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The Royal Aeronautical Society INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY PAPERS SEPTEMBER 1969 J. Scanlon and LOOKING AHEAD IN AERONAUTICS—22: DEVELOPMENTS IN POLYMERIC M. E. B. Jones MATERIALS EFFECTIVENESS IN R & D CORRESPONDENCE A. M. A. Majendie AIR TRANSPORT—THE MANNING OF AN EXPANDING INDUSTRY Sir Francis Vallat THE OUTER SPACE TREATIES J. Speechley A REVIEW OF ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENTS IN HELICOPTER DESIGN J. W. Fozard THE HARRIER—AN ENGINEERING COMMENTARY TECHNICAL NOTES F. J. Bayley and Aerodynamic Performance of Porous Gas Turbine Blades G. R. Wood B. K. Rogers and Measurement of Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers M. R. Head A. A. West The Air Cushion Performance of a Tracked Hovercraft Entering a Tunnel THE LIBRARY Reviews Additions to the Library Reports Air Vice-Marshal OPERATING AIRCRAFT ENGINES IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE W. D. Disbrey P. F. Yaggy FUTURE ROTORCRAFT RESEARCH IN THE USA THE ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY 4 HAMILTON PLACE LONDON W1 Sometimes our achievement is the maintenance of a gap of one-millionth of an inch... In miniature high-precision gyros produced by BAC, separations between faces are often as little as a millionth of an inch ...sometimes the halvingofthe distances of the world Concorde, designed and built by BAC and Sud-Aviation. will bring New York within 3<t hours of London, Tokyo within 6<s hours of Los Angeles In British Aircraft Corporation, a talent for microscopic perfection of detail is combined with the broad sweep of thinking which advances the state of world technology. It is this depth of ability and resource which has brought BAC technical and commercial success across the whole range of aerospace activity. This extends from supersonic and subsonic airliners to intricate instru­ ments and from high-performance military aircraft to advanced missile systems and space satellites. Alone among Europe's aerospace companies, BAC is ac­ cepted beyond Europe's frontiers as one of the decisive influences on the patterns of development and the pace of progress. A BRITISH AIRCRAFT CORPORATION A A the most powerful aerospace company in Europe T??ri?5r 100 PALL MALL LONDON SW1 BAC 301 m Lh QJ MBffl THE ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY Incorporating The Institution of Aeronautical Engineers and The Helicopter Association of Great Britain Telephone: 01-499 3515 Telegrams: Didaskalos, London, W1 Published Monthly at 4 HAMILTON PLACE, LONDON W1V OBQ Subscriptions: £15 15s. Od. per annum, post free Single Copies: 27s. 6d. VOLUME 73 NUMBER 705 SEPTEMBER 1969 CONTENTS Page J. Scanlon and LOOKING AHEAD IN AERONAUTICS—22: DEVELOPMENTS IN POLYMERIC 725 M. E. B. Jones MATERIALS EFFECTIVENESS IN R & D 734 CORRESPONDENCE 740 A. M. A. Majendie AIR TRANSPORT—THE MANNING OF AN EXPANDING INDUSTRY 741 Sir Francis Vallat THE OUTER SPACE TREATIES 751 J. Speechley A REVIEW OF ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENTS IN HELICOPTER DESIGN 759 J. W. Fozard THE HARRIER—AN ENGINEERING COMMENTARY 769 TECHNICAL NOTES F. J. Bayley and Aerodynamic Performance of Porous Gas Turbine Blades 789 G. R. Wood B. K. Rogers and Measurement of Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers 796 