movable by either chamber. come to an end. ary new congressional procedure for han­ The new budget procedure is one of the The war, however, is not considered to dling the government's $304 billion annual keystones of the congressional effort to re­ be over by the North Vietnamese or by budget has been drafted for final consid­ claim powers that critics say have been sur­ eration by a House-Senate conference com­ rendered to the White House through con· their allies in the Soviet Union and Com­ mittee. gressional sloth and disorganization. They munist China. The budget bill is aimed at recapturing the say that Congress, lacking any mechanism Discussing the illusions under which power of the purse from the White House by for controlling the budget as a whole, has many in Washington seem to be operat­ giving Congress, for the first time, a mech­ consistently passed individual spending bills ing, Philip C. Clarke, in his Washington tmism to consider the entire federal budget whose total far exceeds amounts dictated by Report of the Air for the American Se­ as a whole. For lack of such a mechanism, economic prudence, with disastrous infia· curity Council, notes that- sponsors of the bill contend, Congress has in tionary effects. practice lost control to the White House This has made it necessary for the Presi· The world is being treated these days to a Office of Management and Budget. dent, who has a large bureaucracy to help strange, Alice-in-Wonderland like spectacle. The initial House version was passed 386 him, to make the hard decisions on which As the U.S. Congress is busy slashing away to 23 Dec. 5. The Senate followed March 22 programs to cut or abolish to avert economic at aid to embattled South Vietnam, Soviet with its own version, 80 to 0. For the last damage; Congress then complains that the and Chinese leaders are assuring Communist three months-under the close supervision President is "usurping" the power of the North Vietnam of greater than ever sup­ of key conferees like Reps. Richard Bolling purse. port for their objective of total conquest in (D-Mo.) and Dave Martin (R-Neb.) and Indochina. Sens. Sam J. Ervin Jr. (D-N.C.), Edmund S. [From the Washington Post, June 6, 1974] How tragic it would be if those thou­ Muskie (D-Maine) and Charles H. Percy (R-Ill.)-staff aides have been drafting a CONFEREES AGREE ON BUDGET PLAN sands of young Americans who died compromise. It includes language, put to­ (By Spencer Rich) fighting Communist aggression in Viet­ gether yesterday to curb presidential im­ House-Senate conferees agreed without nam have died in vain, a situation which poundment of funds appropriated by Con­ dissent yesterday on a compromise bill es­ would surely be the case were we to aban­ gress. tablishing a revolutionary congressional pro­ don the South Vietnamese to the Com­ The compromise creates separate budget cedure for handling the government's munist takeover which the aggressors committees in the House and the Senate to budget. were unable to achieve in the field of look over all proposals for federal spending, Aimed at recapturing the power of the battle. to fix an overall target federal surplus or purse from the White House, the bill creates deficit, to set a ceiling on federal outlays as a system for Congress to consider the federal In a telegram to Secretary of State a whole and to assign program priorities by budget as a whole. Lacking any such system, Kissinger, Ambassador Graham Martin, dividing the total among 14 broad categories the legislative branch has allowed the White the distinguished U.S. envoy in Saigon, such as defense, health and agriculture. House to make virtually all key budgetary warned of a decision taken last fall in The bill would move the start of the fiscal decisions in recent years, proponents of the Hanoi to mount an all-out campaign this year from July 1 to Oct. 1, giving Congress new procedure say. winter and spring to persuade the Con­ three extra months to complete action on all The measure, which also includes provi­ authorizations and appropriations, as well sions to curb presidential impoundment of gress to drastically reduce the magnitude as overall spending ceilings. A congressional funds voted by Congress, is considered one of both economic and military aid to the budget office with its own staff would pro- of the most important in the drive to re- Government of South Vietnam. June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18585 Mr. Clarke declares that- IN DEFENSE OF AMBASSADOR MARTIN iis consistently solid news coverage and As Congress votes to cut deeper and deeper Every once in a while, the United States an editorial policy dedicated to the in­ into U.S. aid for South Vietnam one can al­ comes up with an Ambassador who "tells it terests of northern Virginia and the city most hear the Communists cheering. It is as like it is"-straight from the shoulder. Such of Alexandria. The Journal recently if the U.S. Congress is following Hanoi's a man is Graham Anderson Martin, U.S. Am­ published an editorial commenting on script to the letter . bassador to South Vietnam, veteran of 27 the complex and confusing problem years of distinguished diplomatic service, I wish to share with my colleagues the World War II Army Colonel and one-time which has surrounded proposals to de­ texts of two recent radio broadcasts by newsman in his native North Carolina. Ever velop the Alexandria waterfront. I have, Philip c. Clarke, one with Ambassador since his arrival in Saigon last July, Ambas­ as you know Mr. Speaker, been involved Elbridge Dubrow (retired) , which were sador Martin has been "telling it like it is," in this effort for sometime and I believe broadcast April 12, 1974 and April 18, that South Vietnam ls worth helping. Am­ I can say without fear of contradiction 1974. and insert them into the RECORD bassador Martin's refreshing candor has, in­ that the Journal's editorial fairly and at this time: evitably, drawn the ire of such pere1;1nial adequately describes the waterfront Vietnam critics as the New York Times, situation as it stands today. With com­ VmTNAM: NEW RETREAT Washington Post. More recently, Senator Ed­ The world is being treated these days to a ward Kennedy, questioned Martin's objec­ pliments to Journal Editor Tom Wuriu, strange, Alice-in-Wonderland-like spectacle. tivity and impartiality on Vietnam. Among I insert the editorial in the RECORD: As the U.S. Congress is busy slashing away those who know Ambassador Martin best is a [From the Alexandria Journal, June 6, 1974] at aid to embattled South Vietnam, Soviet former colleague, retired Ambassador El­ WASTING WATERFRONT and Chinese leaders are assuring Commu­ bridge Durbrow. It is fortunate that visitors usually do nist North Vietnam. of greater than ever sup­ Ambassador DURBRow: "Ambassador Mar­ not arrive in Alexandria by water. For those port for their objective of total conquest in tin told us that when he was assigned to travelling on the Potomac, the first view of Indonesia. As some U.S. Senators call for the south Vietnam, he decided to do all in his this historic city is a succession of ugly eye­ total abandonment of Saigon, CUba's Fidel power to put the record straight and try to sores tha·t line the waterfront for 16 blocks. Castro wines and dines the visiting Pre­ eliminate these continued distortions. He has Nobody likes the dreary waterfront. Yet at mier of North Vietnam, Pham Van Dong, and courageously done just that by, for instance, dispatches another 351 Cuban construction a time when the city is busy with ambitious his scathing expose of a most distorted dis­ plans to attract visitors in the upcoming workers to Hanoi to help rebuild that Com­ patch by a New York Times correspondent munist ally. And as two of the most influ­ bicentennial years, a tiny handful of con­ last February which badly misrepresented servationists has effectively stalled efforts ential newspapaers in the U.S., the New York U.S. aid goals. He has also been most forth­ Times and Washington Post, furiously de­ to settle the ownership snarls which, for right in briefing diverse groups by giving years, have made it impossible to launch a nounce the U.S. Ambassador to Saigon, them unvarnished facts. Graham Martin, for his outspoken defense comprehensive waterfront rehabilitation "Given Ambassador Martin's determina­ program. of U.S. commitments to South Vietnam, the tion to eliminate distortions, I fully support celebrated American actress-activist, Jane Nearly moribund in the House of Repre­ his telegraphed recommendations to the sentatives is a bill introduced by Rep. Stan­ Fonda, and her equally activist husband, Tom State Department not to give substantive Hayden, are toasted in Hanoi as they prepare ford Parris (R-Bth Dist.). The proposed answers to a series of what the Ambassador legislation, the fruit of joint efforts by the to do a motion picture extolling the virtues correctly called cleverly drawn, mixed-up of that Communist society. Amid such re­ city of Alexandria, current owners and area questions on very important foreign policy conservationist leaders, would provide the versed values, one can be excused for won­ problems posed by Senator Edward Kennedy. dering: What goes on here? It is particularly city with the tools to settle the legal prob­ Ambassador Martin quite rightly felt that lems and proceed with plans to revitalize the hard to understand how the Congress of the any answers to these questions could lead to United States, despite its preoccupation with 48 acres of waterfront land. still further distortions by Kennedy's Sub­ Private development of the area would be Watergate, the economy and the fuel short­ committee on Refugees. Martin urged that age, can so soon forget the heavy investment limited to 10 acres, with the rest earmarked answers to such important questions should for parkland, a 50-foot walkway along the this country has made in the freedom and be given, instead, to forthcoming public independence of South Vietnam-namely river and just open water. The bill contains hearings of the main committees on For­ specific restrictions as to height of buildings, 55,000 American lives and 130 billion dol­ eign Affairs. Mysteriously, Ambassador Mar­ lars. Nor ls it easy to comprehend how re­ distance from the waterline, etc. There are tin's confidential recommendations were also some exceptions for present land sponsible American political leaders, much leaked to Senator Kennedy who promptly less the media, can so easily ignore the reality owners. gave them to the press. That the Ambassa­ Nearly everyone accepted the proposal, of what our abandonment of South Vietnam dor's concern was justified is clear from would mean, namely, a Communist takeover which appeared to adequately protect both press reports quoting Kennedy as being 'out­ public and private interests. It seemed only and enslavement of 19 million people who raged' that he should not be given answers have placed their trust in the U.S. and the a matter of time before the waterfront eye­ about U.S. Indochina policy, and quoting sore would be wiped out. ensuing Communist conquest of all remain­ Kennedy's attacks on Martin's alleged 'cover­ ing free nations 1n strategic Southeast Asia. But this was not to be. A few conserva­ up and deception.' It should be pointed out tionists, not involved in the discussion, In a recent telegram to Secretary of State that Martin's telegram specifically stated that Kissinger, Ambassador Martin warned of a decided they really didn't approve of the Kennedy had the right to raise the questions, compromise plan even though the attorney decision taken last fall in Hanoi to mount an but at the same time suggested that the all-out campaign this winter and spring to for the Northern Virginia Conservation full answers be reserved for the proper con­ Council helped draft it, and the president of persuade the Congress to drastically reduce gressional committees charged with substan­ the magnitude of both economic and m111- that organization supported it as did many tive foreign affairs problems.__not just refu­ other council members and area residents. tary aid to the government of South Viet­ gees as in the case of Kennedy's Subcom­ nam. The Ambassador said that the Com­ Those who oppose the Parris plan claim mittee. Significantly, both the Senator and the bill gives away too much to developers munists' so-called Provisional Revolutionary the news accounts ignored the Ambassador's Government in Paris was to be the princi­ in terms of density and river fill rights. They well-founded reasons for urging that these don't trust the city to keep private firms pal channel, using remnants of the Ameri­ vital questions be answered only in the prop­ can "peace movement" to bring influence to from over-developing to the detriment of bear on selective, susceptible, but influential er forums." the community. The right course, they main­ elements of the American communications Ambassador Elbridge Durbrow. tain, is to allow present federal court litiga­ media, and, particularly, on susceptible Con­ tion t.o decide the tangled waterfront title gressional staffers. As Congress votes to cut question. Confident that the courts will deeper and deeper into U.S. aid for South find for the federal government, the con­ Vietnam, one can hear the Communists WATERFRONT EDITORIAL servationists want the entire disputed area cheering. It is as if the U.S. Congress is fol­ turned into a park. lowing Hanoi's script to the letter. All This tiny group of people, representing thoughtful Americans, especially the more HON. STANFORD E. PARRIS no constituency but with good connections than two and a half million who served with OF vmGINIA in national conservation groups and the the armed forces in Vietnam, should demand Department of Interior, used its influence of Congress a full explanation of its retreat IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with deadly effectiveness. As a result, the from responsibility-before it's too late. On Monday, June 10, 1974 national and the Interior Department has the eve of the Bicentennial, Americans should so far declined to support it. also-ask what might have happened had our Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, the Alex­ We do not question the sincerity of those ally, France, turned its back as we struggled andria Journal is a prize-winning attempting to torpedo the current water­ for freedom and independence two hundred weekly newspaper in the Eighth Con­ front legislation. We know they are highly years ago. gressional District of Virginia noted for motivated. But we do question the wisdom 18586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 of their actions in terms of the greatest Mr. Glenn, a resident of Englewood for 21 wide spectrum, ranging from pop tunes good for the greatest number of people. years, started playing as a boy in Corsicana, Certainly, the Parris bill is not perfect. Tex., where he was born. An only child whose to orchestral tone poems and symphonic There are admittedly some concessions to father was a cook, Glenn started his musical suites, with almost every type of jazz ex­ waterfront land owners we wish did not career as a drummer. He later taught himself pression in between. During his highly have to be made. And, some of the density to play banjo and through the years also be­ prolific career he composed more than limitations may be overly generous. But, came skillful at the piano, the trombone, 5,000 tunes, among them such classics considering the many difficult problems in­ and the vibes. as "Mood Indigo," "Sophisticated Lady," volved, we feel that the final package rep­ Mr. Glenn played with such jazz greats as "Satin Doll," "Solitude," and "Blue resents a reasonable compromise. And, most Lionel Hampton, who taught him to play the Harlem." important, it would end the impasse which vibes, and Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong, with has blocked waterfront rehabilitation for so whom he played lead trombone for eight The transition from the streets of long. years. After Armstrong died, Glenn formed Washington and the Cotton Club, to As t o the current court fight, which could his own group. command performances for royalty was be extended for years by appeals, there is no During a 40-year career which started in a long and arduous journey ·fun of in­ guarantee that the federal government wlll the swing era, Glenn played "sweet" trom­ effable joy and quiet sorrow. In May 1965 win. And, even assuming that Uncle Sam bone with Benny Carter and Cab Calloway, the Pulitzer Prize advisory board voted does eventually gain title to all 48 acres of and later with Duke Ellington. He joined that either a long-term achievement disputed land (chances of that are rated CBS Radio in 1953 as a musician, and worked award be presented or no prize be given poor by most experts), the possibility of on the station for 10 years. at all for that year. Ellington's char­ federal funding for a park is remote. Depart­ Although Glenn was seriously lll, and had ment of Interior spokesmen told the Journal a kidney removed last year, he and his combo acteristically modest comment when the this week that they have no "active plans" played major engagements at the Royal board finally decided against him was for the waterfront. Box of the Americana Hotel in New York quoted around the world: Meanwhile, the waterfront bill remains during the summer and at Christmas which Fate's being kind to me. Fate doesn't want in committee since its backers know they were credited with saving the Royal Box me to be famous too young. can't make it on the House ftoor without from closing. support from the conservationist camp. Mr. Glenn was active in the Englewood In 1969 President Nixon hosted a gala All is not lost, of course. New waterfront community. He appeared at Dwight Morrow 70th birthday party in the Duke's honor, proposals will emerge some day although High School, at Fairleigh Dickinson Uni­ the highlight of which was the presenta­ Alexandria Vice Mayor Wiley Mitchell says versity, and at a Teaneck art workshop. tion of the Nation's highest civilian this is the last go-around for him after Mr. Glenn is survived by his wife, the award, the Presidential Medal of Free­ more than five years of wrestling with the former Gloria Alicia; his mother, Christina. dom. complex problem. Jenkins of Los Angeles; and two sons, Tyree Jr. and Roger, both musicians. Young Tyree is Although he won even conceivable But the real losers, as we see it, will be musical honor during his lifetime, he al­ the citizens of Alexandria and Northern Vir­ currently appearing with his own combo at ginia who, for the foreseeable future, will The Riverboat in New York. ways bore his fame with grace and dig­ be denied the obvious benefits of a water­ Funeral arrangements are by Walter B. nity, never losing sight of his roots and front renaissance. Cook, Third Avenue and 85th Street in New heritage. Duke Ellington was a truly York. Services will be Thursday at 7:30 p.m. great American. We will all miss him in Central Presbyterian Church, Park Avenue dearly. at 64th Street. The Rev. John Garcia Gensel, the "Jazz Priest,'' will officiate. TYREE GLENN, JAZZMAN Burial will be in George Washington Memorial Park, Para.mus on Friday at 11 a.m. WHAT MAKES MR. NIXON RUN? HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI OF NEW JERSEY HON. BELLA S. ABZUG OF NEW YORX IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DUKE ELLINGTON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, June 10, 1974 HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Monday, June 10, 1974 Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we all know, one of the world's great.est OF NEW YORK Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, there is a musicians, the incomparable Duke El­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES good deal of scepticism in this country lington, passed away recently. However, Monday, June 10, 1974 about the purpose of Mr. Nixon's trips another well-known jazzman, Trombon­ abroad and their potential results. In an Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, there is no article in the Wall Street Journal for ist Tyree Glenn of Englewood, N.J., who greater name in American music than at one time played with Mr. Ellington's May 31, Arthur Schlesinger notes that that of Duke Ellington who, over several the Nixon-Kissinger foreign policy, while band, also died a short while ago. decades innovated, created and dignified Throughout the world jazz fans and accomplishing several good things, also jazz with such skill and devotion that has had some undesirable results: musicians were familiar with the style · his name became synonymous with the and the substance of Tyree Glenn's The besetting sin of the Nixon-Kissinger best of that art form. On May 24 Edward policy is that it expends for more concern on music. During his 40-year career, he Kennedy Ellington died, lea-:1ng a musi­ our enemies than on our friends, on dictator­ played with such other greats as Lionel cal legacy which will probably never be ships than on democracies. • • • This policy, Hampton, Louis Armstrong, and Cab equaled. by tying the United States to detested local Calloway. Duke Ellington was born in Washing­ tyrannies, also intensifies American unpopu­ As prominent and talented as he was, ton in 1899 and grew up surrounded by larity among peoples struggling to get on the however, Mr. Glenn still retained a sense a musically oriented family. In 1918 he democratic path. of dedication to his community. He had formed his own band, first called the Dr. Schlesinger does not believe that appeared at Fairleigh Dickinson Unive::.-­ Duke's Serenaders an~ later the Wash­ Mr. Nixon's personal touch, while his im­ sity and Dwight Morrow High School, in ingtonians, and in 1923 they perma­ peachment is pending, will add much to addition to donating his time to a Tea­ nently moved to New York. The Band's U.S. popularity. I would like to insert this neck art workshop. nr..tional reputation was established dur­ persuasive article into the RECORD: Mr. Speaker, an interesting article ing their 1927-1932 stint at Harlem's MR. NIXON'S MAGICAL MYSTERY TOURS concerning Mr. Glenn's career appeared Cotton Club. During his stay there he (By Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.) recently in the RECORD, a Bergen County expanded his knowledge of orchestra­ President Nixon has often claimed t hat newspaper. In view of the fact that both tion, orchestral color ar..CA. composition; foreign policy ls his strongest suit. In his the jazz world and the people of the he learned from the classical composers moment of extremity, he is evidently deter­ Ninth Congressional District have lost of the time, modifying, assimilating and mined to play that suit for all it is worth. His a friend, I would like to take this oppor­ transforming what they offered him into plan to visit the Middle East and the Soviet tunity to insert this article in the a unique and original Afro-American Union while the House Judiciary Committee RECORD: musical idiom. is weighing his fate therefore confronts Con­ gress and the American people with grave TYl1EB GLENN, JAZZMAN In a professional career spanning more and curious questions. (By Bob Freeley) than 50 years, Ellington was a major jazz The only possible justification for the ENGLEWOOD.-Tyree Glenn, noted Jazz figure of the age, not only as a composer­ presidential trips must be that through his trombonist, died Saturday in Englewood Hos­ arranger but also as leader and pianist. physical presence Mr. Nixon will win advan­ pital. He was 61. As composer he covered an amazingly tages for the United States that are not to be June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18587 won otherwise. Congress is entitled to know erential in discussing what to do about for­ be predicted that, ·so long as we pursue in what these advantages might be. They are eign affairs with Dr. Kissinger as he was Greece, Spain, Chile and elsewhere the same certainly not self-evident. In the Middle East in discussing what to do about Watergate policy we pursued in Portugal, that policy Mr. Nixon would do no more than bless a set­ with Messrs. Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and will eventually produce the same result-­ tlement already worked out by Dr. Kissinger. Dean. and the same headline. In Moscow, if he tries to go beyond deals al­ No doubt the President has intervened This policy, by tying the United States ready completed, he would enter into nego­ personally from time to time, as in order­ to detested local tryrannies, also intensifies tiations from the unpromising situation of a ing the invasion of Cambodia in 1970 and American unpopularity among people3 President who, not being able to afford a fail­ the Christmas bombings of 1972, and in so struggling to get on the democratic path. ure, may be tempted to pay too high a price doing may even have rejected the advice Nor does the Nixon administration appar­ for an appearance of success. of Dr. Kissinger. But the main line of the ently find it easy to identify the United Until we are told what added benefits Mr. Nixon foreign polic_r beers less the imprint States with democratic developments. In Nixon's personal touch will bring, his magi­ of the pre-1969 Ni,.on than of the pre-1969 the case of Portugal we kept our enthusi­ cal mystery tours must be regarded as part Ki:;singer. The foreign policy of a Ford ad­ asm for the overthrow of the dictatorship not of the defense policy of the United ministration would doubtless bear the under stern control. On May 3, the Euro­ States but of his own defense policy against same imprint. pean Economic Community hailed the emer­ impeachment. And if Congress, without Even supposing that American foreign gence of "a democratic Portugal." But the question or objection, permits a President policy might change under Mr. Ford, has United States, so far as I have been able to in almost unprecedented disrepute to wan­ it been so wise and effective under Mr. discover, maintained a gloomy silence until der about the world in a transparent effort Nixon that the American people should May 22 when the American ambassador final­ to shore up a crumbling political position sacrifice domestic values in order to in­ ly gave the new government a goodwill at home, it will quite deserve the contempt sure its continuation? No one can doubt message from President Nixon. with which Mr. Nixon has been treating it. that as a negotiator Dr. Kissinger is an in­ The time may well be arriving for a re­ Mr. Nixon's current strategy is to present valuable national resource. His work in the orientation of our foreign policy. Dr. Kis­ himself, as he did in his recent seance with Middle East in recent months has been ex­ singer's skills and preoccupations may have James J. Kilpatrick, as America's indispen­ traordinary. His ability to enter into the defined our international agenda long sable man in world affairs. If his steady hand viewpoints of others, his instinct for areas enough. He has done remarkable things, and should ever leave the tiller, this argument where compromise might be possible, his he remains our best negotiator. We must implies, American foreign policy will run penetrating intelligence and imYlerturbable build on his successes in detente with the aground or crash into the rocks. The argu­ good cheer, his combination of tact, pa­ Soviet Union, in opening relations with ment hardly puts the man he recently chose tience and sheer physical stamina-all China, in the stabilization of the Middle East. as his Vice President in a flattering light. these qualities make him one of the excep­ But we need more than ever to pay attention But then Mr. Nixon in the same interview tional diplomats of the century. t o the things Dr. Kissinger has ignored: to indicated his opinion of Vice Presidents, Whether his conceptions are as impres­ our own hemisphere; to food, energy trade, especially in connection with foreign policy. sive as his skills is another question. He aid, the monetary system and other interna­ Mr. Kilpatrick asked him whether he had sees the world essentially in terms of the tional economic problems; to the United told his Vice President of 1971 about the political and military relations among the Nations. diplomatic opening to China. "Agnew?" Mr. great powers. He is everlastingly right, of In short, the preservation of President Nixon replied in what Mr. Kilpatrick de­ course, in his view that national interest is Nixon and his foreign policy is not necessarily scribes as an "incredulous" tone. "Agnew? far more decisive than ideology in shaping what the United States most needs today. Oh, of course not." a great power's policy. This view made it Even if it were, however, that should not be Mr. Nixon seems genuinely persuaded that easier for the United States to embark on the overriding issue brought up by the move­ no other American can deal as well with relations with Peking. But that develop­ ment for Mr. Nixon's impeachment. Profes­ foreign leaders. In fact, many of the foreign ment was not in itself any great feat of sor Hugh Trevor-Roper, the English historian, leaders he has dealt with are in trouble too diplomatic prestidigitation. By 1969 the has explained Watergate to his fellow coun­ or are no longer around (England, France, Chinese leaders were desperate to break trymen by drawing a parallel between Water­ West Germany, Israel, Egypt, Portugal, Can­ out of isolation and determined to block gate and Hampden's refusal to pay ship­ ada, even perhaps Chou En-lai in China), the consolidation of a Soviet-American money to Charles I, "No doubt, in the 1630s," And one wonders whether any realistic for­ combine against themselves. The Chinese Mr. Trevor-Roper writes, "foreigners thought eign leader these days will not be embar­ connection was ripe for the plucking. It the English very foolish to make such a fuss rassed by Mr. Nixon's drowning embrace and did, however, require maladroit diplomacy about ship-money when a firm and unham­ prefer to talk to an American President who to pluck it at such unnecessary cost for the pered English government might have been commands a modicum of respect from his United States in Japan and India. effective in Europe. But the English thought own people. The besetting sin of the Nixon-Kissinger first of their own liberties; and who shall Nor, for that matter, does Mr. Nixon's policy is that it expends far more concern say that they were wrong?" argument for his personal indispensability on our enemies than on our friends, on dic­ cast a flattering light on his Secretary of tatorships than on democracies. It is easier State, who, there is every reason to suppose, to deal with leaders who can deliver their would also be President Ford's Secretary of countries than with leaders who must take BONUS MARCH OF 1974 State. The White House story is that all account of a restless internal opinion. Dr. Dr. Kissinger does is to execute Mr. Nixon's Kissinger's impatience with the democratic instructions. Without the guiding presiden­ governments of Western Europe, for example, tial hand, we are given to understand, the has hardly been concealed. He has even HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Secretary of State would only make a mess questioned their legitimacy-a singular ob­ OF NEW YORK of things. Thus presidential spokesmen servation by the representative of a govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES claim that Dr. Kissinger's Middle East nego­ ment whose own legitimacy is in doubt. But tiations have been subject to Mr. Nixon's this concern for enemies, for dictatorships, Monday, June 10, 1974 constant "direction"-though reporters cov­ for political and strategic issues may obscure Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, this past ering the White House, as this newspaper other factors on the world scene. In conse­ Memorial Day weekend was filled with disclosed last week, regard this as a fiction quence of Dr. Kissinger's preoccupations, our and resent it. foreign economic policy has been a shambles, many speeches honoring our veterans our Latin American policy dismal, our Afri­ and those who paid the supreme sacrifice WHO'S IN CHARGE? can policy largely non-existent, our European in previous wars to help preserve our Is Mr. Nixon really in daily charge of policy a failure, our United Nations policy freedom. Unfortunately, the veterans of foreign affairs? Has he ever been? When he a scandal. the Vietnam war have been more hon­ refused to meet last winter with the Senate THE TIMES' HEADLINE Watergate Committee, Sen. Weicker of ored by words than by any action by our Connecticut sent him a list of written ques­ Even in the countries themselves, prefer­ Government to provide them with even tions. One question noted that Mr. Nixon ence for authoritarian regimes will only a~equate benefits to enable them to re­ had said he had been too busy with foreign cause trouble for the United States in the turn to civilian life. The great frustration affairs to find out about Watergate and the longer run. On May 6 The New York Times of Vietnam veterans has erupted with in­ cover-up; "yet your daily logs for June had an arresting headline: ".Communist and July 1972 show literally hundreds of Party Emerges as Strongest in Portugal." creasing frequency leading last month to minutes for meetings with principal Water­ Our policy in Portugal had been to give the resignation of Donald Johnson, Ad­ gate figures while only minutes were spent fervent support to an authoritarian govern­ ministrator of the Veterans' Administra­ with individuals such as Dr. Kissinger." ment. That government, by repressing its tion. Despite these eruptions the Admin­ (Mr. Nixon did not respond to Sen. Weick­ constitutional opponents, had predictably istration appears to be taking no positive er's observation.) The tapes have pretty placed the opposition under the command action toward providing increased bene­ well laid to rest the carefully cultivated of the Communists, who alone were profi­ fits to meet the skyrocketing cost of liv­ myth of Mr. Nixon as a forceful, well-or­ cient at underground organization and sur­ ganized, decisive exec_utive. One imagines vival. Portugal may end up with a Com­ ing which is making the existing level of that he can be quite as rambling and def- munist government in another year. It may veterans' benefits totally' inadequate. 18588 EXTENSIONS -oF REMARKS June 10~ 1974 A new group, the American Veterans after flnishing school, spoke recently to the rights, dispositions and future uses of pri­ Movement, is sponsoring a nationwide Massapequa Veterans of Foreign Wars. vate lands affected by such controls; efforts pilgrimage to Washington on July 4 to Meanwhile there have been other very tan­ to expand the scope and reach of such con­ remind us of the sacrifice made by vet­ gible expressions of support. In Las Vegas, trols will only magnify these problems." erans and the great debt that we owe to for example, 836 members of the American .Amendment No. 2 (Policy Section-102): Legion have signed up to board the train Page 27, line 17: Add a comma immedi­ those who served in the most unpopular that will leave Los Angeles June 14, pausing ately after the word "land". war in our history. at numerous cities along the way to pick up Page 27, line 18: Strike the word "and" I am hoping that by the time of this recruits. In Portland, Ore., an 89-year-old where it first appears. march on July 4 we in the Congress will World War I veteran is joining his Vietnam Page 27, line 19: Strike the period and add have acted to provide a more realistic vet grand.son for the journey. Another train the following immediately after the word level of veterans benefits. will start out from Boston July 3, stopping "processes": ", and that provide more ex­ The article follows: in New York en route. plicit guidance for the equitable resolutions Kovic said AVM spokesmen have been in of conflicts between property ownership BONUS MARCH OF 1974 contact with Amtrak officials and are hope­ rights and public and community interests, (By James A. Wechsler) ful they will provide trains. needs and benefits." "But one way or another we'll get the Amendment No. 3: (State planning proc­ Ron Kovic, a 28-year-old paraplegic Viet­ transportation," he added. Committees in ess Section-104): nam veteran with a fighting heart and un­ charge of "logistics and food" have already Page 32, line 16: Strike the word "and". broken spirit, never made Richard Nixon's been set up in 11 major cities. Page 34, line 7: At the end of paragraph "enemies list." But he may play a large role In Washington the veterans are planning (i) add the following: in climactic summer scenes of the Nixon era. to set up a large encampment in the area "(j) development of explicit substantive Kovic is a major leader and voice of the where the Southern Christian Leadership State policies to deal with legal conflicts be­ new American Veterans Movement sponsor­ Conference built "Resurrection City." While tween private property interests and public ing a natli.onwide pilgrimage to Washington. a White House aide-James Cavanaugh­ and community interests furthered by im­ July 4 is the date on which organizers of met with AVM leaders on March 31, attempts plementation of the comprehensive state the march now confidently predict that to arrange further conferences with him land use planning process, including- "many thousands" of veterans-of Vietnam have been unsuccessful. " ( 1) specification of the planning, control and other wars-will assemble in the capital Kovic is deeply conscious of both the tra­ and regulatory techniques, other than pay­ to protest "the national veterans crisis." dition and stormy history of the Bonus ment of compensation to property owners, "We'll stay there until the Administration March of 1932. His stress on the "nonviolent" to be utilized in the furtherance of land has decisively acted-whether we have to character of the coming demonstration is no use planning objectives; stay until Christmas or 1976," Kov-ic said doubt influenced by reading of the tragic "(2) review and compilation of relevant when we talked the other day. MacArthur military operation that finally state laws, administrative regulations and "This will be a peaceful occupation-at dispersed the Bonus Expeditionary Force" practices, and case-law and other judicial least we're doing everything we can to make in that last summer of Hooverism. determinations that may tend to encourage, it peaceful and we're asking the Administra­ There are both similarities and disparities sanction, restrain, limit or prohibit the utili­ tion to help us keep it that way by working between that pilgrimage and the one now zation of such techniques; and out arrangements with us. But it won't be taking shape. The BEF concentrated almost "(3) to the extent practicable and fea­ a one-day outing." entirely on a vain fight for the immediate sible, development of the general policies to I first met and wrote about Kovic last payment of "adjusted compensation" Con­ be applied by the state land use agency for March, shortly after he and a group of other gress had authorized to be paid in 1945. This providing compensation to land-owners, or AVM members had won national notice by year's marchers will be seeking more than for utilizing a combination of compensation . staging a hunger strike in Sen. Alan Crans­ fiscal redress, as their preoccupation with and regulation, in these instances where the ton's Los Angeles office. They were a small the state of VA hospitals indicates. findings of the review pursuant to para­ band then-10 of them, like Kovic, dis­ But one parallel is hauntingly inescapable. graph (2) indicate that land use planning abled-but their protest over the treatment Then, as now, a U.S. President faced the policies and objectives may not be appro­ being accorded veterans in VA hospitals and steady, deadly disintegration of his Admin­ priately or constitutionally implemented by on other fronts had swift repercussions in istration. While the circumstances differed means of regulatory techniques a.lone." Washington. in some essential respects from the present, Amendment No. 4 (Implementation Sec­ It was an important measure as a result the jobless, dispossessed veterans who were tion-106): of his ineptness in dealing with the group ultimately driven out dramatized the aloof Page 38, line 4: Strike the word "and". that VA chief Donald E. Johnson found impotence of national leadership. The sym­ Page 39, line 10: Strike the period and add himself announcing a little more than a bolism of the 1974 march cannot be missed the following: "; and". month later that he would leave his post at the White House. " ( 3) An appeal procedure affording any in early June. affected property owner the opportunity to Johnson's departure announcement fol­ challenge or contest policies adopted pur- . lowed widespread outcry over President Nix­ suant to Sec. 104(j) (3) to the extent that on's "Vietnam Veterans Day" address in they are deemed incompatible with the find­ which he announcecl, among other things, PROPERTY RIGHTS AMENDMENTS ings of Sec. lOl(j) (2); Provided that, the that he had named Johnson to head a "study" TO H.R. 10294 state land use agency shall bear the respon­ of conditions in VA hospitals and other griev­ sibility to demonstrate that such policies ances. On Capitol Hill and elsewhere, the are not inconsistent, incompatible or other­ prospect of Johnson in effect investigating HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON wise at variance with State law, including his own regime quickly backfired, and he OF ILLINOIS any judicial interpretation thereof, as de­ became expendable. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fined pursuant to Sec. 104(j) (2) ." So far no successor has been designated. Monday, June 10, 1974 But Kovic, emphasi21ing that the identity of Johnson's successor would not alter plans Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. for the Washington "occupation," said: "One Speaker, at the appropriate time during THE COST OF LIVING roan resigning doesn't end the abuses we're consideration of H.R. 10294, I intend to fighting." offer the following amendment: In its call for participation in the drive, the A VM specifically urges "larger and bet­ PROPERTY RIGHTS AMENDMENTS TO HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN ter equipped hospitals . • • A workable GI H.R. 10294 OF ILLINOIS bill ... Adequate veterans compensation ..• Amendment No.1 (Findings Section-101): IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Humane homes for disabled vets • • • More Page 26, line 18: After the semicolon strike Monday, June 10, 1974 jobs for veterans." the word "and". Although discontent over the VA adminis­ Page 27, line 2: Strike the period at the Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, the ris­ tration had surfaced at Congressional hear­ end of paragraph (11) and add the follow­ ing cost of Iiving seems to be the most ings and in other areas for some time, the ing:"; and". difficult for those persons over 65. Their old-line veterans organizations remained "(12) Uncoordinated, widely varying and pensions and social security together largely undemonstrative. Their passivity frequently inconsistent efforts to deal with created a vacuum into which Kovic and his land use problems through the application are not enough to make ends meet. The associates have moved. But in doing so the of traditional zoning controls, special area proposed social security increase will cur­ AVM has endeavored to avoid combat with protection and enhancement methods and tail the problem somewhat, but it will the other groups and believes its march will other land use control programs have created not be enough. evoke broad sympathy if not official endorse­ substantial uncertainties and imposed sig­ The following article expresses the ment from diverse contingents. nificant burdens on property owners, which concern and required lifestyle of a. cou­ Kovlc, a 1964 Massapequa HS graduate the courts have not resolved in a consistent ple in Pennsylvania. I hope this will be who enlisted in the Marines three months and predictable manner, regarding the interesting to my colleagues: June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 185S9

