ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010

INDIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BANGALORE ADDRESS

Indian Academy of Sciences C.V. Raman Avenue Post Box No. 8005 Sadashivanagar P.O. Bangalore 560 080 Telephone 80-2361 2546, 80-2361 1034 (EPABX) Fax 91-80-2361 6094 Email [email protected] Website www.ias.ac.in CONTENTS

1. Introduction 4

2. Council 4

3. Fellowship 5

4. Associates 8

5. Publications 8

6. Discussion Meetings 16

7. Raman Professor 18

8. Public Lectures 19

9. Platinum Jubilee Programmes 20

10. Science Education Programmes 33

11. Building – Academy Guest House 48

12. Academy Finances 48

13. Acknowledgements 49

14. Tables 49

15. Annexures 52

16. Statement of Accounts 65 1 INTRODUCTION

The Academy was founded in 1934 by Sir C.V. Raman with the main objective of promoting the progress and upholding the cause of science (both pure and applied). It was registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act on 24 April 1934. The Academy commenced functioning with 65 Fellows and the formal inauguration took place on 31 July 1934 at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. On the afternoon of that day its first general meeting of Fellows was held during which Sir C.V. Raman was elected its President and the draft constitution of the Academy was approved and adopted. The first issue of the Academy Proceedings was published in July 1934. The present report covering the period from April 2009 to March 2010 represents the seventy-sixth year of the Academy.

2 COUNCIL

There were two statutory meetings of the Council on 4 July and 11–12 December 2009. ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010

4 3 FELLOWSHIP

3.1 2010 Elections 25. Kohli, Ravinder Kumar A total of 573 nominations received for 26. Kotha, Sambasivarao fellowship in different disciplines were 27. Kumar, Anurag considered by the eight Sectional Committees 28. Kumar, Lalit and subsequently by the Council. Following 29. Lele, Ashish K postal balloting, 59 new Fellows were elected, 30. Maiti, Kalobaran the fellowship being effective from 1 January 31. Mallick, Birendra Nath 2010. A list of their names follows, while 32. Mondal, Naba Kumar Annexure 1 gives their particulars. 33. Moorthy, J N 34. Mukhopadhyay, Amitabha Fellows 35. Nagaraj, D S 1. Arankalle, Vidya A 36. Narayan, K S 2. Awasthi, Shally 37. Navalgund, R R 3. Bag, A K 38. Pal, Amlan Jyoti 5 4. Bhargava, Purnima 39. Pati, S K 5. Bhatt, Subhash J 40. Patra, Amit Kumar 6. Biswas, Gautam 41. Ramaiah, D 7. Chakraborti, Pradip K 42. Ramamritham, Krithi 8. Chattoo, Bharat B 43. Ramamurti, V 9. Chattopadhyay, Nitin 44. Ramamurty, Upadrasta 10. Choudhury, Debajyoti 45. Rangarajan, G 11. Das, Amitava 46. Rao, T S S R K 12. Das, Samar Kumar 47. Ravi, V 13. Dasgupta, Indranil 48. Saha-Dasgupta, Tanusri 14. Dighe, Rajan 49. Sami, Mohammad 15. Dutta-Gupta, Aparna 50. Sankaranarayanan, Rajan 16. Galande, Sanjeev 51. Sane, S S 17. Ganguli, Ashok Kumar 52. Sarin, Apurva 18. Ghosh, Balaram 53. Satheesh, S K 19. Ghosh, P K 54. Sharma, S K 20. Govindarajan, Rama 55. Shivashankar, G V 21. Haider, S A 56. Sinha, Sudeshna 22. Indrayan, A 57. Sowdhamini, R 23. Khanduja, S K 58. Subramanian, Kandaswamy 24. Khurana, Paramjit 59. Yadav, J S 3.2 In memoriam The Academy regrets to place on record the death of the following 15 Fellows and 2 Honorary Fellows during the period up to March 2010. Annexure 2 gives additional information about them.

Fellows

1. Anand Kumar, T C 11. Nigam, S D 2. Anantharaman, T R 12. Ramachandra Rao, P 3. Bhargava, B N 13. Sriramachari, S S 4. Biswas, S 14. Vaidya, P C 5. Bose, M K 15. Viswanathan, K S 6. Chandrashekaran, M K 7. Grewal, R S Honorary Fellows 8. Kilpady, S 1. Ginzburg, V L 9. Nair, K G 2. Liepmann, H W 10. Nasipuri, D

3.3 Strength of the Fellowship

Fellows Honorary Fellows 1 April 2009 927 51 Elected (Dec. 2009) 59 - Deceased (2009 – 2010) 15 2 1 April 2010 971 49

3.4 Fellowship and nomination analysis 58 52 49 50 49 49 48 49 48 47 47 44

MATHEMATICS PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Average age of Fellows at the time of elections during the past 6 years (2005–2010)

6 53

Fellowship and nomination analysis (contd.) 50 45 46 46 45 51 49 49 49 49 46

ENGINEERING 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

CHEMISTRY 56 51 50 50 47 45 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

57 EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCES 55 53 51 50 49 7 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 57 54 54 52 50 44 MEDICINE 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ANIMAL SCIENCES 57 56 52 51 49 48 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 52 48 49 48 48 46

PLANT SCIENCES 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Average age of Fellows at the time of elections during the past 6 years (2005–2010) 4 ASSOCIATES 5 PUBLICATIONS

Fifty-six nominations were received and the 5.1 Report on publication arrangement with following 27 were selected as Associates in Springer 2009 (see also Annexure 3). The agreement with Springer for co- 1. Ananth, Sudarshan publication of the 10 journals of the Academy 2. Banerjee, Rahul came to an end in December 2009. A fresh 3. Bhavesh, Neel Sarovar agreement for the 5-year period 2010 – 2014, 4. Biswas, K basically along the same lines as the earlier 5. Chand, Hum one, was signed by the Academy and Springer in July 2009. The new draft agreement 6. Chandran, L. Sunil prepared with legal assistance ensures as 7. Chauhan, Santosh before, the interests of the Academy such as 8. Dabeer, Onkar J ownership, copyright, editorial operations, 9. Dewangan, Pawan acceptance and rejection of papers, printing 10. Ghosh, Suhrit hard copies for domestic circulation, etc. The 11. Gogate, Parag R reach and visibility of each journal and the 12. Krishnapur, Manjunath number of downloads from each journal have 13. Mahapatra, Santanu improved significantly during the period 14. Maji, Pradipta 2007–09. We hope these trends will continue. 15. Malik, Sudip Fellows and other scientists should consider 16. Mandal, Sumantra contributing a significant share of their research papers to the Academy journals since 17. Mukhopadhyay, Samrat their visibility worldwide has much 18. Nagendran, S improved. 19. Patil, Satish Amrutrao 20. Pradeep Singh, N D 21. Roy, Debdas 5.2 Journals 22. Saha, Binoy K The following 11 journals continue to be 23. Saxena, Manoj published by the Academy: 24. Singh, Sanjay 1. Bulletin of Materials Science 25. Thilagar, P 2. Current Science 26. Venugopal, Santhanam 3. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 27. Viswanath, S 4. Journal of Biosciences 5. Journal of Chemical Sciences (formerly Proceedings Chemical Sciences) 6. Journal of Earth System Science ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 (formerly Proceedings Earth and Planetary Sciences) 7. Journal of Genetics

8 8. Pramana – Journal of Physics morbidity and mortality from infectious 9. Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences causes. While tuberculosis, hepatitis, malaria 10. Resonance – Journal of Science and HIV/AIDS continue to dominate the Education disease incidence rates, we in India in 11. Sadhana – Engineering Sciences addition have to cope with the re-emergence The number of pages published with journal- of influenza, plague, malaria, dengue, wise information on papers submitted for leptospirosis and chikungunya. Also, we are publication and circulation figures of journals confronted by novel viral infections such as for the calendar year 2009 are given in Tables SARS and multi drug-resistant/extensively 1–3 (see pages 49–50) respectively. drug resistant tuberculosis. These diseases adversely impact families, workforce productivity and economic development. 5.3 Special issues of journals They also present a formidable challenge to Many special issues of topical importance the already resource-limited health systems, were published as part of the regular issues and call for an approach based on prevention of some of the journals. A description of these and health promotion. follows: This special issue is an attempt to discuss the Emerging and re-emerging infections in burden of selected communicable diseases in 9 India India and analyse the causes for the changing Guest Editors: pattern of these infections in this country. The C C Kartha and causes include genetic mutations in the U C Chaturvedi infectious agent, ecological factors and factors that promote the transmission of infections. Journal of Other reasons may be poor surveillance, Biosciences, Vol. 33, inadequate understanding of the dynamics of No. 4, November the spread of infections, insufficient use of 2008, pp. 423–628 available tools for infection control and Communicable inappropriate policy response to epidemics. diseases account for The articles in this issue cover a wide nearly 45% of adult spectrum of bacterial, viral and parasitic disease burden and deaths in Southeast Asia infections and delineate the challenges for despite the epidemiological transition to an their prevention and control. The authors are increasing burden of chronic non- experts in their domains and share their communicable diseases and notwithstanding opinions on strategies that might hold the developments in medical science and promise for prediction and control of technology. Thus, they are of great concern. epidemics, and deliberate on measures for What is more disturbing is that in recent times, appropriate health system reforms. the pattern and profile of infectious diseases have undergone a sea change in India and other Southeast Asian countries. Re-emerging infections contribute substantially to Current trends in physics in the normal phase in a variety of correlated Guest Editors: systems. G Ravindra Kumar sheds light on Mustansir Barma light and its interaction with matter. Technical and D D Sarma breakthroughs such as chirping allow ultra- high fields to be created in pulses, resulting Pramana, Vol. 73, in completely new behaviour when they No. 1, July 2009, interact with hot, dense matter. R Pandit, P pp. 1–214 Perlekar and S Sankar Ray focus on In 1974, the Russian turbulence, ‘the last great unsolved problem physicist Vitaly of classical physics’. An overview of the Ginzburg wrote a statistical description of fluid turbulence is book entitled Key problems of physics and presented, including 2-d turbulence, the astrophysics in which he presented a selection passive scalar problem and the effect of of important and challenging problems along polymer additives. R Nityananda deals with with speculations on what the future holds. gravitational dynamics on the galactic scale. The selection had a broad range, was highly Gravity leads to counter-intuitive effects, and personalized, and was aimed at the general normal statistical mechanical notions do not scientist, for whom it made very interesting apply. Issues addressed include the Antonov reading. instability, and the multiplicity of possible Thirty odd years later as part of the Platinum stable solutions in collisionless stellar Jubilee Year of the Academy, the Academy systems. decided to commission articles from fellow physicists, which would constitute part of a Microelectromechanical systems special volume ‘Current trends in science’ being brought out on this occasion. The five articles Guest Editors: included in this volume are briefly explained Rudra Pratap and here. Although necessarily different in scope K N Bhat and style from Ginzburg’s book, there are Sadhana, Vol. 34, some similarities: the choice of topics is No. 4, August subjective and the contributions convey 2009, pp. 529–688 important and challenging problems – both As a field, micro solved and unsolved – to the interested electromechanical scientist. systems (MEMS) Sunil Mukhi and Probir Roy trace has matured over the last two decades with developments in theoretical high energy several scientific journals dedicated to it. physics, which they call the ‘cutting edge of These journals have brought out the the human scientific endeavour’, from the interdisciplinary nature of research that the standard model and its inadequacies, to string field demands. In the beginning, most papers theory. G Baskaran focusses on variations on were process-centric where realization of an ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 the theme of resonating valence bond (RVB) MEMS device or structure using conventional behaviour to explain both high-temperature CMOS processes or their variants was the superconductivity and anomalous behaviour centre of excitement. Slowly, it gave way to