M. R. Head A. A. West The Air Cushion Performance of a Tracked Hovercraft Entering a Tunnel 798 THE LIBRARY Reviews Additions to the Library Reports 801 Air Vice-Marshal OPERATING AIRCRAFT ENGINES IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE 807 W. D. Disbrey P. F. Yaggy FUTURE ROTORCRAFT RESEARCH IN THE USA 815 Editor: JOAN BRUCE, BSc, CEng, AFRAeS. Advertisements Only: Secretary of the Society: A. M. BALLANTYNE, OBE, TD, BSc, H. E. SOUTHON PhD, CEng, HonFCASI, FAIAA, FRAeS. Magazine Advertising Ltd, 184 Fleet Street, London, EC4. 4 HAMILTON PLACE, LONDON, W1V OBQ. Tel: 01-499 3515. Tel: 01-242 0434/5. Reproduction of any of the papers published in this journal is None of the papers or paragraphs must be taken as not permitted without the written consent of the Editor. expressing the opinion of the Council unless otherwise stated. PRINTED BY THE LEWES PRESS WIGHTMAN & CO. LTD., LEWES, SUSSEX, ENGLAND, AND PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY, 4 HAMILTON PLACE. LONDON, W1V OBQ, ENGLAND. DIVISIONS AND BRANCHES OF THE ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY Australia Branches at: Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. President: P. S. LANGFORD, FRAeS. Acting Secretary: B. LOVETT, ARAeS, Science House, Gloucester and Essex Streets, Sydney 2000. Rhodesia Branches at: Bulawayo, Gwelo and Salisbury. Hon. President: Sir HUMPHREY GIBBS, KCMG, OBE. President: G. A. FORD, AFRAeS. Hon. Secretary: S. H. GUY, AFRAeS, 76 Bideford Road, Chadcombe, P.O. Hatfield, Salisbury, Rhodesia. New Zealand Branches at: Auckland, Wellington, Palmerston North and Christchurch. President: T. T. N. COLERIDGE, FRAeS. Hon. Secretary: A. A. HOFFMAN, ARAeS, New Zealand National Airways Corpn, P.O. Box 96, Wellington. Southern Africa Branches at: Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Western and Durban. President: M. S. HUNT, AFRAeS. Hon. Secretary: Cmdt. F. W. CARNELL, AFRAeS, 11 Staal Road, Valhalla, Pretoria Dist. Bedford Derby Manchester President: F. O'HARA, FRAeS. President: Sir DENNING PEARSON, President: C. E. FIELDING. OBE. FRAeS. Chairman: D. CLAYSON, AFRAeS. HonFRAeS. Chairman: G. A. WHITEHEAD, CBE, FRAeS. Hon. Secretary: J. B. BERRY, AFRAeS, Chairman: S. L. BRAGG, FRAeS. Hon. Secretary: J. A. E. WATERFALL, Aircraft Research Association, Manton Hon. Secretary: J. R. COWNIE, AFRAeS, 56 Manor Avenue, Ashton-on-Mersey, Lane, Bedford. Tel: Bedford 67701. Rolls-Royce Ltd, Derby, DE2 8BJ. Tel: Cheshire. Tel: Failsworth 2020. Derby 42424. Belfast President: P. F. FOREMAN, FRAeS. Merthyr and Treforest Chairman: J. H. McCLEAN. AFRAeS. Dublin President: G. W. MOORE. Hon. Secretary: T. E. MORRISON, AFRAeS, President: Capt. J. C. KELLY-ROGERS, OBE, Chairman: E. R. CHAYTOR, AFRAeS. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering College FRAeS. Hon. Secretary: Dr. G. O. FORESTER, of Technology, College Square East, Chairman: A. J. WALLS, FRAeS. AFRAeS, Chief of Research, Teddington Belfast BT1 6DJ. Tel: Belfast 27244. Hon. Secretary: Dr. K. J. HOLDEN, AFRAeS, Aircraft Controls Ltd, Cefn Coed, Merthyr Aer Lingus, PO Box 180, Dublin Airport. Tydfil, South Wales. Tel: Merthyr Tydfil Tel: Dublin 370011. 