WITH $5,684 A YEAR, RETIRED COUPLE'S LIFE antries as travel and occasional restaurant line now is 56 cents a gallon. Accordingly.. ls TEST OF ENDURANCE ~ating. They also soon discovered that they Mr. Harff normally only uses his 1966 Chevo­ (By Roy J. Harris, Jr.) were unable to s13,ve any money at all on their rolet for short drives to pickup a newspaper first monthly retirement benefits, which or a few grocery items. McKEESPORT, PA.-Reflecting on the 23 amounted to about $185 in Social Security Among Mr. Harff's other activities are such years that he spent as a pipe fitter's helper physical activities as cutting his own lawn at U.S. Steel Corp.'s Duquesne Works, Henry and $115 in private pension benefits. KEEPING UP and doing his own gardening, both of which Harff matter-of-factly says the experience he sees as investments in fitness as well as tested the limits of his endurance. From 1966 through 1973, the govern­ thrift measures. Both he and his wife enjoy "It was hard and it was hot and you ment's consumer price index jumped 36.9 %. reading and like to have the house filled sweated until you were soaking wet from The Harffs' income, like that of numerous with books, many of which they purchase head to foot," recalls Mr. Harff, who is 72 retired Americans, rose at more than twice for a dime each at a local flea market. And years old and has been retired for seven that rate, largely due to Social Security in­ Mr. Harff also sees to it that he gets to at­ years now. If his assignment happened to creases. Mr. Harff's private pension, how­ tend 10 wrestling matches a year in Pitts­ be repairing the pipes under a massive open­ ever, climbed by only 10 %. And because burgh-a little luxury (a ticket costs $2.50), hearth furnace, he says, "you couldn't hardly their Social Security benefits were so small but one that he isn't inclined to forgo. stay long enough to fit the wrench. You had to begin with, the Harffs' income, even with HOW MUCH DOES IT COST? to get out. because you couldn't breathe. In the increases, is still only slightly more than the open, you could have done the job in an the median annual income for elderly cou­ Almost everything the Harffs do is seen hour. But in that hell it was a different ples, last figured in 1972 by the Bureau of in terms of the money it costs, and this ex­ thing." Labor Statistics at $5,513. tends to such seemingly inexpensive pursuits There was danger, too: "If that furnace Mr~ Harff and his wife have adopted a as watching over the birds that frequent the would break, you'd be a puff of smoke." · routine of cashing the pension check, which couple's backyard. "You know it costs money The danger and the discomfort of the Du­ comes on the 28th of each month, and then to feed them," Mr. Hartt declares, and with quesne open hearths (all of which have since combining it with the cash from the Social pencil and paper he arrives at a $4-a-month been replaced by more modern equipment) Security check, which arrives on the 3rd. estimate for bread and seed. are just distant, if distinct, memories for From this modest kitty, they make their This attention to financial detail doesn't Henry Barff. But his endurance is still being payments. and hope to be even by the next extend to all areas of the Harff's expendi­ tested. Now, he and his 70-year-old wife, time the 28th rolls around. tures. As a general rule, they simply accept Gertrude, like millions of other Americans Since they own their house outright, the the fact that their total outflow equals their Harffs have no rent or mortgage payments total income. Mr. Harff, however, can cite living on retirement incomes, are laboring such specifics as the $480 a ye.ar that goes hard to keep inflation from destroying their to worry about. And while Mr. Harff says that there are school-district, borough and for medicine to treat such infirmities as Mrs. pride, if not their very lives. As Mr. Harff Harff's circulatory problems. The specter of puts it: "You have to keep alert to keep county property taxes totaling "several hundred dollars" a year to be paid, he adds even larger medical expenses-such as a hos.. alive." pital stay that might not be completely cov­ MAKING ENDS MEET that the couple's chief source of concern is ered by insurance-hangs over the couple So far, the Harffs have been able to make the price of food. Henry Harff considers fresh fruits and as a major worry, albeit one they prefer not ends meet and keep destitution from the to ponder too much. (The Barffs are covered doorstep of the yellow and green bungalow vegetables a necessity for good health. He by Medicare and Blue Cross insurance, the built 33 years ago by Mr. Barff in this indus­ was therefore elated when a friendly mar­ latter tied into the steelworkers• union re­ trial town a few miles up the Monongahela ket manager recently offered to sen him tirement system. Together, the two kinds of River from Pittsburgh. Indeed, because the spotted apples, bruised tomatoes and other insurance are supposed to pay full medical couple receive a monthly pension check of damaged but edible items at a discount. A costs, but Mr. Harff complains that once $132 in addition to their $341.70 monthly So­ recent jump in the price of tomatoes to 59 when he smashed his finger he had to pay cial Security payment-a total of $5,684.40 a cents a pound-more than double the 25 $15 of the $35 bill from. the doctor.) year-they are more fortunate than those cents a pound Mr. Harff remembers paying To take their m.inds off any morbid spec­ couples who are 65 and older and who live on only a few years ago-forced him to look for ulation about the future, the Barffs have a Social Security alone. (There are cur.rently the special deal, he says. major source of present enjoyment: their. two million couples aged 65 and over who Some food items have been completely family. Indeed, it is readily apparent that are receiving Social Security payments. Of eliminated from the Harff's shopping list. their daughter, tbree grandchildren and two this total, 80% receive no additional pension These include two of Mr. Harff's favorite great-grandchildren add a measure of vicari­ benefits-although they may have income mea1ls-ham and pork chops. When center­ ous youth and an abundance of happiness. to from other sources.) cut chops reached $1.39 a pound last year, the elderly couple's days-so much so that. Henry Harff,. however, doesn't view him­ he says, the couple started to buy link sau­ all thoughts of budgeting- seem to disappear self as fortunate at all. Rather, he sees him­ sage as a substitute. When that product also when the youngsters come to call. "If this self as the victim of a cruel joke, the irony climbed to $1.39 a pound, they switched to woman findS' out the .grandch,ildren don't lying in his current monetary plight after a fattier rolied sausage at 79 cents a pound. have shoes, she'll take money and buy The Harffs also buy only day-old bakel'y shoes," Mr. Harff says of his wife. And any lifetime of, as he puts it, "going through the items now, since the price of bread jumped mill." Looking back, he says, "If I had it all visit from a family member is likely to to do over again, this little 130-pounder to 56 cents for a big loaf, up from 25 cents 18 prompt a token gJ.ft. such as some rhubarb wouldn't have gone hunting all the. hard months ago. The day-old variety sells for from the yard. some soap powder, or perhaps. half price. an item that the Harffs purchased on sale. work I did. I worked like a jackass all my A typical midday meal in the Harff house .. life." The great-grandchildren rarely leave the. If Mr. Harff. isn't filled with prlde about hold consists of Braunschweiger sandwiches Harffs' house without a few coins clutched the fruits of his labor, he and Mrs. Harff and a. canned vegetable, the latter usually in their fists. nevertheless are proud when they consider purchased at a discount with the aid of "When you've got children, you lov~ th~m. •• tbat they have managed to survive without newspaper coupons that are kept stacked un­ Mr. Harff explains. "But when you've got der a centerpiece of the kitchen table. Their grandchildren, you lose your mind." going into debt~ "I'in clean and respected in granddaughter, Trudy Vandervort, visiting the community," Mr. Harff says. "I owe no with her son. David, observes that "if I ate A BIT OF RELIEF man anything." as much as they did, I'd starve." Gertrude The Harffs' financial situation will im­ INDEPENDENT SPmIT Harff, however, serenely assures her that prove to some extent in July. when a Social The Hartrs• almost puritanical concern "we're used to this.•• Security increase will go into effect, and with cleanliness, respect and financial inde­ The Harff's economizing has also involved again in August 1975 when Mr. Harff's pendence is evident after only a few min­ clothing, and their purchases. in this area monthly pension will be boosted by $26.40 utes in their house, which stands at the foot are currently contingent upon what bar.. (the result of a. recent- labor contract adden­ of an eroded hill on the outskirts of Mc­ gains can be found at a local flea market. !ium affecting past retirees). But even so, Keesport, just across the Monongahela. from Last year. they bought a winter coat for he is skeptical about whether he will be able the Duquesne works. The bungalow's Spar-­ Mrs. Barff for $4, but Mr. Harff points out to do more than keep up with the price of tan kitchen and living room are spotless.. that the total cost was. actually somewhat food, taxes and other costs. And conversation with a recent visitor higher because some alterations were need­ Today, Mr. Harff wishes that he had had quickly turns to a worrisome subJect: the ed. (Even so, Mrs. Vandervort is impressed. more years of service with U.S. Steel, which cost of riving. · "I can't find bargains like that," she tells would have brought him a heftier pension, "It seems the older you get, the more her grandmother. "They must feel sorry for or that he had thought more about saving you're punished for being old," Mr. Harff you.") money for his retirement. He sighs when he muses. "'If you find a retiree older than I Occasionally. the Harffs drive to a nearby talks about a. friend aZ his, a recently retired am, y.ou11 find a beggar." shopping center, but it isn't always to shop. steelworkers who is receiving far higher be-ne­ In their early retirement years, the "They go up to Zayre's and Just, watch the ftts from a newer contract and was therefore Harffs countered the shock of losing their people," Mrs. Vandervort says. And even their able to take a vacation trip to Hawall. "It $650-a-month working income by restrict­ people-watching isn•t a free pleasure, as Mr. didn't cost a million," Mr. Harff says, "but ing-and finally eliminating-such pleas- Barff reminds his granddaughter, since gaso- it cost quite a bit." OXX--1172-Part 14 18590 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 If he and his wife could afford a trip, exiles, and of those held at the Security sta­ FUEL CELLS-ANOTHER SPACE Henry Harff says, they would go to Europe tions, visited the Minister of Publk: Order so that he could visit a cousin in Germany Tsoumani. They asked for freedom for their SPINOFF MAKES GOOD and she could see Holland. If they could people, or to allow visiting privileges. His save $10 or $20 a week, he muses, they might answer was: "I can do nothing. It is a gov­ go. But then he returns to reality: "I can't ernment matter. You are right. But you HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE even dream about that," he says, noting that must be patient." They told him that he is OF TEXAS in seven yea.rs they haven't saved a. dime. the one who signs the rejection papers so he cannot contend that he can do nothing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He gave no answer. They gave him two res­ Monday, June 10, 1974 olutions-applications in the cases of the INHUMAN TORTURES AT THE prisoners Papariga and Tsiokos. He promised Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the May SECURITY OFFICES AND ESA to study the matter, repeating that it was 1974 edition of Government Executive just a governmental problem. magazine carried a significant article on Tsoumani then called an agency for in­ the application of fuel cells developed HON. BELLA S. ABZUG formation and told the prisoners' wives that in our national program to provide power the Court Martial will decide their fate. He for our homes and industry. This im­ OF NEW YORK was shown the bloody clothes of the pris­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oner Gontika, and could only shake his portant development, as the article points out, is being readied today for Monday, June 10, 1974 he-ad sadly. Tsoumani receives people in audience with use. It represents another example of the Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, a repre­ two persons in attendance who appar­ direct benefits our space program is pro­ sentative of the American Committee for ently follow his discussions and replies. The viding to the quality of life of the people Democracy in Greece has sent me a prisoners' families then visited the foreign of this Nation. The article follows: press agencies and told them about the translation of an article which appeared plight of the politi<::al prisoners. FuEL CELLS--ANOTHER SPACE SPINOFF in the London-based Greek-language Gontika's wife received her husband's MAKES GOOD newspaper Eleftheria Patrldo on May 2. bloodstained underwear on April 2. She too For the very distant future-say the third The newspaper story details charges of saw Tsoumanis and then went to the Red decade of the 21st Century-the space buffs torture and atrocities committed against Cross, whose representative tried unsuc­ talk of wondrous satellite systems capable political prisoners held by the military cessfully to see the prisoners. The Security of collecting solar energy and transmitting dictatorship that rules Greece. Unfortu­ promised, however, to allow Gontika to see it by microwave to earthbound power plants. his wife. Instead, on April 7, they gave her But, at the moment, another space pro­ nately, torture of political prisoners re­ three changes of his clothes. They were gram spinoff benefit--the fuel cell-seems mains a widespread practice and it must bloody, smeared with excrement and hair. a good bet to contribute significantly toward be condemned wherever it appears. I They also returned, half-eaten, the food she the easing of the Nation's energy pinch in hope that the State Department will look brought for him. the relatively near term-which is to say, into these charges and, if it finds they On April 10, they showed prisoners, in in the early 1980s. are true, that it will issue a public protest groups of five, to their relatives. Among First practical application of the fuel cell against such violations of human them was Gontikas who was supported by for producing electricity and water occurred decency. his comrades. He had no fingernails or toe­ in the U.S. manned space program. The Na­ nails. He is only 27 years old and looked 60; tional Aeronautics and Space Administration The article follows: only his eyes shone like two suns. His young used the power conversion devices in its INHUMAN TORTURES AT THE SECURITY wife wept. Their lY:z year old daughter gave Gemini, Apollo and Skylab programs. Fuel OFFICES AND ESA him a flower but he couldn't hold it in his cells built by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft pow­ ATHENS, April 25.-It is now known that broken hands. ered Apollo and Skylab spacecraft, and the 50 patriots who disappeared on Good Other prisoners are similarly maltreated supplying fuel cells for the Space Shuttle Thursday morning, April 11, from the Secu­ and in spite of their guards' warnings, some program. rity Building where they had been held since managed to show their families their torn To critics who claim the free enterprise February 19, are in the Boyati prison (a few and swollen feet--the result of the "fal­ system has been apathetic about develop­ miles outside Athens-NS). They are being langa." A girl student whose name and age ing technology needed to ease the energy subjected to inhuman, medieval tortures. were not available was kept in a cell at the pinch, the cooperative private sector program Among the 50 are Nicos Kaloudis, who has Security building for two months, with five to develop fuel cells for commercial use is had three heart attacks; Nicos Koutroumbas, sex deviates whose behavior caused her to instructive. who had had one heart attack, and serious suffer severe nervous shock. Soon after Pratt & Whitney won the Apollo war injuries; Antonis Ambatielos, over 60 The military court sentenced Maria Had­ fuel cell contract, it moved to open up the and in poor health; Yiannis Pa.lavas, also jinicalaou and Panos Papadopoulos to 2 years commercial market for the devices. very ill; and many more with equally seri­ in prison even though the prosecutor had The first commercial breakthrough oc­ ous health problems. asked for 1 year. During the trial both pris­ curred in the gas industry in 1962 at a time According to verified information, groups oners exhibited scars and wounds from their gas companies were steadily losing customers of specialized torturers have been formed tortures. Papadopoulos had been tortured in to electric u tillties. and moved to the Boyati prison where they the genitals. They had wrapped him in news­ That year, a P&W team headed by Wil­ work steadily 24 hours a day torturing the papers, ignited the paper, and at the same liam H. Podolny provided a 500-watt experi­ political prisoners to force them to admit to time shocked his body with electricity. They mental unit for a Columbia Gas Systems the preposterous accusations that Mallios placed a gadget in his mouth that causes pumping station at Stanton, Ky. and Paulos have concocted. The prisoners are asphyxia and which they call "wolf." For In 1966, P&W set up a 3.75-kilowatt fuel passed from one group of torturers to the both prisoners, the well-known torturer Kar­ cell unit for Columbia Gas, and, in January next. In addition to the questioning, threats, apanayotis was the witness for the prose­ 1967, 28 gas utilities formed a nonprofit cor­ loss of sleep, and forced standing, each cution. poration called TARGET (Team to Advance "group" beats the prisoners with brass In Perlssos (a village-NS) at the Cendarme Research for Gas Energy Transformation) knuckles and clubs. If a prisoner faints he is building, many students have been held for to work with P&W in developing natural gas doused with buckets of water. On regaining 2 and 3 months. The student Niakis Balaou­ fuel cells to generate economic electric power consciousness, he is moved to the next group. ras was released in April and Grivas and at onsite locations such as apartment build­ Mallios and Mihelis have told some pris­ Damigos were sent to Youra. ings and shopping centers. More than three oners' families that their people are in Boy­ Topoulian, a civil engineer, was arrested in dozen experimental gas units now are op­ ati but as prisoners of the General Security the beginning of April by 8 military police erating in the United States and Japan. of Athens and not of ESA (military police). and is being held incommunicado at the Throughout the 1960s, electric utilities re­ Paulos said on Good Thursday that the pris­ ESA of Agia Pataskeui. His family is not mained cool to the potential of the fuel cell. oners "were moved to Boyati so they could But when four utilities that supply both gas fare better." It is now evident that this trans­ allowed to visit him. and electricity joined the Target effort in fer was made with the understanding that On Good Friday, parents of prisoners and 1971, Podolny's team took a closer look at Ioannides' ESA torturers would take over. those being tortured, asked to see the Arch­ electric power fuel cell applications. Authorities are now trying to build up a case bishop Serafim. Serafim answered through In November 1971, 10 electric utility com­ in order to start a spectacular trial which his secretary that, "Today is Good Friday and panies and the Edison Electric Institute un­ they hope will conceal the mass murder of he 1s totally absorbed with the Cruc1fl.ed One." derwrote a $3 million P&W study program, students last November a.s well a.s their other At that moment, torturers were crucifying and last year another $9 million was pumped crimes. dozens of patriots, apparently with his knowl­ into the program by the Electric Power Re­ On April 3, wives of political prisoners and edge and blessing. search Institute. June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18591 A few months ago, . Pratt & \V!'litney an­ was the type of person who went be­ which are contained in the pending res-­ nounced a program ·wi1lh an e·xpected even­ yond what was required of her to insure olutions of impeachment, the President tual price tag of $200 million to develop a that those who needed help were given is charged with other high crimes and . 26-megawatt fuei celr for- electric util~ties to supplement traditional steam, nuclear, gas it. She never failed her city in tasks misdemeanors. The President's most re­ turbine and hydro-generation methods. both big and small and will be greatly cent refusal to comply with subpenas are Funding arrangements, for the program are missed by many people. still more grounds for impeachment. The unprecedented in the industry. P&W is put­ I would like at this time to insert this fact of the matter is, the President is ting up $14 million, and nine utilities are­ editorial concerning her, from the Parma charged with impeachable. offenses that contributing $7 million for a prior demon­ Sun Post, into the RECORD: can only be resolved by a trial in the stration un1t during the first phase. And the THEY CARED Senate. electric companies are providing $28 million Mr. Speaker, it is not the duty nor the as down payments on 56 fuel cell plants, They cared. They were there when help some targeted for as early as 1978. was needed. They served their communities responsibility of the House to conduct a Each 26-megawatt-plant will be capable of with dedication and honor. trial on the charges. against the Presi­ serving electrical needs of 20,000 people. Councilman Elizabeth Wachs died May 24. dent. The President's counsel can claim While the. plants will not be large enough to For 27 years she served with great distinc­ what he wishes, but we need only find meet base.. load power demands, they are tion as a legislator in Brooklyn. merit in the charges. My own determina­ viewed as importa·nt complementary sources. Cleveland councilman Michael Zone, a city tion is that the President has violated for existing generation systems during in-ter­ legislator since 19.60, died June 2. Few have. ever matched him as a concerned public his oath of office and committed im­ mediate and peak-load periods and are ex­ peachable offenses. pected to suppfy as much as l5 % of the official. yearly add-on in industry capacity. Both will be missed. Not only by those Only a Senate trial can now determine Fuel cells have many advantages over tra­ who knew them on council or by those who if the President.is innocent of all charges ditional generation methods. Among these: they aided in times ·or distress, but by any­ against him. It is the responsibility of the They chemically convert fossil fuel to one who took the time to really view them House to be the people's advocate, the processed fuel rich in hydrogen, which then as "people oriented" legislators-councilmen prosecutor if you wilL It is only the Sen­ is converted to electricity, without combus­ with the qu·anty to go beyond tl'l.eir normal duties. ate's duty to be a Jury~ tion or moving, parts. Air, water, thermal and The President, is charged with. crimes noise pollution are all but eliminated-an Cleveland Council President George Forbes important plus ror electric utfiities which described Zone as "a patient and understand­ against the. people. of the United States. have been favorite targets. of environmen­ ing father without any generation gap, a Yet we carry on business as usual~ and talists.. devoted son and a friend of all-a friend the President is leaving the country while The devices a-re highly efficient. whose sage advice was sought by the politi­ still under serious unresolved charges. Any liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuel cian and treasured by the newest immi • This is a subject that should and must can be used in the conversion process. For grant:• have the utmost attention of the the future, synthetic natural gas made from Brooklyn Mayor John Coyne said Mrs. Wachs was not only an excellent councilman Congress. coal ls a possibility. New units, however, will The impeachment of President Nixon use distlllate fuel at first and perhaps heav­ "but a friend to all, one who was concerned ier oils later. enough to do more than anyone could ex­ must be the first priority of this Con­ Because a fuel cell can draw more energy pect of her." She always found time, he gress. I urge the House Judiciary Com­ from a fuel source than conventional s.ta­ continued, to lend a hand in any difficult sit­ mittee to bring this matter to a quiclt tions can, limited fuel supplies can be con­ uation-whether it was a small problem a vote in the House and a speedy trial in served. "When there are limited supplies of resident faced or the creation of a. major city the Senate. distillate fuel," Podolny says, "it is important project. that we get the maximum amount of en­ They left an endless lfst of accomplish­ ergy out of what. is available." ments to their credit. And there were al­ Plant. siting problems. are reduced. Units ways the smaller difficulties they helped solve that only their constituents wlll know about.. SAUNDRA TAYLOR NAMED MISS can be deployed either individually or in BLACK JOLIET· multiples, according to demands of an in­ We mourn the deaths of both public dividual electric company. They do not in.­ officials. trude on the landscape, and can be located But they left behind some things to be­ HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN in congested urban areas., suburbs or rural lieve in, some things to cherish. areas. A 26-megawatt unit can be sited on Honestly. Loyalty. Dependab1llty. Respect­ OF ILLINOIS half an acre. ability. Dedication. That's what Michael Zone IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Elizabeth Wachs stood for. Participating with P & W in the privately­ Monday, June 10, 1974 financed. endeavor are Boston Edison, Con­ But most of all they eared. solidated Edison of New York, Consumers· Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, recently Power Co. of Michigan, New England Elec­ Saundra Taylor of my hometown was tric, Niagara Mohawk of New York, North­ selected as Miss Black Joliet. I want to east Utilities of Connecticut. Philadelphia IMPEACHMENT SHOULD BE THE take this opportunity to congratulate Ms. Electric, Public Service Electric and Gas. of FIRST PRIORITY OF BUSINESS New Jersey and Southern California Edison. Taylor on her achievement and wish her The. program got under way without Gov­ similar success when 8he competes for ernment support. While Justifiably proud of. HON .. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. the title of Miss. Black lliinois in Chicago. RECORD the private sector's accomplishments1 how­ OP CALIFORNIA I am submitting for the an ever, Pratt & Whitney, noting the ne..w inter­ account of her victory that appeared in est In. Washington, D.C .• 1n advanced energy­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the Joliet Herald-News·~ related technoiogies, has let it be known that Monday, June 10, 1914 JJC STUDENT SINGER SELECTED Miss BLACK "we would welcome Government participa­ JOLIET tion 1n our program." Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speaker, the subject of the impeachment Saundra Taylor is Miss- Black Joliet 1974. of President Richard M. Nixon has re­ The 18-year-old Ms. Taylor is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. LewiS Taylor of 1912 South ceived the attention it deserves in the Chicago St. A graduate of Joliet East High ELIZABETH WACHS news media of this country. This subject School and now in her second year at Joliet is the most important question facing the Junior College, where she has been preparing Nation and it cannot remain unresolved. for a career in special education, Ms. Taylor HON. JAMES V. STANTON Yet the House and the Senate appear to will head next for the Miss Black IlUJJ.ois OF OHIO be insensitive to the need to resolve this Contest in Chicago. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES question as soon as possible. It. is only Ms. Taylor was selected Saturday evening from among six finalists in the fourth annual Monday, June 10, 1974 natural that the President would attempt event. Mary Alice Banks, 18, of 2217 Fairmont to delay any congressional decision, but Ave. in Lockport was first runner-up. Gina Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. Speak­ his actions should only strengthen the Rutledge, also 18, of 1511 Cutter Ave. was er,_ on May 24, Elizabeth Wachs, a dis­ will of the Congress to move ahead. second runner-up. tinguished member of the Brooklyn, We now know that a Federal grand All girls were judged 1n talent, swimsuit Ohio, City Council, passed away. She gave jury unanimously found the President to and evening gown competition at the Joliet 2'1 ~ of her lUe to serving her people be a coconspirator in the Watergate Central High School Auditorium. The con­ and her magnificent community. She coverup. In addition to those charges, test was sponsored by the Women's Auxmary 18592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10~ 1974 for Concerned Veterans of Vietnam and the Ann J. Boller, Vice Chairman and Secre­ *James A. McDivitt, BG-USAF, Apollo Freedom Club of Joliet. tary. Spacecraft Mgr., Natl. Aeronautics & Space No stranger to the contest, Ms. Taylor ha.s *Loring McMlllen, Committee's Historian, Administration, Houston, Texas. viewed the proceedings for the la.st two yea.rs, Director, S.I. Historical Society, Richmond­ Hallett D. Edson, BG-Ret, Exec. Vice Pres., but not as a. contestant. A member of the town, NY, ARBC. National Association for Uniformed Services, "Stylesetters" entertainers, she participated. **Oliver Jensen, Editor, American Heritage Arlington, Va. in the contest shows during the last two Publishing Co., Inc., Fifth Avenue, New York. William C. LaMorte, President, Kiwanis yea.rs. William E. Milacek, Commander, Catholic Club of North Shore Staten Island, York This yea.r, Ms. Taylor sang "My Imagina­ War Veterans, Department of New York State. Avenue, S.I., N.Y. tion" in the talent competition. Raymond C. Fingado, Administrative As­ *John T. Satriale, Esq., Former N.Y.S. As­ sistant, S.I., N.Y. Historical Society Rich­ semblyman, New York, New York; ARBC. mondtown. *Rabbi William Berkowitz, President, The Nathan L. Wolfson, Commander, Jewish New York Board of Rabbis, Inc., New York, FORT WADSWORTH COMMITTEE War Veterans, Department of New York New York. FOR A LIVING NATIONAL PARK State. J. Joseph Smith, Past County Commander, MEMORIAL Frank F. DiSogra, Commander, Veterans of Chairman Life Membership Committee, Dept. Foreign Wars, Richmond County Council, S.I., of New York, Vets. of Foreign Wars. N.Y. Alfrend M. Francia, Chef De Gare, Societe HON. LESTER L. WOLFF *Karl B. Justus, Executive Director, Mili­ 40 Hammes, 8 Chevaux (The Forty & Eight) OF NEW YORK tary Chaplains Association of U.S.A., Wash­ The American Legion, Loe. 595, S.I. ington, D.C. **August Heckscher, Administrator, Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Robert W. Garlinger, Commander, The missioner of Parks, The City of New York, Monday, June 10, 1974 American Legion, Department of New York Parks, Rec. & Cultural Affairs. State. Charles Phillips Sturges, Governor General, Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, Leo A. Warren S. Woodward, Exec. Sec., National General Society of Colonial Wars, Chicago, Boller, chairman of the Fort Wads­ Society Sons American Revolution, Natl. Illinois. worth Committee for a Living National Hdqrs, Washington, D.C. Berna.rd Berggren, Area Vice President, Park Memorial, has been active in try­ Frank J. Schira, Exec. Director, National Area II, American Association of Retired ing to help our POW's and MIA's. He has Police Officers Assoc. American, Natl. Head­ Persons, S.I., N.Y. obtained signatures of many students of quarters, Florida.. *Dr. James J. Flynn, Chairman, History & Kenneth T. Jackson, Sec-Treas., Society of Political Science Dept., St. Francis College, the New York area, and he, the students, American Historians, Columbia University, Bklyn; Historian of Queens, AREC. and members of the committee have New York. • • Lester L. Wolff, Member of Congress, taken their message to the United Na­ James H. Driscoll, Secretary, National Congress of the U.S., House of Representa­ tions. Democratic Club, Madison Avenue, New York. tives, Wash. D.C. (Queens) In hope that further recognition will Robert D. Carter, Acting Executive Di­ *Rev. Edward Lodge Curran, Ph. D., Pastor, help Mr. Boller in his worthy efforts, I rector, Blinded Veterans Association, Wash­ St. Sebastian's Roman Catholic Church, would like to insert a letter from Mr. ington, D.C. Woodside, N.Y.; AREC. Boller and a list of the members of the Edward S. Malone, Past National Executive * *George Meany, President, American Fed­ Committeeman, Disabled American Veterans, eration of Labor & Congress of Industrial Fort Wadsworth Committee for a Living New York. Organizations, Wash., D.C. National Park Memorial in the RECORD J.B. Koch, Commander, Veterans of World *Harold B. Say, Editor, The Stars and for the attention of my colleagues: War I of USA, Nat,lonal Headquarters, Stripes, The National Tribune, Washington, MAY 28, 1974. Alexandria, Virginia. D.C. Hon. LESTER L. WOLFF, Edward J. Kiernan, President, Patrolmen's *Matthew J. Troy, Jr., Councilman, The House of Representaitves, Rayburn House Benevolent Association of N.Y.C. Police De­ City of New York, 16th District, Queens, Office Building, Washington, D.C. partment. N.Y.; ARBC. DEAR CONGRESSMAN WOLFF: As a. member Thomas J. Mooney, Vice President, United *George 0. Pratt, Jr., Director, Staten of this Committee,• Congress Wolff, you States National Student Association, Wash­ Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, S.I., will be pleased to know that we held a ington, D.C. N.Y. "Students' Petition Day at the United Na­ Frank C. Finl, Executive Director, Air *Alexander B. Lyon, Jr., Vice President of tions for our MIAs and POWs" on Ma.y 24, Force Sergeants Association, Washington, Corporation Trust Dept. of Chemical Bank, 1974 at 11 : 00 A.M. The honorable Bradford D.C. N.Y.; Treasurer of ARBC. Morse, Under-Secretary-General of the Margaret S. Cirbus, Corresp. Secretary, *Rabbi I. Usher Kirshblum, Jewish Center United Nations most graciously received the Soroptimist Club of S.I., N.Y. (Professional of Kew Gdns. Hills & Vice Pres. of Queens students, educators and members of this & Business women). Interfaith Clergy Council; ARBC. Committee in his boardroom on the thirty­ *Louis R. Bruce, Commissioner, Bureau of *Edward Whitney, President, The Citizens eighth floor of the United Nations. Mr. Morse Indian Affairs, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Wash­ Committee of Brooklyn, Inc., Brooklyn, N.Y.; assured us that he would set this huma.ni­ ington, D.C. ARBC. taria.n endeavor in motion for our M!As and John M. York, Commander, Veterans of **Barry Goldwater, United States Senator, POWs. The five Borough Presidents of New Foreign Wars, Department of New York State. Arizona, United States Senate, Washington, York City a.nd Nassau and Suffolk County Howard H. Spooner, Commander, Veterans D.C. Executives kindly proclaimed this day. After of World War I of USA, S.I. Barracks #2524, ARBC-Members of N.Y.C. American Revo­ the presentation we were given a private S.I., N.Y. lution Bicentennal Citizens Committee. tour of the United Nations. The students' Vicent A. Tabano, President, The Honor Joseph J. Richie, Adjutant, Staten Island enthusiasm in being instrumental in saving Legion of the Police Department of the City Detachment #1, Marine Corps League, Staten our mens' lives is inspiring and they were of New York. Island, NY. pleased to know that the President was a.ware *Colonel Harold G. Barry, The Chief Sec­ *Orval A. Taylor, Lt. Colonel, Commander, of wha.t they were trying to accomplish. Ma.ny retary, The Salvation Army, Territorial Head­ Greater N.Y. Unified Command, The Salva­ pla.n to continue to obtain signatures from quarters, N.Y. tion Army, NY. their schoolmates and if this could be read • • Henry Allen Moe, President and Board Peter Holowecki, Commander, The Ameri­ into the Congressional Record, it may en­ Chairman, New York State Historical As­ can Legion, Williston Post #144, Williston courage more to join in this patriotic en­ sociation, New York. Park, LI, NY. deavor for our servicemen and their families. Francis L. Butt, National Commander, John P. Tipping, County Commander, The On or about July 4, 1974 a. subsequent de­ The Boys' Brigade of America, Baltimore, American Legion, Nassau County, Long livery to the United Nations will be made ..• Maryland. Island, New York. for our men's independence on our Independ­ *Floyd B. Taylor, National Park Service **Stanley K. Hathaway, Governor, State ence Day!!! Landmarks Specialist, U.S. Dept. of Interior, of Wyoming, Executive Department, Chey­ (Student petitions were received from N.P. Service, NY. enne, Wyoming. Metropolitan New York, Rochester, N.Y., New William B. Flynn, President, Retired Patrol­ • *Jacob K. Javits, United States Sena.tor, Jersey, and New Mexico.) mens Association, Inc., N.Y. Police Depart­ New York, United States Senate, Washing­ ment, N.Y. ton, D.C. With very best wishes, • *Ralph G. Caso, Nassau County Executive, Sincerely, Steve Hallock, National Adjutant, Army LEO A. BOLLER, and Navy Union, U.S.A., National Headquar­ Mineola, N.Y.; Chairman of Metropolitan Chairman. ters, Niles, Ohio. Regional Council. Salvatore Violante, Commander, Disabled • *Robert B. Docking, Governor, State of FORT WADSWORTH COMMITTEE FOR A LIVING American Veterans, Astoria Chapter #29, Kansas, Office of the Governor, Topeka, NATIONAL PARK MEMORIAL Long Island City, N.Y. Kansas. Leo A. Boller, Chairman, Retired, N.Y.C. ••John M. Murphy, Member of Congress, Nell G. Knowles, National Commander, Police Department, Member of Honor Legion Congress of the U.S., House of Representa­ Catholic Wa.r Veterans of USA, Natl. Hdqrs., of Police Dept. tives, Wash., DC. (S.I.) Washington, D.C. June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18593 *Dr. Joseph J. Palisi, Borough Historian stitutional. If the Congress wishes to 30 per cent smaller--directly attributed to of Brooklyn, Borough Hall, Brooklyn, New abolish busing, then under our Constitu­ ferrochrome imports of which Rhodesia is York. tion the only way this can be done is the largest source. Joseph Jastry, Department Commander, AMVETS Department of New York, Hamburg, through a constitutional amendment. The facts reveal that the very opposite New York. I am opposed to the Esch amendment has been the case During the period the Donald R. Sloane, President, Sons of the to the ESEA because it is unconstitu­ United States had its embargo on Rho­ Revolution in State of New York, Fraunces tional and even if it were not, it takes desian chrome (1966-1971), U.S. ferro­ Tavern Museum, NYC. away from each school district the chrome production decreased steadily. It Amadeo F. Rodriquez, Commandant, necessary flexibility needed to obtain was only after the United States lifted Greater N.Y. Detachment #1, Marine Corps educational excellence for our students. this embargo that Rhodesian chromite League, New York County. We must not lose sight of the fact that Gordon V. Greve, Commander, Military became available to the American ferro­ Order of the Purple Heart of USA, Greater the critical issue is educational excel­ chrome industry again, production in­ N.Y. Chapter 126. lence for all of our children. As the creased dramatically. It was in 1973 that Dorothy Frooks, National Commander, Grand Rapids Press stated in an April U.S. ferrochrome producers regained Women World War Veterans, Inc.