10 development of new materials, new presented by Indian researchers in national processes, finer structures and new devices. and international conferences in this area has Once the fabrication processes got established increased ty two orders of magnitude. These and commercial MEMS foundries came into are truly exciting developments. existence, the focus shifted to MEMS design In 2007, the International Union of Materials and system development. After the launch of Research Societies (IUMRS) organized the a few commercially successful MEMS devices, Tenth International Conference on Advanced the research focus shifted to exploration of Materials (ICAM 2007) in Bangalore. This vast areas of applications. Application areas conference included a theme symposium on have started creating their own segments of MEMS that spanned three days with paper MEMS research and it has now become presentations covering various aspects of common to see international conferences MEMS technology. Of the papers presented dedicate sessions to bio-MEMS, optical at the symposium, fifteen were selected after MEMS, inertial MEMS, RF MEMS, and the due process of reviewing. These fifteen papers like. As more researchers join the fray, the attempt to present a cross-section of MEMS overlapping research areas benefit both from research spanning work on novel MEMS intense vertical investigations and cross- materials, process technologies, devices, fertilization of ideas and methods from applications, design and simulation, 11 neighbouring areas. The intensity of research fabrication and testing, and even system has grown, facilities to carry out sophisticated integration. tests and fabrication have mushroomed and the desire to make myriad MEMS sensors and actuators has intensified. Still, at the current Non-hermitian hamiltonians in quantum rate of development there is plenty of room physics at the bottom. Guest Editors: In India, MEMS research has paralleled the Sudhir R Jain and developments elsewhere over the last two Zafar Ahmed decades, lagging behind only marginally due Pramana, Vol. 73, to infrastructural constraints. Some national Nos 2/3, August/ initiatives, notably, the National Programme September 2009, on Smart Systems (NPMASS), have provided pp. 215–626 tremendous impetus to MEMS research. The thirteenth Starting from hardly two small MEMS conference in the research groups in the country in the early series, ‘Non-hermitian hamiltonians in nineties to tens of research groups in quantum physics’, was held at BARC and universities and national laboratories today, TIFR, Mumbai in January 2009. It was also the and establishment of MEMS foundries like first Homi Bhabha Centenary Conference for Semiconductor Laboratories, Chandigarh, 2009. About 160 participants attended the Central Electronics Engineering Research conference which consisted of 4 review talks, Institute, Pilani, and Bharat Electronics 3 keynote talks, 20 plenary talks, 26 Limited, Bangalore, MEMS research in India specialized talks, and 13 poster presentations. has started flourishing. The number of papers About ten years ago, a possible generalization of SKR extended over a period of more than of quantum mechanics, which incorporates 50 years, during which he worked at the non-hermitian hamiltonians was proposed by Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Bender and Boettcher. This led to a large flurry Karaikudi, the National Aerospace of research on PT-symmetric quantum Laboratories, Bangalore, the Indian Institute mechanics and quantum field theory. The of Science, Bangalore and the Institute of physical systems that violate parity and time- Mathematical Sciences, Chennai. reversal symmetry belong to this class – they SKR made significant contributions to include two-dimensional statistical (i) theory of Faradaic rectification; (ii) effect of mechanics, certain models in quantum diffuse double layer on electrode kinetics; (iii) chromodynamics, nuclei with PT-symmetric accelerated Tafel plots for measuring rates of shapes, and so on. Broadly, the themes corrosion; (iv) estimation of the activity addressed during the conference were: PT- coefficients for mixed electrolytes, beyond the symmetry and pseudohermiticity, open Debye-Huckel theory and (v) novel identities quantum systems, non-equilibrium statistical for a class of special functions of mathematical mechanics, random matrix and field-theoretic physics. As a Homi Bhabha Fellow at NAL models, and quantum computation. during 1970–75, Rangarajan embarked upon The two special issues of Pramana contain the developing a systems analysis approach to all original results announced at the conference, classes of electrochemical experiments in addition to two mini-reviews from (transient and steady state) with diverse input pedagogical talks presented a day before the functions (linear and non-linear potential conference started. perturbations of diverse genre). This formalism encompasses almost all the individual experimental behaviour arising from Theoretical chemistry and electrochemistry chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, Guest Editors: M V cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, Sangaranarayanan etc., for various electron transfer processes, and K L Sebastian coupled with mass transfer effects. In addition, Journal of Chemical he developed a comprehensive theory of Sciences, Vol. 121, electrical double layer employing statistical No. 5, September mechanical models and functional analysis, 2009, pp. 559 – 950 which occupies a central place in interfacial electrochemistry. This special issue contains papers on The papers presented in this issue cover a broad theoretical chemistry and electrochemistry. spectrum of topics in theoretical chemistry such These papers have been contributed by as electronic structure calculations, quantum friends and former collaborators of S K dynamics, magnetic properties, solvation Rangarajan who passed away in April 2008. dynamics and molecular dynamics. In

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 SKR has contributed very significantly to electrochemistry, a variety of topics like these areas and thereby promoted the growth electrochemical nanostructures, photoelectro- of these disciplines in India. The contributions chemistry, electron transfer, capacitors, etc., are

12 discussed. It is hoped that this issue of Journal Theoretical understanding of the genotype- of Chemical Sciences will be a fitting tribute to phenotype relationship, the potential of the scientific genius of SKR. developmental mechanisms to generate novel phenotypes, and notions of robustness and evolvability of development, increasingly Phenotypic and developmental plasticity invoke plasticity as a fundamental property Guest Editors: of living systems. Although plasticity has a V Nanjundiah and longer history in the behavioural sciences, it Stuart A Newman is gaining new ground in this field as well, in Journal of considerations of development and evolution Biosciences, Vol. 34, of behaviour. No. 4, October Based on both the increasing interest in 2009, pp. 493 – 646 plasticity and the new experimental and One of the most theoretical approaches to it, a meeting on exciting areas of “Phenotypic and developmental plasticity” research in contemporary biology concerns was held at Thiruvananthapuram, in the attempt to understand the basis of December 2007. This special issue contains variation in traits exhibited by cells, groups articles based on most of the presentations 13 of cells and individual organisms. Until made at the meeting as well as one on a similar recently, it was taken for granted that the only theme solicited afterward. significant source of variation for evolution, and by implication for all of biology, was India’s fossil biota: Current perspectives and genetic variation. Because it was assumed that emerging approaches non-genetic variation was of no relevance for evolutionary change, this attitude persisted Guest Editors: in spite of the longstanding evidence for the Sunil Bajpai and existence of variation due to environmental Ashok Sahni causes or alternative developmental Journal of pathways. It is becoming increasingly clear Biosciences, Vol. 34, that such a viewpoint is no longer tenable. No. 5, November Indeed, what is referred to as the plasticity of 2009, pp. 647–823 the phenotype – multiplicity of biological In recent years, form and function against a constant genetic research in palaeon- background – is coming to occupy centre tology, or the science of fossils, has seen one stage with regard to a large number of major of the most challenging and exciting phases issues in biology. in its history. The spectrum of scientific issues The existence of plasticity in the development and themes being addressed using fossils is and expression of phenotype has truly remarkable, encompassing as it does ramifications for evolutionary theory, causing such diverse perspectives as the dating and a rethinking of some of the premises of the correlation of rock formations, origin, currently prevailing neo-Darwinian synthesis. evolution and extinction of biota, palaeogeography, palaeoclimates, form and aspects of biotic evolution that basically function, and many others. More recent underscore the role of major geodynamic approaches involve integration of the fossil events in the earth’s history during the course data with molecular phylogenetics, of biotic evolution. This special issue covers evolutionary developmental biology (evo- glimpses of the Indian fossil record from a devo) and biomechanics. Also remarkable is variety of perspectives, with some of the the range of temporal and spatial resolution articles emphasizing the growing integration made possible by the fossil data, with studies of palaeontology with biogeography, ranging from individual organisms to larger molecular phylogenetics and biomechanics. taxonomic assemblages; dental and bone microstructure to whole organisms; empirical Genetics of eye diseases to theoretical; local to global and qualitative to quantitative. Guest Editors: Chitra Kannabiran This year is celebrated as the bicentennial birth and Kunal Ray of Charles Darwin and also the birth of an idea that has changed the way we look at life, Journal of Genetics, its diversity and its evolving dynamism. One Vol. 88, No. 4, of the pillars that has steadfastly supported December 2009, the idea of evolution is the fossil record. It pp. 393 – 527 provides a dimension so crucial in This issue features a documenting evolution, the dimension of wide array of articles time. Time does not merely afford information relating to genetic as well as molecular and on when lineages diverged but also provides cellular aspects of eye diseases. The eye itself insight into rates of processes, gradual or by is a microcosm in terms of structure, fits and starts. In addition there is a spatial organization and function and hence, the dimension of how life spread across the globe theme of ‘eye disease’ is necessarily very and how extinctions result in biotic diverse. It includes diseases that affect a wide reorganization tuned to the new world range of tissues that together perform the around them. function of vision – from the highly The Indian subcontinent has a unique fossil specialized, multiple types of neurons that history. This is because the Indian landmass, constitute the retina which is the light joined as it was to the assembly of southern sensitive layer, the pigmented cells of the continents called Gondwanaland, broke free choroid, the supporting vasculature, to the from its moorings with Madagascar about 90 transparent refractive structures of lens and million years ago and drifted rapidly cornea – varied yet complementary in their northwards as an isolated, island subcontinent. roles. The field of ophthalmic genetics Later, around 50 million years ago (mya) it encompasses this diversity not only in the crashed into Asia and literally pushed up the location and manifestation of different eye diseases but also in the spectrum of genetic

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 great Himalayan Range. The Indian fossil record has immensely contributed to a better causation. While the field has been understanding of some of the fundamental predominantly concerned with rare

14 Mendelian or single gene disorders in the is a continuous effort as more genes are past, the current decade has seen a identified for ocular diseases. burgeoning of the genetics of the more In this issue, the theme of genetics of eye common complex eye diseases. This trend diseases is covered by articles that review the reflects that of human genetics as a whole. genetics of several disorders and also Technological advances over the late 20th highlight areas of current interest in molecular century have made it feasible to dissect pathogenesis and therapy in relation to eye genetic components of varying magnitudes diseases. that make up the etiology of complex diseases. Questions relating to the role of genes in the etiology of common complex diseases are as 2nd International Symposium on Materials yet largely unanswered and the current Chemistry ISMC-2008 challenges facing ophthalmic genetics are in Guest Editors: understanding of the nature of genetic D Das and V K Jain variations as well as their role in causation of Journal of Chemical complex eye diseases such as adult-onset Sciences, Vol. 122, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration No. 1, January 2010, and age-related cataract. On the other hand, pp. 5 – 89 the tools that have been established and 15 The special issue of currently available for studying Mendelian this journal is based disorders have resulted in the identification on the lectures of a large number of genes underlying various delivered at the 2nd International Symposium forms of the inherited ocular disorders such on Materials Chemistry (ISMC- 2008) held in as corneal dystrophy, congenital cataract, December 2008 at the Bhabha Atomic retinal degeneration and congenital and Research Centre, Mumbai. juvenile glaucoma. The rapid growth in identification of genes in this group of eye There is an ever-increasing demand for diseases is illustrated very clearly in the case advanced materials necessitating research and of retinal degenerations, which are a large development activities in materials chemistry. group of very heterogeneous diseases of the The ISMC-2008 covered various aspects of retina, for which the number of mapped and/ materials chemistry with an emphasis on or identified genes grew from none to almost areas such as nuclear materials, nano 200 spanning most of the last three decades. materials, functional materials, superconductivity, materials for catalysis and Since the goal of all gene identification chemical sensors. The ISMC-2008 was endeavours is ultimately to understand the regarded as highly successful by international pathogenesis of the disease, a major task peers and reviewers. The wide range of topics accompanying gene discovery is functional covered in this special issue reflects the trends genomics. This involves investigation of emerging in materials chemistry. functions and interactions of the proteins involved and the consequences of mutation at the biochemical and subcellular levels. This 6 DISCUSSION MEETINGS

1. Science dimensions of water policy treatment of these elements to constitute a in India water policy, can be seen in a report that National Inst. of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, appears on the website of the National 10 August 2009 Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore A document entitled ‘Framework for India's (http://www.nias.res.in/R4-09.pdf). water policy’ dealing with depleting water Considering that water is vital for the resources in India and measures to address sustenance of all life, the report underlines the problem, prepared by Prof. T N the imperatives of managing it wisely, Narasimhan and Prof. V K Gaur, was informed by water science and human values presented to the Academy. On behalf of the which persuaded the Roman law givers in the Academy, Prof. T V Ramakrishnan received 6th century to declare this resource as the document on 21 August 2009. essentially belonging to the people, held in This document is the outcome of a one-day trust by the government. The report argues discussion meeting on the topic held on for the creation of a constitutional mandate August 10, 2009 at the National Institute of to safeguard this precious resource and its Advanced Studies, Bangalore, and was co- equitable use as being adopted the world over sponsored with the Academy. by constitutional democracies. The report reviews extant water policy documents produced by the Planning 2. Molecular evolution Commission and analytically considers Orange County, Coorg, India's water budget, showing that the total 29 November – 2 December 2009 utilizable resource available in the country, which is annually replenished, subject to 3. Brain storm session on video climatic variability, is around 650 cubic analysis and sensors kilometres against current consumption of Orange County, Coorg, ~634 cu. km. This is a little higher than 16% of 3 – 6 December 2009 India's total water availability of ~ 4,000 cu. km. and comparable to the 15% being planned 4. Phase transformation and micro by California which has somewhat similar structural evolution at different physiographic and climatic diversity as India. length scale The report emphasizes that critical to a Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, national water policy are three elements: the 21 – 24 February 2010 hydrological cycle which is the dictating natural phenomenon; India’s water endowments which is a reality that demands

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 adaptation; and science–society interface, the human challenge. A detailed, integrated

16 5. Indo-Swedish 3rd meeting – special programme (STINT) (supported by Swedish Govt.) Orange County, Coorg, 25 – 27 February 2010

17

Indo-Swedish 3rd meeting, Orange County, Coorg

Speakers Titles of lectures 1) Olof C Karis (1) High kinetic energy photoemission in 2) Satyabrata Raj basic and applied research 3) Somnath Jana 4) Srimanta Middey (2) Electronic structure of alkali doped

5) Milan K Sanyal tungsten oxides, AxWO3 6) Krishna K Menon (3) Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals: a unique 7) John W Freeland 8) Ronny Knut testing ground for high temperature 9) Subham Mazumder dilute magnetism 10) Anil K Puri (4) Ba3Fe1-xRu2+xO9: A magnetic study on a 11) Pralay K Santra series of hexagonal ruthenates 12) Anirban Chakraborty 13) Sumanta Mukherjee (5) Neutron reflectivity study of a two- 14) Debraj Choudhury dimensional heterogeneous magnetic 15) Per Nordblad phase 16) Sugata Ray (6) Antiferromagnetism at simple oxide 17) Matthias Hudl 18) Biplab Sanyal surfaces probed by magnetic spectro- 19) Abhijit Hazarika microscopies 20) D D Sarma (7) Manipulating orbital symmetry and (13) Drying mediated assembly of colloidal covalency in ultrathin complex oxide silica particles superlattices (14) From disappearance and appearance of (8) Variation of exchange interactions and ferroelectricity in some transition metal magnetism with uniaxiality in MnAs thin oxides films (15) Disorder, competing interaction and (9) Magnetic and transport studies on the glassy magnetisation behaviour quasi one dimensional spin-chain oxides (16) LaSrVMoO6: the story of a proposed half- Sr MPtO (M = Cu, NI) 3 6 metallic antiferromagnet (10) Cationic disorder and magnetic (17) High-pressure Raman study of LiCu2O2 glassiness in La Sr CuRuO (0≤x≤1) 2-x x 6 multiferroic cuprate compounds (18) Tuning the properties of graphene by (11) Unraveling the internal structure of defects complex nanocrystals: Spectroscopy (19) Scanning tunneling microscopy: beyond beyond microscopy imaging (12) Metal-insulator transition in sodium (20) New candidates for orbital ordering tungsten bronze -p band oxides