3261. Birmingham and Wolverhampton President: L. W. J. NEWMAN, FRAeS. Chairman: R. F. HOLDNALL, ARAeS. Glasgow Preston Hon. Secretary: I. B. CRIPPS, AFRAeS, President: Dr. A. W. BABISTER, AFRAeS. H. M. Hobson Ltd, Fordhouses, Wolver­ President: F. D. CROWE, FRAeS. Chairman: G. M. ADDISON, AFRAeS. Chairman: F. E. ROE, FRAeS. hampton, Staffs. Tel: Fordhouses 2381. Hon. Secretary: T. K. BLACK, 43 Partickhill Road, Glasgow, W.1. Hon Secretary: L. A. WILLOTT, AFRAeS, BAC Ltd, Preston Division, Warton Boscombe Down Aerodrome, Preston, Lancashire. Tel: President: Air Cdre. C. D. A. BROWNE, DFC. Freckleton 531. Chairman: G. MACLAREN HUMPHREYS, Gloucester and Cheltenham MBE, FRAeS. Hon. Secretary: Fit. Lt. A. A. CLARK, President: Sir GEORGE DOWTY, HonFRAeS. E. Squadron, A & AEE, Boscombe Down, Chairman: D. L. BROWN. FRAeS. Prestwick Amesbury, Salisbury, Wilts. Tel: Ames- Hon. Secretary: R. W. WHITE, AFRAeS, c/o President: R. MclNTYRE, FRAeS. bury 3331. Smiths Industries Ltd, Bishops Cleeve, Chairman: Dr. W. G. WATSON. Cheltenham, Glos. Tel: Bishops Cleeve FRAeS. 3333. Hon. Secretary: J. FISHER, Scottish Aviation Bristol Ltd, Design Office, Prestwick Airport, President: D. ROWLEY, FRAeS. Ayrshire. Tel: Prestwick 79888. Chairman: T. P. FROST, FRAeS. Hon. Secretary: R. HARDING, BAC Ltd, Halton Filton, Bristol. Bristol 693831. President: Air Vice-Marshal J. H. HUNTER- TOD, OBE, FRAeS. Reading Chairman: Gp. Capt. M. F. HATTON, OBE, President: E. N. MOBBS. Brought AFRAeS Chairman: J. T. APPLEBY, FRAeS. President: Capt. E. D. G. LEWIN. CB, CBE, Hon. Secretary: Fit. Lt. C. R. MILES, Hon. Secretary: K. O. SCOTT, AFRAeS, DSO, AFRAeS. Officers' Mess, RAF Halton, Bucks. Tel: M. L. Aviation Co. Ltd, White Waltham, Chairman: K. ESSEX-CROSBY, FRAeS. Wendover 2241. Maidenhead, Berks. Tel: Littlewick Hon. Secretary: A. D. HOWARTH, ARAeS. Green 3361. c/o Hawker Slddeley Aviation Ltd, Brough, Yorkshire. Te/: Brough 667121 Hatfield Southampton President: Sir HARRY BROADHURST. President: A. N. CLIFTON. FRAeS. Cambridge Chairman: G. R. WILKINSON. Chairman: D. C. EVANS, AFC. President: Professor W. A. MAIR, FRAeS. Hon. Secretary: G. B. EVANS, FRAeS, Hon. Secretary: P. W. FORTESCUE, AFRAeS, Chairman: R. 0. GATES, FRAeS. Drawing Office, Hawker Siddeley Aviation Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Hon. Secretary: D. J. COLE, Marshall oi Ltd, Hatfield, Herts. Tel: Hatfield 2345. The University, Southampton. Tel: South­ Cambridge (Engineering) Ltd, The Air­ ampton 56331. port, Cambridge. Tel: Cambridge 56291. Isle of Wight Chester President: L. BODDINGTON, CEB, FRAeS. Southend President: K. G. HANCOCK, FRAeS. Chairman- D J. HARDY, AFRAeS. President: J. R. BATT, ARAeS. Chairman: H. STRAWSON, AFRAeS. Hon. Secretary: H. A. POOK, AFRAeS. Chairman: K. A. COLE, AFRAeS. Hon. Secretary: V. W. CLARKSON, ARAeS. British Hovercraft Corporation Ltd, East Hon. Secretary: Wg. Cdr. E. F. PRICE, Hawker Siddeley Aviation Ltd, Broughton, Cowes. Isle of Wight. Tel: Cowes 4121. ARAeS, Aviation Traders (Eng) Ltd, Chester. Tel: Chester 24646. Southend Airport, Essex. Tel: Southend 49471. Christchurch London Airport President: E. W. J. GRAY, FRAeS. President. C. ABELL, OBE, FRAeS. Swindon Chairman: D. E. CAILES, AFRAeS. Chairman: F. J. LOW, ARAeS. President: W. GILLESPIE, AFRAeS. Hon. Secretary: A. L. RUCKLEY, AFRAeS, Hon. Secretary: N. BROWN, ARAeS, Tech­ Chairman: E. J. DAVIS, AFRAeS. BAC Ltd, Design Office, Bournemouth nical Publications, Technical Block A, Hon. Secretary:
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