-Army, 15 editorial: most of the ground they had lost during Navy, Marines, Coast Guard, Air Force. The first [point to be stressed] is that the embargo period. The real problem **Abraham D. Beame, Mayor of the City busing is one of those semi-spurious issues regarding a loss of jobs was due to the of New York, Office of the Mayor, City Hall, which is debated and thrust before the pub­ imposition of the embargo and not the New York City. lic not so much to solve a. problem a.sit is to repeal of the embargo. In fact, a reimpo­ Elliott S. Farbstein, Commander, The trip up or embarrass a political opponent. sition of this embargo would cause a job American Legion, East Side Post 868, New Such issues . . . are guaranteed to excite York, New York. emotions to such an extent that a lawmaker loss for the American worker. * *Bruce King, Governor, State of New who feels compelled to cling to what he con­ The article also stated: Mexico, Office of the Governor, Santa Fe, New siders high principle or constitutional theory When dealing with Members of Congress, Mexico. sometimes finds himself in the minority and company spokesmen never documented pos­ M. H. Wiggins, Regent, Natl. Society, is buried by popular opinion. sible job loss due to any adherence to the Daughters of Amer. Revolution, Major Rhodesian boycott. Thomas Wickes Chap., Douglaston, NY. *John R. Ray, Director, Nassau County The opposite has been true. Steel com­ Veterans Service Agency, Carle Place, New pany spokesmen and members of the York. AMERICAN JOBS AND RHODESIAN United Steelworkers Union have pro­ **George C. Wallace, Governor, State of CHROME vided facts and figures time and time Alabama, Governor's Office, Montgomery, again on the impact of the embargo on Alabama.. HON. BILL ARCHER jobs. A strong and effective case has been *Honored Committee Members. made by concerned steelworkers and * *Honorary Committee Members. OF TEXAS company representatives that repeal of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Byrd amendment with the reimposi­ Monday, June 10, 1974 tion of the boycott would have disas­ BUSING-A LOCAL OPTION FOR Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, our coun­ trous consequences for the specialty steel QUALITY EDUCATION try has been faced with critical shortages industry. of vital materials needed for American Another distortion which occurs in the industry. We need to be alert to any article concerns financial interests of HON. RICHARD F. VANDERVEEN present shortages and any shortages certain companies. It states: OF MICHIGAN which may develop in the future. This Union Carbide and Foote Mineral a.re not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coincidentally the most prominent lobbyists has been one of the major reasons why I for Rhodesia-for they have multimillion Monday, June 10, 1974 have been concerned with the attempt of dollar investments in that oountry and seek some Members of Congress to have the to protect their holdings. Mr. VANDER VEEN. Mr. Speaker, United States impose an embargo again busing should neither be prohibited in on Rhodesian chrome. As we all know, An examination of the record reveals nor forced upon local communities by Rhodesian chrome is vital to the produc­ that Union Carbide has not had opera­ the U.S. Congress in the pursuit of tion of specialty steel products--espe­ tional control of any Rhodesian facilities equalizing educational opportunities for cially stainless steel. If we reestablish for more than 7 years and receives no in­ all children. It is not the answer to the this embargo, it would seriously harm a come from Rhodesian sources while larger problem of raising the economic critical industry in the United States and Foote Mineral Corp. does not own any status of minorities and inner city it would result in the loss of jobs for the property in Rhodesia. neighborhoods, a condition precedent to American worker. The need for Rhodesian chrome for improved education. My recent concern has been with the the specialty steel industry is vital. I re­ I am in favor of local solutions to the attempts of proponents of this embargo spectfully suggest that the opponents of problem of providing equal educational to rely on inaccurate and misleading in­ the Byrd amendment take time to review opportunities for all children. In some formation in order to promote their case. their statements for accuracy before areas and under some circumstances, An example of this type of distortion ap­ they put them forth as part of the de­ school systems may choose to use busing peared in the April 7, 1974, issue of Steel bate on this vital issue. in pursuit of educational excellence, Labor, a magazine of the United Steel­ while in other places and other situa­ workers of America. This article was in­ tions, busing may be wholly inappropri­ serted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of WHERE DOES IT HURT? ate. I am against a legislative prohibi­ May 30, 1974 (16932-16934). The arti­ tion of busing because it reduces flexibil­ cle claims that Rhodesian chrome caused ity at the local level. I am equally against HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL a reduction of American jobs and that OF NEW YORK a congressional requirement of busing for proponents of importing Rhodesian the same reason. I believe that the use chrome have large :financial interests in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of busing should be an option available Rhodesia. Both of these charges are in­ Monday, June 10, 1974 to, but not forced upon, local communi­ accurate. The article from Steel Labor Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the ties. states: state of health care is one of the most Furthermore, our democratic process The pressure of low-cost imports of ferro­ important social issues facing the Na­ rests upon a vigorous checks and bal­ chrome from Rhodesia began to be felt only tion today. Americans are spending $94.1 ances system which has always included months after passage of the Byrd Amend­ billion a year on health care-$441 for a strong and independent judicial ment, which "sanctioned" the U.S. to vio­ each man, woman, and child-yet this branch. In our system it is the responsi­ late our international obligations and deal with the rump government created by Rho­ Nation ranks worse than 11 other coun­ bility of the courts to interpret the Con­ desian racists. Today seven USWA locals who tries in life expectancy and 26 nations stitution, and for the Congress to involve once employed 2,800 workers 1n four com­ in infant mortality. The only category itself in this process by telling the courts panies in Ohio, West Virginia, South Carolina in which we rank first is cost. Americans what they cannot do is clearly uncon- and Alabama now have a work force almost pay more per person for health care than 18594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 citizens of any other industrialized na­ caid. They've also got a lot of clout at HEW the cost of an operation he had scheduled tion. and the White House." the next day would be paid by the patient's There is no conceivable reason why Insurance companies and their executives group medical insurance. Welby asked if that the wealthiest, most technically and sci­ have been big Nixon contributors. Clement "isn't true in most of your cases?" Jeliff re­ entifically advanced nation on Earth Stone, president of Combined Insurance, plied, "No. I'm sorry to say many of those topped the list in 1972 with a $2 million gift who need insurance the most don't have it." cannot also be the healthiest. to the Committee to Reelect the President. Questioned about the cuts, the producers Nearly everyone agrees that "some­ Nixon has shown his appreciation in the conceded that certain changes had been made thing ought to be done." With the addi­ kinds of health reforms he has proposed to "during editing." tion of President Nixon's proposal Con­ Congress a.nd in the way his HEW adminis­ Besides the AMA and the private insur­ gress has accumulated for consideration trators have conducted their end of the ance industry, lobbies like Blue Cross and the 48 separate "health reform" bills. health care business. HEW, as we demon­ American Hospital Association (AHA) carry The New Leader recently devoted an strated earlier, has suppressed its own audi­ some weight on the Hill, though Blue Cross entire issue to the medical crisis in tors' reports of Medicare and Medicaid abuses observes a. nominal neutrality toward bills by "fiscal intermediaries." It has also dis­ under consideration. ("We support certain America. Titled "Where Does it Hurt?" played a reluctance to air data that might principles," says George Kelley, its chief lob­ the report was written by Richard J. make the commercial insurance industry byist, "but we don't take stands on legisla­ Margolis. look bad. tion.") Since the health ca.re community is I commend this issue to all my col­ Not long ago Blue Cross sent out a. news a loose coalition of interest groups, each leagues and will insert portions of it in release based on an HEW research study scrambling for the dollar, the lobbying or­ the RECORD this week. showing how its customers got back in bene­ ganizations do not always agree. For in­ The first excerpt, "The Politics of fits a higher percentage of their premiums stance, during last fall's Congressional de­ Health Reform," compares the principal than did commercial insurance customers bate over the Emergency Medical Service bill, (Social Security Bulletin, February 1973). a measure that would have pumped Federal competing health reform bills now before The very next day Blue Cross' information funds into hospital emergency units if the the Congress: The Health Security Act director, Joseph S. Nagelschmidt, received a President had not vetoed it, the AHA found (H.R. 22), the Long-Ribicoff catastroph­ call from an HEW official asking him to with­ itself arrayed against the AMA. (The AMA ic insurance proposal, the Kennedy­ draw the release. According to Nagelschmidt, won when the House, by four votes, failed to Mills bill, and the administration plan. the official claimed to be acting on instruc­ override the veto.) The article follows: tions from the White House. "They got a Nevertheless, at this stage of the game the complaint from Clement Stone," Nagel­ private lobbies recognize that they have much THE PoLrrICS OF HEALTH REFORM schmidt says he was told. The release was in common and frequently they synchronize No one in Washington nowadays, except withdrawn. their ad hoc campaigns. Late last year, all for an occasional AMA lobbyist, worries about The nation's second most effective health the big-letter lobbies-AHA, HIAA and Federal intrusions into our private health care lobby is the AMA. Its political a.rm, the AHA-got together in strategy sessions in­ ca.re system. It is at least eight years and $80 American Medical Political Action Commit­ tended to make the impending HMO bill con­ billion too late for such misgivings. What tee (AMPAC), spent more than $3 million form more nearly to their interests. Among many people do worry about, and endlessly on Congressional elections in 1972, distrib­ other things, they a.greed to press for "dual debate, is the precise nature of future Fed­ uting largesse to all candidates willing to choice," a provision putting private insur­ eral involvement: How much will it cost, who sponsor "Medicredit," the AMA-backed blll ance plans on at lea.st an equal competitive will-pay for it and what groups, ultimately, that was submitted to Congress in 1970. The footing with HMOs (at the same time, they will benefit? measure at present ha.s more than 180 spon­ opposed requiring employers to include In addition, there is much fretting over sors, including a sprinkling of northern HMOs in the choice of insurance packages the question of control, because everybody in Democrats. offered to employes). Blue Cross representa­ Washington knows that having a hand on Money accounts for much but not all of tives attended some of these sessions, despite the administrative steering wheel of,ten en­ the AMA's political effectiveness. The asso­ their insistence that they could take no titles one to have the other hand in the Fed­ ciation enjoys an inner strength .a.s well be­ position on proposed legislation. eral pocketbook. Thus, the desks of our Con­ cause it believes its own mythology. While THE LIBERAL LOBBY gressmen, and maybe their wastebaskets a.s the rest of us despair of discovering a sen­ well, are overflowing with measures that pur­ The lobbying scales a.re thus tipped heavily sible path through the health care maze, the on the side of private interest groups. The port to have the right answers. Most of these AMA remains serenely certain it knows the schemes will die in committee; a privileged only counterweight of any note ts the AFL­ right answers. Yet it is risky to present a.n CIO and its embattled offspring, the Com­ few, though not invariably the worthiest, will AMA official with a. fact; you ma.y put him reach the floor of Congress. mittee for National Health Insurance out of sorts. (CNHI), which is also called "The Committee What is a good, comprehensive health ca.re At a hearing before Senator Edward M. proposal? No one is certain-at least no one of 100." On its roster ca.n be found such dis­ Kennedy's subcommittee two yea.rs ago, four tinguished names as Arthur Goldberg, John ought to be-but there is little mystery a.bout AMA spokesmen denied there wa.s a health the goals toward which any sensible bill Kenneth Galbraith, Dr. Charles H. Mayo n, ca.re crisis. Even the President had said there and Mrs. Martin Luther King Jr., plus a cur­ should point. These include: (1) full insur­ was a "crisis," responded Kennedy, who went ance coverage opportunities for every Amer­ ious trio of former Sena.tors-Paul H. Doug­ on to point out that the number of tonsil­ las, Ralph W. Yarborough and William B. ican; (2) a reasonable price tag, equitably lectomies in California was four times the shared; (3) more primary ca.re physicians Saxbe. In philosophy and spirit the commit­ national rate, suggesting th.at the distribu­ tee ls the natural descendant of two organi­ and fewer surgeons; (4) guarantees of health tion of surgeons around the country might ca.re when and where the patient needs it-­ zations mentioned earlier for their attempts be uneven. "Where does that statistic come to bring about enactment of universal na­ at night and on weekends, in ghettos and in from?" asked Harry Peterson, the AMA's rural a.rea.s; ( 5) a shift of emphasis from tional health insurance, the American As­ chief lobbyist. The Sena.tor replied that the sociation of Labor Legislation (1912) a.nd the hospital-sponsored crisis medicine to preven­ figure was part of the Nixon health message. tive medicine; a.nd (6) a strong, continuing Committee on the Costs of Medical Care He then asked about the high rate of in­ (1927-32). The continuity ls more than sym­ consumer voice in health ca.re arrangements fant mortality in the U.S. Weren't there a and policies. bolic: Among the "100" is I. S. Falk, a. CCMC dozen or so nations with lower rates? "Those founder who sought to get national health Self-evident as such goals may be, not figures a.re wrong!", cried Dr. Max Parrott, all the principal disputants can agree even insurance written into the New Dea.l's Social chairman of the AMA Board of Trustees. Security Act. on these; and when the debate shifts from "They a.re absolutely wrong. They a.re used goals to ways and means, the citizen's ear is CNHI ls working in support of the "Health dishonestly." The statistics came from the Security" program, S. 3, introduced four assailed by a. Babel of tongues. Every bill has United Nations. its lobby, and every major lobby has its pet yea.rs ago by Senator Kennedy and Congress­ This spectacle of a tempera.mental giant woman Martha W. Griffiths (D.-Mich.). Al­ bill. flailing in the dark would merely be funny though Kennedy on April 2 announced he There now are about 600 registered health if the AMA was not so adept at keeping the was joining in a. substitute blll, S. 2 remains care lobbyists in Washington, more than half rest of us in the dark, too. Each week, for a. touchstone for all those who view them­ of whom work for the insurance industry. example, a.bout 40 million Americans watch selves a.s keepers of the 60-year-old dream of The growth of the insurance presence since the television series, Marcus Welby, M.D., a universal health insurance. Truman's time is proof of the proposition portrayal of fee-for-service Nirvana whose Most of the other bills are narrow-gauge that today's vested interests are the products wise, kind a.nd handsome protagonist is the proposals calling for new institutional sub­ of yesterday's inadequate reforms. Unlike the very model of a model general practitioner. sidies, while permitting the overall system to AMA, which is forever emoting and verging The AMA serves as a technical consultant to lurch forward unattended and unaltered. To on tantrum politics, the insurance lobby the program, and la.st fall reporters learned begin with, there is Medicredit, a gimmick keeps a low profile. "They're very smooth, that it was instrumental in having two the AMA whipped up in 1968 and has Wi.st­ a.nd they have a lot of money," sa.ys Allen scenes from a. single show left on the cut­ fully promoted ever since, with the help of Zack of the AFI.r-OIO. "It was mainly the ting room floor. that tireless champion of social reform, Sen­ insurance people a.nd not the AMA who won In the expurgated scenes a surgeon, Dr. ator Vance Hartke (D.-Ind.). It would leave all those concessions in Medicare a.nd Medi- Jeliff, remarked to Welby that 80 per cent of fee-for-service practice unscathed, and pro- June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18595 vide every possible incentive for doctors, hos­ Medicaid experience, where so many states lation is eligible, and a Federal subsidy sys·· pitals and insurers to raise their rates. have failed to enforce sensible standards of tern for the poor; Kennedy-Mills and Nixer.. In brief, Medicredit would distribute quality and cost. both proposed benefits for the middle class­ health insurance vouchers to all citizens, in The strength of Ullman's b111 lies in its the former through a compulsory Federal amounts varying in inverse proportion to the attempt to "rationalize" the health care sys­ plan, the latter through voluntary private size of their income tax bills-the less one tem rather than merely subsidize it, and in insurance plans. pays, the more vouchers one receives. Theo­ its provision for a new Cabinet-level Depart­ The President's employe group package retically, the poor would gain the most from ment of Health to preside over the entire carries a $150 deductible on out-patient this arrangement, but it would also reward melange. Yet for all its detailed exegesis­ drugs. Further, a family must pay one-fourth millionaires like J. Paul Getty who by the measure, in close type, fills 34 pages of of all charges, up to $1,500 each year. Such slipping through loopholes each year man­ the Congressional Record-H.R. 1 remains "copayments" are also a feature of Long­ age to pay little or no taxes. Most important, distressingly vague about who will control Ribicoff and Kennedy-Mills. Long-Ribicoff the plan would be virtually useless to a ma­ what. One is left with the impression that would charge a middle-income patient $17.50 jority of middle-income Americans, because the hospitals will be in charge, and that for each day of hospitalization and 20 per their tax bracket would render them in­ these state health commissions will repre­ cent of all medical bills (up to $1,000)­ eligible for more than a token quantity of sent institutions instead of consumers. after the patient has absorbed the first $2,000 vouchers. VIABLE PROPOSALS of medical expenses and 60 days' worth of Few people in Washington take this pro­ hospital costs. Under Kennedy-Mills, the pa­ posal seriously. One must wonder whether Perhaps what weighs most heavily against tient would pay a $150 deductible and then many of the Congressmen who signed this Medicredit, Healthcare and H.R. 1 is that one-fourth of the total medical bill up to bill did so out of conviction or out of grati­ none is a "politically viable proposal." A $1,000 per family per year. However, preven­ tude to AMPAC. Even the commercial in­ politically viable proposal is one made by the tive care like prenatal examinations and surers, who stand to !benefit from the meas­ President, or else sponsored by somebody on family planning would get "first-dollar cov­ ure-in effect, it would convert Federal the Hill capable of getting it on the agenda erage" (no deductibles or copayments). agents into insurance salesmen and under­ of an appropriate committee. In the Senate, 2. A reasonable price tag, equitably shared. writers-prefer to ignore Medicredit and the man to watch is Russell B. Long (D.­ S. 3 is the most expensive-$67 billion. The concentrate instead on the industry's own La.) , chairman of the Finance Committee. program envisions a Health Security Trust entry, the "National Health Care Act," in­ And sure enough, his committee is slated to Fund fed by a Social Security tax of 3.5 per troduced a year ago by Senator Thomas J. consider a new health bill-drawn up in col­ cent on employers, and 1 per cent on the first Mcintyre (D.-N.H.). laboration with former HEW Secretary $15,000 of a worker's annual wages. This "Healthcare," rhapsodizes a recent Health Abraham Ribicoff (D.-Conn.)-the Long­ money would be supplemented by Federal Insurance Association of America pamphlet, Ribicoff Catastrophic Health Insurance and general revenues. "seeks to contain health costs, improve or­ Medical Assistance Reform Act. Kennedy-Mills supporters say their meas­ ganization and delivery of health services, Before Nixon introduced his latest hea1th ure would cost $40 billion a year, the funds and make comprehensive health insurance­ plan, the Long-Ribicoff bill enjoyed consid­ to be raised along S. 3 lines. The slight dif­ including a $250,000 catastrophe benefit­ erable support among reformers on the Hill. ference is that a minimum of 3 per cent available to all. Under Healthcare no family The names of its sponsors-such lustrous would be charged to employers and a maxi­ need ever impoverish itself because of ill liberals as Senators Gaylord Nelson (D-Wls.), mum of 1 per cent to workers. health." All this is to be accomplished James Abourezk D.-S.D.), George McGovern A similar price of $40 billion is estimated through a complex system of state and F~d­ (D.-S.D.), and Quentin Burdick (D.-N.D.)­ eral subsidies to insurance compames for the Nixon proposal, though the Adminis­ remain on the measure, but their ardor has tration claims it would require only $13 bil­ (HIAA graciously includes the "Blues" in its cooled somewhat in the face of the Presi­ patronage plans) that would enable insurers lion a year from the Federal treasury. That dent's program. For to the embarrassment of is because the White House is relying largely to offer more benefits to more Americans, these Senators, the Administration's proposal even the "high risks." This is the industry's on private insurance coverage privately fi­ actually offers more health insurance cov­ nanced-by employers and employees-and latest attempt to persuade taxpayers to erage to the public than does the "liberal" as the New York Times has observed, "Mr. underwrite "'clunkers." Long-Ribicoff package. As a result, Chairman In fairness, Healthcare does make a casual Nixon's premiums must be paid just as if Long will probably feel compelled to hold they were called taxes." Worse, it treats as stab at revising the system, and that puts it hearings later this spring that wm also take light years ahead of Medicredit. For exam­ taxable income for individuals the premium up the President's bill, sponsored by Senator contributions made by employers, and then ple, the plan would set up minimum Fe~eral Robert Packwood (R.-Ore.) and Congress­ standards for benefits, which might widen man Herman Schneebeli (R.-Pa.). turns around and treats employe contribu­ coverage beyond hospitalization and raise tions as nondeductible expenses. The tax­ In the House, the man who counts most paying worker is thus put in double jeopardy. the celling on "catastrophic" insurance, but is Wilbur D. Mills (D.-Ark.), chairman of the it lacks specific machinery to enforce these By contrast, Long-Ribicoff backers claim Ways and Means Committee. And sure their bill would cost about $10 billion. It guidelines. Healthcare does recommend ma­ enough, he has in hand a freshly minted bill chinery to review charges submitted lby adds only 0.3 per cent to the Social Security sponsored by himself and Senator Kennedy tax, the burden to be shared by employers health care providers under Federal pro­ for which he has scheduled hearings to be­ grams yet the review powers are to be vested and employes, yet its system of co-payments gin after the Easter recess. "I think the bill and deductibles constitutes cruel (though not in' Washington but in 50 separate "State has a good chance of passing this year," Mills Healthcare Institutions Cost Commissions" not unusual) punishment of the poor, and said at a recent press conference. in effect forces low-income families to sub­ to be appointed by the governors. Both the The Kennedy-Griffiths proposal, therefore, notion and the name are so awkward that a sidize the Federal program. Under its re­ remains just a gleam in the CNlil. Since it placement for Medicaid, a family of four hospital might double its charges before any­ has been abandoned by one of its authors, one in a state capitol could find tongue or earning $6,000 a year would have to spend what little chance it had of passing this year $1,200 on health care before becoming eli­ title. is completely gone. For liberals, this raises The AHA favorite-the National Health gible for spotty and incomplete Long-Ribi­ difficult tactical questions: Should they, like coff assistance. Care Services Reorganization and Financing Kennedy, give up on S. 3 and settle for half Act (H.R. 1 )-is not thought to have much The real dollar difference between Ken­ a loaf from Mills, Nixon, or Long? Or should nedy-Griffiths and the other three proposals chance of passing either. The bill, introduced they hold out for their own full loaf and by Congressman Al Ullman (D.-Ore.), is bet­ can be found not in their total cost esti­ thereby risk-indeed, guarantee-getting mates, which are in any case likely to change ter than most, albeit Byzantine in structure. nothing this session? Before exploring this It mandates creation of a network of local as the debate progresses, but in their varying dilemma, we ought first to compare the three approaches to cost control. There is nothing health care corporations to which citizens competing bills in the light of those six may subscribe in advance for services. "All in the other programs to suggest that the basic goals listed earlier. upward spiral of health care prices will be persons," Ullman has said,"... would be en­ 1. Full insurance coverage opportunities titled to the same broad package of bene­ checked. All three plans retain Medicare, for every American. Under Kennedy-Griffiths the chief inflationary villain of the past fits," with employers paying three-fourths of everyone is eligible for benefits that cover the cost for their workers, and the Federal decade. Kennedy-Mills further repeats the the entire range of health services. There are Medicare mistake of designating insurance government picking up the tab for the poor no means tests and no strings-no deducti­ and the elderly. companies "fiscal intermediaries," thus bles, no coinsurance clauses, no limits on virtually guaranteeing an open season on Apparently these corporations could func­ preventive care. tion as HMOs, though the wording on that prices. The other three bills offer protection to Kennedy-Griffiths, on the other hand, has score is not entirely clear. What is clear is nearly every American, too, but the extent that hospitals would play a central role in provisions for long-range budgeting proce­ depends upon age and income. They would dures, region by region, that may compel this system, since in most places they are the keep Medicare, replace Medicaid and 1ntro­ only institutions capable of administering so hospitals and physicians to set their prices duce plans for the heretofore neglected mid­ in advance and stick to them. Only insti­ complicated a plan. The hospitals, in turn, dle class. In general, they would pay some tutions meeting Federal standards of cost would be regulated by state health commis­ benefits to some of the people some of the and quality will be allowed to participate in sions appointed by the governors-an un­ time. Long-Ribicoff emphasizes catastrophic the program, and wasteful duplication of promising arrangement, to judge from the insurance, for which 95 per cent of the popu- services is gradually to be eliminated 18596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 through threatened withdrawal of Federal duces the incidence of family bankruptcies who remember our great and good friend, funding. Such measures, it is true, hardly can't be all bad. guarantee effective cost controls, but they And yet, as we have seen, the history of D.R. (Billy) Matthews, to know that he point in the right direction, while the other health care reform is strewn with compro­ has been named the recipient of the three bills simply feed the inflationary mises that have tended to shore up the sys­ annual Golden Deeds Award of the monster. tem without necessarily making things easier Gainesville, Fla., Exchange Club. 3,4,5. More "primary care" physicians and for the patient, and each new compromise The club selects one person annually fewer surgeons; guarantees of health care has spawned new lobbies determined to delay for the award for contributions to the when and where the patient needs it; and a fundamental reform. Are we, then, in retri­ community and "responses to need that shift of emphasis from hospital-sponsored bution for past failures and current casuis­ go beyond the call of duty.'' crisis medicine to prevent medicine. Long­ tries, condemned to play Sisyphus forever? Ribicoff and Nixon are silent on all these Or can we find a way to break the old pat­ Mr. Billy served in the U.S. Congress issues. The Kennedy-Mills bill calls for tern-those long uphill struggles, those pain­ from 1952 to 1967 and prior to that time. planning grants that may help small towns ful downhill slides-and at last attain the he served in the State legislature. to attract medical workers and facilities, and top (or at least a reasonable height)? The Since leaving the Congress, he has been it gives financing preference to HMOs as question will doubtless be answered by the a professor of political science and social well as to other forms of group medicine. American voter, a frequently confused citi­ studies at Santa Fe Community College None of its provisions, though, measures up zen, careless of distinctions and neglectful in Gainesville. to those in Kennedy-Griffiths. That includes of his own interests. I saw him recently and can relate to my a "manpower support" program for the At bottom, the prospects for health care training of primary care physicians and of reform depend upon our ability to mobilize colleagues that he is in good health, good other types of health care generalists (public the democratic process in the service of in­ spirits, is enjoying life to the fullest, and health nurses, community health workers, stitutional change. That is an old challenge continues to make a tremendous contri­ etc.). in America, going back at least as far as bution to mankind. It also offers financial incentives to doctors Andrew Jackson, who regretted "that the He is my friend and I am proud of that and health workers prepared to work in rich and powerful too often bend the acts fact. ghettos and rural areas, and imposes "dis­ of government to their selfish purposes." incentives" for the disproportionate cluster­ But it has a particular urgency today in ing of doctors in affluent neighborhoods. Washington, where private lobbies make pub­ In addition, by spreading and in some lic policy, and where government is more MICHAEL RELLIS HONORED measure equalizing purchasing power for that ever an instrument of corporate health care, Kennedy-Griffiths gives Harlem plunder. and Appalachia a chance to compete for Some of the signs suggest that the Ameri­ doctors with Scarsdale and Gramercy Park. can voter may be prepared to act, if he can HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE Finally, the Health Security bill is the only find a leader. Never before have so many citi­ OF MICHIGAN one of the three to offer special subsidies to zens mistrusted the health care system and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HMOs, encouraging the practice of preven­ its friends; never before have the lobbies tive medicine and of comprehensive, 24-hour been forced to run so hard simply to stay Monday, June 10, 1974 health care. in one place; and never before has there been Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, there ap­ 6. A strong, continuing consumer voice such broad agreement on the need for stren­ peared last week in the Detroit Free 1n health care arrangements and policies. uous Federal action. Press, an item which relates how Michael This is another area where Nixon, Long­ When word filtered back to North Dakota Ribicoff and Kennedy-Mills are largely si­ that Senator Burdick had affixed his name to Rellis, a native of Sault Ste. Marie, lent. The groups that would oversee the the Long-Ribicoff bill, the Farmers' Union Mich., in my congressional district, was Kennedy-Mills planning grants, it is true, sent him 5,000 protesting telegrams. The decorated by Jordan for his outstanding are to have a majority of consumer mem­ Senator was stunned. "I didn't know they work there for 2 years as director of bers; but the makeup of the three-man cared," he is reported to have said. Quite a CARE. I believe this honor merits the "Social Security Board" that would run the few organizations are beginning to care. In attention of my colleagues, both for the national program is not specified, and a recent months the CNHI has put together a distinction of the award, and for the spokesman for the bill has said off the record coalition that embra.ces such groups as the National Education Association and the fine expression of sentiment which was that it is not likely to include consumers. given along with it. The article follows: The Kennedy-Griffiths measure does pay American Federation of Teachers, the United Up service to consumer participation, but Methodist Church, the National Council of MIDEAST-STYLE GRATITUDE HEAPED ON Sao nothing in the proposal spells out how the Senior Citizens, the Urban League, Com­ NATIVE consumer's voice is to be heard over the in­ mon Cause, the National Jewish Welfare Highly unlikely that a native of the Sao stitutional chorus. The faint hope here is Association, and the Mennonite Central Com­ in the Upper Peninsula of Our State should something called a "National Advisory mittee. Even the League of Women Voters earn the right to be addressed as Excellency Council," which is to have a majority of is sending a representative to the meetings. in Jordan, or, for that matter, anywhere else consumer representatives. "It's a massive lobbying effort," says a he cares to present the credentials that came In sum, then, while Kennedy-Griffiths is spokesman for the coalition. "We're telling to him by way of King Hussein. less than perfect, it outscores the others on our friends on the Hill that we'd rather have After serving as director of CARE for two nothing than have a weak bill." years in Jordan, Michael Rellis is now on his nearly all counts. In a single administrative The coalition, informal and disorganized package it offers universal coverage, full way to a similar post in Vietnam. He is as it is, represents an entirely new stage in entitled to wear the Independence of Jordan benefits, sensible cost controls and a variety the country's long struggle for reform of the of devices designed gradually to reshape our Grade II decoration presented to him by Dr. health care system. It is precisely what was Younif Dihni, minister of social affairs. health care system-to redistribute man­ missing in those earlier battles of 1912, 1934 power, establish more HMOs and encourage The decoration ls fine, but Rellis treasures and 1947. Curiously, in its efforts to put to­ even more this wonderfully warm note in preventive medicine. It is therefore the only gether a grass-roots health lobby the CNHI measure now in the hopper that begins to Arabic from Sheik Nimer Oudeh, "a notable is being unwittingly assisted by Nixon, who of Al Taamreh in Bethlehem District." correct the historic despoliations of fee-for­ for obvious political reasons of his own is service medicine and to break up the thriv­ Translated, it reads: "I would like here to now diligently pushing a. health program in thank you very much for your deeds while ing but unwholesome trade triangle of phy­ Congress. "Health reform,.. notes Susan sicians, hospitals and insurers. you are the Director of the Organization in Stoiber of CNHI, "is usually everybody's Jordan. PROSPECTS fourth or fifth concern. This year it may be "I thank you for the humanity that you CNHI officials, in pondering whether to number two." For the public, the challenge is plain offered all the refugees and all those who "go for broke" this year with Kennedy­ need help in Jordan, and here I admit that Griffiths or to support the passage of one enough: There is the goal and there is the stone; it is everyone's turn to push. you are one of the best benevolent persons, or another weaker measure, would like most because you suffered much during your work of all to delay a decision on this question. in our country, in doing the best you can "We don't have enough votes in this Con­ and in offering your benevolence and kind­ gress," explains Max Fine, the CNHI's di­ ness to everybody. rector. "So we're hoping there'll be no action GOLDEN DEEDS AWARD "I would like here to thank you and con­ in '74. Then we can make health reform an gratulate all the people in the United States issue in the November campaigns and come because you are one of them, and you were back with a Medicare-type mandate"-that HON. DON FUQUA known during your work here as an active, is, with a.n overwhelmingly liberal majority OF FLORIDA honourable and charitable person, so we will of the kind that rammed home Medicare 1n IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES miss you when you leave us. 1965. The strategy will strike some as cynical. Monday, June 10, 1974 "We are thankful for everything you offered After all, even Nixon's program would afford us with our children, and we are trustful at least some succor to millions of Americans Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, I know it that you will never forget us and try to help not now protected. Surely any plan that re- will interest the Members of the Congress us even if you are far away of us. June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18597 .. Our best regards and I wish you all the and convicted by a mob of Americans who of either policy initiatives or real alterna­ happiness, and ask God to keep you always know not what they do. tives in such areas as the economy, welfare in good health, and give you whatever you Turn on the light, America! You're being reform, housing, health care, or revitaliza­ need." raped by wolves wearing the cloak of the new tion of the cities. A petition with 64 signa­ morality. tures gotten up by Representative Donald Get tough, America! They'll run, because M. Fraser of Minnesota, which plaintively they're cowards. asks the Democratic Steering and Policy AN OPEN LETTER TO THE Memorial Day/May 30, 1974; with a pledge Committee to "draft a program to deal with AMERICAN PEOPLE that I serve no political party or cause. the current economic crisis," symbolized the JOSEPH D. CASOLARO, M.D. frustration of the rank and file over lack of ARLINGTON, VA. leadership on issues. There is no structure around the leader­ HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL ship that can even try to deal with problems OF VIRGINIA as broad as the combination of stagnation CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS' and inflation, poverty, and reconciling ener­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES POLICY VACUUM gy needs with environmental needs. These Monday, June 10, 1974 issues cut across Congressional committee lines. They call for policy committees and Mr. BROYIDLL of Virginia. Mr. study-and-action groups with direct lines to Speaker, under unanimous consent to HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON the leadership to pull the pieces together. extend my rema1·ks, I am inserting into OF MASSACHUSETTS Otherwise, Congress is just enacting a tax the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cut here while ending controls there, in­ titled "Open Letter to the American Peo­ Monday, June 10, 1974 creasing food stamps with one hand while ple,'' written by one of my constitutents, cutting low-cost housing with another. Dr. Joseph D. Casolaro, an outstanding Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, an It is symptomatic that Speaker Carl Albert physician in my congressional district. I article by David W. Secrest entitled, has only two staff aides working on substan­ feel his views in this matter should be "Congressional Democrats' Policy Vac­ tive issues. On policy questions he operates uum," appeared in the May 31 edition of out of his hip pocket. The closest thing to a of interest to my colleagues and the policy-development group supported by staff American people. the New York Times. is the liberal Democratic Study Group-and The article follows: We have heard a great deal in recent that is organized outside the leadership and AN OPEN LE'ITER TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE weeks about a "veto-proof Congress" in often in opposition to it. I do not justify the Watergate burglary; 1975, about "congressional dictator­ The Senate Democrats do a little better, nor the buying of ambassadorships; nor the ship," and about a rebirth of the legisla­ with Majority Leader Mike Mansfield leading acceptance of money from corporations ex­ tive branch of Government. Such pros­ real discussions of issues in the Democratic pecting favors in return; nor the use of IRS pects are generally received with rejoic­ Policy Committee. The effort to preserve to audit returns of political enemies; nor of ing on my side of the aisle-and gloom some kind of wage-price monitoring after many other acts of political expedience. on the other. controls ended came out of such a discussion. Nor do I justify freeing Daniel Ellsberg; or But what have we, as Democrats, done But in the House, Democratic policymak­ redeeming Alger Hiss; or condoning the ing consists of the leaders taking whatever Rosenbergs; or supporting Fidel Castro; or over the past decade, or more, to demon­ comes out of each committee, however frag­ the assassination of President Diem; or sup­ strate an ability to lead this Nation mentary or inadequate, and stamping it "pol­ pressing aid to South Vietnam; or opposing through the difficult days ahead; what icy." The signs are that Mr. Albert chooses to the bombing of Cambodia; or complaining even have we done in the last 12 months keep it that way. If there were a real policy about the money spent in making rain over despite nearly unprecedented national operation it would threaten the hegemony of the Ho Chi Minh trail. problems? committee chairmen, and that would not be There are, however, in our midst, those What planning are we now undertak­ his style. He did not become Speaker by be­ who would make high crimes of the alleged ing; what new policies are we now devel­ ing out in front on issues. He, like most acts of "the President's men", and justify others who emerge as legislative leaders in a the perversities of ideological and actual oping; what new leaders are we putting coalition party made up of warring factions, treason, in the name and guise of civil liberty forth to provide this Nation with the got there by being a compromiser. and the new morality. kind of leadership it has a right to There is no certainty that any Speaker Wake up, America! This coalition of free expect? could exercise a leading policy voice, given thinkers, angry dissidents, wen intended Ask yourself, as I have asked myself, the diversity of the party and the increasing Pharisees, self serving politicians, and and you may find considerable wisdom democratization of the House. But most Kremlin "engineers" a.re directing the fickle in Mr. Secrest's column-and then, per­ Democrats in Congress hunger for stronger crowd to ten America to take off the old haps, we had better take his admonition leadership, and it's a shame the effort isn't morality and put on the new. really made. The leaders a.re too busy just Compare with me, the old and the new seriously and start thinking in bigger taking ca.re of dally business and putting out morality: terms. brush fires to devote much energy to high The old morality verbalizes the deleted The text of Mr. Secrest's column policy. expletive; the new morality does it, with con­ follows: It doesn't have to be that way, Lyndon B. senting adults, of course. [From the New York Times, May 31, 1974) Johnson as Senate leader had a high-powered The old morality dies for its country; the CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS' POLICY VACUUM staff of fifteen doing 1:1olid work on issues. new morality objects, conscientiously, of After the 1958 election, with a big new ma­ course. (By David W. Secrest) jority, he followed President Eisenhower's The old morality salutes the flag; the new WASHINGTON.-Republlcans a.re sounding State of the Union address with one of his morality steps on it, perhaps even bums it. alarms about a. vetoproof Congress, and the own. The old morality respects; the new morality Democrats may indeed win the two-to-one House Republicans mounted a similar op­ disdains. House margin they are hoping for in No­ eration after the Johnson landslide of 1964. The old morality looks clean; the new vember if things keep up the way they are. With their ranks decimated, they organized morality looks dirty. But whether they would know what to do and staffed a dozen task forces and brought The old morality gives; the new morality with it ls something else. If present perform­ in outside experts. The task forces developed takes. ance is any indication, there ls no reason into position papers such concepts as reve­ The old morality forbears; the new moral­ to think that policymaking will shift from nue-sharing, lump-sum grants to give local ity complains. the White House to Capitol Hill. government increases discretion in broad The old morality works; the new morality The Democrats would no doubt have a.n areas of spending, new approaches to law loafs. easier time passing some bills like a big enforcement and manpower, and published a The old morality believes; the new morality health-insurance package. But there ls only so much distance they could travel down book on Congressional reform. When the Re­ rejects. Great Society Lane, given the inflation con­ publicans captured the White House in 1968, The old morality makes mistakes; the new straints that everyone would recognize. As they had policy programs ready. Even to­ morality is never wrong. for fashioning new answers to problems all­ day, with their own party controlling the Ad­ The old morality has saints and sinners; ing the country, there is neither the capa­ ministration, they maintain a well-staffed t he new morality has only saints. bility nor the will among Congressional House policy operation. Listen, Amerlca ! Our country is on trial. Democrats to do so. .If Democrats expect to step into the None of the alleged acts of polltica.1 expe­ In the five and a half years since the vacuum from a power base in Congress, their dience are crimes of serious enough nature to Democrats lost control of the White House, elected leaders had better start thinking in emasculate the President, who has been tried they have developed very little in the wa.y bigger terms. 