7 RAMAN PROFESSOR

Marc Fontecave, Professeur au College de France, Chaire De Chimie Des Processus Biologiques, Membre de 1' Academie des Sciences, Cedex, the Academy’s twenty-sixth Raman Professor, was in India in April 2009 for three weeks to take up the Chair. He visited IIT, Chennai and IICT, Hyderabad and delivered an Academy public lecture on Hydrogen: Water, sun and catalysts on 22 April 2009 in Bangalore. He was in India for three weeks in October-November 2009 to complete his assignment. He also visited and delivered lectures at Delhi, Mumbai, Pune and attended the Academy’s Platinum Jubilee Meeting in November 2009. ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010

18 8 ACADEMY PUBLIC LECTURES

Time, Einstein and the coolest stuff in the Cold atoms: Strongly correlated bosons universe Gianni Blatter, ETH Zurich, Switzerland William D Phillips, National Institute of 10 February 2010, Indian Institute of Science, Standards and Technology, Maryland, USA Bangalore 23 January 2010, Indian Institute of Science, The phenomena Bangalore of condensation, At the beginning superfluidity, and of the 20th superconductivity, century, Einstein as well as the more changed the way speculative super- we think about solid state are among Nature. At the the most fascinating beginning of topics of cold matter physics, be it in atomic the 21st century, or condensed form. The speaker reviewed 19 Einstein’s thin- these phenomena and their interrelation and king is shaping proceeded with a discussion of the youngest one of the key member in the family, the atomic Bose gas scientific and technological wonders of pushed into the strong correlation regime contemporary life; atomic clocks, the best with the help of an optical lattice. The speaker timekeepers ever made. Such super-accurate discussed the phase diagram of the system, clocks are essential to industry, commerce, its excitations, and their relation to weakly and science; they are the heart of the global interacting bosons, making use of various positioning system which guides cars, theoretical approaches. Emphasis was given airplanes, and hikers to their destinations. to the relation to superfluids in condensed Today, atomic clocks are still being improved, matter. The lecture was concluded with a short using atoms cooled to incredibly low discussion of a non-equilibrium system, the temperatures. Atomic gases reach tem- strongly correlated polariton gas. peratures less than a billionth of a degree above absolute zero, without freezing. Such atoms are at the heart of primary clocks accurate to better than a second in 80 million years as well as both using and testing some of Einstein’s strongest predictions. This lecture included experimental demonstrations and down-to-earth expla- nations about some of today’s most exciting science. 9 PLATINUM JUBILEE PROGRAMMES

Founded in 1934, the Academy celebrated its Platinum Jubilee Meeting – I Platinum Jubilee year in 2009. A short The first meeting in July 2009 at Hyderabad inaugural function was held on 1st January, was co-hosted by the Indian Institute of 2009 at the Indian Institute of Science during Chemical Technology and the Centre for which the traditional lamp was lit by the Cellular and Molecular Biology. The President and six former Presidents. The attendance by Fellows, Associates and invited activities for the Platinum year included teachers was encouraging. Many of the (a) holding three platinum jubilee scientific lectures were extremely informative. meetings in Hyderabad, Bangalore and In his welcome address, Academy President Mumbai (b) platinum jubilee special D Balasubramanian dwelt on the scale and publications (c) platinum jubilee special various efforts to mitigate the problems of lectures by distinguished scientists from India impaired vision, both worldwide and in India. and abroad at institutions around the country. The eye being an isolated organ of the body, its diseases are in a sense easy to treat. Platinum Jubilee Scientific Meetings Even gene-based In 2009, the Platinum Jubilee Year of the methods are in Academy, three meetings by way of principle available, celebration were organized: The usual as injected genes Mid-Year Meeting was at Hyderabad, do not migrate to July 2–4; the Annual Meeting at Bangalore, other parts of the November 12–14; and one more at Mumbai body. There are during December 3–5, as part of the Homi about 40 million Bhabha Centenary celebrations. These three blind in the world

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 meetings are designated as Platinum Jubilee (8 million of them Meetings I, II, and III. in India). Of them 47% or 18 million D Balasubramanian

20 suffer from cataract which is easy to handle; and the Malay peninsula). The genetic while 12% are glaucoma or increased ocular diversity of the Indian population far exceeds pressure cases. There are 15,000 that of Europe as well as China, being made ophthalmologists in India, and an important up of about 4600 culturally and target is to reduce the incidence of eye anthropologically distinct groups. There are diseases by a factor of two by 2020. The L V ‘social’ limits to gene flow. As a consequence, Prasad Eye Institute in Hyderabad has over genetic analyses of disease patterns can yield the years built up a very carefully though-out information on history of migration. As a rule, rural eye care model, now operating Indians are more prone to heart-related throughout Andhra Pradesh. This is a diseases than any other group anywhere. A pyramidal scheme, with small-sized rural care particular single-gene defect leads to heart centres tackling simpler problems locally, failure with no prior warning by about 50; two while more complicated cases are referred to such defects limit life span to 2 to 5 years. successively more sophisticated centres. Such More generally, many diseases we face are a model has been shown to work very well, ‘our own’, and western drugs are not suited and should be copied by other states in the to our population. All in all, so much learnt country. so far, so much left to learn! Lalji Singh’s The Symposium on ‘Darwin and evolution’ 21 special lecture on was remarkable for the range of topics ‘Genetic diversity covered. Conceived, organized and in Indian popu- introduced by Vidyanand Nanjundiah, it had lations and its presentations on planetary scale events, implications in origins and development of south Asian health and disease’ languages, genetic perspectives on the was remarkably peopling of India (we are identified by our illuminating molecules!), cultural evolution as seen in in many ways. Indian temples over the centuries, and the

Lalji Singh Research by his impact of Darwinism on the study of history. group attempts to shed new light on the history All of these led to animated discussions, and of the human race. Anatomically modern the symposium as a whole was a most humans arose in Africa about 160,000 years appropriate celebration of the Darwin ago. Periods of drought some 135,000 years bicentennial year. to 70,000 years ago in and around present- The first Public day Malawi led to a major exodus from Africa Lecture by Narendra to other parts of the globe some 65,000 to Luther on the ‘History 70,000 years ago. One of these streams took and heritage of twin the Southern route passing through India and cities’ – Hyderabad then onwards to the Andamans and Australia. and Secunderabad – (In comparison, the populations of the was a beautifully Nicobar islands came much more recently, illustrated presen- about 12,000 to 18,000 years back, from China tation covering four Narendra Luther centuries of their existence. It recalled to mind the lecture on Delhi at the November 2008 meeting of the Academy. Many images had an arresting quality – the strange shapes of rocks in the region (some of them being destroyed as the cities expand), the 14th century Golconda fort of the Kakatiyas, the oldest and largest tree of the country within the fort, among others. Other ‘treasures’ of the cities and regions that caught one’s attention are the story of Bhagmati, the Kohinoor diamond found in 1656, the period Platinum Jubilee meeting – II photographs by Raja Deen Dayal, the work The highlight of the celebrations was the of Ronald Ross in 1897, and the Salar Jung Platinum Jubilee Meeting held at Bangalore museum which is the largest single-person art during 12 – 14 November 2009, all sessions collection in the world. The quality of the being arranged at the spacious National lecture did justice to the quality of the Science Seminar Complex of the IISc (J N Tata available material. Auditorium). The inaugural session was a The meeting dignified and ceremonial affair. Past included a special Presidents who were able to come for the lecture by Surendra meeting spoke briefly and were specially Prasad on VDSL honoured. technology and a Two special Platinum Jubilee publications second Public were released. Messages from several science Lecture by academies across the globe, and from W Selvamurthy Academy Presidents unable to be present, entitled ‘Life were read out. sciences in service The Presidential address titled ‘Stem cell Surendra Prasad of soldiers’. biology and an example of its use in vision Prasad’s talk was on the challenging task of science’ was the third in a set of such providing high speed bandwidths to ‘ever hungrier’ users of new technologies – the Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line (or the VDSL). Twenty four newly elected Fellows and Associates presented their research work. The three-day programme concluded with a brief symposium on ‘Ethnoarchaeology: rock art in peninsular India’. ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010

22 addresses devoted to vision – its scientific urged the Academy to do all it could to aspects, treatment strategies for various types improve the health of science in India. of impairments, and models for effective and The meeting included two public lectures – affordable eye care for our population. The the first by Nandan Nilekani on India’s 23 focus was on increasing prevalence of ambitious ‘Unique Identification Project’, and presbyopia among the older generations, and the second by Mark Tully on ‘The need for myopia among school children. balance in an unbalanced world’. Nilekani Possible new approaches for correcting emphasized that the main aims of this project refractive problems in the lens, and the much of unprecedented more challenging demands of repairing magnitude are – retinal damage, were described. enabling large The President’s address was followed by a numbers of people to Platinum Jubilee Special Lecture by easily prove their C.N.R. Rao on ‘Emerging India as a great identities and thereby centre of science’. The enormous obtain various social contributions of C.V. services and benefits Raman, Founder of Nandan Nilekani that are legitimately the Academy, and due to them. The many important features of S Ramaseshan, a past the whole project, ideas under discussion, President, both to the decisions yet to be made, were presented with Academy and to remarkable clarity and precision. As the publication of scien- speaker said, “we will be the first country to tific journals were implement a biometric-based unique ID system for its residents on such a large scale”. recalled. The general C N R Rao impression that despite better financial Mark Tully brought out some central features support, the quality as well as quantity of of Indic religions which contrast with others science in India have not improved in important ways. The former accept the significantly was mentioned. The speaker ‘uncertainty of certainty’ – as against enlightenment Platinum Jubilee meeting – III rationalism, the The third meeting scheduled for the Platinum certainties of the Jubilee year was held during December 3 – 5 semitic faiths, 2009 at the Tata Institute of Fundamental and the more Research (TIFR), Mumbai. The Academy was contemporary belief a co-sponsor – along with INSA, NASI, DAE in the existence of and the Royal Society, London – of the science-based ‘Bhabha Centenary Symposium: Science and answers to all Technology at the Frontiers’. The event as a Mark Tully questions. He whole was most tastefully organized, one concluded with an appeal for balance in all highlight being a slide show titled ‘Homi discussions and debates on matters of Bhabha: In memoriam’ created with artistic technology, science and individual faiths. elegance and using the archives of the TIFR. The three Symposia covered ‘Climate change: Among the many excellent talks given in An Indian perspective’, ‘Navigation and memory of and to honour Homi Bhabha, communication – What we can learn from some should be particularly mentioned. insects’, and ‘Raman spectroscopy’. Each of Those with a historical flavour were by C. N. these included many presentations of Yang on ‘From the vector potential to uniformly high quality, and presented all the connections on a fiber bundle’; M. S. important facets of each topic in Narasimhan on ‘Mathematics in TIFR’; M. G. complementary ways. K. Menon on ‘Turning points in Homi’s life’; In addition to these special components of the Obaid Siddiqi on ‘The beginnings of biology programme, a number of lectures by recently at TIFR – Dr. Bhabha’s style of growing elected Fellows and Associates – 14 in all – science’; and Arnold Wolfendale on ‘Cosmic were given. The attendance was also very rays and evolution’. Among the technical encouraging, as some 200 Fellows and talks, both W. M. Rainforth and Knut Urban Associates and about 50 teacher invitees were spoke about microscopy and the aftermath of present. Feynman’s 1959 lecture ‘There’s plenty of room at the bottom’; R. S. Raghavan covered On this historic occasion in the life of the recent developments in neutrino physics; Academy, a series of artistically designed C. N. R. Rao on ‘Graphene and beyond’; and panels displaying texts and photographs from Carlo Rubbia on the non-baryonic dark matter the Archives were created and set up at the problem. venue of the meeting. The Symposium as a whole was a magnificent tribute to the amazing vision and talents of Homi Bhabha. These were particularly well captured by the remarks of the Academy President, Prof. D. Balasubramanian in the

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 Academy Session on the second day when he placed Bhabha within the pantheon of supremely gifted individuals the country

24 produced in the Platinum Jubilee Lectures th late 19 and 1. MICHAEL BALTER (Contributing early-to-mid Correspondent, Science Adjunct Professor th 20 centuries, in of Journalism, Boston University) many areas What made humans modern? A look at human of creative evolution through the eyes of a science journalist endeavour. (a) 4 April 2009, India International Centre, The Academy New Delhi together with TIFR brought (b) 6 April 2009, Indian Institute of out a special publication titled Homi Jehangir Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Bhabha: Collected Scientific Papers which was (c) 7 April 2009, B M Birla Science Centre, released at the Bhabha Centenary Symposium. Hyderabad (d) 8 April 2009, IITM, Chennai Platinum Jubilee special publication Summary: Humans are capable of incredible Two Platinum Jubilee creativity. We make art, music, and literature, Publications – a two- and our everyday language is colourful and 25 volume Directory of innovative. As one researcher put it, we are Fellows (past and the ‘symbolic species.’ What are the roots of present) and a this symbolism, and why and how did we volume “Current evolve these abilities? We cannot find the Trends in Science” – answer by simply looking for the earliest were published. works of art, such as cave paintings, because we cannot be sure that even earlier examples The Academy invited of symbolic behaviour have been lost over several of its dis- time; and since language does not fossilize, tinguished Fellows from different areas of we cannot know how long ago our ability to specialization to put together expert reviews on talk to each other evolved. Instead we must chosen themes, giving a snapshot of the state look for ‘proxy’ indications in the of science. The 42 articles in this special issue archaeological record, such as the ability to titled “Current Trends in Science” cover make sophisticated tools and the use of seven major coloured pigments. This search leads us to areas, all of them hominid species that predate Homo sapiens, written and and raises important questions about how and edited with care. why such abilities helped us to survive over the ages. 2. MARC FONTECAVE (College de France, incorporation into higher level entities. This Paris) Raman Professor, Indian Academy of has entailed ever more sophisticated Sciences cooperative interactions, supported by a Hydrogen: water, sun and catalysts variety of group cementing forces: genetic similarity, central control, and synergy. Since 22 April 2009, Indian Institute of Science, every replicating entity has a tendency of Bangalore producing more copies of itself, this results Summary: One of the grand challenges of in a variety of conflicts at many levels, leading twenty-first century chemistry is to convert to manifestations such as the proliferation of abundant energy-poor molecules to energy- junk DNA, parent–offspring conflict, and rich molecules using sunlight as the energy suppression of one human language by source. Hydrogen from water is such a solar another. fuel. However its production and use (b) 29 October 2009, UGC Academic Staff currently depend on noble metals such as College, Mizoram University, Aizawl platinum which is expensive and not abundant enough. Viable renewable energy (c) 4 November 2009, West Bengal State systems will require new catalysts made from University, Barasat earth-abundant materials, cheap and robust. Summary: For the last 3.8 billion years, life The lecture described bioinspired strategy, has flourished on planet earth, expanding and aiming at reproducing hydrogenase active diversifying. It has led to the evolution of ever sites, which leads to remarkable cobalt-based more complex organisms, and animal and nickel-based (photo) catalysts for societies, along with evolution of new forms hydrogen production. of replicating entities, memes and artefacts. Its culmination in the present day information and communication technology, has brought 3. MADHAV GADGIL (Agharkar Research us to the threshold of another major Institute, Pune) transition, that of human societies with global Major transitions in evolution access to entire stock of human knowledge. (a) 5 June 2009, Manipur University, Imphal

