Jean Sibelius | in Tégrale Des Symphonies

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Jean Sibelius | in Tégrale Des Symphonies Dimanche 4, lundi 5, mardi 6 et jeudi 8 novembre Jean Sibelius | Intégrale des symphonies Los Angeles Philharmonic | Dimanche 4, lundi 5, mardi 6 et jeudi 8 novembre 6 et mardi lundi 5, | Dimanche 4, Esa-Pekka Salonen, direction Intégrale des symphonies des Intégrale Jean Sibelius | Jean Sibelius novembre.indd 1 19/10/07 14:50:07 Sommaire DimaNCHe 4 NoVemBre – 16H (page 5) marDi 6 NoVemBre – 20H (page 7) Sibelius, intégrale des symphonies I Sibelius, intégrale des symphonies III Jean Sibelius Jean Sibelius La Fille de Pohjola, fantaisie symphonique op. 49 Le Retour de Lemminkäinen, Symphonie no 3 en ut majeur op. 52 poème symphonique op. 22 no 4 Symphonie no 1 en mi mineur op. 39 esa-Pekka Salonen Wing on Wing Jean Sibelius Los Angeles Philharmonic Symphonie no 2 en ré majeur op. 43 Esa-Pekka Salonen, direction Los Angeles Philharmonic LUNDi 5 NoVemBre – 20H (page 13) Esa-Pekka Salonen, direction Anu Komsi, soprano Cyndia Sieden, soprano Sibelius, intégrale des symphonies II Jean Sibelius JeUDi 8 NoVemBre – 20H (page 37) Symphonie no 6 en ré mineur op. 104 Sept Chants, op. 17 nos 4 et 6, op. 36 nos 1 et 4, op. 37 nos 3, 4 et 5 (orchestration de John Estacio) Sibelius, intégrale des symphonies IV Symphonie no 5 en mi bémol majeur op. 82 Jean Sibelius Los Angeles Philharmonic Symphonie no 4 en la mineur op. 63 Esa-Pekka Salonen, direction Steven Stucky Ben Heppner, ténor Radical Light (création française) Jean Sibelius Symphonie no 7 en ut majeur op. 105 Los Angeles Philharmonic Esa-Pekka Salonen, direction Sibelius novembre.indd 2 19/10/07 14:50:08 Né à Hämeenlinna en Finlande centrale, Jean Sibelius (1865-1957) étudia à Helsinki (1885-1889), Berlin (1889-1890) et Vienne (1890-1891) avant de s’imposer du jour au lendemain dans sa patrie avec sa symphonie-cantate Kullervo (avril 189), inspirée de la mythologie finlandaise du Kalevala. Sa première période créatrice, dite romantico-nationale, vit naître également la Suite de Lemminkäinen (1896), dont le célèbre Cygne de Tuonela n’est autre que le second volet, des oeuvres patriotiques comme Finlandia (1899-1900) et les deux premières symphonies. Le romantisme de la Première Symphonie (1899-1900) est plutôt d’ordre individuel et légendaire, celui de la Deuxième (190) collectif et national. L’installation en 1904 à Järvenpää, à une trentaine de kilomètres au nord d’Helsinki, dans une maison que Sibelius devait habiter jusqu’à sa mort, marqua le début d’une phase stylistique plus universelle, inaugurée par le Concerto pour violon (1903, révisé en 1905) et marquée notamment par plusieurs poèmes symphonies dont La Fille de Pohjola (1906), le quatuor à cordes Voces intimae (1909), la lumineuse Troisième Symphonie (1907) et l’austère et radicale Quatrième (1911). Après les poèmes symphoniques Le Barde (1913) et Les Océanides (1914), le travail sur la puissante Cinquième (1915, révisée en 1916 et en 1919) couvrit une période agitée : celle de la Première Guerre mondiale ainsi que de l’indépendance (1917) et de la guerre civile (1918) finlandaises, période au cours de laquelle Sibelius dut renoncer à ses nombreux séjours à l’étranger. La transparente Sixième Symphonie suivit en 193, la monolithique Septième en 194 et le poème symphonique Tapiola, sa dernière grande oeuvre, en 196. Sibelius est avant tout un maître de l’orchestre. Il fut étroitement mêlé à la vie culturelle et politique de la Finlande, mais s’attacha toujours, surtout à partir des premières années du XXe siècle, à en dépasser les frontières. Empreinte d’une très forte personnalité, sa musique ne ressemble à aucune autre, mais Sibelius n’avait rien d’un isolé, et il se tint constamment au courant de ce qui se faisait en Europe. Sa solitude fut d’ordre psychologique. Ses relations avec la Finlande furent d’ordre mythique et non folklorique. Il ne rompit jamais avec son pays, mais son dieu était Beethoven, et il fut de ceux qui, pour se dégager de l’influence germanique, eurent recours à l’antidote debussyste. Il fut surtout un grand inventeur de formes, et son apport est fondamental au plan syntaxique, dans le renouvellement de la notion de forme musicale organique. « Pour moi, l’aspect crucial de son œuvre réside dans sa conception de la continuité », a déclaré son compatriote le compositeur Magnus Lindberg (né en 1958). Marc Vignal 3 Sibelius novembre.indd 3 19/10/07 14:50:08 Sibelius novembre.indd 4 19/10/07 14:50:08 DimaNCHe 4 NoVemBre – 16H Sibelius, intégrale des symphonies I Jean Sibelius La Fille de Pohjola, fantaisie symphonique op. 49 Symphonie no 3 en ut majeur op. 52 entracte Symphonie no 1 en mi mineur op. 39 Los Angeles Philharmonic Esa-Pekka Salonen, direction Toute photographie et tout enregistrement sont strictement interdits. Fin du concert vers 17h55. 