18598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 TRIBUTE TO JAMES A. FARLEY alities is challenged as never before, you yield on certain issues of great concern to stand as a beacon of integrity. the average American. One of these issues is Your public life, as well as your business the release of American citizens 1n the USSR, career, are on record for all to see. Not so who have expressed a desire to repatriate. HON. JOHN M. MURPHY well-known is your edifying private life On Nov. 23, 1970 Simas Kudirka risked his OF NEW YORK which you cherished with your beloved Eliza­ life in an effort to reach American soil, when beth, your son and daughters, and now with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he leaped from a Soviet ship to the deck of your grandchildren. The geniality, the cour­ the U.S. Coast Guard cutter "Vigilant". lt!onday,June10,1974 age, the compassion which we have admired Though he may not have been fully aware at a distance have been theirs to cherish close of his rights at the time, his brave attempt Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. up. Yours, Sir, is the special charisma of the to reach American territory is in itself one Speaker, I am delighted that my good Catholic layman. Your influence in secular of the strongest applications for U.S. citizen­ friend James A. Farley has been society was great at a time when the impact ship. A tragic mistake in judgment on the awarded the 1974 Laetare Medal, the of Catholics generally was small. A man of part of our government officials resulted in University of Notre Dame's highest hon­ faith in a world of fact, born closer to the his present unjust imprisonment. Now more or. Mr. Farley's distinguished career has First Vatican Council than to Vatican Coun­ than ever our government's moral obligation cil II, yol.: anticipated by several decades the is to rectify this grievous error. included his appointment by Franklin role of the layman 1n a church which is ever Roosevelt as Postmaster General of the The "Americans for Simas" committee, the old and yet ever new. "Seamen's Education Federation", and the United States, his designation as honor­ For what you have achieved, then, but "Lithuanian-American Community of the ary chairman of the Coca-Cola Export even more for what you are, the University USA" as well as other organizations have Corp., and his chairmanship of the Dem­ of Notre Dame presents to you its most prized appealed to President Nixon to bring up the ocratic National Committee. symbol of esteem and affection. As we seek Kudirka case during his summit talks with as to honor you, you surely honor the Medal Soviet leader Leonid I. Brezhnev and request Mr. Farley who is known to many and the University in accepting it. For your "Gentleman Jim," and "Genial Jim," has the release of Simas Kudirka, and allow him lifelong dedication to your family, to your and his family to emigrate to the U.S. stood throughout his life, for all the country, and to your Church, for the decency We respectfully request all members of the values, spiritual and political, which and integrity which you have always exemp­ U.S. Congress, who support our appeal, to have made America great. In politics and lified, for the leadership you have given in contact the White House and convey their in business, in the home and in the countless good causes, it is my honor, as views to the President before his departure. church, Mr. Farley is truly an outstand­ President of the University of Notre Dame, A courageous man's freedom may depend on ing man. to confer upon you its La.eta.re Medal. it. I would like to submit the following material on Mr. Farley's award for the RECORD. GALLAUDET COLLEGE HONORS THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME TO AMERICANS FOR SIMAS LETTER TO CONGRESSMAN ALBERT H. QUIE HON. JAMES A. FARLEY MEMBERS OF U.S. CONGRESS Sm: The strength and vitality of our country can be attributed in large meas­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS ure to the genius of our political system, OF INDIANA to the vigor of our free economy and, above HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all, to the spiritual values which we as a OF ll.LINOIS Monday, June 10, 1974 nation espouse. To a remarkable degree, in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES your life and your work, you, perhaps more Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I am than any other man of our time, symbolize Monday, June 10, 1974 sure that my colleagues will be pleased our national commitment to these values and to the proposition that honorable com­ Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, in Jan­ to learn that Gallaudet College for the petition, whether in politics or business, best uary of this year, I introduced a con­ Deaf, recently honored one of the out­ serves the American people. current resolution regarding the Lithua­ standing champions in Congress of aid Who could foretell that the lad of twelve nian seaman, Simas Kudirka. Since that for the handicapped, the distinguished who stood trackside to hear Williams Jen­ time several events have occurred. gentleman from Minnesota, Hon. ALBERT nings Bryan would become Chairman of the "Americans for Simas" and "Seamen's H. QuIE, by awarding him the degree of Democratic National Committee? Who would Education Federation" wish to update doctor of laws at its May commencement. have predicted that the Town Clerk of Stony the Congress on these events. For my Also receiving an honorary doctor of Point, New York, would become the mentor laws degree on this occasion was Craig of the President of the United States and colleagues' information, I submit the fol­ the Postmaster General in his Cabinet? Who lowing letter: Mills, director of the division of voca­ could have foreseen that the young book­ AMERICANS FOR SIMAS AND tional rehabilitation of the State of keeping student at Packard Commercial SEAMAN'S EDUCATION FEDERATION, Florida, and a past president of the State School would some day be Board Chairman Middle Village, N.Y., June 1, 1974. Administrators of Vocational Rehabilita­ of an American corporation operating in AN URGENT APPEAL TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE tion. every corner of the world? Who, indeed, had U.S. CONGRESS Mr. Speaker, our colleague from Min­ the prescience to predict that this affable Irishman would become as familiar a figure On May 17th Mrs. Marija Kudirka Sul­ nesota also delivered the commencement at the Papal apartments as he was at the skiene was officially registered as an Ameri­ address at Gallaudet, and because I White House? can citizen and issued a U.S. passport at the know it will be of interest to the Members American embassy in Moscow. Mrs. Sulskiene of the House, I insert it at this point in In retrospect, Sir, it is easier to see how is the mother of Simas Kudirka, the Lithua­ the RECORD. your own character and Providence have nian seaman, who was shamefully denied combined to bring you to this day. Through­ political asylum in this country in 1970 and COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS out your life, you have honored the God­ returned to a Soviet ship to be subsequently (By Hon. ALBERT H. Qum) given dignity of every man and woman, and sentenced to a 10 year term 1n a Soviet labor Thank you Mr. President, honored platform because of tbi.<; no American has more camp. Mrs. Sulskiene has expressed a desire guests, graduates 1974, families, and friends. friends. Yours has been the world of precinct to come to the U.S., but must yet obtain a Recently I saw this line in the newspaper: committeemen and prelates, of salesmen and Soviet exit visa, (NYT May 22, 1974). "President Nixon is the only head of a major presidents, but you have neither been awed Through his mother Simas Kudirka has Western, Democratic nation who has been by the powerful nor unmindful of the power­ derived a right to American citizenship. Since in office longer than two and one-half less. You have enver forgotten your friends. he was born out of wedlock 1n 1929 in the months." With all the problems facing our Your opponents and competitors bold you Republic of Lithuania, his case is covered by nation which we read about constantly and in the highest regard. Section 205 of the Nationality Act approved hear about from the media, that sentence In politics and in business, where it is October 14, 1940. makes us realize that this nation is not often easier to do the expedient thing, you President Nixon's upcoming trip to the the only one with problems. But when one have been a man of principle. Without losing Soviet Union is being viewed by the world thinks that the head of the nation of West Germany left office because of a spy serving Franklin Roosevelt's friendship or lessening community as a reaffirmation of "detente" under him, when we think that the govern­ your allegiance to your political party, you between the United States and the Soviet ment of our neighbor Canada toppled be­ opposed more than two four-year presidential Union. True "detente" can prosper only in an c:i.use of an economic crisis, we think of terms because you believed such was not in atmosphere of balanced cooperation. If the Great Britain whose government toppled the national interest. Today, when America's Soviets desire concessions from us 1n fields and now the Labor government headed by faith in its political institutions and person- such as trade, they should be prepared to Prime Minister Wilson is a minority govern- June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18599 ment, we think of the head of government it. Therefore, I believe that there is a great mind, with all our strength, and our neigh­ of France passing away and just an elec.. challenge for you as you play a part in so­ bor as ourselves. tion now to replace him, the Israeli nation ciety with our system working with leader­ I leave these last words with you for your not knowing exactl: how its government ship in order that people might enjoy· a. thoughts and your meditation and with full will be made up, we can see the Western life in which the pressures that now are understanding to make tt a. part of your life world is in turmoil. witnessed in our society are no longer there. when Christ said, "I am the Way, the Truth, ENERGY AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EDUCATION NOT THE TOTAL ANSWER and the Life." Our problems are not limited to a crisis Now that cannot come just from the sys­ in confidence over our government, however. tem, even though I have assured you the We just finished a winter, and in the colder system is working. Because it's interesting parts of our nation we wondered if· there that the people who have had primary re­ PSRO IS BAD MEDICINE would be enough fuel to keep the people sponsibility in the areas where our nation warm, energy to keep our business in opera­ is faced with severe crises have been well tion. This crisis just followed a deep concern educated individuals. The people in respon­ HON. BILL ARCHER of the American people of whether we. were sibility are college graduates. Some of· the polluting ourselves to where we could no greatest educational institutions m our land OF TEXAS longer live on this globe in the way we have have produced individuals who have caused IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many of the problems that have a.:ffected us. been able to enjoy for more than two decades. Monday, June 10, 1974 Problems, nothing but problems. And you Those implicated .t.ll recent wrongdoings in are wor..dering as graduates now when you government are college graduates. Those who Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, I was very leave, will there be a Job available for you. produced nuclear weapons that can devas­ pleased to hear of the recent action of the Will we be going into a recession as a na­ tate the entire globe graduated from our Texas doctors, through the Texas Medi­ tion? What reauy does the future have ·in most prestigious institutions. Also the ones store for us? who produced the technology that could cal Association, to take legal and legis­ One only has to think a little bit of his­ leave us in a polluted state. Well-educated lative action against the professional tory and realize that mankind has constantly people increased demands to the extent that standards review organizations. These had problems. Our forefathers left a nation we do not have enough energy to fulfill PSRO's, adopted at part of the 1972 So­ where their needs could not be satisfied and those demands. So what is the answer? More cial Security Amendments, establish a came to this nation mostly to a life of pri­ education? That's not the total answer. dangerous precedent-Government in­ vation at first and finally working them­ selves to the po;;;ition where you and your FAITH THE PURPOSE OF LIFE trusion into the field of medicine. They parents are now. What is the total answer? The answer must be repealed. The PSRO's are now comes from people's abllity to live in grace limited to medicaid and medicare pa­ THE SYSTEM .IS WORKING with their fellowman. Now there was a per­ tients. If a national health care program How did. this all happen? It must be our son who lived on this earth, who lived a. ecunomic aJ.lCi goverJJ.Ulc:ntal sysliem. And l is adopted, these PSRO's would be ex­ life of love, who was a pattern and an ex­ tended to every physician in the coun­ can. sat c.o )'Ot.l that our system is wor~ing ample for people who came after Him. Now despite the tact that some inui victuals clostt it is practicall~ 2,000 years since He lived on try. I wish to enter into the CONGRES­ to the l-'res1aent have been inaictied., some this earth. What did He teach us? He taught SIONAL RECORD an editorial entitled "Bad convJ.ci.ed. ·..1..ne -..ery 1act people on tvp ~re us to love each other. Now it's easy for us to Medicine" from the May 27, 1974, edition being inuic~ed. an.a convic1,ed. shows our sys­ understand that word "love" for anyone who of the Dallas Morning News on the ac­ tem 1s wvrKi.ng. 'J.'he fact that we do not shares a relationship with a person of the feel as gre.. t a eris.is o.r tne need of eneJ.·gi tion of the Texas doctors: other sex. Most of the songs that we hear BAD MEDICINE now as we did a.un.ag the winter shows ow" talk about that kind of love. It's easy to love system is wvr.1.dng. 'J.'ne fa.ct that tne Ameri­ each other if you have the same phtlosophy, Texas doctors have made it official: They can peupJ.e ~re awMe of their e.av1ro.w..r..1.:ni.a.l the same politics, the same religion, or even are going to fight against Professional Stand­ neeus and. are ma..11ang corrections shows tnat share in the same handicap. But the most ards Review Organizations. Power to them, the s.,.o..t;w. J.S wvrJU.i..J.g. une can t.ake hope for PSROs, unknown as they are to the gen­ difficult task of all expressed by Jesus Christ era! public, are bureaucratic excrescences of in the fact that as slow as it mvves, tue was loving your enemy. As one develops the system ia wor.tilllg. And. therefore l as.tt )OU really dangerous caliber. ability to love one's enemy as one's self, there They came into being with the 1972 Social to ta..;e illese J.u.,ure ~ears with that hope­ comes the power that can enable people to that the sy-,tem is working. live ln grace with each other. We will never Security amendments. Congress motive in ~ow if i.hat is tne ca.se, how is the system creating them was simon-pure-to make working fur the individual who is classi:ued live ln a. utopia because we will never be sure doctors gave only "medically necessary" intelligent enough to do it. We will never all treatment to Medicare and Medicaid pa­ as hanuicapped-those of you who are con· be a.like. We'll all be different. But in our sidered oea.1. 'I lt'or a long period of time any tients. To that end, Congress ordained that help for y..,u was looked on as charJ.ty or a differences God gave us an infinite worth and PSROs be set up on a. regional basis by Jan. 1, moral obligation, but that is changing. 'l'he that worth can be developed to its full po­ 1974. After a 2-yea.r trial run. the secretary system is working. Now it is becomJ.ng a tential if we truly love God and each other. of HEW will institutionalize them. matter oi right for a person to receive an That is really the message that I would like So far it all sounds removed from the nor­ opportunity i;hrough education and train­ to leave with you. It came to me with vivid mal concerns of taxpaying Americans. But ing to develop to their full potential. l<'irst, realization in 1957 when I spoke to the grad­ the truth is otherwise. A PRSO is to consist state laws i...egan to be enacted. Later the uating class at the Faribault School for the of doctors; but lay groups may be designated Federal Govertllllent became involved and Deaf when their motto was taken from Rus­ to give advice. The committees will set stand­ as each )'ear pd.S.>es, the legislation provides sian author Leo Tolstoy-"Falth ls the pur­ ards for health care, prescribing what ts Just a little bit more help. pose of life." And in that motto one can appropriate treatment and what is not. All The most significant of all help for the realize by studying the life of Tolstoy, his treatment must then accord with PSRO handicapped, however, has been. recent de­ desire to try and find national renown, which standards, or some hospital, some doctor is cisions by the courts. In Pennsylvania and he found-without satisfaction, wealth, in a heap of trouble. Naturally, to police the District of Columbia, the courts decreed which he received-without satisfaction. The their standards, the PSROs may comman­ it is a matter of right for any indivldual, acclaim and the wealth was not enough for deer the medical histories of individual pa­ handicapped or not, to be able through our him. So he looked around and saw the people tients. education system to develop to their full who were happy were those who gave of All this represents a disturbing use of gov­ potential. themselves to other people--which he tried ernment power, and never mind that the What does that mean for you? That means and lt worked for awhile. Until finally in his PSROs a.re doctor-constituted: They are ad­ that you no longer need to depend on. some­ later years he realized that fa.1th-fa.1th in juncts nevertheless of the Department of one else out of charity or a moral obliga­ his God-was what gave purpose to his life Health, Education and Welfare. Never before tion to help you, but that you who do have and that faith enables a person to love an­ has government intruded so far into the a handicap of deafness, have a responslbillty other human being even though that human practice of medicine. yourselves to make certain that all who share being is different. As a matter of abstract justice, there in that same handicap can avail themselves Let me remind you again. We'll always ought to be some way to keep Medicaid and of the opportunity to develop to their full have differences of nationality and nations. Medicare patients• doctors from prescrib­ potential as you have had the opportunity We'll always have the racial differences. We11 ing unnecessary treatment. This much is as you attended Gallaudet College. always have the political d.tiferences. We'll easy to admit. But PSROs are likely to do It is not possible for a person like myself worship our Almighty God in different ways. far more harm than good. to fully understand what it ls like to be No matter how we integrate, we'll have the They are the entering wedge for govern­ deaf. To me it ls like a person on the Equator differences of the sexes. Then how can man­ ment medicine-for Washington's take-over trying to understand what snow is like. I kind with those differences live in grace with of the whole profession. If government can can come from Minnesota. and tell them, but each other? Our Lord gave us the answer prescribe treatment standards for Medicare they can never fully understand snow until when he asked us to love the Lord with all and Medicaid patients, why not for all pa­ they come to Minnesota. and see it-and feel our heart, with all our soul, with all our tients? 18600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 Good question. For government may soon TRICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION FOR even greater achievements. I am grateful for be doing just that. President Nixon's health CITY OF WATERBURY, CONN. the role I have been allowed to play in this insurance proposal would put all health celebration and in the public life of Water­ care under PSRO supervision. So much, in bury. that case, for your doctor's freedom to exer­ Looking forward confidently to the future, cise his own judgment. He would treat his HON. RONALD A. SARASIN I remain, patients the way the PSRO told him to treat OF CONNECTICUT Yours truly, them. No better, no worse. RONALD A. SARASIN. But Texas doctors, through the Texas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Medical Assocation, are going to take legal Monday, June 10, 1974 To THE CITIZENS OF WATERBURY, CONN. and legislative action against the PSRO con­ Greetings on the observance of the 300th cept. And so are the doctors of other states. Mr. SARASIN. l\Ir. Speaker, the city anniversary of the founding of our City. They want PSROs wiped off the statute of Waterbury, Conn., has just completed No anniversary celebrating the birth of a books. They should fight as hard as they can; the celebration of its 300th birthday with City is meaningful unless its citizens can re­ for this is one battle they cannot afford to a parade that may very well have been flect with pride on the happenings of the lose. the largest and longest parade ever held years gone by. And since we, the citizens of on the east coast of the United States. Waterbury, can boast of an honorable and The parade took over 5 hours to pass and prosperous past, we must be generous in our review with 25,000 marchers, 210 units, gratitude to those who preceded us and es­ FARMERS STAND TO LOSE MUCH tablished and sustained a community which UNDER LAND-USE BILL 81 floats, and 40 bands and was witnessed has been widely respected for its humanistic by more than 200,000 people. social principles and its industrial ingenuity. Activities were held in many locations We are indeed indebted to the multitude throughout the city with the green in the of citizens who attained eminence in their HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN center of town serving as the focal point profession through the years and chose to OF MARYLAND for historical and cultural displays. remain here to devote their knowledge and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Waterbury Historical Spectacular skills toward the advancement of our municipality. Monday, June 10, 1974 Pageant held at the municipal stadium Waterbury has been long famous for the was a huge success and had a cast of over variety of its manufactured products. There Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, late this 1,000 Waterbury citizens. week the House will consider H.R. 10294, is a saying that no home exists in the United When so many people work so hard States in which there cannot be found at the Federal land-use bill, reported from on a project of this nature, it is always least one item manufactured in Waterbury. the Committee on the Interior. As one impossible to list and thank each and The saying is not an exaggerated claim to of those who opposed this legislation in every one. To all of these unnamed, prominence. It is an accurate appraisal of committee, one of my particular con­ hard-working individuals, I want to offer our City's industrial progress since its found­ cerns was the impact that this will have my personal congratulations and thanks ing-progress for which we have just cause on our farm families and those who for rejoicing during this anniversary year. for a job well done. Because of the expert and diligent plan­ own farms across the Nation. I was pleased to be able to participate I am pleased to see that the American ning by the various committees of "Water­ in many of the events that were held bury 300", I am certain that all of us, par­ Farm Bureau has announced their oppo­ during the weeklong celebration of the ticipants and spectators, Waterburians and sition to H.R. 10294, and I include at this Brass City's tercentennial anniversary visitors, will enjoy to the fullest the many point in my remarks an article from the and was impressed by the community activities scheduled for presentation during June 10 issue of Farm Bureau News spirit and enthusiasm displayed by the our Tercentennial celebration. which details their position. citizens of this great city. I would like to express my deep apprecia­ FB FIGHTS FOR SUBSTITUTE BILL ON LAND-USE tion to all of those citizens who have con­ I am enclosing at this point in my tributed so much of their time and effort PLANNING remarks, statements of both myself and Land use planning legislation, once con­ toward making our anniversary observance a sidered dead for this Congressional session, is the Honorable Victor A. Mambruno, success. I offer special thanks to those who expected to reach the floor of the House of mayor of Waterbury, Conn., as they worked on the preparation of this commemo­ Representatives on June 11. appeared in the commemorative book. rative book, and to the individuals and firms The House Rules Committee on May 14 The HONORABLE VICTOR A. MAMBRUNO, whose financial assistance as sponsors made voted 8 to 7 to send H.R. 10294, known as the Mayor, and the Citizens of Waterbury: possible its publication. Udall blll, to the House floor. This was a re­ It is with great pride that my family and versal of a February 26 vote which was to I extend our warmest best wishes on the delay action on the bill indefinitely. occasion of the celebration of the Three Farm Bureau leaders at the national, state, Hundredth Anniversary of the City of Water­ BEST OF LUCK-HERB HOFFMAN and county levels are coordinating a major bury. This marks an important milestone in effort to change the bill or defeat it. the continuing journey from proud history In a June 3 letter to all members of the to promising future. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG House, the American Farm Bureau Federa­ From its earliest days as an outpost on the OF PENNSYLVANIA tion urged them to support a substitute bill frontier of the New World, with all the (H.R. 13790) to be offered by Representative challenges that entailed, to its earning of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sam Steiger (R., Ariz.). This bill ellininates the proud title of "Brass City" as an indus­ Monday, June 10, 1974 the controversial federal control features by trial hub of the world, from the agony of s.iillply providing for federal grants to the the disastrous flood of 1955 to the present Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, when I states to help them establish land use plan­ era of rebirth, rebuilding and renewal, the came to Congress 8 years ago, among the ning programs. people of Waterbury have persevered. careerists in the executive branch with In the event the Steiger substitute bill Waterbury has always played a significant whom I first came in contact was Herb fails, FB called for a vote against passage of role in my life. As a youth growing up in the Udall blll. This bill provides for detailed Beacon Falls, Waterbury was "The City," the Hoffman, the legislative liaison for the federal guidelines on state land use plans urban center of our world. Later, on return­ Department of Justice. The manner in and no grants to states until such guidelines ing from four years service in the United which he approached his job, the compe­ are met. States Navy, it was at the Waterbury Branch tence and diligence with which he dis­ FB seeks to keep land use planning at local of the University of Connecticut that I was charged his responsibilities, and the levels where it says consideration can be able to begin the educational program which ever-present cheery disposition he dis­ given to the needs of the people in the area. eventually led to a degree in law and the played impressed me then and continue It consistently has opposed federal assistance challenge of public service. And it is Water­ to states for land use planning except under to impress me now. bury that is the largest of the twenty-six At the request of Manny Celler, then a grant-in-aid pro;;,Tam. Another major FB communities I am so honored to serve in the point is that "funds available to a state Congress of the United States. chairman of the House Judiciary Com­ should not be withheld as a weapon to en­ While a tercentennial is by its very nature mittee, Herb joined the committee staff force compliance with such a ::>rogram." a celebration of the past, it should also be a 3 years ago. Since then the committee Members of the House Interior and Insu­ has had the benefit of his keen legal lar Affairs Commlttee who voted against re­ rededication by all of us to the principles porting the Udall bill said in their minority that have made this city, this state, and this counsel, and has been the beneficiary of report that lt was "merely the first step on nation great. Knowing the people of Water­ his loyalties, efforts, and accomplish­ the road toward more public control over the bury, I am confident they view this occasion ments. use of private property." in that light and that the future will hold Now, after 30 years of distinguished June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18601 service in Government service, Herb is turn for compensation from the United States responsibility to come to our assistance, just retirtng to try his wings in a new and agreed to suppress the growth of opium as we have in the past come to their defense. poppy, there has been a dramatic decrease in At the first meeting of the Cabinet Commit­ challenging job as director of the Gov­ the amount of heroin available in the streets tee on International Narcotics Control, Presi­ ernment Relations Office of the Ameri­ of New York. Data compiled by our agency dent Nixon stated that "winning the battle can Bar Association. We, in Congress, are indicates not only that heroin is relatively against drug abuse is one of the most impor­ ir.deed fortunate to have this able, ener­ unavailable in our streets but that this scar­ tant, the most urgent national priorities getic ''young" man appointed as the city reflects the national situation. According confronting the United States today. I con­ highest staff officer of the prestigious to one Congressional study, the number of sider keeping dangerous drugs out of the American Bar Association. In his new heroin addicts has decreased nationally from United States just as important as keeping capacity he will be our Washington link at least % million to no more than 200,000 armed enemy forces from landing in the in the last two years." United States.'' It is not an exaggeration to with the 180,000 member association of I also quote from John Bartels, Jr., Ad­ use the metaphors of war in talking about lawyers from coast to coast, acting as a ministrator of the U.S. Drug Enforcement the drug menace. A full-scale, comprehensive two-way street to assist in the solving of Admlnistration: ". . . overall traffic in heroin battle, involving full international coopera­ the perplexing problems of our time. to the United States is decreasing largely tion is urgently needed if we are every to I congratulate the ABA on its astute as the result of the Turkish opium ban"; de3troy this enemy, and this is the message appointment; I wish Herb much success and from Francois Le Moel, Director of the which the House is sending to the Turkish in his new venture. French Police Central Narcotics Office: government. " ... during the last year, the opium l:an in President Nixon also said: "Any govern­ Turkey has created a severe shortage of ment whose leaders participate in or protect morphine base in Western Europe and traf­ the activities of those who contribute to our ficers found it increasingly difficult to drug problem should know that the Presi­ BAN THE GROWING OF OPIUM manufacture heroin. Traffic to North America dent of the United States is required by POPPIES has been drastically reduced.'' statute to suspend all American economic Let us look even further at the realities of and military assistance to such a regime and the situation to which H. Con. Res. 507 ad­ I shall not hesitate to comply with that law dresses itself. Prior to the opium ban, the where there are any violations." The Admin­ HON. LESTER L. WOLFF majority, up to 80%, of the heroin destined istration has req1....ested $215 million in mili­ OF NEW YORK for our eastern shores came from Turkish tary assistance for Turkey and almost $20 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES poppies via the now nearly defunct French million in economic aid. While the House is Connection. Over half a million Americans considering this request, we are also asking Monday, June 10, 1974 were enslaved by the drug menace. $27 bil· the President to consider his past statements lion worth of property in the U.S. was stolen on drug abuse and the impact which the re­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, last Thurs­ sumption of Turkish opium production will day, June 6, 1974, Congressmen RANGEL, each year in connection with heroin addic­ tion. From our point of view, the drug prob­ have on our drug problem. DERWINSKI, and MURPHY of Illinois lem prior to the opium ban had reached near joined with me in a press conference to epidemic proportions. COSPONSORS OF H. CON. RES. 507 announce that our resolution, House Now let us weigh these statistics and the Wolff, Rangel, Rodino, Abzug, Addabbo, Concurrent Resolution 507, concerning extent of our drug problem with the stakes Albert, Alexander, Annuzio, Aspin, Badillo, the possibility to Turkey lifting its pres­ involved as far as Turkey is concerned should Barrett, Beard, Bell, Benitez, Bergland, ent ban on the growing of opium poppies, the ban be lifted. The licit production of Bevill, Biaggi, Bingham, Blatnik, Boland, had achieved cosponsorship of 227 Rep­ opium in Turkey from 1969 until the ban Bowen, Brademas, Brasco, Breaux, Brotz­ was imposed brought the Turks only $5 mil­ man, Broyhill, George Brown, Clarence resentatives, more than half of the Mem­ ilon a year. Less than 1 % of the population Brown, Buchanan, Burke (Calif.), Burke bers of the House. At this point in the of Turkey was engaged in opium production (Mass.). Burke (Fla.), Carey, Carney, Ca.:.ey, RECORD, I would like to insert my re­ at the time the ban was instituted, and less Chamberlain, Chisholm, Clark, Clawson, marks at the press conference, as well than 1 % of Turkey's gross national product Clay, Collins (Ill.), Conte, Conyers, Corman, as a complete list of cosponsors of the ls derived from poppy cultivation. In other Cotter, Crane, Dominick Daniels, Danielson, resolution: words, 99 % of the Turkish population is not John Davis, Mendel Davis, Delaney, Del­ jeopardized by the opium ban, and in reality, lums, de Lugo, Denholm, Dent, Derwinski, STATEMENT BY REPRESENTATIVE those who will profit most from resumption Diggs. LESTER L. WOLFF of opium production will be the illicit drug Dingell, Donohue, Downing, Drinan, Dul­ I have called this press conference today traffickers. ski, Duncan, du Pont, Edwards (Calif.), Eil­ to announce that 237 Members of the House, When we balance the scales of implication berg, Esch, Frank Evans, Joe Evins, Fascell, a clear majority, have joined as cosponsors and consider the stakes involved for both Fish, Flood, Flowers, Ford, Frenzel, Fulton, of House Concurrent Resolution 507. This Turkey and the United States if the opium Fuqua, Gaydos, Gettys, Gilman, Goldwater, resolution urges the President to negotiate ban is lifted, we have no choice but to take Gonzalez, Grasso, Gray, William Green, with the Turkish government to prevent a every step possible to prevent resumption of Griffiths, Grover, Gubser, Gunter, Haley, dissolution of the Turkey poppy growing ban. poppy cultivation. The House does not wish Hammerschmidt, Hanna, H.1.nley, Harrington, It also directs the President to exercise his to impose its will upon the Turkish people, Hawkins, Mrs. Heckler (Mass.), Hechler (W. authority to cut off all U.S. aid to Turkey but it should seem obvious that it is not the Va.), Heinz, Henderson, Hicks, Hogan, Holtz­ should these negotiations fail and Turkey majority of the Turkish people who are in­ man, Huber, Hungate, Hunt, !chord, John­ resume poppy production. volved in opium production. It would seem, son (Pa.), Bob Jones, Jones (Okla.), Jordan, House cosponsorship of this resolution is rather, that there are those in the political Karth, Kastenmeier. broad and bi-partisan. It includes Speaker scene who would exploit the Turkish people Kazen, Kemp, King, Kluczynski, Koch, Carl Albert, Minority Leader John Rhodes by insisting that the ban is harmful to their Kyros, Lagomarsino, Landgrebe, Latta, and Majority Leader Tip O'Neill. The over­ people's well-being. Leggett, Lehman, Lent, Long (Md.), Long whelming support it has received indicates The Turkish government claims that there (La.), Lujan, Luken, McCormack, McDade, that the U.S. House of Representatives is was no definite agreement with our govern­ McFall, McKay, Madden, Maraziti, Martin sending an unequivocal message to the Turk­ ment to end poppy cultivation. And yet, (N.C.), Mathias, Matsunaga, Mazzoli, Met­ ish government that our commitment to rid Turkey has been quite willing to accept the calfe, Mezvinsky, Miller, Mills, Mink, Min­ this Nation of the drug menace will not be fruits of that agreement, namely the $36 shall, Mitchell (N.Y.), Mitchell (Md.), Mizell, eroded for any reason. million in U.S. subsidies to prevent opium Moakley, Montgomery, Moorhead (Pa.), Moss, This resolution should not be considered production. The Turkish government also Murphy (N.Y.), Murphy (Ill.), Murtha, as a threat against the Turkish government, claims that any agreement that was made Myers, Nix, O'Brien, O'Hara, O'Neill, Owens, but rather as a tool to deal with the realities was done so with a military government not Patten, Pepper, Perkins, Peyser, Podell, Bob of a situation which carries the gravest im­ duly elected by the people, and ls thus in­ Price (Tex.), Price (Ill.). plications for this Nation's wellbeing. Should valid. Are we then to assume that all previous Quie, Railsback, Rarick, Regula, Rhodes, Turkey's present efforts to resume poppy cul­ agreements that have been made between Riegle, Roberts, Roe, Roncalio (Wyo.), Ron­ tivation succeed, we may expect to lose an the U.S. and Turkey are now inoperative? callo (N.Y.), Rosenthal, Rostenkowski, additional 250,000 young Americans to the I seriously doul'Jt that the Turks would ravishes of drug addiction. Roush, Rousselot, Roy, Roybal, Ryan, St Ger­ want to nullify the mutual defense treaty main, Sarasin, Sarbanes, Scherle, Schroe­ Prior to the institution of the Turkish we have with them, or give back the more opium ban two years ago, there were approx­ than $3 billion in military assistance we have der, Seiberling, Shuster, Sikes, Sisk, Skubitz, imately 500,000 heroin addicts in the United provided. Henry P. Smith, Neal Smith, Snyder, Spence, States. The effect of the opium ban has been The point is, the present Turkish govern­ James V. Stanton, Stark, Steed, Steele, to cut that number virtually in half. I quote ment continues to ignore the basic reality of Stephens, Stokes, Studds, Roy A. Taylor, from Jerome Hornblass, Commissioner of the the situation involved here-that our coun­ Thornton, Tiernan, Traxler, Udall, Vander New York City Addiction Agency: "Since try is literally involved in an all-out war on Veen, Vanik, Vigorito, Waggonner, Waldie, 1972, when the Turkish government in re- heroin addiction, and that Turkey has a Walsh, Whalen, White, Chas. Wilson (Calif.), 18602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 Chas. Wilson (Tex.), Bob Wilson (Calif.), Nixon administration. The record of the Force in the development of advanced Yates, Yatron, Young (Ga.), Young (S.C.), administration on the ethnic studies pro­ medium short take-off and landing Zion. gram shows these officials to have dis­ transport. The Air Force awarded Boeing tinguished themselves as "election-year a contract for remotely piloted vehicles. ETHNIC STUDIES: A NEW PRIDE IN ethnics." Boeing has been developing the YQM- THE OLD COUNTRY In 1972, the year the ethnic studies 94A, a long-range high-altitude model to program was enacted into law, Mr. Nixon be used primarily for signal intelligence courted ethnic voters assiduously. But collection. in January 1973, when he submitted his Boeing has an important role in Amer­ HON. JAMES V. STANTON budget, the President requested abso­ ican civil aviation-the 707, 727, 737, OF OHIO lutely nothing in funding for ethnic stud­ 747-and, as I have shown, it also has an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ies. Now, in 1974, the President included important role in American military avi­ $2 million in his budget for program ation. It is easy to understand why the Monday, June 10, 1974 funding, but he did this only after Con­ Soviets are interested in gaining Amer­ Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. gress prodded him by passing a funding ican technology in this field. As an aside, Speaker, as a Congressman from Cleve­ bill. While this amount will get the pro­ it is interesting to note that Aeroflot, the land, one of the ethnic capitals of gram off the ground, it is a mere pittance Soviet airline completely dependent on America, and home of over 500,000 men compared to the $15 million which Con­ Soviet aircraft, has been described as and women of foreign stock, I am vitally gress has authorized for the program. "the world's most dangerous and ineffi­ concerned about the future of the ethnic Furthermore, the President's budget cient airline." What is difficult to under­ studies program, title IX of the Elemen­ specifically states that he wants no fund­ stand is why the U.S. Government should tary and Secondary Education Act. ing in 1975. allow firms to help the Soviets out of The program symbolizes a new thought Both the House and Senate have this their aircraft problems, particularly in .America's life, that one's ethnic back­ year passed comprehensive education when much "civil" aircraft technology is ground is something he should take pride bills, and the legislation is now in con­ readily adaptable for military purposes. in; that it is a valuable heritage, to be ference. The Senate approved, as part Soviet aircraft technology is not in the passed on from generation to generation. of this bill, H.R. 69, a provision extend­ interests of the United States. It must Not long ago, it was considered to be un­ ing the ethnic heritage studies program be stopped. fashionable to speak in terms of one's for 5 years, with an authorization of $15 At this point I include in the RECORD nationality. There was a belief that to million per year. The Hotl.5e bill includes the article "Boeing Signs Air Protocol become a "true American," one had to no provision on ethnic heritage. I strong­ With Soviets" from the Washington Post foresake the history, customs, and tradi­ ly urge my colleagues on the Conference of June 6, 1974: tions of his ancestors. Committee to accept the Senate position. BOEING SIGNS Am PROTOCOL WITH SOVIETS Fortunately, this snobbish notion that The Boeing Aircraft Co. and the Soviet we must somehow be ashamed of our Union signed, a protocol in Moscow yester­ ethnic background has now been re­ day on formalizing discussions on joint civil jected. We have come to realize that BUILDING SOVIET AIR POWER aviation projects-perhaps including the con­ struction of an American-designed aircraft America became a great nation not by plant in Russia. rejecting all that the Old World had to Besides the plant, the Soviet news agency offer, but by accepting and nourishing HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Tass said the cooperative agreement could the best of each nationality and culture. result eventually in the Joint design and de­ We realize that America will continue to OF OHIO velopment of new passenger aircraft and be great only so long as it lives up to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES helicopbrs. promise of tolerance and respect for di­ Monday, June 10, 1974 But Boeing discouraged speculation that any big project was imminent. The company versity that makes it unique. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Boeing said discussions with Soviet officials have This is an important time for the eth­ Aircraft Co. and the Soviet Union have been going on since 1971 and the protocol nic heritage movement, Mr. Speaker, for signed a protocol in Moscow to formalize "allows these discussions to proceed in a under the ethnic heritage studies pro­ discussions on joint aviation projects. more formal manner." gram, the first major Federal effort in These projects may include the construc­ Boeing said further that the discussions this area, grants of over $2 million will tion of an aircraft plant in the Soviet with the Russians to date "are limited to the be made for study projects across the exchange of scientific and technical informa­ Union and development of new passenger tion in the civil aviation field." country. aircraft and helicopters. While these Before any aircraft agreements could be Ethnic leaders of the Cleveland area projects are only in the discussion stage, made, Boeing would have to receive the ap­ are seizing the opportunity offered by there is an exchange of scientific and proval of the State and Defense departments. the act. Their application combines the technical information in "the civil avia­ One obvious concern of the American military resources of the Cleveland Board of Edu­ tion field." In other words, the Soviets would be whether the Soviet Union would cation, the area colleges, and the ethnic gain valuable technology for its bombers and are gaining information on American fighters. organizations. It provides for a gathering aircraft technology at this time. One company official stressed that these of the study materials now existing in While reports of the protocol are care­ and other questions would take considerable the community, as well as for further re­ ful to make mention of civil aviation, it time to resolve-meaning the protocol is just search. The study project will formulate is important to remember that the vari­ one of the early steps towards a significant elementary and secondary school courses ous technologies used for civilian aircraft cooperative agreement. in ethnic studies based on these mate­ can often be easily adapted for military rials, and the courses will be taught by use. Some examples of Boeing civilian instructors trained in the use of the aircraft that have been adapted for mil­ material. itary PUrPoses and presently used by the STILL OPPOSED TO SCHOOLBUSING The comprehensive approach taken by U.S. Air Force are the E-3A based on the the Cleveland area is excellent, making 747B, the KC-135 Stratotanker and the HON. JOHN W. DAVIS the fullest possible use of the vast re­ C-135 Stratolifter based on the 707, and sources in the community. This program OF GEORGIA the T-43A based on the 737-200. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could even include having older people In addition to the aircraft that I have with special skills or knowledge come just mentioned, Boeing has a number of Monday, June 10, 1974 into the classroom to teach the children other aircraft and missiles in use by the Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, the music, the history, the cooking, the U.S. Air Force. These include the B-52, I was recorded as voting in the nega­ language of the old country. KC-97L, C-97G, LGM-30 F /G Minute­ tive on the motion by Congressman I regret that, despite the promise of man ICBM, AGM-69A supersonic air-to­ MARVIN L. ESCH which appears on page projects such as this, the outlook for the surface nuclear missiles, and the Burner 17882 of the June 5 CONGRESSIONAL REC­ ethnic heritage studies program is not IT and Burner TIA booster missiles. ORD. good. The major reason for this dim out­ The Boeing Aircraft Co. also is in­ This is in diametric opposition to my look, Mr. Speaker, is the attitude of the volved in contractual work for the Air views and I wish to take this opportu- June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18603 nity to make my views on this matter nations. And still, according to Mr. Hen­ As we interpret the provision, the trans­ nessy we somehow are responsible too fer will not include the composite movement clear. I have been and remain opposed to of the HISC staff or files, nor provides for forced schoolbusing. for easing the effects of the Arab price the continuity of the Committee's necessary boost and the higher costs of food and work in investigating organizations that fertilizers on others when we have not threaten the very existence of this Nation. eased them here at home. This being the case, the League, a congres­ WHY IS IT OUR RESPONSIBILITY? As for me, I am against adding 1 U.S. sionally-chartered association, composed en­ tax dollar to the giveaways, whether they tirely of Marines and veteran Marines, un­ be in the form of loans or outright grants. equivocally opposes any efforts by the House HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS And I cannot, and shall not, accept the Members to transfer the Internal Security OF PENNSYLVANIA specious premise of this administration 'Committee, or curtail or delete any of its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES present authority as a separate committee that we must use our scarce tax dollars of the House of Representatives. Monday, June 10, 1974 to convince the rich Arab oil states that The history of the HISC has been one of they should do more for the less fortu­ dedication and duty to Country and the Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, I ask a nate countries. Let world opinion apply American public. It has brought to the at­ question which has not been satisfactorily the pressure on the Arabs. At least, let tention of one and all the elements within answered despite its pertinence over the us give it a try. It cannot assert itself as the United States that advocate the down­ last quarter century. When and by what long as Uncle Sam keeps playing the fall of our Nation, or who threaten its prin­ means were the American people made ciples as bequeathed to us by our Founding financially responsible for the supposed sucker as willingly as Mr. Hennessy in­ Fathers. well-being of the rest of the world? sists he should. These elements have and are continuing to infiltrate every conceivable activity that may, The question arises once more in the can, or Will influence the American citizenry. contention of John M. Hennessy, Assist­ Subversive groups have placed their mem­ ant Secretary of the Treasury, that U.S. MARINES LAND TO SUPPORT HISC bers in the Nation's schools, public offices, tax dollars in the amount of another bil­ governmental positions, and even in our lion should be contributed during the Armed Forces. Consequently, they have been coming year to International Develop­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK somewhat successful in contributing to the ment Banks for Latin America, Asia, and OF OHIO recession of many of our American ideals and Africa. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES practices. Only the House Committee on Internal Se­ Mr. Hennessy, of course, speaks for Monday, June 10, 1974 curity "stands tall" as a bastion of democ­ the administration. And his arguments racy. It has served the Congress and the in favor of this billion-dollar contribu­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the American public as a "warning device" tion reflect, I take it, the White House Marines have landed on the legislative against those who would tear down this great attitude which obviously has not been beaches and are prepared to join the Republic. changed one bit by the present plight of engagement precipitated by the House Although the Committee has not been in our dollar abroad, the inflation at home, Select Committee on Committees' pro­ existence as long as the United States Marine and the immense new cost burdens grind­ posal to abolish the House Committee on Corps, it certainly has earned its battle ing down upon our people. Internal Security and "transfer its func­ streamers as a defender of the Nation within. tions" to the Committee on Government Where the Corps stands as a deterrent to Mr. Hennessy contends that the in­ outside aggression, the HISC continues to crease in the crude oil price, plus the in­ Operations. maintain a check against those who would creases in the costs of food and fertilizers, The Marine Corps League unequivoc­ attack us from the inside. has placed a heavy burden on the "least ally opposes any effort to transfer, to The House Committee on Internal Secu­ developed" countries and thus demands curtail, or to delete HISC's present au­ rity has the vote and confidence of the Ma­ that we Americans continue our generos­ thority, according to the magnanimous rine Corps League and, as our Marines, has ities from now until at least 1980. message sent to selected Members of the through dedication, loyalty, and service to And why us? Mr. Hennessy has a ready House by Mr. C. A. McKinney, the Country further earned the right to use the league's legislative officer, on behalf of Marine Corps League's motto, "Semper Fi­ answer. Unless we keep ladling out our delis"-( "always faithful"). tax dollars to loan funds for development the National Commandant. To "sink" the Committee at this time when projects, we may aggravate the prob­ Noting that the committee ''has earned our Nation stands in peril is the worst that lems of these other countries and also its battle streamers" and "stands tall" as could happen to the internal defenses of our undermine our efforts to get the new oil­ a bastion of democracy, the league's Nation's security. rich nations to contribute more than letter of June 5, cites HISC's role as a Semper Fidelis, they are doing now to alleviate world check or warning device against those C. A. McKINNEY, who would attack this Nation from with­ National Legislative Officer for the poverty. in as the corps itself acts as a deterrent National Commandant. Put another way, this debt-troubled, to outside aggression. The league's letter, deficit-financed Nation, now facing in­ which follows and which is deeply ap­ ternal economic problems of great mag­ preciated I am sure, by all members nitude, must, in Mr. Hennessy's and the who have, over the years, supported the AMENDMENT TO H.R. 10294 administration's view, borrow more committee, offers HISC its "vote and money at staggering interest rates in confidence." order to contribute this money to Inter­ The letter follows: HON. BILL GUNTER national Development Banks to be OF FLORIDA NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, loaned at low interest rates-1 percent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for example-to other countries. MARINE CORPS LEAGUE, June 5, 1974. Monday, June 10, 1974 And we are to undertake this-wor­ Hon. JOHN M. ASHBROOK, sening of our own fiscal situation-so Ranking Minority Member, House Commit­ Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow that we might convince the oil black­ tee on Internal Security, Cannon House when the House considers H.R. 10294 I mailing Arab States to do more to help, Of/ice Building, Washington, n.a. plan to offer an amendment which I be­ in large part, their neighbors in Africa DEAR CONGRESSMAN ASHBROOK: It is our lieve will help fulfill the purpose of pub­ understanding that the House Committee lic participation in the land use process. and in Asia. Has there ever been a more on Select Committees' recommendation for absurd reading of a Nation's interna­ restructuring has been referred for further In order to give timely notice the text tional responsibility. study to a special subcommittee of the of the amendment follows: We have given away more billions to Democratic Caucus chaired by the Honorable Amendment to H.R. 10294, as reported, date than even the Washington com­ Julia B. Hansen, Congresswoman from offered by Mr. GUNTER: puters can calculate, the methods of giv­ Washington. Page 29, line 16, immediately before "sub­ ing being so varied and complex. We have The Marine Corps League has reviewed the stantial" insert the following: "public hear­ more debt already upon us than the debt restructing proposal with concern. It noted ings in sufficient numbers and places within that the Committee recommends the trans­ the Sta,te so as to assure easy accessibi11ty by of all the rest of the world combined. fer of the House Committee on Internal all local governmental officials, and the public We are functioning on a deficit greater Security to the Committee on Government generally, to such public hearings, as well as than the spending budgets of most other Operations. other methods of". 18604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10', 1974 ''GEMUETLICHKEIT'' lumbering town as well, filled with men this week to spend a day enjoying the of courage and gusto, skilled at their Old World flavor of this nationally hazardous work. A sawmill became the known festival. To them, on behalf of nucleus of the early Frankenmuth. the people of Frankenmuth, I extend HON. BOB TRAXLER Because the railroads never penetrated the traditional greeting of Germans OF MIClilGAN the boundaries of the town, the Bavarian everywhere-''Willkommen.'' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES traditions and culture of the community Monday, June 10, 1974 have remained. One of the major Ba­ varian attractions of the city is the Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, this week, Frankenmuth style chicken dinners THE DEFENSE CONFIDENCE GAME June 9-15, the citizens of Frankenmuth, served at two large restaurants-Zehn­ Mich., are celebrating their 18th annual der's and, directly across the street, the Bavarian Festival. The week-long cele­ Bavarian Inn, both operated by the HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS bration is a time when over 200,000 festi­ Zehnder family. Together these restau­ val-goers are expected to join in the OF CALIFORNIA rants often serve 20,000 meals a week IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spirit of Bavarian fellowship, a time and as many as 8,000 on a Sunday and when the charm and excitement of the employ over 500 people. Bronner's Monday, June 10, 1974 "Old World" come to life again. Christmas Showrooms and Tannenbaum Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, as a Located in the green rural heartland Shop feature the country's largest display member of the Armed Services Commit­ of Michigan, Frankenmuth is an oasis of of indoor and outdoor decorations; many tee and a participant of the debates on beauty and charm, healthful, and relax­ of the decorations are the firm's own military spending in this body, I some­ ing living. The 1.3 million people who designs and are made to order by Euro­ times feel an air of unreality about our visit Frankenmuth every year find a pean and Oriental glass artisans. For over doctrines and the official "missions" for cordial unassuming atmosphere, a sug­ 100 years, Frankenmuth has produced its the various proposed weapons systems, gestion of the bountiful farm dinners own brand of beer. Carling established but somehow, I do not think we are and cheerful way of life many of them a plant in the city around the turn of arguing about what is really important, enjoyed in their youth. the century and is now recognized as as far as military decisionmaking is con­ Frankenmuth is a place where one can operating Michigan's most modern brew­ cerned. I fact, if we look at the story of still find the "gemuetlichkeit" of old ery. The town also boasts the Franken­ military spending since World War II Bavaria. Never translated the same way muth Cheese Haus-the town gave its as a whole, we see very clearly that doc­ by any two Germans, ''gemuetlichkeit" name to Frankenmuth cheese, a whipped trine follows the weapon system, and is a comfortable way of life, a life that curd-type developed here-Rupprecht's not vice versa. Indeed, I do not think tastes the flavor of good food, good Sausage Haus, a woodworking shop, I am overly suspicious when I think homes, good business and good fellow­ metalworking and machine building that ow· arguments about strategic doc­ ship. shops, the Frankenmuth Mutual Insur­ trines are a distraction from the real The 129-year-old city of Frankenmuth ance Co., and the Frankenmuth State issues. was conceived in 1845 as an unique ex­ Bank. The Frankenmuth News has been For one thing, the strategic doctrines periment. A Bavarian Lutheran mis­ a voice rallying Frankenmuth citizens to all seem to go in one direction-toward sionary society inte1·ested in bringing the innumerable achievements since 1906. greater technological complexity-as one Gospel to the Chippewa Indians decided Frankenmuth is constantly reaching replaces another. As Mary Kaldor and that a pastor with a small group of be­ into the past and yet it does not forget Alexander Cockburn, the authors of an lievers would illustrate Christianity bet­ the future. Modern life graciously fuses excellent recent article in the New York ter than a single missionary. So on with the tradition of history, inexhaus­ Review of Books put it: April 20, 1945, a company of 15 German tible vitality with age. Today, a growing Arguments of this kind can never be re­ Lutheran emigrants embarked from town of 4,000 people, a city with the solved. They escape the objective test of war, Bremerhaven, arriving in Frankenmuth capacity to adapt to change, as its many and in peacetime one strategic policy can 3 months later. modern schools, parks, homes, insurance succeed another with no ultimately convinc­ It was a large and unpopulated coun­ company and banks testify, Franken­ ing criterion of its superiority. The tendency, try that received the group of settlers. muth's significant achievements and of course, 1s for the strategies to spiral up­ Their only connections with the outside ward in expense and baroque elaboration, progress are a result of quiet evolution, rather than downward to a cheap simple sys­ world were the navigable Cass River and a blending of past with present. tem to destroy the world ..• Such debates the Indian trails which wound their way Pre-Bavarian festival a-etivities began and forward perspectives err to the extent through the dense forests. Yet those 15 Saturday with the "Festival of Bugles that they are conducted in a political vac­ people, far from Germany with its forti­ and Drums" competition featuring corps uum. fied cities and its sense of history that from surrounding States and Canada. stretched back to the Middle Ages, Could it be that the reason for this On Sunday the f es tival officially opened mounting complexity has something to eagerly embraced the new land-cleared with a parade of marching bands and the soil, grew crops and made it their do with the capacities and needs of the colorful floats. The "Spas Platz" is open research and development bureaucracy, home. Through sound agricultural prac­ every day from noon to midnight fea­ tices, the Frankenmuth settlers carved both in the Pentagon and in so-called turing top name polka bands, arts, and "private industry?" out and have kept for almost 130 years crafts exhibits from all over the United fertile and productive fields and fruitful The first wave of weapons production after States, children's activities and the the Second World War began to subside in gardens. "jungvievhhof"-small animal farm. the late Fifties. In the resulting trough a True to their calling, the first building Bavarian "madchens" in traditional plethora of new projects was introduced ... the settlers erected in the New World German attire will be on hand to dish A decade later large cuts in the space budget was their church. The present St. Lorenz up plenty of the Frankenmuth food­ coincided with recession in civil aviation and Lutheran Church, built across the street delicious barbecued chicken plate din­ merchant shipping. The second great wave of from where the original log church once ners, bratwurst and other Bavarian spe­ postwar military boondoggles was subsiding: stood, is one of Michigan's oldest and cialties-topped with foamy steins of the time was propitious for a. new set of largest Lutheran congregations. Since its Frankenmuth's own favorite beverage­ decisions. founding in 1845, the church has re­ beer. I invite my colleagues to read this well­ mained a center for the spreading of the Many Michigan towns have an under­ researched and well-presented article, Lutheran faith, sending out more than lying European culture; a few like Hol­ and to introduce some reality into our de­ 200 men and women into the Lutheran land-Dutch-and Posen-Polish-com­ bates. I believe the article convincingly ministry and teaching profession. The memorate it with festivals. But Frank­ shows that the Pentagon claim that the St. Lorenz School is the largest Prot­ enmuth and its Bavarian Festival are budget is not going up is a result of jug­ estant parochial school in the Nation, uniquely entertaining and exciting. I gling with figures and some very gen­ with over 700 students enrolled. would like to extend an invitation to my erous assumptions. Another excuse for In its pioneer days Frankenmuth was colleagues and all Americans who may the present building program-the "ag­ not only a missionary colony, it was a be traveling or vacationing in Michigan gressive Soviet modernization pro- June 10, 19·74 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK$ 18605 gram"-is also put into context, the etration aids) move through the somber overseas. The first set of SALT agreements heavens. were acknowledgments of the fact that both context of overwhelming Sovet inferior­ Strange sets of initials, too cumbersome the USA and the USSR can inflict intolerable ity. We should not let the Pentagon set even to be acronyms, come sliding out of the damage upon each other, and this mutual the terms for our debates, and look be­ swamp, unrecognizable to all but the most knowledge was assumed to be "stabilizing," a yond their spurious issues to the real expert of zoologists. Here comes AABNCP word much favored in such strategic debate. dynamics of military spending. (E-4). What Schlesinger is now proposing as a The first half of the article follows: The AABNCP program, as currently topic for national debate is the doctrine of THE DEFENSE CONFIDENCE GAME planned, would be pursued in several stages Flexible and Selective Targeting Options, geared to our growing understanding of the popularly called Counterforce, although Sch­ (By Mary Kaldor and Alexander Cockburn) command and control problem in a nuclear lesinger is careful to distinguish between the Report of the Secretary of Defense, James war environment, and to the further devel­ two. Counterforce means the ability to hit R. Schlesinger, to the Congress on the FY opment of applicable technology.... the other side's missile silos. It has been op­ 1975 Defense Budget and FY 1975-1979 De­ What is this? Actually it's the Advanced posed by SALT strategists lest it should un­ fense Program, U.S. Government Printing Airborne National Command Post: converted dermine the MAD doctrine and establish Office, $2.60. Boeing 747s stuffed with electronic equip­ what is known in the business as a Disarm­ I ment and high brass which can fly about for ing First Strike Incentive. Flexible Target­ Although it would be frivolous to devote up to sixteen hours without refueling in the ing Options means providing the President extensive space to the purely stylistic aspects event of nuclear attack. The NEACP or Na­ with the choice between Counterforce (mis­ of James Schlesinger's 1975 defense budget tional Emergency Airborne Command Post sile silos) or Countervalue (people). Schles­ we should note at the outset that his prose will carry the President himself, always as­ inger makes great play with the essentially is that of a man visibly animated by strong suming that he has survived the perilous humanitarian features of his new doctrine in and eccentric emotions. One would not ex­ transition between White House and Andrews this regard, asking why "the terrible retri­ pect someone who spends his hours of re­ Air Force Base.3 A computer terminal aboard bution" of MAD should be visited on the laxation listening to tape recordings of bird the E-4, connected directly to the "WWMCCS Russian people for "some ill-defined trans­ song, and his hours of worship at the Luth­ ground-based ADP system," will furnish the gression of ther leaders." He also argues that eran church making careful notes on the airborne commander in chief with progress if one makes the idea of limited nuclear war sermon, to produce merely humdrum requests reports on nuclear destruction for as long as credible {by lowering the nuclear threshold, for money.1 the ground-based system continues to func­ so to speak), one enhances deterrence. An On the very first page of the budget he is tion. Thereafter, says Schlesinger bleakly, "it adversary is more likely to believe in nuclear quoting the psalmist to the effect that "where would have to operate in a manual mode." retaliation for an act of aggression if retalia­ there is no vision the people perish," and Unfortunately we do not yet know the cost tion does not entail general holocaust. after sixteen pages he has taken wings: "Eli and timing of the actual computer terminal, In effect FTO means acquiring a limited Whitney belongs to us, not to our competi­ as opposed to the aircraft, since "it has yet Counterforce "capability," or rather improv­ tors. He rather than the medieval craftsmen to be fully defined." ing the efficiency of a Counterforce capability of Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartre-however This budget, with its "long haul posture," already possessed by present US missiles, magnificent and unique their art-must once represents a significant increase in real ex­ which can now be retargeted to hit Soviet again become our model. The startling in­ penditure-a Great Leap Forward of the kind missile silos or indeed any other specific mili­ vocation of Eli Whitney follows immedi­ that has occurred about every ten years. tary objective. In any case a limited Coun­ ately after sentiments less exalted, but more Each leap forward comes equipped with a terforce capability does not fit the two arg­ to the point: "We can and must become in­ new strategic doctrine: for example, in the uments which might justify it. It cannot pro­ creasingly competitive with potential adver­ early Fifties it was the doctrine of "massive vide a disarming first strike so long as sub­ saries in a more fundamental sense. We must retaliation," which justified the maintenance marine-based missiles cannot be detected. On not be forced out of the market-on land, at of high post-Korean War budgets. In the the other hand it is not sufficiently limited sea or in the air." early Sixties it was the strategy of "flexible to avert massive retaliation. Schlesinger may This is by way of introduction to Schles­ response." And now, in the dawn of the "long feel the tenderest emotions toward the inger's main theme: "This is our first peace­ haul posture," we have Flexible Targeting Russian people but he cannot really expect time defense budget in a decade. It is there­ Options which have come to be known as that nuclear explosions will not damage ci­ fore an appropriate time to consider best Counterforce. The announcement of a pro­ ties or industry, and that the Russians will how to settle down for the long haul." In a posed new doctrine is not necessarily directly not be prepared to reply in kind. reflex action, familiar to those who have im­ linked to huge budgetary appropriations One of Schlesinger's rationales for this mersed themselves in Pentagonese, this be­ (Schlesinger requests only $310 m111ion for seemingly otiose "improvement" is based on comes "a long haul posture." But Schles­ Counterforce this year), but debate has de­ the development of new heavy ICBMs by the inger is not a stupid man and his budget is veloped conveniently about it, leaving such Soviet Union and its testing for the first time adroitly presented. It demands the closest items as $26.5 b111ion for operation and main­ last year of a lVIIRVed warhead (a missile scrutiny, for his vision of "the long haul tenance of existing forces under relatively which in flight releases several individually posture" raises profound and gloomy ques­ less intense scrutiny. Counterforce, in short, targetable warheads. The US tested its first tions about the nature of the arms race in has become this year's fashionable topic~n MIRVs in 1968 and deployed them in 1970) . the Seventies; about the real intentions of excellent lightning conductor. Those developments in the Soviet strategic this peacetime budget and what it portends. Since 1967 the official strategic doctrine of arsenal-stlll in the testing stage-could, The most conspicuous feature of the FY the U.S. has been Assured Destruction, or­ according to Schlesinger, enable the Russians in its more companionable form-Mutual to destroy US missile silos. {fiscal year) 1975 defense budget is its colos­ The word used to frighten people about sal size. "A policy," Schlesinger remarks, "re­ Assured Destruction (MAD). The essence of this strategy ls simple enough. The enemy Russian ICBMs is their "throw-weight," that quiring us to maintain our military strength is to say, the size of the warhead they are and alliances while we are actively pursuing wm be deterred from attempting a first strike by the prospect of instant destruction of its capable of releasing. Russian missiles are not detente with the Soviet Union and the Peo­ cities and industry. The Assured Destruction nearly as accurate as their American coun­ ple's Republic of China may appear to some doctrine allows Schlesinger to say in this terparts and thus need copious throwweight as incongruous." The incongruity, expressed year's budget that even after a more bril­ to produce sufficiently large explosions to in round figures, amounts to this: the DOD liantly executed and devastating attack than compensate. This also means that Russian has requested budgetary authority to spend we believe our potential adversaries could ICBMs will inevitably slaughter a large num­ $99.1 billion (the largest ever, with the ex­ deliver, the United States would retain the ber of American citizens as well as account­ ception of 1942 when the figure was $99.5 capability to kill more than 30 percent of the ing for missile silos. So why is Schlesinger billion) and the DOD's estimated outlay is Soviet population and destroy more than 75 suggesting that the USSR has a. limited $85.8 billion, the largest sum ever to be spent percent of Soviet industry. At the same time Counter-force capacity when his own the­ by the Defense Department. This, despite we could hold in reserve a major capability ology of Counterforce implies "limited col­ DOD claims to the contrary, represents an against the PRC. lateral damage"? 8 percent real increase on the outlays for (It ls reckoned by DOD strategists who ex­ The "bargaining chip" rationale also makes FY 1942.2 clude the capricious tyrant contingency its predictable appearance. Schlesinger says To adjust ourselves to the atmospheric from their calculations that the Soviet Union he needs to develop new strategic systems as conditions required to maintain life and would regard as "unacceptable" the loss of bargaining counters in negotiations with the sanity on the DOD's budgetary planet we 25 percent of its population and 50 percent of Russians and as a hedge against failure to should begin by slowly breathing in the its industrial capacity. As Schlesinger re­ reach agreement :i.n strategic arms limita­ marks, these figures were arrived at in the tion. In the Senate Armed Services Commit­ strange terminology of defense jargon. Un­ tee hearings on the budget Senator Syming­ familiar flora. and fauna. abound: Worst Case Sixties because "beyond those levels very ra­ ton had some sour reflections, in this re­ Analysis ( consideration of the worst things pidly diminishing increments of damage gard, on just how much the arms control that could possibly happen, and consequent would be achieved for each additional dollar disarmament discussion generally called response to them as though they were true) invested.") SALT is costing our tax payers. The ABM and adjacent to this concept its half brother, To achieve assured destruction the U.S. can was sold as a bargaining chip. Trident was Higher Than Expected Threat. Pena.ids (pen- count on approximately 6,000 deliverable sold as a bargaining chip and this new warheads excluding those carried by strategic Counterforce targeting is being sold as a Footnotes at end of article. bombers and by tactical launchers based bargaining chip . . . I am worried about CXX--1173-Part 14 18606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 19·74 still more bargaining chips that pop up reg­ the WWMCCS (Worldwide Military Control These projects were followed by others in ularly and so heavily increase our costs. and Command System) will keep him in expensive succession. For Boeing, the Minute­ Liberal arms controllers argue that al­ touch, "no matter where he may be-in the man followed the B-52 strategic bomber, though Counterforce demands small sums White House, Camp David, San Clemente, Key which followed the B-47. Between 1952 and of money-$310.7 million-it could provoke Biscayne, or airl>orne." 1973 Newport News's yards have produced no a new round in the arms race with enor­ fewer than seven carriers, each bigger and mously "destabilizing" consequences for the n better than the last, bow to stern, in the East-West relationship. They may be right. The substantial increases in this year's best follow-on tradition. Lock.heed developed But Counterforce may justify an arms build­ budget are not due to a sudden change of a notorious (for cost over-runs and allied up quite apart from any Soviet arms increase heart toward the Soviet Union, or to a strik­ misfortunes) series of heavy transport and quite apart from the presumed merits of ing shift in strategic thinking. They are, planes; the most recent being the C-5A. the new strategy. To see why we must first rather, consequences of past decisions. The The idea that each weapons system must concentrate on the reasons why the US gov­ jumps in the Procurement and the Research, have a follow-on has become self-perpetuat­ ernment spends over $90 billion on defense, Development, Test and Evaluation (R&D) ing. Each corporation has a planning group and what this expenditure actually means. budgets of 6 percent and 12 percent respec­ whose sole function is to choose suitable Critics of the Pentagon, in this context, con­ tively are logical outcomes of hasty projects successors for weapons currently being pro­ stantly refer to the "military-industrial started within the last five years to com­ duced and which maintains close contact complex" with rather rare inspection of what pensate for the collapse of the Vietnam war with consorts in the military. The planning the complex actually implies. boom. The rise in the R&D budget is par­ procedure is supposed to be an exercise in FOOTNOTES ticularly significant, for it represents addi­ prediction. In actual fact, because of the 1 One assumes that the flourishes belong to tions to military know-how. All of it goes intimate relationship with the armed serv­ Schlesinger. The budget was drafted by Pro­ toward the enhancement rather than the ices it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. fessor William Kaufman of MIT. He was one maintenance of military capacity. Since the Even so the system has not worked smoothly, of the defense intellectuals brought into the early Sixties the R&D budget has been con­ and it has taken periodic industrial crises government by McNamara in 1960. stant or falling in real terms. to initiate the full range of new projects. 2 Anyone who takes too literally Schles­ Its rise this year, just as in the early Six­ The first wave of weapons production after inger's lamentation that the US has a ties-and indeed in the early Fifties-repre­ the Second World War began to subside in long tradition of arming with great haste sents a new phase in the arms race, a quan­ the late Fifties. In the resulting trough a when war comes upon us, and disarming tum leap in future arms spending conse­ plethora of new projects was introduced, with even greater haste when war is over" quent upon decisions taken to solve the in­ hence promoting the difficulties experienced can take comfort from the fact that even dustrial difficulties of 1968-1972. The R&D by Kennedy and McNamara when they made using DOD figures we find that the "peace appropriation reverberates throughout the some efforts to control defense spending in dividend"-the amount by which the defense entire budget of which it seems merely one the early Sixties. budget falls after a war-is smaller than the small part. An increase in R&D of 12 percent amount spent annually fighting the war in this year implies a much larger increase in To soothe those appalled by such expendi­ Vietnam. In 1968 the total defense budget, total spending in the future. Schlesinger ture the Pentagon applies a salve called the excluding Vietnam running costs, was $51.5 told the Senate Armed Services Committee High-Low Mix: the addition to many expen­ billion. The 1975 budget, in questionable that if there is a favorable SALT agreement sive projects of many relatively "cheap" proj­ DOD 1968 prices, is $53.3 billion. and if the force structure is kept constant ects. This satisfies defeated competitors for The claim that the 1975 budget is no the budget will increase by five or six billion the big contracts and gives congressmen a larger in real terms than the 1974 one is not dollars a year. But the expansion implied by saucy whiff of military parsimony. The Nar­ persuasive. This year the Pentagon presented the increase in the R&D budget suggests that whal submarine and the Strategic cruise mis­ not one budget, but two: fiscal year 1974 the growth will be at least twice that size. sile flt this category as does the A-10 close supplemental, in addition to fiscal year 1975. These increases flow from the decision to air support aircraft, which costs $270 million. Generally such supplementals are for unex­ preserve a capacity to make armaments; Of course the Procurement and the R&D pected cost increases and emergencies of one such a decision is also a decision to expand appropriations are not the only items in the sort or another. This year, in the supplemen­ that capacity indefinitely. A capacity to pro­ budget. They jointly account for 30 percent tal budget. $2.8 billion is required for "aug­ duce, and above all to develop a modern of it. But a weapons system means much mented force readiness." (Among such aug­ weapons system involves scientists, special­ more than just its acquisition cost. It takes mentations we find, for example, $25 million ized equipment, plant, machinery, and skilled fifty men, for instance, to make up a field needed to speed up the construction sched­ workers who have to be continuously em­ organization to repair and service a single ule for Trident submarines, slowed down by ployed. But continuous employment also military aircraft. The cost of a submarine Congress last year. This is a task for which means continuous expansion. Employment will be multiplied several times over in re­ contractors have yet to be selected.) In ad­ of scientists produces technological advances. pair and overhaul costs during its lifetime. dition the $2.2 billion in emergency aid for More importantly these advances are ac­ Every new generation of weapons costs more Israel is shoved back into the 1974 base line tually applied since corporations can only and more to maintain. This is the reason defense costs. The net result is that a $5 continue to sell their weapons if they pos­ why the Operation and Maintenance budget billion difference between FY 1975 and FY sess attractive improvements over old increased 10 percent this year. And then we 1974 disappears. weapons. They must offer something better must not forget the sailors and the pilots There are further hazards, beyond efforts than their competitors, something the mili­ and the planners. For the air force and navy to retrieve this migrant $5 billion. All the tary can justify to Congress. "force structures"-the term used to indi­ DOD figures of increase or decrease in real But such improvements cost more money. cate the composition, size, and hierarchy of outlay are of course based on its methods of Each new weapons system takes more people various sections of the armed forces-are computation. Naturally the higher DOD's es­ and materials to build than its predecessor. built around particular weapons systems. timate of inflation, the lower the "real costs" And although the number of weapons may (The army presents a different case since become. Hence all pay increases are counted be narrowed, this rarely compensates for the numbers of men or numbers of combat as inflation. But the shift to a volunteer increase in cost to the Pentagon. This year's troops determine the size of the Procurement army, with consequent higher pay rates, im­ budget, for example, includes $2.043 billion budget. But naturally the army has to keep plies a real increase in performance. "Grade for the acquisition of Trident submarines in step with navy and air force budgetary Creep"-the increase in the number of sen­ as part of the $13.5 billion program for ten victories. So this year it gets an extra third ior officers-and "top to tail"-the increase submarines. The total acquisition cost of of a division.) in the number of officers-are countered as forty-one Polaris submarines, Trident's pred­ Students of bureaucratic politics, it should inflation, and so are the increased salaries at­ ecessor in the period 1959-1967, was only be noted, a.re not happy with the argument tendant on the shift from military to civilian $13.9 billion. The budget also includes provi­ for the potency of industrial requirements. employment. sion for an alternative successor to Polaris, The B-1, they say, was ordered to maintain But it does not require enormous wit to the Narwhal submarine. strategic bombing missions for the air force: see that such pay increases represent in­ What has come into being is the system the air force's manifest destiny is to bomb. creases in the real resources available to the known as the follow-on. The system started But such an answer fails to take into ac­ Pentagon and therefore are not purely in­ in the late Forties when new procurement count the requirements of the defense in­ flationary. Finally, for its price deflator the decisions were taken to prevent the total dustry-the fact that arms companies must DOD uses an index of federal purchases which collapse of specialized defense companies go on producing bigger and better weapons rises faster than the consumer price index. such as Boeing, Raytheon, and Bath Iron if they a.re to survive. It falls to explain why Federal purchases include weapons systems Works of Maine. Boeing began to develop the useful life of a weapons system should whose costs escalate rapidly. There is a ten­ the B-47 bomber and Raytheon the Sparrow correspond so aptly to the manufacturing dency to count such costs as inflation rather and Hawk missiles which have kept it going cycle of weapons systems, or why armed serv­ than an increase in the real resources needed to this day. ($100 million is included in this ices should prefer fewer and larger weapons to produce an individual weapons system. In year's budget for Hawks.) The full impact when more weapons would maintain a larger sum, any DOD boasts about the slim dimen­ of these decisions was obscured by the force structure. sions of the budget should be treated with Korean War. After the peak of that war the Bureaucratic politics is merely the medium the gravest suspicion. defense budget has never fallen below $40 through which industrial competition reaches a Should he miss the plane, all is not lost: billion. (In 1950 it was $14 billion.) the highest levels of government. The intense June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18607 battle to maintain force structures ls in fact HON. JIM MARTIN'S OPINION was better than 3-to-1. As for defense an industrial battle, since the maintenance QUESTIONNAIRE programs, 41 percent of the people fa­ of a particular military function-such as vored spending reductions in this sector strategic bombing-supports a whole host of while 35 percent opposed defense budget weapons systems, which in turn keep the in· HON. JAMES G. MARTIN cuts. A clear majority-SS percent-said dustry alive. Grumman is a navy corporation; OF NORTH CAROLINA Boeing is an air force corporation. Competi­ they were flatly opposed to any tax in­ t ion between them, based on different "capa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crease to balance the budget. However, bilities," gets translated into interservice ri­ Monday, June 10, 1974 28 percent said they were undecided on yalry_ostensibly about differing weapons spec­ this issue. ifications. This in turn appears before the Mr. MARTIN of North Carolina. Mr. We had several very timely questions public as arguments about strategic doctrine. Speaker, I am happy to report that I have on fuel and energy subjects. Seventy-six Another way to see the irrelevancy of received a record 22,860 responses from ~ercent of the respondents said they be­ strategic doctrine is to note that sup­ my 1974 opinion questionnaire mailed to lleve fuel supplies can be increased to posedly gigantic changes is world poli­ Ninth District constituents in April. That meet our needs without further price in­ tics have little or no influence on the tops the previous record of 21,479 returns creases, and they said they favor legisla­ habits of the military bureaucracy. What as well as the 20,644 responses to my 1973 tion requiring oil companies to make dis­ greater change than from cold war to questionnaire. closures about their profits, reserves and detente-from "the era of confrontation The questionnaire covered 10 specific stockpiles. The only other me~sure to the era of negotiation?" And yet no topics of national concern, and one gen­ favored against the oil companies, how­ one's job is threatened-changes should eral question allowing respondents to ever, was an "excess profits" tax. Over­ not be allowed to go that far. To quote list the major national issues as they see a~l,. there seemed to be a general skep­ Ms. Kaldor and Mr. Cockburn again: them. t1c1Sm about the authenticity of the gaso­ The SALT agreements are being negoti­ Of nearly 23,000 responses to the ques­ line shortages. My own study, as I have ated to institutionalize the arms rru::e. So far tionnaire, 25 percent listed inflation and reported before, convinces me the short­ as mllitary expenditure is concerned SALT the cost of living as the No. 1 national is a prop rather than an axe. Indeed SALT issue. That was followed by the energy age is real and will affect us for decades op~ns up an immense vista of bargaining crisis and fuel shortages. to come. chips to be acquired. The public is supposed A sizable majority of respondents-bet­ to believe-in so far as it can bring itself Watergate and impeachment were ter than 2 to 1-were opposed to Federal to read about SALT at all-that the Admin­ listed as the No. 3 national issue by ques­ tax funds being used to help finance istration is making progress toward a safer tionnaire respondents, including both Presidential and congressional elections. world (or that, per contra, only the vigi­ supporters and critics of the President. By a margin of 5 to 1, those returning the lance of Scoop Jackson is saving the coun­ Busing was listed as the fourth ranked try from unprotected prostration). Such national issue, followed by honesty in questionnaires said they were opposed llluslons and disputes do not lnfl1ct any dam­ government-other than Watergate-­ to Government employee strikes. age on the $90 billion defense budget. "Ad­ crime and drug abuse, and concern with One question on busing was identical vances" or "setbru::ks" in political detente Federal spending and big government. in wording to the 1973 questionnaire. Of have no effect on the growth of the world those responding, 76 percent favor the military arsenals. These have a momentum The No. 1 discussion topic today is the question of impeaching President constitutional amendment to prohibit of their own and keep on growing. forced busing, essentially repeating the But the best way to understand the Nixon. I have taken the position that 78 percent support of 1973. real causes of military spending deci­ Members of Congress should wait until all the evidence is presented on the floor Another subject repeated from 1973 sions is to stand back for a second from was amnesty, but with a changed con­ current arguments over specific weapon of the House before making any judg­ ment about the President's guilt or inno­ text. A year ago, only one respondent in systems and observe the overall pattern five favored unconditional amnesty for of military spending in historical per­ cence. This position would seem to be reflected in the questionnaire returns draft dodgers. Now, two out of five will spective. If we take the trouble to do this, support amnesty, conditional upon some we note a remarkable coincidence be­ with 55 percent of the people saying th~ President should not be impeached based alternate public service. tween new weapons systems and the This questionnaire has been very times when large military industries are on the accusations against him and his responses to them; 32 percent said valuable, keeping me a:breast of the looking for something to do. This is the thinking of the people of the Ninth Dis­ real meaning of the "follow-on." To they favor impeachment and 12 per­ cent said they were undecided on the trict. It has been a valid way to gage quote again: the opinions of constituents, offering The idea that eru::h weapons system must issue. While my mail has predominately favored impeachment, responses to the everyone a chance to register his or her have a follow-on has become self-perpetuat­ attitudes without having to be repre­ ing. Each corporation has a planning group questionnaire are almost 2-to-1 against sented by a small random sample whose soul function is to choose suitable it. While I must personally weigh. the successors for weapons currently being pro­ The question regarding wage-price duced and which maintains close contact merits and demerits of each bill in de­ controls also generated a mixed reaction ciding how to vote on it, taking into ac­ with consorts in the military. The planning with 50 percent calling for an end t~ procedure ls supposed to be an exercise in count any amendments accompanying prediction. In actual fact, because of the in­ controls, and 33 percent in favor of re­ the measure to the floor, it is helpful to timate relationship with the armed services taining them. have the thinking of the people I repre­ it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Even so On questions covering reduction of the s~nt. So I thank all those who took the the system has not worked smoothly, and it Federal Budget to curb deficit spending, time to share their views with me on has taken periodic industrial crises to initi­ respondents said they want to see social these key issues. ate the full range of new projects. programs cut. The margin on this issue The questionnaire follows: CONGRESSMAN JIM MARTIN 'S OPINION QUESTIONNAIRE [In percent)