Summary: Life, a manifestation of replicating 4. RICHARD J ROBERTS Nobel Laureate, entities with heredity and variation, has New England Biolabs, Beverly, USA flourished on planet earth over the last 3.8 Genomics of restriction and modification billion years. It has expanded and diversified, occupying an ever greater range of habitats 19 June 2009, Indian Institute of Science, and utilizing newer and newer forms of Bangalore resources. This has involved the evolution of ever more complex organisms, animal societies and biotic communities. This progressive elaboration of complex forms has ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 been accomplished through a diversification of simpler entities, their aggregation and

26 5. MICHAEL WITZEL (Wales Professor of linguistic data clearly indicate the derivation Sanskrit, Department of Sanskrit and Indian of Rigvedic Sanskrit from Indo-Iranian and Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Indo-European (and not an ultimate Indian USA) origin). The same applies to the poetics, ritual, (a) Origin and development of language in south mythology and most of the religion of the Rig Asia: Phylogeny vs. epigenetics Veda. However, the ‘lower,’ more popular levels of myth and religion are clearly local, 9 July 2009, Jawaharlal Nehru University, as are many words related to village life, New Delhi agriculture and entertainment. Such words Summary: This presentation began with a have a non- Indo-European structure and go brief overview of opinions about the origin back neither to Dravidian nor Munda but of human language and the controversial mostly to a prefixing language, similar to question of Neanderthal speech. Quickly Austro-Asiatic, that must have been spoken moving from the language of the ‘African eve’ in the northern Indus plains and in Haryana to the specific ones of the subcontinent, a brief but that was not recorded in Indus documents overview was given of the prehistoric and of any substantial length. Interaction between current south Asian language families as well the mainly pastoral Indo-Aryans and the local as their development over the past c. 5000 population of the Greater Panjab, remnants years. The equivalents of phylogeny and of the Harappan civilization, resulted in a 27 epigenetics in linguistics were then dealt with, certain amount of convergence visible in that is, the successful (Darwinian style) linguistic categories, leading to the ‘south phylogenetic reconstruction of language Asian linguistic area.’ These changes involve families (as ‘trees’), which is interfered by the languages from the Pamirs to Sri Lanka but separate wave-like spread of certain features they could not erase the inherent nature of across linguistic boundaries, even across the languages involved. Similar convergent language families. A combination of both features can be seen in the development of features lead to the emergence of the current Vedic myth and ritual. While most of the south Asian linguistic area (sprachbund). This deities and rituals are of Indo-Iranian (or even development made the structure of Indo- Indo-European age), a number of possible Aryan, Dravidian or Mund similar to each slight adjustments to local pre-Vedic, that is, other but it could not eliminate most of their post-Indus, religion and ritual may be individual characteristics. discerned. The emerging scenario is (b) The languages and cultures revealed by the supported by some features of post-Indus Rig Veda: Immigration, localization and (late Harappan) archaeology, notably in convergence Gandhara, and by some aspects of human genetics, especially the newly discussed 10 July 2009, India International Centre, autosomal data. Recent discoveries of a large New Delhi Harappan graveyard in Haryana may shed Summary: The outdated 19th century theory further light on the matter. of an ‘Aryan invasion’ dominated political discussion for the past twenty or thirty years. The scholarly facts tell a different story. The 6. B G VERGHESE (Visiting Professor, 8. MAX BENNETT (Director, BMRI, Head Centre for Policy Research, Delhi) Neurobiology Managing India’s diversities Research Centre, University of 11 August 2009, Central Food Technological Sydney, Australia) Research Institute, Mysore Glial cell purinergic Summary: India is the most diverse country synapses in chronic in the world and the most stratified over time pain, spreading and space. The social dynamics of the country cortical depression and is bringing ever newer elements, hitherto the BOLD effect in submerged and oppressed, into the non-invasive brain imaging ‘mainstream’. This mistakenly suggests growing fragmentation and negative identity 12 August 2009, Raman Research Institute, politics. In fact, this upwelling from below is Bangalore converting ‘Bharat’ into ‘India’ and has vastly Summary: Chronic neuropathic pain is strengthened the roots of democracy. How we associated with a spreading inflammatory manage this delicate and difficult transition wave in the spinal cord from the site of initial will determine the future. synaptic transmission of the pain stimulus in the cord, thus recruiting wide areas of neuronal activity not implicated in the initial 7. RAMASWAMY R IYER (Research event. Professor, Centre for Policy Migraine pain is preceded by a wave of Research, New spreading depression of cortical neural Delhi) activity, which extends from one end of the cortex to the other. Much information about Water policy and the sites in the brain that function in order science for one to experience pain is obtained through 11 August 2009, non-invasive brain imaging, which is thought Raman Research to provide a measure of local neuronal activity Institute, through propagation of a wave that engages Bangalore and modulates local blood oxygen level Summary: Before we consider what kind of development (BOLD). It is shown that the scientific grounding good water policy needs, waves in these different phenomena can be we must first have a proper understanding quantitatively accounted for by the of the complexities of water, and be clear transmission of calcium waves between glial about what we mean by the term ‘science’. cells, placing this mechanism at the centre of The lecture began by trying to bring clarity to our interests in detecting the cellular signs of these matters and deconstruct some current pain and its amelioration. formulations. It then proceeded to identify ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 certain water policy questions which would benefit from scientific knowledge.

28 9. T N NARASIMHAN (Department of Summary: Anandibai Joshi graduated from Materials Science and Engineering, the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania University of California at Berkeley) in the USA in March 1886 to become India’s Water: Emerging challenge for India’s brightest first woman doctor. Unfortunately she died the following year in India at the age of barely 25 August 2009, Indian Institute of 22. But she has been iconized in various ‘at Technology, Chennai times contradictory’ ways in two biographies Summary: India’s water resources are finite, (one American and one Marathi) and a and there are good reasons to believe that biographical novel (Marathi, later translated India may already be at the threshold of over- into English) This lecture contextualized utilizing its available resources. India does not Anandibai within India’s social reform have a coherent national water policy, and movement, analysed her biographies, and water use is unregulated, even as industrial also explored her feminism and nationalism. and urban development proceed at a feverish pitch. Without bringing order and discipline into water management, India’s economic 11. WALTER KÖHN (Department of expectations will be seriously jeopardized. Physics, University of California, Santa Sustainable management of India’s water Barbara, USA). resources requires knowledge of delicately A world predominantly powered by solar and 29 interlinked earth systems, complicated by wind energy human attitudes and aspirations. Wise 23 October 2009, Indian Institute of Science, management of India’s water resources offers Bangalore. enormous technical and human challenges. Summary: It is widely recognized that the For civilized human survival on a finite, fossil fuels, oil and natural gas, which interconnected earth, technology must adapt currently provide almost 60% of the world’s to the nature of earth systems. Such an energy consumption, will be largely adaptation will have a chance of success only exhausted in a few decades. At the same time, if India’s brightest takes the earth as seriously world population will have increased by an as it takes physical and biological sciences. estimated 30 to 40 per cent by mid-century. The talk provided a glimpse into the scientific To avoid a catastrophic energy shortage by and human dimensions of India’s water mid-century, these fuels must be replaced by resources situation. ecologically acceptable and sustainable alternatives. Solar and wind power appear to 10. MEERA KOSAMBI (Former Professor be the most promising candidates. Although, & Director, Research Centre for Women’s at the present time they constitute only ~ 2 Studies, SNDT Women’s University, per cent of the global energy consumption, Mumbai) their production has recently been rising by Dr Anandibai Joshi: The achievement and a spectacular 30 to 40% per year, or a factor of iconization of India’s first woman doctor 15 per decade and 225 in 20 years. This arithmetic suggests that the entire deficit 15 September 2009, Centre for Cellular and stemming from the impending exhaustion of Molecular Biology, Hyderabad oil and gas might be compensated in about feedback loops or coupling between internal 10 to 20 years by continuing aggressive and external processes. This coupling arises commitment to solar and wind energy. The because erosion depends on topography lecture examined this speculation. It provides while denudation influences tectonic useful guidelines for the second half of the processes by modifying the Earth’s surface century and beyond. At the same time, there through mass redistribution i.e., by changing is a very serious energy deficit during the one the stress state in the orogenic wedge, which to two decades of transition from the present in turn induces an internal (or tectonic) (oil-gas)-era to the (sol-wind)-era, which will response to try to restore the initial wedge require additional measures. geometry. The evolution of a mountain range, its mean and maximum elevation, as well as its width or its eventual shape asymmetry, are 12. JÉRÔME LAVE (Centre de Recherches all dictated by this subtle balance or imbalance Pétrographiques et between mass addition from tectonic Géochimiques, processes and mass removal from erosion. As Nancy, France). a consequence, the characteristics of any Mountain building: mountain range not only reflect the tectonic life and death of convergence rates across the collision zone mountain range and the thermal state of the deforming crust, 5 November 2009, but also the climate intensity, the precipitation Indian Institute of distribution, the type of rock exposed at the Science, Bangalore. surface. For twenty years, major advances in characterising the physics of erosion Summary: How do mountain ranges grow processes, in measuring denudation rates and and decay? How long do their topographies in numerical modelling have brought new last? What sets the elevation of the high peaks quantitative understanding on how mountain of the Himalayas and of the other mountains ranges evolve modulated by the feedbacks on Earth? How do large orogenic plateaus like between tectonics, climate and erosion. These the Tibetan plateau form, and why some other most recent views, putting a particular ranges are much narrower? If the emergence emphasis on the Himalaya-Tibet collision of the plate tectonics theory in the 60s has zone, were presented. permitted explanation of the primary engine or internal forces that contribute to building topographies, the progressive recognition in the 90s of the role of erosion in the evolution of the mountain ranges has revolutionized the tectonics and geomorphology fields. The erosion not only creates relief with deep valleys and sharp peaks, it also contributes during the active phase of mountain building ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 to stabilize the topography toward a dynamic equilibrium through several negative

30 13. RÜDIGER WEHNER (University of positional knowledge of its environment – to Zurich, Switzerland). know what to do when encountering a given Desert ant navigation: signpost rather than where this signpost is mini brains – mega within a survey map – is the insect’s way of tasks – smart solutions getting around in its visual world. 10 November 2009, Indian Institute of 14. DANIEL L HARTL (Higgins Professor Science, Bangalore. of Biology, Department of Organismic and Summary: How does a 0.1 mg brain housed Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, in a 10 mg insect solve complex computational Cambridge, USA) tasks, which we humans would be able to (a) Microorganisms, genomes, and the history of accomplish only with GPS devices? In trying food to answer this question the talk focussed on 3 December 2009, Rani Bahadur the extraordinary navigational skills of Auditorium, University of Mysore, visually guided desert ants, Cataglyphis. Manasagangotri, Mysore. What does the compass and the odometer that Summary: An overview of major innovations the ant employs look like? Is the spatial in the history of food, including cooking, information provided by the ant’s path 31 social rituals, domestication, selective integrator and landmark guidance routine breeding, trading, global exchange, integrated into a cognitive map? A agribusiness, and genetic modification was multidisciplinary approach combining presented. Microorganisms have long been behavioural and neurophysiological studies essential in the production of and with computer simulations and robotics preservation of foods, and the focus is on the implementations is used to tackle such special role of budding yeast Saccharomyces questions. The result is that Cataglyphis uses cerevisiae in producing ethyl alcohol, whose a number of dedicated neural systems that mind-altering, analgesic, disinfectant, and deal with particular aspects of the animal’s preservative properties made it the most overall navigational task. One of these widespread drug and medicine of antiquity. navigational toolkits is the path integrator by which the ant is continually informed about (b) Natural history of the malaria parasite and its current position relative to the starting its genome point of its journey. In addition to path 7 December 2009, DST Auditorium, integration, Cataglyphis employs various University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad. mechanisms of landmark guidance such as Summary: Malaria is endemic in tropical snapshot matching and visual route regions of many countries with a population following. Finally, however, these various at risk of 3.3 billion. A history of the disease kinds of information acquired by the path- from its origin in primate ancestors through integration and landmark– memory routines its earliest recorded presence in humans to are not knitted together in a static metric map, the present was presented. High levels of but are flexibly used in context-dependent genetic variation allow the malaria parasite ways. To employ procedural rather than to overcome drugs and escape vaccines. (b) Economic fluctuations and statistical physics: Results with next-generation DNA quantifying extremely rare and much less rare sequencing and genotyping technologies events demonstrate the potential to discover drug 18 December 2009, Indian Institute of resistance before it spreads. Science, Bangalore. Summary: Recent analysis of truly huge 15. H EUGENE STANLEY (Departments of quantities of empirical data suggests that Physics and Chemistry, Boston University, classic economic theories fail not only for a Boston, USA). few outliers, but that there occur similar (a) Liquid water, the most complex liquid outliers of every possible size. If one analyzes a small data set, then outliers appear to occur 17 December 2009, as rare events. However, when we analyze Tata Institute of orders of magnitude more data, we find Fundamental orders of magnitude more outliers – so Research, ignoring them is not a responsible option. We Mumbai. find that the statistical properties of these Summary: The outliers are identical to the statistical strange properties properties of everyday fluctuations, of water, the most suggesting the existence of a single complex liquid underlying mechanism for fluctuations of any were discussed. Recent progress in size. understanding some of its anomalous properties has been achieved by combining information from recent experiments and simulations on water in bulk, nanoconfined, and biological environments. The unusual behaviour of water in biological environments, and whether liquid water can exist in two different phases; and the useful analogies between water and other liquids, such as silicon, silica, and carbon, as well as metallic glasses were also discussed. ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010