5 Sibelius novembre.indd 5 19/10/07 14:50:09 Jean Sibelius (1865 – 1957) La Fille de Pohjola, fantaisie symphonique op. 49 Composition : 1905-1906. Création : 9 décembre 1906 à Saint-Pétersbourg, sous la direction du compositeur. Durée : environ 13 minutes. « Librement inspirée » de l’épopée finlandaise du Kalevala, cette œuvre est l’une des rares de Sibelius à suivre un programme précis. À l’origine, en janvier 1905, le compositeur envisagea un poème symphonique intitulé Luonnotar, du nom d’une vierge-fille, plus précisément de la fille de l’air. Le 6 avril 1906, il écrivit à son éditeur allemand Robert Lienau que ce Luonnotar était prêt, mais le 6, il lui annonça soudain l’envoi d’une fantaisie symphonique avec un tout autre programme : l’épisode du chant VII du Kalevala relatant la rencontre du vieux et sage Väinämöinen avec la Fille de Pohjola et son échec dans sa tentative de conquérir cette belle vierge. Pohjola, dans le Kalevala, est le Pays du Nord. L’éditeur trouva le titre de Väinämöinen, proposé par Sibelius, trop ésotérique pour le marché allemand, refusa aussi celui de L’Aventure d’un héros, qui rappelait trop Une Vie de héros de Richard Strauss, et proposa lui-même La Fille de Pohjola que Sibelius accepta. Les sources montrent que La Fille de Pohjola, dont certains thèmes remontent à 1901, utilise les mêmes idées que le Luonnotar mort-né, alors que le poème symphonique Luonnotar pour soprano et orchestre, composé par Sibelius en 1913, est une page tout à fait distincte. « Le ferme et vieux Väinämöinen rentre chez lui sur son traîneau, il vient de l’obscur Pohjola. [...] Il lève la tête et aperçoit, là-haut sur un arc-en-ciel, la Fille de Pohjola occupée à filer, rayonnante dans le ciel bleu. Sa beauté le saisit et l’enivre : « Descends vers moi, ô très belle ! » Mais elle refuse et se moque. Il la prie à nouveau, et elle le défie : « Construis-moi par ta magie, des débris de mon fuseau, une barque, depuis longtemps j’en ai envie. Montre-moi tes pouvoirs magiques, et volontiers je te suivrai. » Le ferme et vieux Väinämöinen s’épuise, travaille, essaie en vain : la formule magique reste introuvable ! Triste et profondément blessé, car la belle lui a échappé, il saute sur son traîneau. [...] En avant ! Et déjà, voilà qu’il relève la tête. » Comme spécimen de musique à programme, La Fille de Pohjola n’a rien à envier aux meilleurs poèmes symphoniques de Strauss alors qu’en tant que musique pure, l’œuvre atteint un degré de cohésion et d’intégration encore supérieur. C’est le poème symphonique d’un symphoniste. Sibelius admirait Une Vie de héros de Strauss, entendu à Berlin en janvier 1905 sous la direction du compositeur lui-même. Il existe entre cet ouvrage et La Fille de Pohjola des rapports d’ordre biographique et psychologique sur lesquels il est impossible de s’attarder ici. Constatons simplement qu’à la fin, dans chaque cas, le « héros » reste solitaire mais redresse la tête. 6 Sibelius novembre.indd 6 19/10/07 14:50:09 DIMANCHE 4 novembre Symphonie no 3 en ut majeur op. 52 Allegro moderato Andantino con moto, quasi allegretto Moderato – Allegro ma non tanto, con energia Composition : septembre 1904 à septembre 1907. Création : 5 septembre 1907 à Helsinki, sous la direction du compositeur. Durée : environ 8 minutes. La Symphonie no 3 est la première grande œuvre entreprise par Sibelius après son installation en 1904 dans sa villa Ainola, à une trentaine de kilomètres au nord d’Helsinki. Son travail fut plus d’une fois interrompu et l’œuvre ne fut terminée que trois ans plus tard. Sibelius s’y remit sérieusement après la création de La Fille de Pohjola, espérant diriger la première audition le mai 1907 à Londres. À cette date, la symphonie n’était pas prête, au grand regret de l’éditeur Lienau, qui souhaitait utiliser les comptes-rendus londoniens pour sa promotion de la partition. Jusqu’au dernier moment, Sibelius se demanda comment la faire débuter. Le 1er juillet, il annonça à Lienau que la Troisième était presque achevée mais que le finale demandait encore « beaucoup de travail ». Pour la première audition, on utilisa un matériau manuscrit car la symphonie ne fut publiée par Lienau qu’en novembre. Les voies nouvelles ouvertes par la Troisième ont été maintes fois soulignées : allègement et éclaircissement de la forme et de l’orchestration, objectivité et concision de l’expression, insistance sur le rythme, le timbre et la mélodie, recherche d’un « nouveau classicisme ». Ces traits l’opposent au romantisme national des deux symphonies précédentes ; elle est moins spectaculaire et plus disciplinée que les deux premières et d’une constante énergie en ses deux mouvements extrêmes. La tonalité principale d’ut majeur semble colorer la partition toute entière, ce qui en réalité est loin d’être le cas.
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