Yes No Undecided Yes No Undecided 1 lmpea~hment_: On the . basis of accusations against 6. Federal budget: The new Federal budget shows a deficit of P_re~1dent Nixon and his responses to them do you favor $9,000,000, 000. To cut this deficit spending do you his impeachment?______' 32 55 12 favor-Reducing defense programs?.. ' . 41 35 24 2. Wage-price controls: Do you believe that°wage:prfc·e-con:­ Reduci~g social p_rograms7 ______-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-: 60 21 19 trols should be continued? 33 50 18 ln~reasmg_taxes 1f budget cuts are insufficient? ______16 55 28 3. Fu.el suppr Do you believe that fuel supplies can be 1. Campa1g~ fundm~: Should Presidential and congressional )~~~::~:s?.t~ __m~e~ our needs without further price campaigns be.financed by Fed era I tax funds? ______26 59 15 78 11 12 8. Gov_ernment strikes: Do you favor legislation that would 4. Energy in~ormatio~n :- D-oyo1itavorlegislatioi1requiring-o~- give Government employees the right to strike? ______14 72 14 c~mpanies to disclose their profits reserves and stock­ 9. Am~~sty: Sho(!ld those men who left the country to avoid piles?.______' 76 11 12 m1ll~ary_serv1ce be granted amnesty if they perform public 5. Energy controls: In dealing with the energy crisis do you s~rv1ce Jobs for 2 years? ______38 64 8 favor- ' 10. Busmf Do h~u. favor a ~onstitutional amendment which Less Government controls? 37 29 More Government controls? ------32 33 J; %~Ya1 tfa~~ n~~} _~~e - ~~~~~: ~~ _s_c_h_o_o~~~~~~~~ -~o- ~~~~e_v_e_ ~ _ 76 14 10 16 45 39 i!!~~r:~i:~fo~i~=(~o~a;tns5f::::::::::::: :::: : : ::: 13 53 34 n excess profits tax7 ·------61 21 28 18608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10', 1974 PAUL DUKE JOINS PUBLIC television news conducted at the University years. Such great jazz names as Johnny TELEVISION of Missouri School of Journalism. Duke, 47, is a graduate of the University Hodges, Ben Webster, Joe Nanton, Harry of Richmond, where he received a B.A. in Carney, Rex Stewart, Lawrence Brown, English in 1948. He lives with his wife, the and Sonny Greer were associated with HON. JOHN BRADEMAS former Janet Johnston, and their 11-year­ Ellington through most of the 1920's, the OF INDIANA old son in Bethesda, Md. 30's, the 40's, the 50's, and the 60's. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Charles "Cootie" Williams, who rose to fame with Ellington in the 1930's had Monday, June 10, 1974 his own band for quite a spell, bitt 12 Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, Paul EULOGY OF DUKE ELLINGTON years ago returned to the Ellington cor­ Duke, former NBS News congressional ral, and was there at the finish. Harry correspondent, recently joined the Na­ Carney, the greatest baritone saxophone tional Public Affairs Center for Televi­ HON. JOE MOAKLEY player in jazz history, was the mainstay sion as its Washington correspondent. OF :MASSACHUSETTS of the Ellington reed section all the way, Paul Duke has long been a familiar IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from 1926 to 1974. The loyalty of leader­ and highly respected journalist on Cap­ ship to personnel and personnel to lead­ itol Hill, and I know that public tele­ Monday, June 10, 1974 ership was a matter of the greatest vision will benefit enormously from his Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would musical significance. wide experience and demonstrated call to the attention of the House the As he had capitalized on the radio for ability. death of the world-renowed musician, publicity purposes, in the early days of Mr. Speaker, I include at this point composer and arranger, Edward Kennedy its existence, Ellington also was to capi­ in the RECORD a statement issued by the "Duke" Ellington, whose talents rendered talize on the phonograph record, above National Public Affairs Center for Tele­ him a giant in the popular music world and beyond all other jazz musicians. vision on the occasion of Mr. Duke's ap­ over a period of almost half a century. Signed always to play for one of the sev­ pointment. There are many things to say in be­ eral major recording companies, he per­ The statement follows: half of Duke Ellington's kind of music. mitted and encouraged his talented side­ PAUL DUKE: NPACT CORRESPONDENT But one was simply its unique quality. men to record on their own, for what­ ever company was interested. As a re­ Paul Duke ls the new correspondent for He was truly one of a kind, with that public television in Washington. He assumed special sound which nobody else could sult, the hundreds of records released his new position earlier this year after 17 master. In passing on, he leaves a legacy under Ellington's name are matched in years of monitoring the federal government of beauty unmatched in the rich tradi­ brilliance and musical importance by and its activities. tions of American culture. those released under the names of A seasoned political reporter, Duke first Johnny Hodges, Cootie Williams, Rex came to the capital in 1957 as a reporter The history of American jazz music Stewart, and Barney Bigard, accom­ with the Associated Press. He joined the staff goes back a mite further than the life of panied by Ellington personnel. of the Wall Street Journal in 1959, covering Duke Ellington, but not by very much. Throughout the course of his career, Congress, and in 1966 became Congressional The first New Orleans jazz band to be so correspondent for NBC news. Duke Ellington performed in recording designated was that of the legendary studios more than 300 times and pro­ While with NBC, Mr. Duke appeared fre­ coronetist Buddy Bolden, who did not quently on "Today," "Meet the Press," "NBC duced nearly 1,500 record sides or tracks, Nightly News," and various NBC news spe­ attract attention outside his own neigh­ not counting alternate masters, unissued cials. He has taken an active part in election borhood until about 12 years preceding sides and the recordings of his side­ coverage every year since 1960, and was a Ellington's birth in Washington, D.C., in man-in which the Duke was frequently member of the NBC reporting team at the na­ 1899. engaged, on piano-and not counting tional political conventions in 1964, 1968, By the time Duke Ellington was 20 he hundreds of records and tapes made at and 1972. was a bandleader in Washington, looking concerts or dances. What is even more As correspondent for the National Public for a chance at the big time in New York. astonishing is that a large majority of Affairs Center for Television, Duke is mod­ In 1923 he arranged the first New York erator of NPACT's critically acclaimed these recordings comprised his own com­ weekly news analysis series Washington job for his band and was soon on his positions. In terms of mere numbers, El­ Week in Review and interviews leading way to prominence as a broadcasting and lington rates alongside two other pro­ government figures and other newsmakers recording artist, during extended engage­ lific musical creators, Johann Sebastian on the weekly Washington Straight Talk ments at Barron's, in Harlem, and the Bach and Heitor Villa-Lobos. series. Kentucky Club at Broadway and 49th. Mere quantity is hardly the distin­ He also reports regularly on major issues Late in 1927 he was signed for what be­ guishing factor, however. It is the qual­ for Washington Connection, a new series de­ came a successful 5-year run at Harlem's ity that matters-the quality of these signed to emphasize the impact of the fed­ famed Cotton Club. eral government on the everyday lives of thousands of Ellington recordings; the Americans. The growing popularity of radio in the countless musical innovations embodied His many contacts on Capitol Hill have thirties worked to Ellington's advantage in them; the music that remains, indeli­ enabled him to score a number of beats on during his association with the Cotton bly imbedded in our memories. important stories. He was the first reporter Club, and the influence of the phono­ Perhaps no recording artist associated to predict that L. Patrick Gray 3d, acting di­ graph rendered him a star in England with the jazz music tradition was re­ rector of the FBI, was in trouble in the Sen­ and Europe, as well as in America. His sponsible for so many unique musical ate and might not be confirmed as FBI chief. first European tour, in 1933, was a thun­ cameos and vignettes, defying imitation He was the first to report that George Mc­ his Govern was ready to drop Thomas Eagleton derous success, and upon return he and repetition. Each Ellington recording as his running mate in 1972, and first to re­ and his band were signed to perform in has a way of creating its own musical port that McGovern had decided on Sargent several moving pictures. universe, never to be duplicated. For the Shriver as the new Vice Presidential nominee. The coming of the swing music era of jazz musician, the release of the phono­ Paul Duke's understanding of the Ameri­ the midthirties permitted others such graph record is tantamount to publica­ can polltical system and his concise, reveal­ as Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Artie tion. And as the most published musi­ ing reporting have earned him the esteem Shaw, and Tommy Dorsey to challenge cian of his time, in this sense, Ellington of political figures, fellow journalists, and Ellington as the outstanding dance band fulfilled his heart's purpose to the hilt. the American public. He was honored last leader in the country. But when the year by Virginia's Governor Linwood Holton In the area of live performance, El­ at a state dinner for 34 distinguished Virgin­ swing craze faded in the early forties, to lington was to encounter the same prob­ ians who have achieved success in the arts, the disadvantage of the others, Elling­ lems as his fellow big-band leaders in theatre, music, and scholarship. In May of ton survived, even surging to new heights, the entertainment world-the demise of 1973, he was presented with an honorary once again attracting international at­ vaudeville and the theater stage-show, Doctor of Letters degree from the Univer­ tention. the rise of the vocal soloist as the main sity of Richmond. It was the nature of Duke Ellington staple of nightclub entertainment, the Mr. Duke was cited as among the most to elicit the loyalty of his musicians, and long success of small-band rock and roll, respected television journalists for fairness to maintain the same personnel, with and the virtual disappearance of the and objectivity in a 1970 poll on fairness 1n only slight variation, over many, many fox-trot from the dance hall scene. June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18609 In the 1950's, when popular interest in only about four-fifths of the population by the Nixon administration, will not ac­ big dance bands dropped so low that all under age 65 had either hospital or surg­ complish the goals I outlined above. but a handful gave up completely, or ical health insurance or both at the end Under CHIP, with the exception of medi­ took to working on a part-time basis, of 1972. The percentages were lower for care, eligibility would change with Ellington kept going, despite the finan­ nonhospital-associated health care-176 changes in employment status, income, cial gamble involved. percent were covered for X-ray and lab­ health risk, and State residence. There From 1956 to 1971 he and his band oratory examinations, 51 percent for of­ would be no uniform program providing toured the four corners of the world, fice and home visits, 58 percent for out­ the same benefits for all persons. As a re­ performing in the Middle East, the Far of-hospital prescription drugs, 21.5 per­ sult, it is likely that, because of the com­ East, and the Soviet Union under the cent for nursing home care, and 9.5 per­ plexity of the program, less-educated, auspices of the U.S. State Department, as cent for dental care. low-income persons would "fall through well as Africa, South America, and Eu­ In fact, about 20 percent of the civilian the cracks" and end up with no health rope. In many engagements on these population under age 65-representing insurance coverage. various foreign ventures the . orchestra some 38 million persons-were still CHIP incorporates three separate was booked in the great concert halls, wholly unprotected in 1972. Dispropor­ plans to provide for comprehensive cov­ exactly the same as if it were a 15-piece tionate numbers of these were children erage: a modified medicare plan, cover­ innovation of the symphony orchestra, and the poor. The lower a person's fam­ ing the aged; a mandated employee which in a sense it was. ily income, the less likely he is to have health insurance plan-EHIP-covering As a composer, Ellington was respon­ health insurance. the majority of the Nation's population, sible for more than 1,500 pieces of music, Finally, even those persons with insur­ and offered through the place of employ­ ranging from popular standards such as ance coverage incur significant out-of­ ment; and the assisted health insurance "Do Nothing Till You Hear From Me," pocket health expenses, Although such plan-AHIP-designed for lower-income "Sophisticated Lady," "Don't Get expenses vary substantially by age, when persons and those not covered under Around Much Any More," and "Satin all ages are summarized together, the EHIP. Doll," to moving-picture themes, ballet, average personal health care bill in fis­ Under the modified medicarc program, classical, and sacred music. cal 1973 was $375 per person. Individuals cost sharing or out-of-pocket expenses Name your musical category, Duke paid directly $132 or 35 percent of this would increase-particularly for hospital Ellington was its leader. In the words of amount. The remainder was paid by pri­ coverage. In addition, coverage under composer and conductor Leonard Bern­ vate health insurance, $96 or 26 percent; medicare for low-income persons would stein: philanthropy and industry, $5 or 1 per­ be income related. The Duke was not only a remarkable com­ cent; and the Government, $142 or 38 The requirements of the employer poser and performer, but was in himself a percent. health insurance program, which would significant chapter in the history of Amer­ In light of these facts, it is apparent mandate the purchase of health insur­ ican music. that any national health program en­ ance by employers, would result in a sig­ Because of its beginning in the world acted by the Congress and signed into nificant increase in costs for small, mar­ of saloons, and slums, jazz music took a law must satisfy certain goals. Accord­ ginal, and low-wage employers, despite a long time acquiring respectability and ingly, such a program should: Federal subsidy, which would decline in acceptance, as did also jazz musicians Insure the availability and accessibil­ amount over the first 5 years. The burden and composers. ity of high quality, comprehensive health upon employers would be such that they Final acceptance came late in life to care; would make it more difficult for low­ Duke Ellington, but not too late for him Protect the traditional rights of free income heads of families to obtain regu­ to enjoy it. He was awarded the Presi­ choice of patient and physician; lar full-time employment. Employers dential Medal of Freedom in 1969 and Provide for universal financial access would prefer employees who would elect the French Legion of Honor in 1973. to health care; to do without health insurance coverage; He is gone now, and will do no more Establish a uniform standard of bene­ ineligible part-time rather than full-time creating. The vibrant genius of his life is fits; workers; single persons rather than stilled at least. Unlike most of us, how­ Provide effective measures to control heads of families; and temporary rather ever, he has been able to leave a portion the quality and cost of health care; than full-time help. of his genius for posterity-the vastness Insure against an unnecessarily large Under the assisted health insurance of his recorded works and his published and cumbersome bureaucracy; and program, there would not be one uni­ songs which will charm and thrill the Make provision for the reform of the form, Federal program. Instead, a series music lovers of the world for centuries health care delivery system. of State programs would be established to come. The full cooperation of the adminis­ under Federal standards and guidelines. tration, the Congress, persons, and orga­ In addition, although AHIP would re­ nizations directly involved in the provi­ place medicaid, it would reduce benefits NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AND sion of health care, and other interested for some and would increase cost shar­ HEALTH CARE DELIVERY parties will be required to insure that ing, which would serve as a deterrent, for these ends are achieved. Moreover, in others. order to accomplish this, I believe that Finally, of critical concern, is the fact HON. WAYNE OWENS an effort must be made to preserve that that CHIP would rely heavily upon pri­ OF UTAH which is good in our present health care vate health insurance carriers-an in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES delivery system. But, at the same time, dustry whose track record certainly Monday, June 10, 1974 we must not be afraid to modify that leaves much to be desired. The private Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ system to insure the satisfaction of these insurance industry's administrative costs gress is presently conducting hearings on goals. and profits have increased by 120 percent national hea.Ith insurance. The debate THE PROPOSALS over the last 4 years, but the Nixon ad­ which is taking place is of crucial im­ Twelve major health insurance pro­ ministration's proposal makes no specific portance for all Americans. posals have been introduced thus far. provision for the regulation of the in­ In fiscal 1973, this Nation spent $94.1 All of them incorporate varying degrees dustry. Indeed, under CHIP, responsi­ billion for health and medical care-3 % of coverage; some set up new mechanisms bility for the administration and regula­ times the amount spent in 1960 and al­ or bureaucracies for administration, tion of the program-including private most 8 times the amount spent in 1950. others off er only an extension of ongoing health insurance carriers-would fall to T'he average health bill for each Amer­ health programs. Of the 12, the admin­ the States. ican increased 300 percent over the aver­ istration's bill, the Kennedy-Griffiths THE KENNEDY-GRIFFITHS BILL age health bill in 1960 and increased bill, the Kennedy-Mills compromise, and The Health Security Act. introduced more than 500 percent over the amount the Long-Ribicoff catastrophic measure by Senator KENNEDY and Congress­ in 1950. have received primary attention. woman GRIFFITHS, is the most compre­ Although there has been a significant THE ADMINISTRATION'S BILL-CHIP hensive of the various measures being growth in voluntary health insurance in The comprehensive health insurance considered. Virtually everyone would be the United States since World War TI, program, CHIP, developed and supported eligible for benefits, which cover the en- 18610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1914 tire range of health services offered to­ THE CATASTJtOPlilC HEALTH INSURANCE AND Clearly, further emphasis, and support, day. A major plus for the Kennedy-Grif­ MEDICAL ASSISTANCE REFORM- ACT must be provided, to encourage young fiths bill is that it would provide a man­ Better known as the Long-Ribicoff doctors to enter the practice of family power support program, as well as finan­ proposal, this would off er protection medicine. Likewise, further emphasis cial incentives for physicians and other against the biggest of all health care and support is required for the encour­ health care practitioners, for practicing costs, the catastrophe. It also would agement of participation of other pri­ in rural or ghetto areas. This is a provi­ make available a standardized private mary health care practitioners and allied sion which is sorely lacking in the other health insurance policy for the poor. Un­ health professionals in rural health care major proposals but which should be a fortunately, this measure offers little re­ delivery. In addition, there is an ongoing primary consideration. lief for the widest spectra of health care need for the training of physicians assist­ The very scope of the Kennedy-Grif­ recipients, and should be viewed, there­ ants, such as the MEDEX program and fiths legislation, however, prevents it fore, as only a first step to a comprehen­ the nurse-practioners' programs at the from being seriously considered at pres­ sive national health insurance program. University of Utah, where physican's as­ ent. The universal coverage of the bill sistants are trained in the delivery of pri­ provides that rich and poor alike are eli­ ADEQUATE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY RESOURCES mary medical care in rural areas. And we gible for the identical care, without basis The focus on national health insur­ must begin to set priorities for the fund­ of financial need. Yet no provision is in­ ance has diverted attention away from ing of health research and outreach pro­ cluded for coinsurance or deductibles. the further development of our health grams, to insure that adequate funds Such features are necessary cost control­ care delivery system. It must be made are made available for comprehensive lers and help guard against overutiliza­ clear to the American people, however, outreach work and research in rural tion; they should be part of any compre­ that ensuring that all persons will be areas. hensive national health program. able to afford health care through the Finally, new concepts and mecha­ One basic problem is its exorbitant enactment of national health insurance nisms must be developed to increase the cost. This would be approximately $67 does not necessarily mean that high efficiency and effectiveness of the de­ billion, controlled in a health security quality, comprehensive health care serv­ livery of health care services. In this trust fund and funded by a social secu­ ices will be available and accessible regard, the Congress rec2ntly passed the rity tax of 3.5 percent on the employer throughout the Nation. Health Maintenance Organization Act of and a 1-percent tax on the first $15,000 The Nixon administration recently 1973. I was extremely pleased, of course, income of the employee. With projec­ has announced a cutback in support for when the Congress, recognizing a grow­ tions of an increasing social security tax Federal manpower programs. This is be­ ing need for the development of prepaid burden, we ought to move cautiously in ing done, it is explained, because of the health care plans, took action to formal­ considering an additional tax of this rapid increase in the numbers of trained ize the Federal Government's support of nature. physicians. However, although this may this relatively new approach to health Lastly, coupled with this cost factor be true in some specialized fields, it is care delivery. is the administrative problem inherent most certainly not true generally, and Unfortunately, the act, as finally ap­ in this bill. The Health Security Act pro­ the Federal Government must continue proved by the Congress and signed into poses a multilevel bureaucracy, housed to support the existing health manpower law, includes several aspects which raise within HEW, to administer the program. programs, and increase them. significant problems for organizations in­ One needs only to look at the present This need is evidenced by the ever-in­ terested in forming or aiding in the for­ social security system, with its constant creasing reliance upon foreign physi­ mation of HMOs. Thus, although drafted administrative problems, to see what cians. In 1972, there were nearly 70,000 with the intent of insuring the avail­ roadblocks could be encountered. I do not foreign medical graduates practicing in ability of high quality, comprehensive think this is a realistic approach. the United States, comprisine- 20 percent health care services, there is substantial THE COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL HEALTH INSUR- of our active physician population. One doubt as to the impact it will have on ANCE ACT OF 1974 out of every five active physicians was the development and operation of HMOs. This national health insurance pro­ a graduate of a foreign medical school, Aside from the overall limitations on gram was recently introduced jointly by and for interns the proportion was con­ Federal funding, the minimum health Senator EDWARD KENNEDY and Congress­ siderably higher. services, and open enrollment require­ man WILBUR MILLS in the spirit of a Since 1950, the total number of pro­ ments alone will make it extremely diffi­ compromise. It is an attempt to incor­ fessionally active physicians has in­ cult, in many circumstances, for qualified porate what they consider the best as­ creased by more than 100,000, or ap­ HMOs to compete with private insurance pects of all of the proposals presently be­ proximately 54 percent. In terms of doc­ caITiers and Blue Cross-Blue Shield. fore the Congress, and is designed to tors per 100,000 persons, the rate has Nevertheless, the act was the result of avoid many of the problems which would risen from 140 in 1950 to 156 in 1972. an effort, which must continue, aimed at be created by the adoption of the Nixon But, the proportion of all active physi­ improving the delivery of health care administration proposal. cians providing patient care in offlce­ There are two major, controversial services. It is a step forward in commit­ portions of this legislation which will re­ based practice has been decreasing in re­ ting the Federal Government to a more quire careful consideration, however. cent years, from 109 per 100,000 popu­ orderly health care system designed to First, it places the primary responsibility lation in 1950 to 95 in 1972. serve all Americans. for the administration and regulation In addition, the number of physicians Over the next several years, it can be of national health insurance upon the per population unit providing patient eXPected that the Federal Government shoulders of the Federal Government. care varies enormously throughout the will take the next step forward through This could prove to be the least effective country. For every 100,000 persons in the enactment of some form of national and efficient of the proposals for admin­ South Dakota, for example, there are only health insurance. The impact which such istration, and should be thoroughly scru­ 71 physicians providing f amlly care. In a program will have on those individuals tinized. And second, the proposed financ­ other words, each physican there serves who do not have access to health care ing mechanism is a 3-percent tax on em­ nearly 1,200 people. In New York, the ployers' payrolls, 1 percent on employees services remains unclear. The challenge earnings, 2.5 percent or: income of the rate per 100,000 is 198 or only 500 persons which is now presented-both to the Fed­ self-employed, and a 2.5 percent tax on per physican. Even within States with eral Government as well as the private unearned income. The tax base for all high physician population ratios, many sector-is how best to deal with the rush individuals and employers, as proposed, areas suffer from a physician shortage. of events in the health care field so a.s would be $20,000. With the majority of Persons in low income and rural areas to insure the development of both mean­ the American population already heavily find the number of physicians much lower ingful information and institutional burdened by the ever-increasing social than the State average, and are most structures that will be useful in the evo­ security tax. we should move cautiously seriously affected by the maldistribu­ lutionary process of developing more or­ when considering this additional tax. t1on of health care practitioners. derly health care delivery systems. June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18611 NEW LIVER CANCER CASES WIDEN Public health officials are currently inten­ Dr. Irving J. Selikoff, director of the En­ FEARS ON VINYL CHLORIDE HAZ­ sively investigating these cases because of vironmental Science Laboratory a.t Mount ARD their potential implication of a much more Sinai Hospital here, commented tha.t "any widespread hazard than previously suspected. one case could be a coincidence and more WORKING FORCE information is needed to define the precise HON. DAVID R. OBEY Although precise numbers are not known, risk. However, the new cases point to the · informed sources estimated that hundreds urgent need for research to clarify the situa­ OF WISCONSIN of thousands o~ workers are engaged in the tlun." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES processing of polyvinyl chloride, generally Monday, June 10, 1974 known as PVC, into countless consumer and industrial products, including paints, furni­ Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, it is becoming ture, floor tiles, clothing, food packages, den­ PERSONAL EXPLANATION uncomfortably evident that the first tures, garden hoses, pharmaceutical products, frightening reports about cancer caused construction pipes and insulation. In addition, countless individuals with no HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI by exposure to vinyl chloride may have OF KENTUCKY underestimated the seriousness of the occupational exposure to vinyl chloride or its polymer live in the vicinity of the 14 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problem. plants that make vinyl chloride and the 35 What is especially terrifying is that plants that make PVC. Monday, June 10, 1974 we are becoming a ware of the effects this · The Environmental Protection Agency Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I was chemical has on human health only af­ estimates that 300 million pounds of vinyl chloride escape into the environment each hospitalized at Bethesda Naval Hospital ter it has been in production in this from June 2 through June 7 for knee country for nearly 30 years and only be­ year as a. result of this manufacture. Yester­ day, the agency asked the 27 manufacturers surgery. Because of my hospitalization I cause it causes, among other things, an involved to submit "process, emission and air was not able to vote on any of the roll­ extremely rare form of liver cancer. quality data" to help it develop air pollution calls which came before the House dur­ Had this chemical been responsible for control standards for vinyl chloride in ac­ ing that period. However, had I been a more common disease, such as lung cordance with the Clean Air Act of 1970. present, I would have cast my votes as cancer, its effects, in all probability, The agency has detected vinyl chloride up · follows: would not have been recognized for a to half a mile from a PVC plant, as well as On rollcall No. 261, House Concurrent number of years to come. along a highway in Pasadena, the heart of the largest vinyl chloride producing region Resolution 271, expressing the sense of How many of the 3,000 new chemicals in the United States. the Congress with respect to those miss­ which will be synthesized in the United Other potential sources of exposure to this ing in action in Southeast Asia, I would States this year will have a similar effect chemical have been the dozens of aerosol have voted "aye." on human health? consumer products, including ha.tr sprays On rollcall No. 262, H.R. 14833, to Will it be 20 or 30 years before we and households pesticides, in which for years extend the renegotiation Act of 1951 for learn which are deadly? vinyl chloride was used as a propellant. Near­ 18 months, I would have voted "aye." Will those chemicals that are toxic be ly all such products have been recalled in the last month. On rollcall No. 266, Senate Joint Res­ ones to which only a small portion of the olution 40, to authorize a White House population is exposed or will they be OTHER POTENTIAL SOURCES Conference on Library and Information chemicals that have found their way in­ The new cases of angiosarcoma of the liver Services in 1976, I would have voted to the bloodstreams of all Americans? turned up in a search of records of cancer registeries in New York State and Connecti­ "aye." These are questions which no one can cut. On rollcall No. 267, H.R. 13595, to au­ answer. The New York registry contains a total of thorize appropriations for the Coast The following article from the New six cases of this disease, all six having lived Guard for fiscal year 1975, I would have York Times indicates the growing fear in the Buffalo area, near where a large Good­ voted "aye." of researchers that the vinyl chloride year plant has been making PVC since 1946. On rollcall No. 268, S. 2844, to provide danger may extend beyond those work­ There is also a preliminary report of a. for the collection of special use fees at ers involved in the manufacture of plas­ seventh case in the Buffalo area. Three of the additional Federal recreational areas, I tic resin to the hundreds of thousands of New York cases are men who worked at the Goodyear plant in Niagara Falls, but the would have voted "aye." workers who turn the resin into consum­ other three are all women who had no known On rollcall No. 269, the conference re­ er products, and even to individuals who occupational exposure. port on H.R. 12565, the Department of live in the vicinity of vinyl chloride According to officers at the Center for Defense Supplemental Authorization for plants. Disease Control, one of the New York women, fiscal year 1974, I would have voted NEW LIVER CANCER CASES WIDEN FEARS ON who died in January at the age of 62, had "aye." VINYL CHLORIDE HAZARD lived four blocks southeast of the Goodyear On rollcall No. 270, the conference re­ (By Jane E. Brody) plant since the end of World War II. She also had her hair done each week for at least port on H.R. 14013, making supplemental Four new cases of angiosarcoma of the 20 years, although the beauty salon she appropriations for fiscal year 1974, I liver have just been uncovered. They raise patronized told officials they did not use would have voted "aye." for the first time the possibility in the minds vinyl chloride-containing hair sprays. On rollcall No. 271, House Resolution of public health officials that this fatal can­ cer hazard that has been linked to vinyl CASE IN CONNECTICUT 1152, the rule providing for the consid­ chloride may extend to hundreds of thou­ The Connecticut registry has accumulated eration of H.R. 14747, Sugar Act Amend­ sands of workers and to members of the gen­ a total of eight cases of angiosarcoma of the ments, I would have voted "aye." eral public. liver slnce 1935, Dr. Barbara Christine, direc­ On r.ollcall No. 272, an amendment to Heretofore, the cancer risk associated with tor of the registry, told The New York Times. H.R. 14747 deleting South Africa from vinyl chloride, a basic chemical in the plas­ One of those, a man who died last July at the sugar quota by 1976, I would have tics industry, has been confined to the ap­ the age of 60, had worked for 39 years at the voted "no." proximately 6,500 American workers who General Electric plant in Bridgeport. make vinyl chloride or convert the chemical According to a company spokesman, for On rollcall No. 273, an amendment to to its polymer, polyvinyl chloride. Since Jan­ the first 30 years of the man's employment, H.R. 14747, adding additional criteria for uary, when the hazard was first revealed, 19 he operated machines that processed plastic the Secretary of Agriculture's determina­ cases of this invariably fatal cancer, which is ("quite probably PVC"), rubber and other tion of the minimum wage rates for sugar extremely rare in the general population, materials into insulation. workers, I would have voted "aye." have been uncovered among vinyl chloride The company, which this week notified the On rollcall No. 274, an amendment to workers here and abroad. National Institute for Occupational Safety H.R. 14747, requiring sugar fieldworkers Among the newly revealed cases of angio­ and Health about the case, has begun med­ paid at piece rates to receive at least the sarcoma of the liver-three in New York ical tests, including liver function studies, State and one in Connecticut-are a. worker of all employes exposed to any known level hourly minimum wage determined by the who for 30 yea.rs made electrical wire insula­ of vinyl chloride, the spokesman said. Secretary of Labor, I would have voted tion from polyvinyl chloride resin and a The institute said it was consulting with "aye." woman who for nearly 80 years lived four the company about further studies, and the On rollcall No. 275, on final passage of blocks downwind from a polyvinyl chloride Center for Disease Control ts investigating H.R. 14747, the Sugar Act of 1948, as manufacturing plant. the other cases in the cancer registry. amended, I would have voted "no." 18612 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 On rollcall No. 276, a motion to instruct America's suburbs are inextricably in­ which is a most profound and far-reach­ House conferees on H.R. 69, the Elemen­ tertwined with America's inner cities, ing piece of legislation. tary and Secondary Education Act especially through interlocking housing, On one hand, it has been character­ Amendments of 1974, to insist on the transportation, and other social prob­ ized as a moderate and well-intentioned House position on busing of students as lems. These growing masses of people, effort to assist and encourage improve­ embodied in title II of H.R. 69, I would however, have no way of specifically ment of the decisionmaking process in have voted "aye." presenting their problems, as urban respect to land use, largely from an en­ On rollcall No. 278, an amendment to difficulties, to the Congress. They have vironmental standpoint. H.R. 15155 Public Works appropriations, no way of taking their problems, packag­ GROUNDS FOR CONCERN to delete $800,000 appropriated for the ing them as legislation, and taking them On the other, it has been damned as Dickey-Lincoln Dam project, I would to the floor of the House of Representa­ a sinister assault on States' rights and have voted "aye." tives. In effect, they are stilled voices, the principle of private ownership of On rollcall No. 279, on passage of H.R. even though they produce the lion's property. This can be attributed in some 15155, appropriations for public works sha::.