32 10 SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAMME

Besides the publication of the science 10.2 Participation of teachers in education monthly Resonance, four main Academy meetings activities continue to be carried out under this The Academy has a database of teachers from programme towards attempts to improve the colleges and universities all over the country state of science education and teaching in the based on recommendations received from country. These are (a) summer fellowships Fellows of the Academy. A few of these (b) participation of teachers in meetings teachers are invited to the Academy mid-year (c) refresher courses for teachers (d) lecture and annual meetings every year to give them workshops for students/teachers. an opportunity to attend scientific lectures Both the Indian National Science Academy, and to meet and interact with Fellows. About New Delhi and the National Academy of 70 teachers attended the Academy meetings Sciences, India, Allahabad, have joined this in Hyderabad and Bangalore. Over the past Academy since April 2007 in running these decade, about 900 teachers have attended programmes. Two representatives each from Academy meetings. INSA and NASI are permanent invitees to the Academy Science Education Panel, and these 33 10.3 Refresher courses for teachers programmes are planned in a coordinated manner. The expenses for all these activities This important all-India programme is are equally shared by the three Academies. designed to help motivated teachers improve their background knowledge and teaching skills. The course is normally for two weeks 10.1 Summer fellowships and teachers selected from all over the country This has become an important component of undergo a rigorous course of lectures, the science education programmes of the discussions and tutorial sessions. During the Academy. Summer Fellowships are awarded last eleven years refresher courses on a variety to bright students and motivated teachers to of topics have been organized throughout the work with Fellows of the Academy on country. The following refresher courses were research-oriented projects. Started on a held during the year. relatively small scale in 1995, the programme has grown in size both in terms of the number of applications received and the number of fellowships awarded. This programme conducted by the Academy has an all-India character in that the selected summer fellows work in institutions across the country. During 2009, summer fellowships were offered to 111 teachers and 822 students from all over the country and they were guided by Fellows of all the three Academies. 1. Motivational bridge course in physics

Gogate–Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri, course in mathematical method and laboratory 23 March 2009 – 11 April 2009 experiment course in mathematical method and No. of participants: About 67 students and laboratory experiment and practices’ was teachers from Gogate–Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri proposed. This was essentially meant for first and and nearby colleges; Course Director: second year BSc students in small cities and towns S Ananthakrishnan (Pune University); Course Co- in rural areas of Maharashtra and Goa regions. ordinators: G V Kelkar (President, IAPT, The first of these was thus organized at Ratnagiri Maharashtra), S A Deo, K V Sukhatankar (Gogate in Maharashtra. – Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri), A W Joshi, Anjali The objectives of the course were to Kshirsagar (Pune University); Resource Persons: (a) understand the intricacies of mathematics; (b) J V Narlikar and Mangala Narlikar (IUCAA, understand the relationship between physics and Pune), R Nityananda (NCRA, Pune), Arvind mathematics; (c) be able to translate physics into Kumar and Shirish Pathare (Homi Bhabha Centre, mathematics and vice versa; (d) understand and Mumbai), S H Patel (IIT, Mumbai), Suresh appreciate physics better (e) appreciate better and Chandra (SRTM University, Nanded), M V Jakale clean laboratory practices; (f) plan and design an (Shivaji University, Kolhapur), Atul Mody experiment; (g) think of simple, innovative, open- (Vivekananda College, Mumbai), A D Gangal ended experiments; (h) become good graduates; (University of Pune), Mahesh Shetty (Wilson (i) remove fear of physics and math among College, Mumbai); Local Speakers: Rajashree students; (j) face competitive exams of different Thakur, A W Joshi, Anjali Khirsagar, Satish Nayak, kinds; (k) face interviews. K V Sukhthankar, B D Sutar, S S Sahasrabudhe. The academic programme included the following The state of higher education in science, topics: symmetries in physics; complex algebra; particularly in physics and mathematics at the calculus; thermodynamics and kinetic theory; undergraduates level is of concern and addressed matrix algebra; probability and statistics; ordinary in many fora. The IAPT (Maharashtra and Goa differential equations; orthogonal co-ordinate regions) initiated a summer school in Thane for systems; vector algebra; vector calculus; undergraduates in physics to excite and motivate calculations in special relativity. ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 them. Based on the positive feedback received, the present programme entitled ‘Motivational bridge

34 The Refresher Course in Experimental Physics 3. Animal tissue culture was initiated in 2001, with the specific objective of developing simple but effective experiments at low cost with the aim of improving the laboratory programmes in colleges and universities across India, and to impart training in doing advanced experiments in Physics. Over the years, new experiments have been added and improvements to first circuits have been made. The Refresher Course in Experimental Physics, has been well accepted in various universities across India, and many universities have introduced these experiments in their curriculum. Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Pune, 11 – 23 May 2009 2. Experimental physics – XIV No. of participants: 21 teachers; Course Director: Sudha Gangal (Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Pune); Course Co-ordinator: Alpana Moghe (Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Pune); Resource Persons: Prabhakar Ranjekar, Sudha Gangal, Alpana Moghe, Snehil Jaiswal, Prachi (Rajiv Gandhi 35 Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Pune). Rajiv Gandhi Institute is a young institute, teaching ATC at UG as well as PG level and has a fairly good laboratory set-up. Considering the need to spread technology to needy colleges in Alagappa University, Karaikudi, the country, it was decided to organize the 7 – 22 May 2009 Refresher Course. No. of participants: About 30 students and The programme generally consisted of a lecture teachers from Alagappa University and nearby in the morning followed by practicals. The colleges; Course Director: R Srinivasan participants were divided into 2 batches of 10 (Bangalore); Course Co-ordinator: C Sanjeeviraja each. While one batch did the sterile work in the (Alagappa University); Resource Persons: hoods, the other did the nonsterile work according R Srinivasan (Bangalore), S M Sadique (Goa), to a prescribed schedule with small variations K R S Priolkar, Efrem D’Sa (Goa University), depending on the availability of cell culture. S B Gudennavar (Christ University). Topics of lectures: Overview of ATC; hybridoma technique for development of monoclonal antibodies; physicochemical properties of media such as pH, temperature, gaseous phase requirements of cells; maintenance of cell culture; cryopreservation; cytotoxicity; upscaling; characterization of cells grown in culture; cytogenetic abnormalities shown by cells; importance of mutagenesis assays using tissue culture systems; stem cell biology; how viruses can be grown in simple explant cultures without sophisticated equipment; development of a Manjunatha Pattabi (Mangalore University); culture system to observe growth of chick embryo; Resource Persons: R Srinivasan (Bangalore), use of tissue culture systems for studies to replace K R S Priolkar, S M Sadique (Goa University), animals; use of cell culture from a variety of wild Efrem D’Sa (Carmel College, Goa), Gnana Prakash animals. (Mysore University). The practical sessions were devoted to the As has been the practice with the Experimental following: Feeding of cell cultures; preparation of Physics Refresher Courses organized of late, this synthetic medium used in ATC and its sterilization course was restricted to participants from colleges by filtration; subculturing of cells and counting affiliated to Mangalore University where physics of viable cells; staining of cells with giemsa; is taught at the undergraduate level. Twentynine primary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts; colleges were represented at the Course. R sterility test medium; virus titration assay; Srinivasan, the Course Director, outlined the spirit chromosome preparations; growth curve analysis; of the course and explained how many of the cytotoxicity assays; tracheal organ culture; shell- experiments carried out at the undergraduate and less chick embryo cultures; practical postgraduate levels with outdated equipment can demonstration for separation of human peripheral be performed with better precision, better blood lymphocytes on Fico-Hypaque gradient, accuracy and less difficulty. Lectures were collection of lymphocytes from the gradient and followed by laboratory experiments using kits culturing. developed for the Academy at the initiative of R Visits were arranged to the Serum Institute, which Srinivasan. These kits were gifted by the Academy is involved in production of vaccines for many to the Mangalore University for conducting this viral diseases, as well as to the Interactive Research course. School for Health Affairs (IRSHA). A one-day excursion within Pune was also organized. The 5. Experimental chemistry participants were also given two books: 1. Principles and practice of animal tissue culture, Universities Press, Hyderabad. 2. In vitro cultivation of animal cells, Elsevier.

4. Experimental physics – XV

University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 15 – 29 June 2009 No. of participants: 20 University/College teachers from across India; Course Director: Anunay Samanta (University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad); Resource Persons: K C Kumara Swamy, P Raghavaiah, D Basavaiah, R Nagarajan, L Guruprasad, S Pal, P K Panda, D B Ramachary, Mangalore University, Mangalore, R Sridhar, M Durga Prasad, S Mahapatra, 1 – 16 June 2009) K Muralidharan, T Jana, V Baskar, M J Swamy, ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 No. of participants: 33 teachers from various T P Radhakrishnan, A Nangia, M V Rajasekharan colleges in Mangalore; Course Director: (University of Hyderabad). R Srinivasan (Bangalore); Course Co-ordinator:

36 This course was formulated with a view to P Kistaiah (Osmania University, Hyderabad); strengthen the experimental chemistry Resource Persons: N Satyavati, programmes at the undergraduate and M Nagabhushanam, G Prasad, R Sayanna, postgraduate levels in the country. The course M V Ramana Reddy, M Laxmipathi Rao, P Venu involved experiments covering all major branches Gopal Reddy and K Narasimha Reddy (Osmania of chemistry. Preparation, purification and University, Hyderabad). characterization of organic compounds; Seventeen lectures on how to perform preparation of cis- and trans-bis (glycinato) copper experiments, the theory behind the experiment, (II) and tris (thiourea) copper (I) complex; the calculations and final conclusions and 3 special exploitation of computers for understanding lectures were given. Feedback was collected from chemical problems; synthesis of polystyrene by all participants at the end of the course. emulsion polymerization. The experiments were designed such that the chemicals and minor equipment used in the course were inexpensive 7. Experimental Physics – XVII and amenable for easy implementation at the college/university level. The course comprised 13 laboratory experiments; 13 lectures and 1 demonstration experiment. The laboratory experiment can be broadly categorized as follows: 3 in organic chemistry, 4 in inorganic chemistry, 3 in physical chemistry, 2 in materials chemistry and 37 1 in computational chemistry. Each day started with a lecture by a resource person giving a brief outline of his research activities followed by detailed instructions for the laboratory experiment Carmel College for Women, Nuvem, Goa, scheduled for the day. Each participant was 26 October – 9 November 2009 provided a laboratory experiment scheduled for No. of participants: 31; Course Director: the day. They were also provided a laboratory coat, R Srinivasan (Bangalore); Course Co-ordinator: a pair of safety goggles and a book on experimental Efrem D’Sa (Carmel College, Nuvem, Goa); chemistry (General chemistry experiments by Anil J Resource Persons: K R S Priolkar (Goa University, Elias, Universities Press, 2002). Goa); S M Sadique, Manohar Naik (Goa), Efrem D’Sa (Carmel College, Nuvem, Goa) 6. Experimental Physics – XVI In this refresher course, two new experiments were introduced for the first time, namely Young’s modulus by vibrating cantilever and B-H curve which were performed in a totally simple and easy method. The participants performed a total of 16 experiments along with necessary calculations. Four special lectures were delivered. An evening talk on “Rivers Mandovi and Zuari” was also delivered by Satish Shetye (NIO, Goa). An experimental kit on behalf of the three academies was presented to the Principal of the Osmania University, Hyderabad, host College. 26 June – 11 July 2009 No. of participants: 20; Course Director: R Srinivasan (Bangalore); Course Co-ordinator: 8. Experimental Physics – XVIII

University of Calicut, Calicut, 23 November – 8 December 2009 No. of participants: 29; Course Director: No. of participants: 49; Course Director: R Srinivasan (Bangalore); Course Co-ordinator: M Lakshmanan (Bharathidasan University, Antony Joseph (University of Calicut, Calicut); Tiruchirapalli); Course Co-ordinator: Thomas Resource Persons: Antony Joseph, Kuruvilla (Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara); P P Pradyumnan, M M Musthafa, C D Ravikumar Resource Persons: S Chaturvedi (University of (University of Calicut, Calicut), R Srinivasan. Hyderabad, Hyderabad), A V Gopala Rao, In his key note address, Prof. Srinivasan explained K S Mallesh (University of Mysore, Mysore), the purpose and plan of the course. R Jagannathan, R Simon (Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai), N Mukunda (IISc, Bangalore), Seventeen laboratory sessions were conducted M Lakshmanan (Bharathidasan University, during which the participants carried out 15 Tiruchirapalli). experiments. There were 3 discussion sessions in which R Srinivasan answered the questions from During the course M Lakshmanan gave an the participants and explained the salient aspects overview of classical mechanics and its various to be taken care of in designing some of the formulations. He explained the effect of experiments. In addition to this, three special nonlinearities on dynamical systems and lectures were delivered by the faculty of the explained how to study the nonlinear problems. department. The models like logistic map and nonlinear oscillators were discussed in depth and he explained the sensitive dependence on initial 9. Theoretical Physics conditions. He also explained how the linear Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, systems can give rise to solitary waves and solitons 7 – 19 December 2009 and discussed the basic theory of solitons. P M Mathews gave a series of lectures on how classical mechanics, especially rotation

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 dynamics, can be applied to the earth dynamics

