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Shipbuilding from Its Beginnings

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I 4197'! LIBRARY ENGINEER SCHOOL U.S. ARMY (333.809 +K83«3,S v.l, set 3 Books are loaned from the Engineer School Library for period of 30 days, renewable in the discretion of the Commandant of the Engineer School. Borrowers of books will be held responsible for their return in good condition. Books lost, mut- ilated, or otherwise damaged will be charged against person borrowing the same. By Order of Commanding Officer SHIPBUILDING FROM ITS BEGINNINGS SHIPBUILDING FROM ITS BEGINNINGS BY E. VAN KONIJNENBURG, c.e„ ENGINEER OF THE RIJKSWATERSTAAT OF THE NETHERLANDS - 1 895 I 905 PUBLISHED ' ~ BY , U. S. Ene THE PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION sch RECEIVED OF CONGRESSES OF NAVIGATION 2*1^ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE — OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL 3S, RUE DE LOUVAIN, 38 BRUSSELS VOL. I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PaB e P'ge PREFACE ii The Pinnace 46 The Katship 72 square-stern The ship . Division of Europe according to the 47 Ship of the Dutch East India Company 72 The Flute — the Ruff the . shape of vessels : Northern centre — — Smack 47 The Boeier 72 Baltic Sea — Southern centre — Transition of the ship of the XVIth cent- The Howker 72 Mediterranean Sea. ury to that of the XVIlth centurj- . 49 The Bush 72 SOUTHERN CENTRE. The war ship (first war navy) .... 49 The Hekboot 72 France 52 The Straetsvaerder Chapter I 13 73 England The Stokker The Egyptians 13 53 73 The Netherlands The Frigate The Phoenicians 17 54 73 Merchant marine of the Netherlands . The Galliot The Greeks and Romans 19 57 73 Use of the frigate 58 The Galeas The Mediterranean in the Middle Ages . 23 74 Fireships The Kofi Galleys 23 58 74 Chapter III 61 The Smak Types of ships in the XVIIIth century. 28 75 The Smalschip and the Wijdschip. NORTHERN CENTRE. Classification of vessels 65 75 I. — War ships 65 The Damlooper 75 Chapter II 33 The Tjalk , for over seas navi- 76 Vikings' vessel The Schuit and the Poon 34 Sation 66 76 II. - Merchant ! • . The Cog 36 for the coasting The Kaag 76 vessels ) Influence of the Crusades 38 The Steigerschuit ' trade .... 66 77 Use of the rudder 38 The Yacht III. — Ferries 67 77 The galley in the Netherlands .... Boeierschuit 39 IV. — Vessels for sundry uses .... 67 The 77 Use of Artillery 40 . V. — Boats intended for the upper rivers The Pleit 77 Baertzen 40 (Bovenlanders) 68 The Otter 77 Krayers and Hulken 41 VI. — Fishing vessels 70 The Mot 78 Use of carvel laid planking 41 The Spitsche Mot 78 Chapter IV 71 in . The ship the XVIth century 44 The Ever . 78 Description the types vessels . \ Use of the square-stern ship 44 of of 71 The Bremerkahn 78 Use of the ports 45 The Pinnace 71 The Potten and the Pujen 78 The Flyboat 45 The Flyboat 71 The Snijboon and the Somp or Pegge . 79 Page Rag* The Hoogeveensche Praam 79 The Dorstensche Aak ... 89 The Hoogaars 99 (pram) The Praam 79 The Stevenschip 90 The Steekschuit . 100 The Koftjalk 81 The Turfijker and the Hagenaar ... 90 The Hengst 100 The Kraak 82 The Keen 90 The Botter 100 '. The Skiff . 82 The Keenaak 90 The Blazer 100 The Ponton 82 The Lahnaak and the Slof 91 The Lemmeraak 100 The Halve Pont or Pijper 83 The Mouse 91 The Bolle and the Knots 100 The Gierpont 83 The Whalemajol, etc 91. The Jol 101 The Kubelveerpont 83 Use of fishing boats on the Zuiderzee 101 Chapter V '..... TheBok 84 93 The Waterschip 102 The Snik 84 fishing boats ..'.... ... 93 The Westlander Chapter VI 103 85 The Egmonder Pink 93 The Kaag 85 The Bush 93 Belgian craft 103 The Utrecht Pram 85 The Kwee and the Hoekerbuis . 96 The Tournaisien 103 The Schouw 86 The Hoeker (howker) 96 The Chaland 103 The Trekschuit 86 The Haringjager and the Buisconvoyer . 96 The Belandre 103 The Yacht 86 The Sloep (sloop) 96 The Pointu 104 The Baggeraak . 86 The Logger (lugger) 97 The Prij 104 The Bagger- or . Moddermolen 87 The Bom 07 Chapter VII 105 The Tjotter 88 The Garnalenschuit 97 The Laadbak and the Zolderschuit . 88 The Scholschuit Development of the types of vessels in or Bazaanschuit ... 97 The Onderlegger 88 The Zwartewaalsche the North-East of Europe in relation Gaffelaar .... 97 to the first The Schokker g8 inhabitants of the Nether- THE BOVENLANDERS 89 The Haringschuit lands 99 105 The Rhine 80 The Punter and the Gondel 99 Between the floating trunk of a tree and the most complete ship, there have come into existence all sorts of intermediate forms, of which most are still to be found even in our day. Noah, according, to the writers of antiquity, must have been the first shipwright. The old authors enter into circumstantial details on this subject and give various drawings of Noah's " ark ». Several of these drawings are reproduced in the atlas of this work. The only value of these reproductions of the ark lies in the fact that they probabby represent a ship of the time of their author. It must also be noted that the first shipbuilder is as entirely unknown as the first inventor of the boat. That which is beyond is that the mutual influences of various nations any doubt ; have been important factors in the evolution of the ship. This latter, on its side, served to bring into contact nations widely separated OLLAND'S struggle for life has been by water and to open up countries as yet unexplored. a constant battle against the inva- Hence shipbuilding must first have shone forth, under these sion of water. If this has been, conditions, among the most civilized races. on. the one hand, an enemy to be Mexico and Peru excepted, it may be said that civilization feared, it has been, on the other, was developed first among the Chinese in the valley of the the natural line of communication Hoang-Ho, then among the Babylonians in the valley of the Tigris above all others which has made and Euphrates, and among the Egyptians in the valley of the our ancestors, since time imme- Nile. morial, a nation of seamen. The The question of knowing whether the Babylonians learned boat was a necessity as indispensa- shipbuilding from the Chinese, or the reverse, is one of minor ble as the house. importance. It is certain however that reciprocal influences were It is impossible to say who at work among the races of Asia Minor and there is no doubt invented the boat; every one has contributed his mite to its that the Babylonians influenced the Phoenicians, the pioneer building and this has given rise to its gradual development.
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