-e of America's wealth and pay by measure to the language before us, and and the Atomic Energy Commission for far the largest share of ow· taxes. To a also to pred~cessor versions in both this fiscal year 1975, I would have voted Member from an entirely urban district, and the other body providing, among "aye." such as my own L"l Brooklyn and Queens, other things, sanctions in the form of On rollcall No. 280, an amendment to this is the ultimate frustrating experi­ withholding of highway and other funds the Sullivan substitute to H.R. 10701, ence. to bludgeon the States into compliance, Public Works appropriations-port fa­ What is compounding the difficulty is and requirements that States be pre­ cilities, restoring the section on liability the fact that these problems, because pared to ban outright any use of some funds for damage, I would have voted they have not been addressed over the land. Certainly some of the fears ex­ "aye." years by government on all levels, have pressed will become a reality if the cross­ On rollcall No. 281, the Sullivan sub­ grown from sores on the body politic to over sanctions are imposed by amend­ stitute as amended to H.R. 10701, I would cancers. Urban frustration and anger is ment on the floor this week or at some have voted "aye." steadily rising and is being focused on time in the futme. On rollcall No. 282, on final passage of Congress. This is as true of suburban Given the history to date of H.R. H.R. 10701, relating to public works on America as it is of urban America. Fur­ 10294, there are legitimate grounds for rivers and harbors, I would have voted ther, tens of millions of citizens are all manner of interpretations. My own "aye." well aware of the fact that the Congress view is that the merits of the legislation's has stifled their calls for initiatives, and objectives are beyond question; indeed, URBAN DWELLERS SIT BELOW THE has, such as in the case of special atten­ they coincide with a number of ob­ SALT tion to their interests, been more than a jectives I have pursued in a less compre­ bit lacking. hensive--and more practical-way for We desperately require a standing some time. The bill's means of achieving HON. FRANK J. BRASCO committee on urban affairs. In this way, those objectives, however, are very much OF NEW YORK the existing fragmentation of respon­ open to question. sibility could be eased. By addressing it­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DANGER TO LOCAL OPTION Monday, June 10, 1974 self to urban problems, congressional at­ tention could be focused on the realities What concerns me most is the failw·e Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, recently of these growing problems. It could aid of proponents and opponents alike to the House was preoccupied with a series the House in updating itself on these confront directly the obvious fact that of reforms, aimed at restructuring our questions and the needs of the over­ this bill requires, as a condition for committee system. The1·e has been much whelming majority of Americans. eligibility for assistance provided, that debate on the subject, both pro and con. Such a committee on urban affairs States establish a mechanism empow­ Numbers of my colleagues have applaud­ could have jurisdiction over w·ban de­ ered to override local government deci­ ed the recent moves of the Democratic velopment, housing, urban mass trans­ sions in conflict with State land-use caucus in referring the proposal to a com­ portation, relocation assistance, and re­ determinations. And not merely in the mittee for more study. Others have con­ gional planning. Presently, these areas of interests of the environment alone. In demned the move as antireform. I wish responsibility are divided up among decisions affecting economic needs, so­ to address myself to one aspect of the many different committees, none of cial needs, energy needs, as well as en­ proposal with which I take vigorous which do justice to them, in spite of vironmental imperatives, the States issue. sincere attempts to do so on the part must be prepared to override local de­ Every vested interest in the Nation of all those involved. cisions as either excessively permissive has a permanent representative in Wash­ Our distinguished colleague from New or excessively restrictive. Language in ington. Lobbyists swarm about Capitol York (Mr. BADILLO) has stated his in­ the bill, language in the report, and the Hill like flies about a discarded bone. tention of offering an amendment to any representations of groups supporting the You cannot turn anywhere up here on a reform bill which would create such a bill to the e:ff ect that adequate safe­ given measure without bumping into a standing committee on urban affairs. I guards are provided are totally unper­ smooth-talking representative of some support that endeavor, and shall do all I suasive. special interest or other, often with a can to see to it that the measure is Thus this measure is repugnant to the laudable goal. adopted, either as an amendment or as people of New Hampshire, to a solid Within the structure of Congress itself, a separate bill. majority of my constituents in the Sec­ there is an accurate reflection of this Certainly we are long past due for ond Congressional District and to my situation in the makeup of the commit­ some specific attention to city needs, and own principles. tee structure. Virtually every special seg­ the urban and suburban bloc of Members TEST CASE ON RECORD ment of the Nation has a committee of both parties should make the attempt I doubt that the people of New Hamp­ which specializes in their problems. Agri­ to bring such a committee into being. culture, for example, possesses a special shire want their land-use decisions made committee which deals with rural prob­ in Concord, N.H., or Washington, D.C. lems, even though rural people represent But in any event, the decision should be approximately 10 percent of the Nation's left to them. LAND-USE BILL: IMPLICATIONS FOR My position grows out of New Hamp­ population. And I find this to be a lauda­ LOCAL HOME RULE ble manner of structuring matters here. shire's strong home rule tradition, re­ Some interests command committees peatedly reaffirmed as recently as this which constitute a very modest segment HON. JAMES C. CLEVELAND year. of our electorate. But one massive inter­ OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Item: Olympic Refineries, Inc., an est, constituting 90 percent of the Na­ Onassis subsidiary, proposed to locate an tion's people, lacks any special committee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oil refinery on the New Hampshire coast in the House of Representatives; I refer Monday, June 10, 1974 at Durham, a college town where the of course to urban and suburban Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, this University of New Hampshire is located. dwellers. week we will take up the land use blll. Local opposition was overwhelming. Yet, June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18613 in view of New Hampshire's disturbing the entire bill rests on the assumption struction grant guidelines, which the dependency on oil, there was strong sup­ that localities are unwilling· or unable to agency admits to having made a hash of. port for creating refining capacity in the make balanced and informed land-use NEW HAMPSHIRE ACHIEVEMENTS State, and support specifically for the decisions. What is disturbing to me is that this Durham location, that being the one con­ WALL-TO-WALL DESIGNATION is all so contrary to the evolution of crete proposal at hand. And there were Consider the bill's practical applica­ guides to growth in New Hampshire. proposals to subject the matter, not to tion to a State like New Hampshire. +t Along with its home rule tradition, we the discretion of Durham, but the entire would require the State to exercise para­ have a genuine concern for the environ­ State by referendum. mount jurisdiction in decisionmaking ment. We have a most active and aggres­ In an action rightly regarded as re­ concerning raajor developments and sive program in water pollution control. affirmation of the home rule principle, areas of so-called "critical environmental There is a continuing effort by State gov­ the New Hampshire House rejected, on concern." Yet the definitions are so ernment and private organizations to March 7, by a vote of 233-109, a measure broad, so inclusive, as to embrace vir­ preserve and protect New Hampshire's to vest the decisionmaking authority in tually the entire State with its areas of forests. In recognition of development a State energy facilities committee. farms, timberland and rivers. Note: pressures, I have been working for years Local option clearly was the issue. The these are requirements for State asser­ to assure protection of the scenic and general court later went on to pass a tion of authority. historic values of the Sandwich Notch refinery siting bill specifically requiring But the bill also requires that the Sec­ area. And land use is very much on the that any location selected be approved retary of the Interior review designations public agenda. by regular or special town meeting in of critical areas to assure that they in­ Land-use legislation embodying a crit­ the jurisdiction involved. clude areas considered in his judgment ical areas approach has been considered CONSTITUENT POLL FINDINGS to be of more than statewide concern. by the general court, and a modest ini­ These experiences also suggest that With much of the State of New Hamp­ tiative passed the Senate last year. A had this bill before us been in effect, and shire adjacent to Federal lands like the scaled down version failed to pass the had New Hampshire established the White Mountain National Forest or an House this year. It would be a mistalrn, State-level mechanism to comply, it interstate boundary waterway-the Con­ however, to gage New Hampshire's de­ would at least theoretically have been necticut River running from the Cana­ sire to improve land-use decision solely possible for that agency to have ignored dian border to the Massachusetts lme by action at the State level-New Hamp­ Durham's rejection. This is a clear case, and separating Vermont and New shire being a home rule State. Individual if you will, of a trial run of this bill be­ Hampshire, a substantial area would be localities have instituted growth mora­ fore us, because on its environmental subject to this federally imposed require­ toria to afford themselves breathing room thrust, this bill cuts both ways. ment. to devise sensible and rational criteria Item: More recently, in my 12th an­ This brings me to the assertion of for accommodation of growth pressures. nual questionnaire to constituents I proponents that the American Law In­ Local planning is on the increase, as is posed the following question: "Land stitute, on whose work this bill is par­ establishment and mobilization of in­ Use: Do you favor Fee.era! legislation tially based, has estimated that only 10 creasing numbers of conservation com­ encouraging States to establish overall percent of land-use decisions would be missions which have both regulatory development policy involving environ­ subject to the bill's provision as being powers over dredge-and-fill matters and mental, economic and energy matters, of more than local concern. This is ut­ an advisory role in more general land­ and to override local government de­ terly misleading in New Hampshire's use questions. cisions which conflict with such policy?" case. The Secretary could mandate more In Plainfield, local government took A systematic sampling of more than than that even aside from the State's the initiative in securing a comprehen­ 9,000 replies by late last week showed own determination. sive soils and resource inventory and then established its moratorium on con­ sentiment opposed by nearly 2 to 1. And SAFEGUARDS INADEQUATE although the Durham case was not men­ struction of multifamily dwellings pend­ tioned in my questionnaire, it was cited Proponents of this bill may well cite ing preparation of a town land-use plan in the responses. the so-called home rule provisions cover­ approved at town meeting. ing consultation, participation, involve­ Citizens in Enfield took advantage of EARLY BACKER REVERSES STAND ment, comment, and review. They are their zoning authority to establish a 10- Item: An early supporter of the ap­ that and only that and do not alter the acre minimum-lot-size conservation dis­ proach embodied in H.R. 10294 was Dr. locus of final decisionmaking power. To trict comprising more than one-quarter Gordon J. F. MacDonald, who worked on be sure, section 106(c) (2) would permit of the community's area. Many land­ the administration's version as a mem­ an appeals procedure for the resolution owners in the affected area supported ber of the President's Council on Envi­ of conflicts between the State and locality the measure as an added protection from ronmental Quality from 1970 to 1972. A over development or application of the development which might otherwise de­ distinguished environmentalist of un­ State planning process-a euphemism tract from the value of their property. disputed credentials, he since has become for a State plan. And it provides that the I mentioned conservtion commissions Henry R. Luce, third century professor State must bear the burden of proof. But earlier. More than 180 New Hampshire of environmental studies and policy at as to what? That the local actions or towns have adopted provisions under Dartmouth. Not confining his activities decisions are inconsistent with what the State enabling legislation to establish to academic contemplation, however, he State has developed in the first place. volunteer agencies of local government has involved himself in land-use efforts All this, of course, being subject to the specializing in protection of the towns' at the State and local level in both New Secretary's review and determination natural resource base. Hamoshire and Vermont. that a State, in the words of the Com­ I do not suggest for an instant that He- has just written me that, based mittee report, "has established a com­ New Hampshire is coping successfully on his experience, he has become dis­ prehensive land-use planning process and with all land-use problems. There have illusioned with the federally-inspired is adequately and expeditiously admin­ been successes and failures. But that is regulatory approach, with its excessive istering it" to remain eligible for Federal not the real issue. From my perspective concentration of power in State govern­ support. in Washington, I would not presume to ment as the locus of decisionmaking. The bill, under these provisions, re­ suggest what arrangements may or Alternatively, citing the Durham case quires all the States to be poured into the should evolve in the State as the deci­ and other developments, he sees great same mold, jump through the same sionmaking process matures. But from potential in local units of government hoops, and dance to the same tune, the my perspective in Washington I am in a town meeting, local option State score for which is laid out in its pages adamant in my insistence that those de­ like New Hampshire. Thus, he not only which to me resemble less legislation cisions be ultimately left to the people opposed H.R. 10294 in its present form, than prescriptions in the Federal Reg­ of the State. The principle problem with but has sought to dissuade me from of­ ister. Moreover, I think I know what to this bill is that it seeks to impose one fering home rule amendments as totally expect when CEQ uncorks its guidelines. type of solution, one regime for the allo­ insufficient to resolve the problems in the Frankly, I am anticipating a repeat of cation of critical decisionmaking power, bill. This, I believe, reflects the fact that our experience with OSHA, or EPA's con- by the numbers. 18614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 Not the least of the reasons for being leged to attend the annual commence­ During this same period, the face of the mindful of local prerogatives is the fact ment exercises at the Naval Academy in world changed more rapidly and dramatically that such decisions relating to land use Annapolis. than ever before in the world's history. Fifty­ underlie the entire system whereby our President Nixon was well received as eight newly independent nations joined the communities levy taxes to raise funds for he gave an outstanding address dealing world community. The once monolithic Com­ public services and facilities. I munistic bloc was splintered. New centers with foreign policy problems. include of power emerged in Europe and in Asia. CONFLICT WITH OTHER PROGRAMS the President's speech as a portion of American zeal and innocence were tem­ I am convinced that I am not alone in my remarks: pered during these years, also. The war in my concern, particularly when one con­ ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE 124TH Korea, followed by the long war in Vietnam, siders practical effects. The work of the COMMENCEMENT CEREMONY, U.S. NAVAL sapped too much of our national self-confi­ Transportation and Economic Develop­ ACADEMY dence and sense of purpose. Our own do­ ment Subcommittees of the committee Admiral Mack, members of the graduating mestic needs commanded greater attention. is instructive in this respect. No public class of 1974, and all of our very distin­ And by the late 1960's, our policy of trying programs are more decisive in determin­ guished guests: to solve everyone's problems all over the As one who served in World War II with world was no longer realistic, nor was it nec­ ing land use than development and great pride in the United States Navy, it is essary. transportation programs. Yet, in these a special honor and privilege for me to par­ America was no longer a giant, towering subcommittees, I have detected a strong ticipate in this 124th commencement cere­ over the rest of the world with seemingly in­ reservation on the part of some local mony of the United States Naval Academy. exhaustible resources and a nuclear mo­ governments, multi-jurisdiction sub­ The class of 1974 will face challenges as nopoly. state agencies and Members of this body unique and demanding as any in the long As our overwhelming superiority in power to vest in State government an excessive and proud history of the Academy. receded, there was a growing threat that we degree of control over administration of In a letter to LaFayette in November of might turn inward, that we might retreat 1781, George Washington wrote, "Without a into isolation from our world responsibili­ transportation and economic develop­ decisive Naval force, we can do nothing de­ ties, ignoring the fact that we were, and ment decisions as affecting the localities. fimtive; and with it, everything honorable are still, the greatest force for peace any­ If this bill passes in its current form, I and glorious." where in the world today. can well imagine the reactions once As Washington well knew, it was the Navy This threat of a new wave of isolationism these widely misunderstood realities sink that meant the difference between victory blind to both the lessons of the past and in. Moreover, we would find a chaotic and defeat in America's struggle for inde­ the perils of the future, was, and remains pendence. It was the Navy that meant the today, one of the greatest potential dangers inconsistency in recognizing local option facing our country. in some specific programs while insisting difference in the birth of a Nation. Today, in a nuclear age, the Navy's role is Because in our era, American isolation on an altogether different state role just as important as it was two centuries ago. could easily lead to global desolution. Wheth­ across the board by this legislation. For now, when the American continent is er we like it or not, the alternative to Many States apparently are moving no longer an isolated fortress but instead detente is a runaway nuclear arms race, a toward this type of approach absent an integral part of a shrinking and a return to constant confrontation, and a Federal incentive. That is and should be troubled world, a strong American Navy is shattering setback to our hopes for building the prerogative of all States, including an indispensible factor in maintaining global a new structure of peace in the world. New Hampshire. peace and global stability. When we came into office in 1969, this Ad­ You are embarking on your careers at a ministration faced a more complex, a more The bill provides for funding and per­ time when America's Armed Forces are mak­ challenging and yet in some ways a more formance specifications. It would be far ing a vital contribution to achieving a goal promising world situation than that which preferable to allow States with wishing of fundamental importance to each of us existed in the post-World War II era. to do so to continue their delegation of here today, to all Americans, and to all na­ While we could not and will not abdicate land-use decisions to the localities and tious of the world: the goal of a lasting our responsibilities as the most powerful na­ strengthen local capabilities to make peace. This is the goal to which I have per­ tion in the free world, it was apparent that informed judgments. sonally pledged this Administration since the time had come to reassess those respon­ In an unprecedented appeal for legis­ the first day of my Presidency. It is a goal sibilities. This was the guiding purpose of to which American diplomacy is totally com­ the Nixon doctrine, a doctrine which says lative restraint and scrupulous regard for that those we help to enjoy the benefits of the consequences of our actions the mitted. And it is a goal that can only be reached when i,t is backed by American freedom should bear a fair share of the bur­ Washington Post commented recently strength and American resolve. den of its defense as well. on a piece of legislation whose objectives As you set out in your noble voyage as It was also clear that both pragmatism and the newspaper endorsed. But the Post new leaders in the defense of peace, I would moral force had to be the double prongs of questioned the means and the ultimate like to sketch for you the outline of America's any American foreign policy in the new era. product of its progress through the strategy for peace and the important role you A sense of moral purpose is part of our heri­ legislative mill. will now play in advancing that strategy. tage and it is part of the tradition of our Something which starts out as a good Let us look back a moment to the world in foreign policy. Pragmatism, realism and which you have grown to manhood. technical efficiency must not be the sole bill, said the editorial, "can emerge as When the war ended in Europe and Asia in touchstone of our foreign policy. Such a very bad law; good laws, once passed, can 1945, America was the only economic and policy would have no roots or inspiration, be amended; and even sound legislation military superpower in the world. Most of and could not long elicit positive support can create bad precedents." Europe and Japan were in ruin-economi­ from the American people and the Congress, The subject was not land use, but a cally exhausted, politically demoralized. and more important, it would not deserve question issue which strikes very close Leadership of the whole free world fell on the respect of the world. to home with our friends in the press: our shoulders, whether we wanted it or not. We had to remember, however, that un­ newsmen's shield laws. I think we would Hard as it was, our task at the outset was realistic idealism could be impractical and made easier by our overwhelming material potentially dangerous. It could tempt us to do well to take a cue for this caveat and strength and by a strong, unified sense of forego results that were good because we in­ be similarly solicitous of the impact of national purpose. sisted 11pon results that were perfect. this bill, which from the standpoint of Around the globe, we, as Americans, com­ A blend of the ideal and the pragmatic in local government in our constituencies mitted ourselves to halting the advance of our foreign policy has been especially criti­ indeed strikes very close to home. communism, to promoting economic develop­ cal in our approach to the Soviet Union. ment, and even to encouraging other coun­ The differences between our two systems tries to adopt our economic, political and of life and government are sharp and funda­ social ideals. mental. But even as we oppose totalitarian­ Simplistic and occasionally misguided as ism, we must also keep sight of the hard PRESIDENT SPEAKS AT NAVAL this goal may have been, it was a noble and cold facts of life in the nuclear age. ' ACADEMY unselfish goal in its enthusiasm. And despite Ever since the Soviet Union achieved some mistakes which we came to correct, we equality in strategic weapons systems, each in our hearts know-and millions in Europe conf~ontation has meant a brush with po­ HON. BOB WILSON and Japan and in the developing world tential nuclear devastation to all civilized nations. Reductions of tensions, therefore, OF CALIFORNIA know-that America's contribution to man­ kind in the quarter century after the war between us has become the foremost require­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was of historic and unprecedented dimen­ ment of American foreign policy. Monday, June 10, 1974 sions. The United States will not retreat from its And we can be proud that America was as principles. The leaders of the Soviet Union Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, last generous in helping our former enemies as will not sacrifice theirs. But as we have the Wednesday my wife and I were privi- we were in aiding our friends. valor to defend those principles which divide June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18615 us as nations, we must have the vision to tionship between Arabs and Israelis has led Would a slowdown or reversal of detente seek out those things which unite us as hu­ to war four times in the last 40 years, and help or hurt the position evolution of other man beings. the toll of death and human suffering was social systems? What price-in terms of Together, we share the capacity to destroy immense, while the tension made the Middle renewed conflict-are we willing to pay t o forever our common heritage of four thou• East a world tinderbox that could easily draw bring pressure to bear for humane causes? sand years of civilization. Together, we are the United States and the Soviet Union into Not by our choice, but by our capability, moving to ensure that this will not--because military confrontation. our primary concern in foreign policy must it must not--happen. The need for a stable solution among the be to help influence the international con­ Slowly and carefully over the past five regional parties as well as between the great duct of nations in the world arena. We would years, we have worked with the Soviet Union powers was overwhelmingly urgent. not welcome the intervention of other to resolve concrete problems that could The October War of last year, while tragic, countries in our domestic affairs, and we deteriorate into military confrontations. also presented a unique opportunity. Because cannot expect them to be cooperative when And upon these bridges, we are erecting a for the first time, it was clear to us and clear we seek to intervene directly in theirs. series of tangible economic and cultural ex­ to the moderate leaders of the Arab world, We cannot gear our foreign policy to changes that will bind us more closely to­ that a positive American role was indispens­ transformation of other societies. In the gether. ible to achieving a permanent settlement in nuclear age, our first responsibility must be The American people are a great people, the Middle East. And it was for this reason the prevention of a war that could destroy the Russian people are a great people. These that I sent Secretary of State Kissinger to all societies. two great people who work together in war the Middle East to offer our good offices in We must never lose sight of this funda­ are now learning to work together ::.n peace. the process of negotiation. mental truth of modern, international life. Ultimately, we hope, that the United States The results, which reflect more than any­ Peace between nations with totally different and the Soviet Union will share equally high thing else the vision and statesmanship of systems is also a high moral objective. stakes in preserving a. stable international the leaders of both sides, have been encour­ The concepts of national security, environment. aging. An agreement to separate military partnership and negotiation with adversaries The results of this policy have been heart­ forces has been implemented on the Egyp­ are the central pillars of the "struture of ening. The problem of Berlin, where our na­ tian-Israeli front and now a similar accord peace" that this Administration has outlined tions were at sword's point for a quarter of has been negotiated between Israel and Sy­ as its objective. a century, has now been resolved by negoti­ ria. For the first time in a generation, we are If a structure of peace is to endure, it must ation. Our two countries have concluded an witnessing the beginning of a dialogue be­ reflect the contributions and reconcile the historic agreement to limit strategic nuclear tween the Arab States and Israel. aspirations of nations. It must be cemented arms. Now, the road to a just and lasting and by the shared goal of coexistence and the We and our allies have engaged the Soviet permanent peace in the Mideast is still long shared practice of accommodation. It must Union in negotiations on major issues of and difficult and lies before us. But what liberate every nation to realize its destiny European security, including a reduction of seemed to be an insurmountable roadblock free from the threat of war, and it must military forces in Central Europe. We have on that road has now been removed and we promote social justice and human dignity. substantially reduced the risk of direct U.S.­ are determined to stay on course until we The structure of peace of which I speak Soviet confrontation in crisis areas. We have have reached our goal of a permanent peace will make possible an era of cooperation in reached a series of bilateral cooperative in that area. The role of Secretary Kissinger which all nations will apply their separate agreements in such areas as health, environ­ in this process has presented a testament to talents and resources to the solution of prob­ ment, space, science and technology, as well both his remarkable diplomatic capabilities lems that beset all mankind-the problems and to the soundness and integrity of our be­ of energy and famine, disease and suffering­ as trade. lief that a lasting structure of peace can­ problems as old as human history, itself. At the Moscow Summit in 1972, our Sec­ and must-be created. It was with this thought in mind that in retary of the Navy, the Commander-in-Chief In surveying the results of our foreign February we launched an effort to bring to­ of the Soviet Navy, signed an agreement on policy, it is ironic to observe that its achieve­ gether the principal consumer countries to the prevention of incidents on and over the ments now threaten to make us victims of begin working on the problem of equitably high seas--a code of conduct aimed at elim­ our success. In particular, a dangerous mis­ meeting the needs of people throughout the inating dangerous actions of the cold war understanding has arisen as to just what world who are faced with the prospect of in­ era. and a code of conduct which has already detente is and what it is not. creasingly scarce resources-in this case, proved a success. Until very recently, the pursuit of detente energy. Over the past five years, we have reached was not a problem for us in America. We were Out of recognition of the tragedy of hu­ more agreements with the Soviet Union than so engaged in trying to shift international in the entire postwar period preceding that, man hunger and of the urgent need to ap­ and this is a record in which all Americans tides away from confrontation toward ne­ ply man's technology cooperatively to its so­ can take pride. gotiation that people were generally agreed lution, the United States has also called for that the overriding consideration was the a United Nations World Food Conference to In keeping with our efforts to bring Amer• establishment of a pattern of peaceful in­ take place in Rome this fall. lea's foreign policy into line with modern ternational conduct. Burt now that so much My trip to the Middle East next week realities, we have also sought to normalize progress has been made, some take it for will provide an opportunity to explore with our relations with the People's Republic of granted. the leaders of the nations I shall visit ways China, where one-fourth of all of the people Eloquent appeals are now being made for in which we can continue our progress to­ in the world live, a country with which we ward permanent peace in that area. shared nothing but confrontation and dis­ the United States, through its foreign policy trust during a quarter century of cold war. to transform the internal as well as the in­ And then later this month, on June 27th Beginning with an official dialogue opened ternational behavior of other countries, and I will again journey to Moscow to meet with especially that of the Soviet Union. This is­ General Secretary Brezhnev to explore fur­ in 1971, we have negotiated constructive sue sharply poses the dilemma I outlined at ther avenues, further prospects for a lasting agreements in the areas of trade and scien­ the outset. It affects not only our relation peace, not only between the Soviet Union tific and cultural exchanges. We established with the Soviet Union, but also, our posture and the United States, but among all na­ liaison offices in our respective capitals last toward many nations whose internal systems tions. year. We expect further progress in the years we totally disagree with, as they do with Each of these missions, in a way, is a re­ ahead. ours. flection of America's broader hopes and re­ We have also succeeded, as Admiral Mack Our foreign policy, therefore, must re­ sponsibilities. And I say to you gentlemen, has indicated, in ending our military involve­ flect our ideals and it must reflect our pur­ these are hopes and responsibilities each of ment in Vietnam in a manner which gave poses. We can never, as Americans. you will be helping to meet as you journey to meaning to the heavy sacrifices we had made acquiesce in the suppression of human your first duty stations. and which greatly enhanced the preservation liberties. We must do all that we reasonably As long as you do your duty, as long as of freedom and stability in Southeast Asia.. can to promote justice and for this reason, the people and the Government support you, One result is that today, the 20 million we continue to adhere firmly to certain the America, the country you love and serve people of South Vietnam a.re free to govern humane principles, not only in appropriate wlll survive. themselves, and they a.re able to defend them­ international forums, but also in our private Today, each one of you become a custo­ selves. An even more important result ls that dian of a noble tradition of service. As the we have proved again that America's word exchanges with other governments-where this can be effective. But we must recognize first class to have begun its studies in the is America's bond. post-Vietnam era, it falls to you to serve We have preserved the trust of our allies that we are more faithful to our ideals by being concerned with results and we achieve in such a way that the graduates who follow around the world by demonstrating that we you in the years to come will enter a. United are a reliable partner in the defense of lib­ more results through diplomatic action States Navy that is strong, that is prepared, erty; we have earned the respect of our po­ than through hundreds of eloquent speeches. and is respected, and above all, a Navy and a tential adversaries by demonstrating that we But there are limits to what we can do, Nation at honorable peace with all nations are a reliable partner in the search for peace. and we must ask ourselves some very hard in the world. America's unique and essential contribu­ questions, questions which I know mem­ One hundred seventy years ago after Nel­ tion to peace is nowhere better demonstrated bers of this class have asked themselves son's great victory at Trafalgar, Pr'ime Minis­ than in the Middle East. The hate and dis­ many times. What is our capability to change ter William Pitt was honored at a dinner at trust that has for so long poisoned the rela- the domestic structure of other nations? London's historic Guild Hall. He was hailed 18616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1974 as the savior of Europe. He responded to that through contributory social security taxes for under the terms of all bills under considera­ toast with a brief speech that has been health insurance. tion several different nationally financed sys­ named by Lord cm·zon as one of the three NONTAX DOLLARS ARE ESSENTIAL TO A VIABLE tems will remain, for example, the V.A. hos­ masterpieces of English eloquence. HEALTH SYSTEM pital system, the U.S. Public Health Service Listen to his words: "I return you many Second, I strongly believe that it would Hospitals, the Indian Health Service, to name thanks for the honor you have done me. But be a mistake to enact a program which to­ but three. no single man will save Europe. England tally relies upon tax dollars. A method to in­ It can hardly be said that we are moving has saved herself by her exertions and will, I sure a continued flow of non-tax dollars into towards a. single nation-wide system when trust, save Europe by her example." the health system is essential because under­ we perpetuate different federal systems with Today, 170 years later, we can say, no single financing is an ever present threat. If the different financing, perhaps with different nation can save the world, but America can, government promises more than can be de­ benefits, perhaps with varied political im­ and will, save herself by her exertions and livered with the tax do~la.rs available, it is plications and perhaps with different sources will, we trust, by our example, save the cause unlikely to reverse itself and the result will of income. It is unlikely that we can toler­ of peace and freedom for the world. inevitably be a. reduction in the quantity and ate major variances from one system and the quality of ca.re. duplication and waste that would result. It Experience abroad has shown that govern­ is imperative that our goal be to move to one ment financed health programs faced with system with one class of care for all Ameri­ NEW YORK CITY UNITED HOSPITAL continued increases in costs invariably at­ cans. Therefore, I would urge the Congress FUND OR NATIONAL HEALTH IN­ tempt to bring back a substantial amount of really "bite this bullet" and undertake to SURANCE the non-tax dollars into the system. Total provide for a study with a. directive that the reliance on tax dollars a.lone just will ::J.ot advantages and the ways and means of in­ work. corporating all such federal systems into one nation-wide health care system providing HON.EDWARD I.KOCH BROAD BASIC BENEFIT COVERAGE IS A FIRST one class of care for all. However, enactment PRIORITY OF NEW YORK of National Health Insurance should not be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is said that four out of five persons have delayed pending this study. basic protection in the event of common ill­ I would like, now, to move, as I indicated Monday, June 10, 1974 nesses or injury. That figure is very mislead­ previously, to those matters which are of Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, Joseph V. ing. The more meaningful statistic is that primary concern to all hospitals and especi­ Terenzio is newly elected president of only 26 percent of the public's total personal ally to those hospitals in the metropolitan health costs a.re covered by insurance or pre­ centers. These concerns are: the United Hospital Fune: of New York. payment. I urge, therefore, as a matter of I. The delivery of care Mr. Terenzio was formerly commissioner highest priority, the enactment of a program II. Adequacy of Provider Reimbursement of hospitals in New York City responsi­ of broad basic benefits for all. Cata.strophic III. The administration of a national ble for administering the Nation's sec­ illness benefits should take a lesser priority. health insurance program ond largest hospital system. Because of They should be built on top of a broad basic benefit program. The hazards facing most of I. THE DELIVERY OF CARE his significant exposure to the problems Now is the time for the country to really confronting urban hospitals and exten­ us of a catastrophic illness not covered by broad basic benefits is comparatively small. look at its delivery system. It is my belie! sive hospital management experience, I The enactment of a program of ca.ta.strophic that the problems of bringing about changes thought his testimony last month before illness insurance protection would meet the in the system will be very great but regard­ the Committee on Ways and Means on extraordinary needs of a. few, but they would less of the difficulties, this is the time to face pending national health insurance legis­ fail completely to meet the needs of the them. I can think of no more unfortunate many. result than for the Congress to undertake to lation to be of particular interest and am provide substantial sources of new funds appending it for the interest of our col­ BENEFITS MUST ENCOMPASS PREVENTIVE SERV­ which will be simply channeled into the leagues. ICES AND HEALTH EDUCATION present system--or non-system as some STATEMENT OF JOSEPH V. TERENZIO In addition to broad basic benefits, any prefer to call it-which at its best is excel­ I am Joseph V. Terenzio, President of the benefit package must include provision for lent, but which in too many instances is United Hospital Fund, 3 East 54th Street, health education and preventive health serv­ marginal in what it provides, how it provides New York City. The Fund is a non-profit or­ ices. If we a.re to have a. health delivery it and to whom and at what cost. ganization which for nearly 100 years has service which we r.an afford, we must assist NHI should serve to revitalize the American been a source of financial assistance and individuals to do their utmost to take proper Health Care System leadership in promoting constructive change steps, themselves, for preservation of their The system developed should give assur­ and improvement in the financing and deliv­ health. We must provide counseling and ances that services of equal quality will be ery of hospital care to fifty-five voluntary other educational activities on nutrition and made available to those who live in the hospitals in New York City. lead poisoning, on drug abuse and venereal ghetto areas, to individuals who live in out­ Though I appear here today on behalf of disease. If we are to achieve effective use of lying areas and in small communities where the United Hospital Fund, as a former Com­ our health resources and an efficient health otbaining services at all is often very diffi­ missioner of Hospitals of the City of New care delivery system, as well as maintain a. cult, and to those who need it whenever they York, having responsibility for the operation he.1.lthy productive population, we must also live, regardless of their ability to pay. of the largest non-federal hospital system in provide financing for early screening and The system must assure that covered the United States, I am sure that what I have diagnosis, preventive dental care and periodic health services will be of consistently high eye and ear examinations. quality, be cost effective, be delivered in to say reflects the views and the interests of The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company those concerned with the delivery of health a humane, efficient and timely manner. estimates that approximately 600 million In New York City we have: care and more particularly the operation of man-days are lost annually by American hospitals in the metropolitan centers workers due to illness and injury. The com­ A proliferation of expensive and under­ throughout the country. utilized open heart units; pany estimates the value of these lost man­ Utilization review mechanisms which do I do not propose to undertake a detailed da.ys at $12 billion. Provision of health edu­ commentary on the various bills before the cation and coverage of preventive health serv­ not offer sufficiently positive incentive for Committee. I intend rather to direct my re­ ices will not, obviously, eliminate illness and controlling admissions and length of stays marks to three areas which I believe should injury, but they would likely result in less of patients; be given consideration in any legislation fi­ illness and fewer injuries and less expensive Virtually no centralized direction in terms nally passed by the Congress. Before I move treatment when treatment is needed. Addi­ of new program planning; to these areas however, I want to make a tionally, health education and preventive Comprehensive planning which has large­ few general comments on certain matters. services would encourage many to be more ly failed of its desired purpose to date; and The final detremination as to the sources sensitive to their health needs and take better A lack of positive incentives for shared of tax funds involved, whether from general care of themselves. services of all kinds, particularly shared pro­ revenues or special tax sources, is most im­ fessional services which have such great portant but it can only be decided by the ONE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: ONE CLASS OF CARE promise. Congress. I would like to make two points FOR ALL New York isn't unique. These are problems with respect to this. Several of the bills before the Committee encountered in every metropolitan area. of which I have looked at give great promise of the country. Any program of national health FINANCING OF CARE FOR THE POOR SHOULD BE a single nation-wide system of health care insurance enacted by the Congress can and DRAWN FROM GENERAL REVENUES guaranteeing one class of care to all Amer­ should make a beginning at correcting these First, as a matter of principle I would hope icans: for example the introductory state­ inadequacies and inefficiencies in order that that the financing of benefits for the poor ment accompanying one bill states "the con­ high quality cost effective care be achieved. and the near poor would be drawn from gen­ cept of one uniform system for all Americans Too, any legislation enacted must assure era.I revenues, but placed in a. special trust ha.s been incorporated. It (the Bill) proposes that every possible use will be made of out­ fund. It would be patently unfair to expect universal coverage. It provides one system for patient services and that we guard against the working population to finance such costs all." Such a. promise is really unfounded since perpetuating a program whereby our only June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18617