38 and how various geographical phenomena and Mathematical methods by Arfken and quantum observational data can be explained systematically computation by Nielsen, were distributed to all through careful theoretical analysis. the participants. One of the following sets of books R Jagannathan discussed how linear partial were distributed to the MSc student participants differential equations can be variable separated viz. Feynman Lecture Series; University Physics and solved. The situations under which ordinary by Zemansky Sears; Vignettes in Physics series by differential equations can be obtained were also G Venkataraman. discussed. He also explained how homogenous differential equations with nonhomogenous 10. Experimental physics – XIX boundary conditions can be transformed to nonhomogenous differential equations with homogenous boundary conditions. The solution of nonhomogenous differential equations using Green’s function was also explained with examples. Simon discussed quantum entanglement in two level systems, building the logic of analysis from fundamental postulates of quantum mechanics. He explained how teleportation is not violating the uncertainty principle. He also discussed the Karnatak University, Dharwad, 39 polarization optics taking two orthogonally 4 – 20 January 2010 polarized states as qubits and its significance to No. of participants: 22; Course Director: quantum computation. R Srinivasan (Bangalore); Course Co-ordinator: A V Gopala Rao of Mysore University lectured on N Sankeshwar (Karnatak University, Dharwad); relativistic electrodynamics. He gave a series of Resource Persons: R Srinivasan (Bangalore), lectures on the Minkowski space and relativistic L R Naik, S Y Amargolkar, A H Sidarai, particle mechanics. He clearly explained the basic G H Malimath (Karnatak University, Dharwad). features of relativity theory and its various This course was planned with the purpose of consequences. He also concluded the tutorial exposing teachers to some aspects of experimental sessions. Physics, mainly experiments on solid state physics S Chaturvedi gave a series of 8 lectures on and electronics and to help motivate teachers to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In improve their background knowledge and addition he conducted tutorial sessions also. teaching skills. S K Saidapur in his inaugural Chaturvedi explained very lucidly the basic address said the excitement involved in the study principles underlying the development of of physics should be made known to students statistical mechanics, the methodologies involved through experiments. The teachers were advised and the consequences thereof. He cleared many to be aware of recent aspects of Experimental of the doubts on the fundamentals for both the Physics and to update their knowledge. The teachers and students. experiments were carried out by the participants N Mukunda delivered several illuminating in groups of two and performed in solid state lectures on vector spaces, tensors and group physics and electronics. The participants were theory. He explained lucidly the various symmetry provided with a manual for all the experiments. groups and their significance with the teachers. K Three special lectures were delivered by the S Mallesh gave an elaborate account of quantum faculty of the department. The general opinion of mechanical perturbation theory, with particular the participants was that the Refresher Course was reference to time dependent systems. Books on quite useful in providing hands-on-training in the laboratory and they expressed interest in the low- Manipal Medical College, Manipal), Kemparaj, cost instruments for laboratory use. The following K Satyamoorthy, P M Gopinath, A Muthusamy, experiments were covered in the course: T S Murali, Reena Reshma D’Souza, B S Satish Rao, Calibration of secondary thermometers; Shyamaprasad Sajankila, Kamlesh Mumbrekar, temperature coefficient of resistance of copper; K P Guruprasad, Bharath Prasad, M Rajashekar, load regulation of the constant current source; Premalatha Shetty, Herman D’Souza, Padmalatha temperature variation of capacitance of a ceramic S Rai, T G Vasudevan, Roopa Nayak, K S Babitha, capacitor, verification of Curie-Weiss Law; Stefan’s K K Mahato, Vidhu Sankar Babu, Saadi Abdul constant of radiation; high resistance by leakage Vahab, K Shama Prasada, Prashantha Hebbar, method; thermal and electrical conductivity of K Manoj Bhat (Manipal Life Sciences Centre, copper and thermal conductivity of poor Manipal), Vishal G Warke (Mumbai). conductor; thermal diffusivity of brass; AC The main aim of the course was to provide the experiments; passive filters; AC bridges; dielectric participants the opportunity to sharpen their skills constant of Benzene and dipole moment of and improve their basic knowledge and teaching acetone; comparison of capacitances; thermal skills. It was planned with the purpose of exposing relaxation of a light bulb; principle of phase them to the modern techniques of biotechnology sensitive detection and the calibration of a lock in and molecular biology. After a brief introduction amplifier; measurement of mutual inductance and to molecular biology and biotechnology, the small resistance with a lock in amplifier; B-H curve following lectures were delivered: ‘Why study using an integrator; flexural vibrations of a steel restriction enzymes’; ‘Metagenomics: a fascinating bar and young modulus. area of microbiology’; ‘Genomics and ethics of human cloning’; ‘Gene expression analysis’. ‘the 11. Biotechnology and modern molecular applications of laser biology and medicine’; biology techniques ‘Genetics and human diseases’ and ‘Introduction to stem cell and applications’; and various aspects of PCR techniques were explained. Demonstrations and hands-on experiments were also conducted for the participants during this course. They include genomic DNA; bacterial culture and plasmid isolation; chemical transformation and electroporation experiments; micronucleus assay; chromosomal aberration assay; comet assay; H2AX assay; flow cytometry; cell-cycle analysis and immunephenotyping Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal experiments; dye exclusion assay; MTT assay; University, Manipal, 11 – 23 January 2010 clonogenic assay or colony formation assay; LDH leakage assay; cell culture techniques; karyotype No. of participants: 21; Course Director: preparation from peripheral blood; isolation and V Nagaraja (IISc, Bangalore); Course Co- estimation of proteins; plant tissue culture. ordinator: K. Satyamoorthy (Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal); Resource Persons: P N Rangarajan, V Nagaraja, K P Gopinathan, P Kondaiah, Kumaravel Somasundaram (IISc, Bangalore), U V Shenoy,

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 Girish Katta, M R Kumar (Kasturba Medical College, Manipal), Indrani Karunasagar (College of Fisheries, Mangalore), Ullas Kamath (Melaka

40 10.4 Lecture workshops for students/teachers

41

1. Advances in chemical sciences Convener: Abhijit Mitra (IIT, Guwahati); Speaker: Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Abhijit Mitra (IIT, Guwahati); Participants: 4 – 5 April 2009 150 students from the ECE Department of Convener: K L Sebastian (IISc, Bangalore); Guwahati University; Topics covered: Co-ordinator: J Ishwara Bhat (Mangalore Introductory concepts of mobile communication. University, Mangalagangothri); Speakers: K L Sebastian, S Sampath (Indian Institute of 3. Recent advances in spectroscopy: theory, Science, Bangalore), K G George Thomas, instrumentation and applications C H Suresh (NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram); Karnatak University, Dharwad, Participants: About 111 students/teachers from 17 – 18 April 2009 various colleges/institutions in Mangalore; Convener: E Arunan (IISc, Bangalore); Topics covered: Strange and (beautiful) world of Co-ordinator: Jagdish Tonannavar, Karnatak quantum mechanics; molecular devices and University, Dharwad; Speakers: E Arunan, motors; atom/molecule-up synthesis of S Umapathy (IISc, Bangalore); Sanjay nanostructures; electrochemical energy systems Wategaonkar (TIFR, Mumbai), B P Singh,Tapan and electrochemical biosensors; introduction to Kundu (IIT, Mumbai); Participants: 118 students/ nanomaterials; surface plasmon resonance in teachers from the university and colleges in metal nanoparticle; application of computational Dharwad; Topics covered: Why atoms/molecules chemistry; theoretical revisiting of (S)-proline absorb radiation; atomic physics & diatomic catalysed intermolecular Aldol reaction. molecules: basic spectroscopic instrumentation and experimental setup; femtosecond 2. The fundamental concepts of mobile photophysics; optical and molecular probe for communication sensors; molecular beam microwave Gauhati University, Guwahati, spectroscopy; laser spectroscopy; spectroscopy of 6 April and 18 May 2009 molecules and clusters. 4. Frontier lectures in bio-organic Convener: M Lakshmanan (Bharathidasan chemistry University, Coimbatore); Co-ordinator: R Amuda Bangalore University, Bangalore, (PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore); 28 – 29 May 2009 Speakers: M Lakshmanan (Bharathidasan Convener: S Chandrasekaran (IISc, Bangalore); University, Tiruchirapalli), K Ganesan (VIT Co-ordinator: V V Sureshbabu (Bangalore University, Vellore), Rama Mohan (CMMACS, University, Bangalore); Speakers: P Balaram, Bangalore), G Ananthakrishna, Govindan Santanu Bhattacharya, R Varadarajan, Rangarajan (IISc, Bangalore), Sudeshna Sinha S Chandrasekaran, S Vijaya (IISc, Bangalore), (IMSc, Chennai), K Murali (Anna University, K N Ganesh (IISER, Pune), Nitish Mahapatra, Chennai), R Shankaranarayanan (National S Baskaran (IITM, Chennai); Participants: Over Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli), Arul 200 students/teachers from Bangalore University Lakshminarayanan (IIT, Chennai); Participants: and colleges; Topics covered: Probing an enzyme 150 participants from various institutions in and mechanism; DNA binding ligand design; design around Coimbatore; Topics covered: Introduction of protein-based molecular switches and to nonlinear dynamics; applications of transforms; immunogens; 4-aminoproline-based collagen brain machine interface; dynamics and rheology mimetics; synthetic studies on peptides; of periodically modelling forced suspensions; physiological anti-hypertensive peptides; modelling the realistic nonlinear systems; development of new synthetic methods; molecular computing with chaos; chaos in electrical circuits; and biochemical studies of flaviviral replication. quantum computing; chaos: from pendulum to nucleus. 5. Plant genetic resources: mapping utilization and conservation 7. Emerging trends in catalysis and VIT University, Vellore, 23 – 25 July 2009 biocatalysis Convener: R Uma Shaanker (UAS, Bangalore); Sri Sathya Sai University, Prasanthi Nilayam, Co-ordinator: R Siva, VIT University; Speakers: 11 – 13 August 2009 S Natesh (Dept. of Biotechnology, New Delhi), Convener: V Chandrasekhar (IIT, Kanpur); K N Ganeshaiah, R Uma Shaanker (UAS, Co-ordinator: C Janardhana (Sri Sathya Sai Bangalore), K V Krishnamurthy (Bharathidasan University, Prasanthi Nilayam); Speakers: University, Trichy), Vasudeva (Forestry College, V Chandrasekhar (IIT, Kanpur), Mukesh Doble Sirsi), G N Hariharan (MSSRF, Chennai), R Siva (IIT, Chennai), T K Chandrashekar (NISER, (VIT University, Vellore), P Nagarajan (TNAU, Bhubaneswar), Somanath Mitra (New Jersey Coimbatore), G Ravikanth (ATREE, Bangalore), Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ), Dinesh Amit Agarwal (Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. Jagadeeshan (JNCASR, Bangalore), Praveen Bangalore); Participants: Around 175 students/ Vadlani (Kansas State University), teachers from institutions in Vellore; Topics V Lakshminarayanan (RRI, Bangalore), Govind covered: Plant genetic resources of India; mapping Rao, R Sai Sathish (CAST, University of Maryland, life; indigenous knowledge system and IPR; Baltimore), V Vijaylakshmi (NII, Hyderabad), estimating plant diversity; prospecting plant Nanduri Srinivasan (Aurigene Discovery genetic resources; prospecting endophytic fungi Technologies Ltd), K B Ramachandran (IIT, and other lesser known taxa; molecular markers Chennai), G Nageswara Rao, S Aswatha Narayana, and its applications; molecular mapping of WBPH K Naga Sai Visweswara (all of Sri Sathya Sai resistance gene in rice with AFLP; conservation University, Prasanthi Nilayam) Participants: of forest genetic resources in the Western ghats; Around 151 participants; Topics covered: plant genetic resources and industry. Metathesis – a key reaction; receptors for cation and anions; enzymatic degradation of poly

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 carbonates; dispersible nanometal carbon 6. Applications of nonlinear dynamics in nanotube – hybrids with potential application in engineering and technology homogeneous catalysis; methanation of PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, carbonates; biofuels and platform chemicals from 30 July – 1 August 2009

42 agricultural resources: biocatalysis and microbial K N Ganeshaiah (University of Agricultural fermentation; electrochemistry for the study of Sciences, Bangalore), Shobini Rao (NIMHANS, bio-materials and electrocatalysis for energy Bangalore), Suhel Quader (NCBS, Bangalore); generation; real time bio-process sensors; high- Participants : 270 students/teachers from various resolution surface plasmon coupled resonant colleges in Bangalore; Topics covered : Charles filter: a low cost analytical tool with applications Darwin – a complete biologist; evolution of love in bio-catalysis; medicine and environment; and hate in plants and animals; immune system: catalysis by molecules and nanoparticles; tissue an evolutionary perspective; evolution of human engineering; discovery of a novel lipid lowering mind; evolution of evolutionary biology. drug; kinetics of hydrolysis of palm oil by lipase; expanded porphyrins: third order NLO materials; 10. Statistics in ecology and environmental new methods for development of bioactive lignans studies based on natural products; biosynthesis of silver BYK (Sinnar) College of Commerce, Nashik, nanoparticles. 5 – 6 September 2009 Convener: A P Gore, Pune; Co-ordinator: 8. Frontier topics in chemistry M B Kulkarni (BYK Sinnar College of Commerce, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Nashik); Speakers: Anil Gore, Sharad D Gore, 21 – 22 August 2009 S A Paranjpe, Rajendra L Deopurkar, Praveen Convener: R Ramaraj (Madurai Kamaraj Saptarshi (University of Pune), Shyam Ashtekar University, Madurai); Co-ordinator: C Chitra (Yeshwantrao Chavan University), Madhav Thomas (Scott Christian College, Nagercoil); Gadgil (Agharkar Research Institute, Pune), Speakers: Suresh Das, K R Gopidas, M P L Reddy Madhav Kulkarni, S N Kulkarni (B Y K College, 43 (NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram), M Palaniandavar Nashik), Leena Pathak (HPT Arts and RYK Science (Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli), College, Nashik), Milind Watve (IISER, Pune); S Rajagopal, K Pitchumani (Madurai Kamaraj Participants: Around 174 students and teachers University, Madurai), S Natarajan (IISc, in and around Nashik; Topics covered: Why Bangalore), C Retna Raj (IIT, Kharagpur); statistics; status of public health in rural and urban Participants: 206 students/teachers in and around India; involving people in monitoring and Nagarcoil; Topics covered: Structure–function managing India’s environment; gender bias and relationship in metallobiomolecules; cyclodextrins incidence of malaria; biofertilizers – ecofriendly are reaction nanovessels and smart sensors; co- bacteria; environmental laws; microbial diversity: ordination chemistry and ligand reaction in the the unexplored world; environmental sampling; synthesis of new functional inorganic compounds; principal component analysis in biology; photoresponsive materials for imaging and energy mathematics for biologists; the bridge on the river harvesting applications; reaction of aromatic ‘why’; social contribution of forestry sector. amines with Cu (II) in acetonitrile; lanthanide beta- diketonate complexes as emitting materials in 11. Frontiers in astronomy and organic light emitting diodes; carbon characterization of new materials nanostructures. CBKB Science College, Akkalkot, 10 – 12 September 2009 9. Integrated approach towards Conveners: P C Agrawal, (TIFR, Mumbai) and understanding Darwinism Sulabha K Kulkarni, (IISER, Pune); Co-ordinator: NMKRV College for Women, Bangalore, K V Zipare (CBKB College, Akkalkot); Speakers: 4 – 5 September 2009 P C Agrawal, D Narasimha (TIFR, Mumbai), Convener: K N Ganeshaiah (UAS, Bangalore); G S Shahane (Dayanand College, Solapur), Co-ordinator: B S Nirmala Shankar (NMKRV Sulabha K Kulkarni (IISER, Pune), Sudha College for Women, Bangalore); Speakers: Bhoraskar, V P Godbole (University of Pune); M G Narasimhan (NIAS, Bangalore), Participants: 205 students and faculty from V Nanjundiah, Dipankar Nandi (IISc, Bangalore), colleges in Akkalkot, Solapur and Gulbarga Topics covered: An inventory of the Universe; Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim); solar activity; nano-magnetic materials for ferro- Speakers: Mihir Kanti Chaudhuri, Pritam Deb fluid application; constituents and condition of (Tezpur University, Sikkim), Sanjay Bhar stars; X-ray astronomy view of Universe; (Jadavpur University, Kolkata), B C Ranu, S Ghosh nanophase materials and nanotechnology; (IACS, Kolkata), Ajay Jha, Sushobhan Choudhury, properties of materials; history of the Universe; Sanjay Dahal, Sangeeta Jha (SMIT, Sikkim), ceramics. Panchanan Pramanik (IIT, Kharagpur), Arun Chattopadhyay, B K Patel (IIT, Guwahati), 12. Recent trends in mathematics and its R K Sharma (Delhi University); Participants: 89; applications Topics covered: Imperatives of green chemistry – Bishop Cotton Women’s Christian College, practices in teaching, research and industries; Bangalore, 9 October 2009 organic reactions in the perspective of green chemistry; green chemistry in research and Convener: Mythily Ramaswamy (TIFR-CAM, teaching; high performance polymeric nano Bangalore); Co-ordinator: G. Muniraj (Bishop composite and nano adhesive and its performance Cotton Women’s Christian College, Bangalore); under space environments; palladium and copper Speakers: Mythily Ramaswamy, C S Aravinda, nanoparticles as efficient, green and selective Amit Apte (TIFR-CAM, Bangalore), catalysts for organic reactions; nano-particles and M V Deshpande (JNCASR, Bangalore); their pharmaceutical applications; cooking Participants: 150; Topics covered: Story of nanomaterials for tomorrow; soft chemistry for optimization; nonlinear differential equation; nanomaterials; multifaceted opportunities in applications of differential equations; milestones nanoscale science and technology; green in the evolution of geometry from Euclid to chemistry with iodine, Cu and OATB; application Perelman. of functionalized magnetic and optical nanoparticle for diagnostics and separation 13. Biotechnology for modern medicine methodologies; carbohydrates as renewable PES College, Bangalore, 23 – 24 October 2009 feedstocks; investigation on mechanical and Convener: V. Nagaraja (IISc, Bangalore); electrical properties of carbon nanotube and other Co-ordinator: S L Shantha (PES College, nanostructured materials; green chemistry Bangalore); Speakers: G. Padmanaban, Saumitra education; metal organic frameworks; green Das, Arun Kumar, P N Rangarajan, chemistry experiments; nanomaterials-current P Kondaiah, Annapoorni Rangarajan, Dipshika and future technological applications. Chakravorty, Parag Sadhale, V Nagaraja (IISc, Bangalore), V Ravi, (NIMHANS, Bangalore); 15. Capacity building for canopy science Participants: 250; Topics covered: Molecular research in India medicine; viral therapeutics; analysis of human Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the genetic disorders; traditional, modern and Environment, Bangalore, futuristic vaccines; viral diagnostics and swine flu; 31 October – 2 November 2009 biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer; Convener: K N Ganeshaiah (UAS, Bangalore); stem cells and cancer; strategies to counter Co-ordinator: M Soubadra Devy (ATREE, bacterial infections; diagnosis and control of Bangalore); Speakers: Jan Wolf (Holland), Roger fungal infections; strategies to counter resurgent Kitching (Australia), Margaret Lowman (USA), TB. Jagdish Krishnaswamy (ATREE, Bangalore), Nathan Philips (Boston University), Tim Kovar 14. Nano-materials and technology in (North-West Tree Climbing); Topics covered: chemistry and green chemistry Canopy science; epiphytes in the canopy; canopy

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim arthropods; research design in canopy; eco- 23 – 25 October 2009 physiology studies; methods of safe access and Convener: Mihir K Chaudhuri (Tezpur University, working in the canopy. Sikkim); Co-ordinator: Amlan Kumar Das (Sikkim

44 16. The idea of evolution expression in humans: implications in disease and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, therapeutics; the making of a flowering stem: 24 November 2009 lessons from molecular genetic analysis of Convener: V Nanjundiah (IISc, Bangalore); flowering in model plants; development of Co-ordinators: Najla Arshad, Subhash Chandra recombinant vaccines for hepatitis B and rabies – Verma (IISc, Bangalore); Speakers: V Nanjundiah, the IISc experience; discerning ecological Rohini Balakrishnan, Renee Borges (IISc, principles from species diversity and Bangalore), Ashok Sahni (Panjab University, spatiotemporal distribution. Chandigarh), K N Ganeshaiah (UAS, Bangalore), S G Kulkarni (University of Hyderabad, 19. Evolutionary biology: Darwin and Hyderabad); Participants: 180; Topics covered: beyond Where are we today?; Planet Earth: an oasis in St. Aloysius College, Mangalore, space; behaviour in plants: what would be 17 – 20 December 2009 Darwin’s response?; Darwin, mind and emotion; Convener: V Nanjundiah, IISc, Bangalore; the descent of man; the texture of Darwinian Co-ordinator: Monika Sadananda (St. Aloysius theory. College, Mangalore); Speakers: V Nanjundiah, S Mahadevan, Ratna Ghosal, Mahua Ghara, 17. Planet-G Santosh Sathe, Subhash Verma, Jahnavi Joshi (IISc, Jai Hind College, Mumbai, 24 – 25 November 2009 Bangalore); Participants: 123; Topics covered: Convener: Tarala D Nandedkar; Co-ordinator: How we understand evolution; the origin of Yasmina Dordi Avari; Speakers: L S Shashidhara variations; spontaneous mutations and natural 45 (IISER, Pune), Roshan Colah (NIIH, Mumbai), selection; development and social behaviour in P S Amare (TMH, Mumbai), Shubha Tole (TIFR, cellular slime moulds; mutalism; proximate vs Mumbai), Nishigandha Naik (Mumbai), Deepak ultimate principles underlying animal behaviour; Modi (NIRRH, Mumbai), Tarala D Nandedkar phylogeny and character evolution; molecular (NIRRH, Mumbai); Participants: 325; Topics biology and evolution. covered: Transgenic approaches to understanding brain development; RNAi and its applications; 20. Recent advances in spectroscopy: recent advances in cytogenetics; antisense & theory, instrumentation and applications cancer; overview of the proceedings & declaration Lady Doak College, Madurai, of results of poster competition. 18 – 19 January 2010 Convener: E Arunan (IISc, Bangalore); 18. Contemporary issues in biology Co-ordinator: Geetha Sivasubramanian (Lady University of Mysore, Mysore, Doak College, Madurai); Speakers: K L Sebastian, 3 – 4 December 2009 E Arunan, S Umapathy (IISc, Bangalore), Convener: H A Ranganath (NAAC, Bangalore) Mangalasunder K (IIT, Chennai), Anunay Samanta and J Nagaraju (CDFD, Hyderabad); (University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad), Co-ordinators: S R Ramesh and N B Ramachandra, S Wategaonkar (TIFR, Mumbai); Participants: 127; (University of Mysore, Mysore); Speakers: Daniel Topics covered: Quantum states; why molecules L Hartl (Harvard University, USA), J Nagaraju absorb/emit radiation; study of short-lived species: (CDFD, Hyderabad), Umesh Varshney, Usha electronically excited molecules and VijayRaghavan, P N Rangarajan (IISc, Bangalore), photochemical transient fundamentals; R S Gupta (McMaster University, Canada), Mewa spectroscopy of molecules and clusters: neutrals; Singh (University of Mysore), T Kundu (JNCASR, femtosecond spectroscopy; spectroscopy of Bangalore); Participants: 450; Topics covered: molecules and clusters: ions; rotational vibrational Microorganisms, genomes and the history of food; interactions; wave packet formalism in sex matters; mechanism of protein synthesis in spectroscopy; molecular beam microwave Eubacteria; genome sequences and the outlines spectroscopy. of bacterial evolution; regulation of gene 21. Frontiers in biology Joseph’s College, Bangalore); Speakers: Seema St Xavier’s College, Mumbai, Nanda, Mythily Ramaswamy, C S Aravinda (TIFR- 18 – 19 January 2010 CAM, Bangalore), Siva Athreya (ISI, Bangalore), Convener: Shobhona Sharma (TIFR, Mumbai); Sujatha Ramdorai (TIFR, Mumbai); Participants: Co-ordinator: Sheela Donde (St Xavier’s College, 94; Topics covered: Mathematical biology; random Mumbai); Speakers: Shubha Tole, Vidita Vaidya walks; topology; groups and equations; geometry. (TIFR, Mumbai), Swati Patankar (IIT, Mumbai), Chaitanya Purandare (Pune), L S Shashidhara 24. Current trends in animal biology and (IISER, Pune), Narendra Jawali (BARC, Mumbai), biotechnology Rita Mulherkar (ACTREC, Mumbai); Participants: S N Vanita Maha Vidyalaya, Hyderabad, 208; Topics covered: The blueprint for building 8 – 9 February 2010 the brain; molecular markers and their Convener: A S Raghavendra, Aparna Dutta Gupta applications in plant biology; regulation of gene (University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad); expression in P. falciparum; gene therapy: an Co-ordinator: G Y Bhargavi, S N Vanita (Maha emerging modality for treatment of cancer; stem Vidyalaya, Hyderabad); Speakers: cell therapy; the emotional brain: imprints of life D Balasubramanian (LVPEI, Hyderabad), history; behavioural adaptation and evolution. P Prakash Babu, Aparna Dutta Gupta (University of Hyderabad), Mahtab S Bamji (Hyderabad); 22. Structure, function and design of P Judson, Shobanaditya (Osmania University, biomolecules Hyderabad); Participants: 371; Topics covered: Bharathiar University, Coimbatore , History of genetics – past and present; Nobel 28 – 29 January 2010 Prizes-2009 diet, nutrition and health – challenges Convener: D N Rao (IISc, Bangalore); and opportunities; changing world of poisons; Co-ordinator: N Sundara Baalaji (Bharathiar recent advances in stem cell research; molecular University, Coimbatore); Speakers: D N Rao, targets for eco-friendly insect pest management. M R N Murthy (IISc, Bangalore), Jayant B Udgaonkar, M K Mathew (NCBS, Bangalore), 25. Modern trends in chemistry S Krishnaswamy (MKU, Madurai), P Gautam St. Joseph’s College, Irinjalakuda, (Anna University, Chennai), A Arockiasamy 24 – 25 February 2010 (ICGEB, New Delhi), Amitabha Chattopadhyay Convener: K George Thomas (NIIST, (CCMB, Hyderabad); Participants: 260; Topics Thiruvananthapuram); Co-ordinator: Rosabella K covered: Restriction enzymes as model systems Puthur (St. Joseph’s College, Irinjalakuda); to study protein-DNA interactions; how do Speakers: Suresh Das, D Ramaiah (NIIST, proteins unfold; form and function in a membrane Thiruvananthapuram), Kana M. Sureshan (IISER, protein: voltage-driven transitions in a potassium Thiruvananthapuram), K L Sebastian, A G channel; structure and assembly of sebania mosaic Samuelson (IISc, Bangalore); Participants: 138; virus; structural studies on enterobacterial Topics covered: Photoresponsive materials; design membrane proteins; molecular dynamics of functional systems for biomolecular simulation of lipases; crystal structure of a plasmid recognitions; reaction mechanisms in fertility inhibition factor and its implications in organometallic chemistry; dynamical processes in horizontal gene transfer in bacteria; the world of chemical biology: is the boundary between membrane proteins. chemistry and biology fading?