solution is to add more hospital beds or more procedures on an ambulatory basis and more III. ADMINISTRATION OF A NATIONAL HEALTH costly inpatient services of all kinds. We extensive use must be made of home health INSURANCE PROGRAM have had ample demonstration of the ad­ care services. One has only to have even a faint familiar­ vantages of minimizing, to the fullest ex­ Though the government has devoted much ity with the organization and delivery of tent possible, the use of inpatient facilities attentloh to controlling hospital costs, no health care or with the experience of the and maximizing, as far as we can, the use doubt equal concern in the future will have nation-wide Medicare program to have some of other forms of treatment. To sum up­ to be directed to the control of the costs of comprehension of what is involved in admin­ improvements in the delivery of care must professional services. istering a program uniformly and fairly lead to: All such requirements would have a great throughout this vast nation. Care of equal quality for all-regardless of effect on the total and overall cost of health NHI administration should be a responsibil­ place of residence or economic status; services to be provided. ity shared by the Federal Government and Care of consistently high quality, which is A properly designed and administered pro­ by appropriate profit and non-profit orga­ cost effective and delivered in a humane, spective reimbursement system would pro­ nizations efficient and timely manner; and vi de effective cost containment mechanism We have in existence already a large net­ Care which takes maximum advantage of There has been much question and criti- forms of treatment other than inpatient care. work of administrative talents and experi­ cism of the present prevailing method of ence in the prepayment organizations and Standards for Health Care Should Be Estab­ reimbursing hospitals the "reasonable cost" certain of the private insurance companies. lished and Enforced of such services. This ls the mechanism pre­ It should be possible to involve this network To achieve these goals, establishment of scribed by law to be used in the Medicare of experienced organizations and companies standards, and of compliance thereto, as a program. To arrive at what has been ac­ in the administration of a nationwide health condition precedent to receiving payment cepted by the government as "reasonable" program, if the necessary federal standards should be made a part of health insurance has involved complicated and protracted are established and adequate monitoring is legislation. discussions with everyone and has resulted provided. The cost of administration under Standards to be established in a national in very costly auditing procedures, and ex­ such a. program would surely be less than health insurance program might require for pensive administration. Additionally, this that likely to result from one nationwide fed­ example, that hospitals: basis of reimbursement has been attacked eral program of administration. Further­ Submit plans to local comprehensive health as being "too open ended" and not suffi­ more, from an administrator's viewpoint, I planning agencies for approval in order to ciently conducive to the economic adminis­ would surely have great concern and uncer­ be eligible for reimbursement for all serv­ tration of hospitals. tainty in having to deal exclusively with one ices they propose to initiate, and those which In view of these problems, it has been enormous federal government bureaucracy. they wish to continue beyond a certain date, strongly urged for the past several years In Illinois, an artificial kidney program and for all new physical facilities which they that government move from retrospectively which has been under complete U.S. Medi­ propose to build; determined reasonable cost, "to prospective care financial control for nine months is six Maintain careful control of bed occupancy; cost reimbursement" whereby a given in­ to nine months and $2 million behind in re­ Establish procedures for pre-admission stitution would be reimbursed either on a. imbursement of 45 kidney dialysis centers. testing to ensure the earliest possible dis­ cost projection or established budget basis Some are in danger of closing and the rest charge; deemed necessary to underwriting the cost have had to borrow. Develop and implement staffing mixes of its services for a given period of time. There are legitimate concerns expressed which assure economic utilization of man­ Prospective reimbursement has distinct that if voluntary pyepayment organizations power; advantages if administered properly. For ex­ and private insurance companies are used in Offer essential primary care services at ample, it can provide incentives for hospitals the administration of the basic health care times and places convenient and accessible to voluntarily live within predetermined rev­ program that the government would in es­ to the public; and enue projections. This may well force hos­ sence be establishing a mechanism which Establish alternative forms of care such as pitals in urban areas to work together to promises to provide very large profits to pri­ increased amounts of self care, care provided arrive at a more rational distribution of serv­ vate enterprise. I am not suggesting such a by physicians' assistants in appropriate cir­ ices and facilities through service mergers program at all, but I do believe that such or­ cumstances, and home care. or consolidations-particularly professional ganizations could operate as intermediaries Also, to assure the delivery of high quality services-and increased emphasis on shared under federal standards which would care­ care in sufficient quantity, it is my belief services. fully monitor and limit any profits to be that the PSRO legislation, already passed by On the other hand, if administered im­ realized. the Congress, should be put into effect as properly, if used to impose reimbursement Earlier I expressed my strong belief in the rapidly as possible. Though there is much levels which fail to take into account the necessity of a continuing flow of non-tax controversy with respect to PSRO, I believe provider's realistic financial needs in the dollars into the nation's health system. It is it provides an enormous opportunity and a face of an inflationary economy, prospective also my feeling that deductibles and co-in­ great responsibility to the physicians of the reimbursement may lead to medical medioc­ surance should be a necessary part of the country to regulate themselves. I would hope rity and force many voluntary non-profit health insurance program so that middle that the PSRO program would be organized hospitals into financial insolvency. and upper income beneficiaries would be re­ so that major attention is paid to the ne­ AB a minimum, therefore, any reimburse­ quired to support in pa.rt their costs for cessity of having well functioning PSRO pro­ ment procedure must provide for reimburse­ health care. It is possible that a good many grams within individual institutions so that ment of unexpected escalating costs-for individuals in higher income brackets faced the role of the community or area-wide PSRO example, increases which result from changes with the necessity of such "out of pocket" is largely related to collecting information, in federal or state laws and regulations, and payments may be unable to finance them to overseeing the efforts made within indi­ increased labor and other costs caused by and therefore it would seem that the devel­ vidual institutions and to assuring that the the pressure of an inflationary economy. opment of insurance programs to cover such desired goals are fulfilled. No doubt, as we II. ADEQUACY OF PROVIDER REIMBURSEMENT costs would be most desirable. Here, in my move along, such review procedures will have judgment, is another way to involve further to be related to the services offered by physi­ In determining the adequacy of provider the prepayment organizations and private cians in their offices as well. reimbursement, it would be misguided not insurance companies who would, in effect, be I have talked about the need to impose to assure that the providers of care are ade­ adding non-tax dollars into the system. quately reimbursed, and if such assurances standards and controls on the quality of the CONCLUSION the delivery of care. I want to talk, also, are not given, it will definitely prove to be a about controlling the costs of health care disservice to the public in the long run. I believe you will find the hospitals of the Adequate reimbursement is essential nation ready and willing to participate in delivery. the development of new systems and ap­ NHI should work to control hospital costs In New York City, demand for ambulatory There should be a. continuing effort to as­ and emergency services has increased 25 per­ proaches which will assure the public receiv­ sure that services are provided in the most cent since 1967. Yet because 50 percent of the ing the best possible care at the lowest pos­ economical manner. I strongly believe that patients seeking hospital outpatient care are sible cost. A system which envisions the if major savings are to be developed in the ineligible for medicaid and have no insurance sort of changes needed cannot be made ef­ cost of operating health facilities, they wm fective immediately or with the passage of coverage for outpatient care the absolute national health legislation. Therefore I surely come about by improving the manner loss to the City's voluntary hospitals alone in which facilities are utilized. To help elim­ this year will approach 60 million dollars­ would hope that the Congress would think through a carefully phased program whereby inate avoidable costs and reduce or contain an amount far beyond the reach of these unavoidable costs, any national health in­ hospitals even with private philanthropy or the health field will be enabled to move step by step to the attainment of goals which we surance legislation, as I suggested earlier, currently available state and local funds. As all desire. ought to provide coverage for those ambu­ a result I am sure that you are aware, in latory services which often obviate the need New York City several hospitals are currently With the experience hospitals have had under the Medicare program and the con­ for more elaborate and costly inpatient serv­ faced with receivership. ices later on. Much more attention must be stant frustrations they have faced in the im­ Hospitals must be reimbursed fairly and plementation of that program, it is under­ pa.id also, to providing increasingly complex adequately to assure their continued ability standable that they may be concerned about diagnostic procedures and minor surgical to serve the public. committing themselves formally to par- 18618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS· June 1 O, 1974 ticlpate as partners with the government in care centers.. multisenrice centers and· ness as a champion of peace throughout the any national health program that does not cooperative living arrangements in new· world. give reasonable assurance that they will be kinds of housing. The John F. Kennedy Peace Forest epito­ paid fully for the services they provide. Increased education for family plan­ mizes the hope and inspiration for peace of voluntary hospitals are an indispensable ning-so that women may be mothers by the people of the United States and Israel, component of our health care system and consists of several million trees that en­ choice not by chance and to reduce the circle an obelisk similar in design to the A substantial majority of the hospitals number of children born at high risk­ throughout this nation are voluntary hospi­ Washington Monument, flanked by 50 pylons birth defects. representing the 50 states of the Union. tals which since the founding of our coun­ The life-giving force is a miracle. try have provided quality care for all citizens Said Levi Esh.kol, prime minister of Israel: regardless of their social or economic status. "The People and the government o! Israel Mrs. Matzkin said: will be honored to render tribute to his mem­ They are, today, an invaluable health re­ But what happens to the human product ory through the establishment of the John F. source. The continued voluntary support of from birth onwards is--!or a. large part of Kennedy Peace Fcrest." those who believe in their importance to the the world's population-one extended In a letter to Max Bressler, president of the community have made this possible. A nightmare of rejection, staravtion, disease Jewish National Fund of America, Prime pluralistic health care system comprised of and violence. Minister Eshkol said: "The President John F. providers with different sources of support I believe that if' the women's movement Kennedy Peace Forest in Israel's Freedom and different ways of meeting common has any meaning, and as the position of Forest will serve as a notable tribute to the health objectives, in my judgment, is in­ women in the world is elevated, they will memory of a great American and a world dispensable to serving the health needs of have to become the effective force for a statesman. With this project you are forging Americans both efficiently and humanely in better society. As the giver of life, that is still another link in the chain of projects the future. The great voluntary hospitals are woman's continuing responsibility. symbolizing the friendship between the an indispensable component of such a sys­ peoples of the United States and Israel. tem. Their continued viability must, there­ She concluded: "As a valiant seeker for peace and the fore, be assured. Enactment of national Perhaps it is time for the women to take rights of men, your late president was an health insurance legislation will contribute over Mother's Day so that. next year in Con­ outstanding example of this enduring friend­ significantly to attainment of that goal. gress a legislative package implementing the ship. The people and the government will be I have appreciated the opportunity of 1914 pledge "to work for the well-being of the singularly honored to be associated with this meeting with this Committee today and to home" will be presented to America's mothers tribute to his everlasting memory." be able to speak to you with respect to the instead of the bromides and flowers which President Kennedy had stated, "The Jew­ concerns and interests particularly of the pass as tribute. ish National Fund represents one of Zion­ hospitals in the large metropolitan centers ism's most consyuctive achievements in of the country. Mrs. Matzkin said that Hadassah, human welfare and social development." Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ through the Hadassah-Hebrew Univer­ mittee I am deeply aware of the extent of NOTABLE CAREER sity Medical Center in Israel, the largest John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the the responsibility imposed upon this Com­ medical complex in the Middle East, has mittee and I hope that I have in my re­ U.S., was born May 29, 1917, in Brookline, marks contributed helpfully to your delib­ pioneered in public health, mother-and­ Mass. He was the second of nine children erations. child care, and social medicine through of Joseph P. Kennedy. a financier, who later its support of an extensive network of became ambassador to Great Britain, and medical facilities providing healing, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He ente.red the teaching and research. Harvard University, attended the London HADASSAH PRESIDENT DEPLORES School of Economics briefly in 1935, received MOTHER'S DAY FAILED PURPOSE a. B.S. cum laude from Harvard in 1940. He served in the U.S. Navy in 1941-1945, commanded a P. T. boat. in the Solomons and HON. BELLAS. ABZUG JOHN r. KENNEDY PEACE FOREST won the Navy Cross and the Marine Corps OF NEW YORK IN ISRAEL Medal and Purple Heart. He covered the Potsdam Conference and the start of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.N. at San Francisco for International News Monday, June 10, 1974 HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Service. He served as a representative in Congress from Mass. '47 to '53, defeated Henry Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, in the 60 OF MASSACHUSETTS Cabot Lodge for the Senate in 1952, and was years since Congress passed a resolution IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reelected in 1958. He nearly won the vice designating the second Sunday of May presidential nomination in 1956, and went on as Mother's Day, "to work for the well­ Monday, June 10, 1974 to receive the Democrat.le nomination for being of the home as the fountain-head Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, an President at Los Angeles, July 14, 1960. Ken­ of the State," this has become one of the article appeared in the Lynn Sunday nedy defeated Richard M. Nixon, Republican Post on May 26, 1974, by a constituent. by the slim margin of 118,550 popular votes Nation's most widely celebrated holidays. and an electoral vote of 303 to 219. He was It has also, according to the head of the Anthony Cama. It is concerned with the the first Roman Catholic to be elected largest women's voluntary organization celebration of Memorial Day and because president. in the U.S. "degenerated into a celebra­ of .ts worthwhile nature, I would like to On Nov. 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated tion of crass comercialism far from the insert it in the RECORD at this time. in Dallas, Texas. On Nov. 25th, a national original intent." The text follows: day of mourning. he was buried in Arlington Rose E. Matzkin, national president JOHN F. KENNEDY PEACE FOREST IN lsRAEL National Cemetery, Va.. He died at the age of 46, the youngest age of any other President. of the 325.000-member Hadassah sug­ (By Anthony Cama) The splendid story of the J. F. Kennedy gests that Mother's Day is a time to This 1s a rather unique story to come forth Peace Forest in Israel is being retold in the review the condition of mothers in in the pages o! the Sunday Post. It has to do pages of the Sunday Post in honor and trib­ respect to their needs, those of their chil­ with the creation of a. Freedom Forest in ute to the late President Kennedy, and in dren and their families. She pinpointed Israel to honor the memory of the late Presi­ remembrance of his birthday on May 29. It there particular areas: dent John F. Kennedy. American Jewry asso­ also shows the immense admiration and re­ Sound national health-studies show ciated itself with the government and the spect the people of Israel held for President people of Israel to pay tribute to the memory Kennedy. that the nutrition of the mother in­ of the late beloved President Kennedy, for­ This story 1s also of immense historical fluences the genetic development of the ever linking his name with the land of Israel. value for the people of this nation and :for children to the third generation. On the hallowed ground where Bar Kochba the veterans of all wars, since the late Presi­ Retardation in infants, caused by mal­ waged his last gallant battle for Judea's dent was a. heroic patriot, who loved and nutrition is irreversible. The United freedom 2000 years ago, the John F. Kennedy fought for his country and to maintain and States, the wealthiest nation in the Peace Forest has risen within the confines of preserve the American Way of Life. He was world, does not have the healthiest, best­ the America-Israel Freedom Forest, planted a martyr to the cause of Civil Rights and a by the Jewish National Fund and dedicated defender of the rights of millions of Ameri­ f ed children. to peace and the bonds of friendship that link can Negroes as well as the rights of the peo­ Development of alternatives to the the two nations. ple of Israel to have a national homeland of extended family-to provide the mother For the Jews of America, no tribute to our their own where they could live in peace and the support she and her children need martyred President could be more fit.ting and in the observance of the faith of their throughout the year. This includes day- enduring than this living symbol of his great- fathers. June 10, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18619

IN MEMORIAM article and the accompanying feature My experience in my native Oklahoma (By Anthony Cama) story about Cochise's great-grandson, convinced me that bringing industrial plants who is helping get Indians into private to the reservation areas is the best solution (A lyrical poem to the late martyred and to the problem of Indian unemployment. In beloved, first Catholic President of the industry. the early 1960s, I was made director of "coop­ United States of America) fFrom Nation's Business, June 1974] erative projects" for Phillips Petroleum Co., 0, Valiant dream, so beautiful, so great, PAYROLLS: AN ANSWER TO THE INDIAN my employer for many years. My task was to at rest in sweet repose, a sacred sleep. MILITANTS work with federal and state governments, O, martyred heart that kissed the hand of and with businessmen, to create jobs for dis­ fate (By Marvin L. Franklin) and gently smiled where mortals grieve and Out in the heart of the sprawling Navajo advantaged people, especially Indians. I began to encourage the organization of weep. Indian reservation in eastern Arizona is a To you, they passed the cup of love divine huge sawmill. From the reservation forests Indian companies and their employment of and so you gave of love so much, too much, of stately ponderosa pine, trucks haul enor­ Indian workers, all within the framework of and out of Ireland's green you drew The Sign mous logs to the mill, where roaring band the free enterprise system. In the years that that all the earth be fragrant at your touch. saws slice them into lumber-about 350,000 followed, I assisted at the beginning of about We kneel and mourn, this 29th of May­ board feet a day. 75 companies, some with as few as five em­ upon this land, so close the stoic flame The sawmill is wholly owned by the Nava­ ployees and some with 500 or more. By and of stars and petals of the Rosary we say jo Tribe, and is operated by Navajo Forest large, these companies have proved success­ in sad symphonic calling of your name. Products Industries, organized in 1958. ful, with profitable distribution and sale 0, President! 0, President, your nation cries About 400 members of the tribe are employed of their products. with splintered sunbeams and the rainbow's iv. the operation, with payroll of around $3 A similar success story is being written by rain million. The trees are "harvested" to ensure the Bureau of Indian Affairs. that spider_.webs the teardrops in our eyes an unfailing supply of logs for the future. As of this point, a total of 250 companies and scales the mountain tops and hills of "Forty years ago I was living in a hogan have taken advantage of the BIA industrial­ pain! trying to raise sheep, when the government ization program to establish plants in Indian O President! 0, President, at rest in hollowed came out and killed our sheep to make communities. In addition, during the last grave, prosperity," a grizzled Navajo logger relates, five years, more than a hundred major com­ among the thousands, veterans like you. recalling a New Deal effort to bolster Depres­ mercial projects, Indian owned and managed, You fought the tyrants and you helped the sion farm prices by reducing production. He have ben set up. Combined annual payrolls slave, adds, with a grin: "This is a better way!" have grown to about $35 million, with a po­ For God and man your faith was bright At Stilwell, Okla., Cherokee Nation Indus­ tential employment capacity of more than and true. tries makes electrical switches and relays for 15,000 jobs. To heaven we shall lift your deathless light, Western Electric Co. Western Electric loaned A good example of the program's success eternal flame of glory on this sod, the Indians a company manager, who se­ can be found among the Choctaw Indians of You gave this nation star lanes in the night lected the first employees and put them Mississippi. In the 1830s, President Andrew and now your spirit leads us ... straight through job training. The enterprise, entirely Jackson decided upon a harsh policy-tc. to God. owned by the Cherokees, started with eight compel the transfer of the major tribes liv­ workers and now has 192. ing east of the Mississippi River to an area Recently, Cherokee Nation Industries com­ set aside as the "Indian Territory." It was pleted a second plant, at Talequah, Okla. It west of the Louisiana Purchase, "where the FREE ENTERPRISE AND produces calculators for the Corvus Corp., white man will never want to live," said he of Dallas, Texas, and assembles components President. He ordered soldiers to round up INDIAN AMERICANS for IBM. Leo Walkingstick, general manager the Choctaws, along with the Creeks of Ala­ of Cherokee Nation Industries, notes happily bama and Florida, the Cherokees of North that its contracts with Corvus call for pro­ Carolina, the Seminoles of Georgia and the duction of 1,500 desk model and 4,000 hand Chicasaws of Tennessee, and the long "trail HON. JOHN B. CONLAN of tears" began for these so-called "civilized OF ARIZONA model calculators weekly. These are typical examples of how a pro­ tribes." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram of bringing industrial plants to Indian About half of the 2,500 Choctaws refused Monday, June 10, 1974 communities ls creating jobs and lifting to be rounded up. They simply fled to the standards of living for the "original Ameri­ woods and the marshes, and there they Mr. CONLAN. Mr. Speaker, many cans." stayed. Today, descendants of these hardy people unfortunately have the mistaken The Indian industrial program has en­ people live on farms and in villages near impression that Indian Americans living listed the hearty support of American busi­ Philadelphia, Miss. Many of their families on reservations are all poverty-stricken nessmen, who believe that employment under have been living in poverty for generations, wards of the Government with no means free enterprise ls better than paternalistic trying to scratch out a living as share­ handouts. croppers. of self-support. As the Congressman I also find that it is the best possible an­ Now that ls changing. In March, 1967, with more Indian constituents than any swer to the militant Indians who seized the through the joint effort of the local Indian other, I can say with pride that this is Bureau of Indian Affairs building in Wash­ Bureau agency and Emmett York, Choctaw simply not true. ington and did such senseless damage to fa­ tribal chief, the Garan Co., of New York, es­ Free enterprise is flourishing on Indian cilities, equipment and records in November, tablished a plant in Philadelphia to manu­ reservations. Thousands of American 1972; and who later seized the community of facture boys' wear. It agreed to employ In­ Indians are working on and off tribal Wounded Knee on the Sioux Reservation in dian workmen. lands for Indian-owned businesses and South Dakota with destruction of homes, "Given proper training, these Choctaws a church and other buildings. make as proficient operators as any in the for companies employing large numbers land," says Claud Kuykendall, plant super­ of Indians. TRAINING AND LOANS intendent. Peabody Coal, General Dynamics, The industrial program began in 1953, WORKING WOMEN Fairchild Industries, and other large when Glenn L. Emmons, a Gallup, N. Mex., Go out to the broad tableland near Ship­ companies employ reservation Indians in banker, became Indian commissioner. It was rock, N. Mex., on the Navajo reservation and obvious to Mr. Emmons and his associates you'll find a big plant of the Fairchild Cam­ Arizona and New Mexico. And tribally that the biggest difficulty in such a program era and Instrument Co., of Syosett, N.Y. Here owned companies have likewise provided was the Indians' lack of training for skilled about 800 Navajos, 80 per cent of them wom­ many Indian jobs and helped raise living trades. To remedy this situation. Congress en, assemble transistors and integrated cir­ standards for Indian Americans. in 1956 passed legislation authorizing the cuits essential to the functioning of radio Marvin L. Franklin, assistant to the Bureau of Indian Affairs to give Indians, and television sets, computers, and electronic Interior Secretary for Indian Affairs, chiefly between the ages of 18 and 25, voca­ devices in planes, missiles and spacecr~tt. himself an Indian, has written a heart­ tional and apprenticeship instruction, with The firm's building, equipped with every ening report on growing economic oppor­ special provision for on-the-job training. modern convenience, covers 33,600 square tunities for Indians in the current issue Loans to tribes, to be used to build in­ feet, and cost $1.2 million, paid for by the dustrial plants, also were authorized. In 1957, Navajo Tribe with a big low-interest loa.n of Nation's Business. Mr. Franklin is a a Branch of Industrial Development was es­ from the Economic Development Administra­ former Iowa tribal official and petroleum tablished in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, to tion. Fairchild has approximately $1.8 mil­ company executive, and knows well what help sell American businessmen the idea of lion invested in machinery and equipment. economic partnership between private hiring Indian workers. The program has had The workers peer through microscopes, industry and government has done to the enthusiastic support of every Adminis­ performing such exacting tasks as soldering better the lives of native Americans. tration, of Congress and of Indian Bureau of­ wires smaller than human hair. I share with my colleagues Franklin's ficials, since it began. "Not more than 5 per cent of our employees 18620 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 10, 1914 ever had a steady job before," says Paul w. dlan employment has been establishment of But above all, he is an Apache. Sam 42 Dt·iscoll. pl~t manager. "Yet our Indian peo­ industrial parks on or near reservations, to ple have unmatched skill and patience." is a great-grandson of the famous chieftain' attract new plants. An outstanding example Cochise, and intensely proud of it. And h~ On the Seminole Indian reservation near is the Pima-Chandler Industrial Park in the Hollywood, Fla., an electronic-connector believes that traits which spell success in Gila River Indian community near Coolidge, the white man's world belong to the Indian's plant, leased by the tribe to the Amphenol Ariz. It covers 543 acres developed with good industrial division of Bunker-Ramo Corp., of world, too. roads, water mains, power lines and sewerage. No easy task, this undertaking of Sam Kin­ Chicago, employs 18 members of the tribe. A Southern Pacific Railroad spur runs These Seminoles are descendants of Iudians solving in recruiting. He has so far talked through the park. with men of 47 tribes west of the Mississippi who, under the famed Chief Osceola, fled Since December, 1968, five plants have lo­ from U.S. Army t roops in the 1830s. They only about accepting employment in the Pasca­ cated in this area, in which as many as 70 per goula area, especially with Ingalls. recently made "peace" with the government cent of the Indian workers had been unem­ by cooperating in Bureau programs, includ­ The result? The U.S. Bureau of Indian Af· ployed. The plants' products include metal fairs reports a "rapid influx" of Indians to ing industrial development. One Seminole shipping containers, brass valves for marine declares: Pascagoula in the last two years, with more use, and spider-thin wire for the electronics than 600 now working in the area, most of "Some so-called 'friend of Indians' wanted industry. About 800 formerly unemployed us to keep making little Indian curios to them for Ingalls. Pima and Maricopa Indians work in these 1".rom the beginning of the recruiting effort, sell to tourists, so we wouldn't lose our native plants. culture. But now our workers earn many which was spurred by Ingalls' need for good times what they did in that sort of thing" Every industry's arrival at an Indian res­ workers as well as by a desire to make a Underwear, hosiery, pants and many more ervation signals the development of numer­ contribution to Indian welfare, Sam knew the items of clothing are manufactured by estab­ ous other new jobs. Families must have hous­ scrutiny he would get from all sides would lished companies branching into the In­ ing, furniture, food, utilities and many other put a microscope to shame. dian communities. Western Superior Mills, a items for daily living. Employment creates its After all, he has a white man's surname. division of the BVD Co., of New York, oper­ own chain reaction of prosperity. It comes from his mother's side of the family ates a plant near Winslow, Ariz., making, The industrial employment program has (she is white; her father was an Episcopal packaging and distributing men's and boys' spurred the biggest homebuilding boom in bishop in Arizona). Sam's father adopted it-­ underwear. The plant was built by the Hopi Indian history. While the plants are usually Apaches traditionally had no surnames-to Tribe at a cost of $1.5 million on· a 200- located near good highways, and some In­ avoid modern-day legal problems. acre site donated by citizens of Winslow. The dian workmen commute in car pools, many Apaches are an extremely proud tribe, and building covers 120,000 square feet, making it families-once on steady payrolls near a town unless one can prove he's at least half Apache the largest in northern Arizona. with modern facili ties--decide to move to they put him beyond the pale in contrast Indians of both the Hopi and Navajo Tribes, town. to, say, the Cherokees, who will accept as traditional rivals, work side by side at the Apartment houses and other housing proj­ Indian a person claiming only one sixteenth machines. The women earn from $2 to $3.30 ects dot the industrial parks and local resi• Indian blood. But sam is inside the pale. on an hour. The plant manager, Della Pecore, dential areas, as Indian families begin to en­ his father's side, he is all-Apache. wro refers to herself as a "refugee from the joy the conveniences of modern living. How does. Sam go about recruiting? Seventh Ave. New York garment district," TEAMWORK PROVIDES WORK "When I go in the reservations " he says says: "The Navajo and Hopi are not rivals in Locating plants for Indian employment is "the first thing I have to do is get the 'moc: this plant, because they're all making a good a team project for federal and state agencies, casin telegraph' working. It's one of the most living!" business firms and the Indians themselves. efficient communications systems in the Among many other long-established firms Tribal councils on every reservation have world. Word gets around that I'm there and migrating by branch plant to Indian country been consulted about their resources and po­ that I'll be in certain places. First one: and is The Harry Winston Minerals Co., of New tential labor supplies. Indian Bureau officials, then more, drop in on me and we talk. York. This firm located a plant near Chadler, cooperating with commissions for Indian em­ "They ask all kinds of questions. Whether Ariz., and employs a score of Gila River Indi­ ployment in every state with a large Indian we have an Indian center in Pascagoula.­ ans cutting and polishing diamonds. population, advise firms as to available sites and we do. Whether other Indians find it Many of the workers have had long ex­ for buildings, and supplies of water, gas, agreeable, not only the work, but living so perience fashioning native stone jewelry. power and fuel. They furnish information on. far away from home grounds. What kind of FURNITURE IN THE FOREFRONT motor, rail and air carriers to provide market­ schools for their kids, and how do other kids Furniture making is now in the forefront ing access. accept Indian children? That last one is of new jobs for Indian families. In early 1966 The usual procedure calls for the Indian easy, as Indian youngsters are not racially a survey diclosed that of 772 male Yakima tribe to erect the building for the plant ac­ conscious-they play easily with blacks, Tribe members. at Wapato, Wash., only about cording to specifications of the firm that whites, Mexicans, Chinese-and by doing so 100 had anything like regular jobs, and 62 of agrees to lease it. Funds for the plant's cost they often set the good example." these were common laborers. Aided by federal are generally loaned by BIA or the Economic The Indian center is a place where Indians loans, the Yakima tribal council built a Development Administration, and often there can gather, sing their old songs, have the $772,000 plant for White Swan Industries, are generous donations from nearby com­ trappings of their special cultures. "It's sort Los Angeles furniture manufacturers. Today munities, too. The company furnishes the ~f an oxygen source." as Sam appraises it, this company employs 200 Indians, and pays equipment and management, and lease pay­ where they can go to be replenished. It the tribe a monthly rental of $6,500. ments to the tribe usually are suffl.cient to re­ gives them a comforting whiff of the reserva­ Members of the Warm Springs Tribe in tire the government agency's loan. tion." Oregon entered the jet age in 1969 when the The firm agrees to give hiring preference Sam also tells potential recruits about Tektronic Co., of Beaverton, Oregon, set up a to tribe members. other benefits--relocatlon allowances which plant on their reservation. About 40 Indians "Thus, everybody involved benefits," Sec­ they get from BIA, and money BIA provides are employed, assembling oscilloscopes­ retary of the Interior Rogers C. B. Morton for them to buy tools they need. highly sophisticated instruments that plot points out. "Business firms tap a new labor "Mostly, though," be says, "I emphasize electrical graphs. pool, with workers capable of the most ex­ that we want people with honesty, resolve, Millions of dollars of annual income :flow acting operations. The Indians find steady pride, courage, responsibility to themselves into Indian communities through develop­ jobs and new prosperity. The public helps and their families. These are traditional ment of resources on the reservations, such a minority group to help itself, and is repaid Indian values, tightly bound in their culture. as the majestic stands of timber. and deposits by reduced welfare rolls and higher stand­ I tell them that exhibiting these character­ of coal, oil, gas, copper and uranium-buried ards of living for Indian families." istics is a way to prove that the white man treasures of the ages. Timber and wood prod­ didn't invent them." ucts lead this type of industrial develop­ COCHISE'S GREAT-GRANDSON: TRIUMPHS IN The biggest bloc of Indian workmen at ment. Two WORLDS Ingalls are welders-more than 30 as Sam Among many other new industries in In­ Some Indians toss off Sam Kinsolving as a. totals them up. The others range from ship­ dian areas are: bellacana, which is an Indian lingua franca fitters and carpenters to mechanics. junior A meat-pocking plant established at Yank­ equivalent of the black activists• "Uncle draftsmen, production managers and plan­ ton, S. Dak., by the Yankton Sioux Indus­ Tom." The word literally means apple, and ners, he says-"a rather good cross section of tries, which processes carcasses from nearby militants use it for fellow Indians who ac­ what we have to have here to build ships." cattle feeders; The Lummi Acquaculture Co., cept and thrive in the white man's world. Ingalls President Ned Marandino is a hard­ located on the Lummi Reservation near Its broad meaning is: "Red on the outside, driving executive who focuses on production Bellingham, Wash., which ra.lses fish to white on the inside." schedules and is far from the type who would market size; Great Western Industries at But Sam is something else. take kindly to employees who didn't pull Browning, Mont.• which makes pens, pencils True, he is a success in the white man's their weight. and felt markers. prtmarly for sale to gov­ world. He is a planner, and recruiter of In­ He is one of Sam Kinsolving's cllampions. ernment agencies, and which employs 83 dian employees, for the Ingalls Shipbuilding "I couldn't do it without that feeling at Indians out of 89 workers; and for the Chick­ division of Litton IndustrieS", in Pascagoula, the top," Sam says, ..because il the Indians asaw Tribe of Oklahoma, creation of a mod- Miss. Ingalls ts carrying out two sizable ever thought for one minute they were not ern recreation area which includes a motel U.S. Navy contracts there, for 30 destroyers respected employees, the whole program at Sulphur, Okla. of the Spruance class and for five general would fall flat and they would vanish back Essential to the success of the plan for In- purpose amphibious assault craft. into the reservations from which they came...