23. Projections 2010: A workshop in 26. Frontiers in bioinorganic chemistry mathematics Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 25 – St. Joseph’s College, Bangalore,

ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 27 February 2010 5 – 6 February 2010 Convener: M Palaniandavar (Bharathidasan Convener: Mythily Ramaswamy (TIFR-CAM, University, Tiruchirappalli); Co-ordinator: Bangalore); Co-ordinator: Renee D’Souza, (St. C Sivasankar (Bharathidasan University,

46 Tiruchirappalli); Speakers: M Palaniandavar hands on training; data mining using matlab & (Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli); polyanalyst and hands-on training. T K Chandrashekar (NISER, Bubaneswar); S Sarkar, R N Mukherjee (IIT, Kanpur); C P Rao 29. Aspects of theoretical chemistry and (IIT, Mumbai); S Mazumdar (TIFR, Mumbai); spectroscopy B U Nair, V Subramanian (CLRI, Chennai); A Raja Sree Neelakanta Govt. Sanskrit College, (Leiden University, The Netherlands); Pattambi, 25 – 26 March 2010 Participants: 175; Topics covered: Evolutionary Convener: K L Sebastian, IISc, Bangalore; bioinorganic chemistry; bioinorganic chemistry: Co-ordinator: M R Resmi (SNGS College, an introduction; metalloproteases; metal- Pattambi); Speakers: E Arunan, K L Sebastian coordinated radicals; photodynamic therapy; (IISc, Bangalore), K Mangala Sunder (IIT, Madras), modelling phosphate ester hydrolysis; molecular Ayan Datta (IISER, Thiruvananthapuram); modelling of bioinorganic system; nickel Participants: 134; Topics covered: Why do containing enzymes and conjugates of molecules absorb or emit radiation?; supersonic carbohydrates and calyx [4] arene. molecular beam spectroscopy; theoretical aspects of spectroscopy; the strange and beautiful world 27. Diffraction and scattering of quantum mechanics; tunneling in organic and University of Mysore, Mysore, organometallic reactions; molecular motors; 26 – 28 February 2010 understanding structures of cavities at the Convener: R Srinivasan (Bangalore); Co-ordinator: nanoscale: some applications. L Paramesh (University of Mysore, Mysore); Speakers: B A Dasannacharya (Mumbai), 30. Contemporary issues in chemistry 47 B V R Tata (IGCAR, Kalpakkam), M R N Murthy Visveswarapura College of Science, Bangalore, (IISc, Bangalore); Participants: 100; Topics 26 – 27 March 2010 covered: Neutron diffraction and their Convener: H A Ranganath (NAAC, Bangalore); applications from materials; light scattering from Co-ordinator: K G Srinivasamurthy materials; X-ray diffraction and crystal structure (Visveswarapura College of Science, Bangalore); protein crystallography. Speakers: G Padmanaban, E N Prabhakaran, K J Rao, S Chandrasekaran (IISc, Bangalore), Hema 28. Research paradigms in communication Balaram, Subi Jacob George, Tapas K Kundu, and data engineering M Eswaramurthy (JNCASR, Bangalore); Dr G R Damodaran College of Science, Participants: 211; Topics covered: Chemistry- Coimbatore, 18 – 19 March 2010 biology interface; peptides and small molecules Convener: Ashok Jhunjhunwala (IIT, Madras); in nano-technological applications; protein Co-ordinator: K Vanitha Sidambaranathan engineering; one dimensional nano tubes and their (Coimbatore); Speakers: M V Pitke (Mumbai), applications; green chemistry Copenhagen meet T Devi (Bharathiar University, Coimbatore), on climatic changes; supra molecular synthesis; V S Patwardhan (Opsim Software, Pune), chemical biology and nano technology approach V Saravanan (Dr NGP Institute of Technology, to understand human gene expression – Coimbatore), K Giridhar (IIT, Madras), implications in disease and therapeutics; green D S Nagaraj (IMSc, Chennai), T Senthilkumar chemistry in catalysis. (Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore), V Thavavel (Karunya University, Coimbatore); Participants: 100; Topics covered: Next generation network research issues; research issues in data engineering; design and development of process simulators; inclusive computing using data mining; wireless broadband networks; computational modeling; NS2-principles and 11 BUILDING – ACADEMY GUEST HOUSE AT JALAHALLI

The Academy has been facing difficulties in situation to some extent as it can accommodating teachers and students accommodate an additional 40 or so persons. selected for Summer Research Fellowships Keeping the future requirements in view, the assigned in Bangalore, for some years now. Academy has acquired a plot of land The 3-floor guest house facility, situated in measuring about 10,000 sq.ft. adjacent to the Jalahalli about 8 kms from the Academy office, existing guest house building. is far from adequate to meet the requirements, The assistance rendered by the Director and especially since the numbers selected have Staff of Raman Research Institute in preparing been growing year after year. An additional the plan and construction of additional floors floor comprising 12 rooms constructed and in acquiring the land is acknowledged recently along with some changes made in with gratitude. some rooms on the ground floor will ease the

12 ACADEMY FINANCES

The accounts for the financial year 2009–10 were audited by a firm of chartered accountants. A summary of the income and expenditure for 2009–2010 is given below:

Income Plan/Non Plan Expenditure Plan/Non Plan Rupees Rupees (in lakhs) (in lakhs)

Grant – DST 806.43 Journal printing INSA/NASI 130.40 (including Current Science) 186.08 Subscriptions 101.32 Science education programmes 195.60 Others 13.46 Construction of additional floor 143.96 Deficit 0.01 Salaries 169.12 Annual/mid-year meetings 9.25 Postage 27.65 Others (maintenance of building, equipment, special publications, pension fund, modernization, etc.) 250.86 Surplus 69.10 1051.62 1051.62 ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010

48 13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Academy’s publication activities are activities such as organizing annual meetings largely due to the voluntary and unpaid and discussion meetings and conducting services of Editors, Members of Editorial programmes on science education, etc. The Boards and the large number of reviewers generous financial assistance by Department who examine and comment on manuscripts of Science and Technology has greatly sent to them for opinion. Several Fellows also contributed to the success of the activities contributed their services to other Academy undertaken by the Academy.

TABLE 1 49 Information about published papers in journals (January to December 2009) Vol. no. No. of No. of Total no. of ** issues papers pages in 2009 1. Bulletin of Materials Science 32 6 98 670 L372 2. Current Science 96,97 24 824 3340* K22 3. J. Astrophys. Astron. 30 4 14 210 L204 4. Journal of Biosciences 34 6 98 1027 K202 5. Journal of Chemical Sciences 121 6 125 1122 K460 6. Journal of Earth System Science 118 6 59 752 L250 7. Journal of Genetics 88 3 67 546 K10 8. Pramana 72,73 12 175 2196 L412 9. Proceedings (Math. Sci.) 119 5 61 698 K50 10. Resonance 14 12 103 1186 K96 11. Sadhana – Engg. Sci. 34 6 60 1080 K234

Total - - 1684 12827 L164

* including briefer items such as news, correspondence, etc. ** As compared to last year’s figures TABLE 2 Information on papers submitted for publication (January to December 2009)

Accepted Rejected Pending Total ** 1. Bulletin of Materials Science 134 122 364 620 K139 2. Current Science 517 1647 172 2336* K101 3. J. Astrophys. Astron. 5 38 5 48 K11 4. Journal of Biosciences 76 388 12 476 K23 5. Journal of Chemical Sciences 69 374 21 464 K76 6. Journal of Earth System Science 61 137 41 239 K80 7. Journal of Genetics 72 187 12 271 L2 8. Pramana 186 337 72 595 K110 9. Proceedings (Math. Sci.) 34 195 39 268 K58 10. Resonance 32 59 19 110 L4 11. Sadhana – Engg. Sci. 20 163 66 249 L25

Total 1206 3647 823 5676 K567

* including briefer items such as news, correspondence, etc. ** As compared to last year’s figures

TABLE 3 Circulation details of journals (January to December 2009) Subscription Complimentary Fellows & Total ** Associates India Foreign India Foreign

1. Bulletin of Materials Science 2197a 50 80 20 103 2450 K270 2. Current Science 5351c 306d 153 55 91 5956 K290 3. J. Astrophys. Astron. 1071 150 73 22 65 1381 K192 4. Journal of Biosciences 2084 76 67 100 245 2572 K196 5. Journal of Chemical Sciences 1661 50 85 65 150 2011 K295 6. Journal of Earth System Science 1083 75 56 100 80 1394 K217 7. Journal of Genetics 1533 50 52 33 163 1831 K98 8. Pramana 1983 75 84 45 158 2345 K306 9. Proceedings (Math. Sci.) 1650 75 90 66 86 1967 K285 10. Resonance 5619b 50 188 7 – 5864 L10 11. Sadhana – Engg. Sci. 1479 50 64 30 100 1723 K303

a. Includes about 507 MRSI members in India and abroad ANNUAL REPORT 2009–2010 b. includes about 2153 personal subscribers c. includes about 1573 personal subscribers d. includes about 271 complimentary copies sent to Third World Countries ** As compared to last year’s figures

50 Full-text downloads of Academy journals from SpringerLink (2007–09) 11639 9397 4123 2578 2686 2061 763 974 684 426 2007 45061 26677 26287 24937 21055 19990 14416 7648 5777 4640

2008 51 67288 49245 48071 42248 41712 39140 22821 19003 17131 5987

2009 Pramana Resonance Journal of Genetics J. Astrophys. Astron. Sadhana – Engg. Sci. Journal of Biosciences Proceedings (Math. Sci.) Bulletin of Materials Science Journal of Chemical Sciences Journal of Earth System Science ANNEXURE 1 NEW FELLOWS (effective 1 January 2010)

Arankalle, Vidya A Chakraborti, P K National Institute of Virology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Pune Chandigarh Sp: Virology, molecular biology Sp: Biochemistry and molecular and vaccine; hepatitis viruses; biology; molecular microbiology; emerging-re-emerging viruses. prokaryotic signal transduction

Awasthi, Shally Chattoo, B B Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda Sp: Paediatric pulmonology; Sp: Biotechnology, microbial and infectious and parasitic diseases; molecular genetics; genome clinical trials. analysis; bioprocess development

Bag, A K Indian Journal of History of Chattopadhyay, Nitin Science, Indian National Science Jadavpur University, Kolkata Academy, New Delhi Sp: Photophysics and Sp: History of mathematics, photochemistry; time-resolved astronomy and technology in spectroscopy; fluorosensing; India. photoacoustic spectroscopy

Bhargava, Purnima Centre for Cellular and Molecular Choudhury, Debajyoti Biology, Hyderabad University of Delhi, Delhi Sp: Biochemistry and molecular Sp: High energy physics biology; eukaryotic transcription; epigenetics and chromatin

Bhatt, S J Das, Amitava Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Sp: Banach and topological Research Institute, Bhavnagar algebra; operator algebras and Sp: Supramolecular chemistry and application; harmonic analysis assembly; molecular recognition; interfacial electron transfer

Biswas, Gautam Das, S K Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur University of Hyderabad, ANNEXURE Sp: Enhancement of heat transfer; Hyderabad computational fluid dynamics; Sp: Coordination chemistry; bubble growth in film boiling; free metal-oxide based cluster surface flows; turbomachinery chemistry; inorganic and turbulence supramolecular chemistry

52 Dasgupta, Indranil Govindarajan, Rama University of Delhi South Campus, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for New Delhi Advanced Scientific Research, Sp: Molecular plant–virus Bangalore interactions; transgenic viral Sp: Fluid mechanics resistance in plants; genome organization in plant viruses Haider, S A Physical Research Laboratory, Dighe, R R Ahmedabad Indian Institute of Science, Sp: Planetary atmospheres; Bangalore ionosphere of Mars; Sp: Molecular endocrinology; magnetosphere of Mars reproductive biology; biochemistry

Indrayan, Abhaya Dutta-Gupta, Aparna University College of Medical University of Hyderabad, Sciences, Delhi Hyderabad Sp: Biostatistics; medical statistics; Sp: Insect physiology and medical research methodology biochemistry; invertebrate endocrinology and physiology; comparative physiology and Khanduja, S K endocrinology Panjab University, Chandigarh 53 Sp: Algebra; valuation theory; algebraic number theory Galande, Sanjeev National Centre for Cell Science, Pune Sp: Chromatin biology; gene Khurana, Paramjit regulation; genomics and University of Delhi South Campus, proteomics New Delhi Sp: Plant biotechnology; Ganguli, A K comparative plant genomics; Indian Institute of Technology, molecular basis of plant New Delhi differentiation and morphogenesis Sp: Solid state and materials chemistry; nanomaterials; Kohli, Ravinder Kumar superconducting materials Panjab University, Chandigarh Sp: Experimental ecology; weed Ghosh, Balaram science; plantation forestry and Institute of Genomics & Integrative urban forestry Biology, Delhi Sp: Immunology; genomics; gene Kotha, Sambasivarao regulation Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai Ghosh, Pushpito K Sp: New synthetic methods; Central Salt & Marine Chemicals unnatural amino acids; transition Research Institute, Bhavnagar metals in organic synthesis Sp: Redox processes; colloid and emulsion science; process research Kumar, Anurag Moorthy, J Narasimha Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bangalore Kanpur Sp: Communication networks; Sp: Organic photochemistry; stochastic modelling; analysis and supramolecular chemistry; optimization of distributed organic synthesis systems

Mukhopadhyay, Amitabha A Kumar, Lalit National Institute of Immunology, All India Institute of Medical New Delhi Sciences, New Delhi Sp: Cell biology; host–pathogen Sp: Stem cell transplantation; interactions; drug delivery multiple myeloma (haemato- oncology); gynaecologic oncology Nagaraj, D S The Institute of Mathematical Lele, Ashish K Sciences, Chennai National Chemical Laboratory, Sp: Mathematics; algebraic Pune geometry; vector bundles Sp: Polymer dynamics, rheology and processing; rheology of complex fluids; hydrogels and Narayan, K S gelation processes Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore Maiti, Kalobaran Sp: Organic/polymer electronics; Tata Institute of Fundamental device physics; soft matter Research, Mumbai physics Sp: Correlated electron systems; magnetism and superconductivity; electron Navalgund, R R spectroscopy Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad Sp: Remote sensing; space Mallick, Birendra Nath applications; magnetic resonance Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Sp: Neurobiology; physiology; Pal, A J sleep–wakefulness Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Sp: Organic electronics; device Mondal, Naba Kumar physics; nanomaterials Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai Pati, S K ANNEXURE Sp: Experimental particle physics; accelerator based and non- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for accelerator based particle physics Advanced Scientific Research, and neutrino physics Bangalore Sp: Quantum magnetism; generalized charge transfer; quantum methods development

54 Patra, A K Ravi, V National Atmospheric Research NIMHANS, Bangalore Laboratory, Gadanki Sp: Neurovirology; viral Sp: Ionospheric electrodynamics diagnostics; molecular and plasma instabilities; space epidemiology of viral infections weather, radar probing techniques

Saha-Dasgupta, Tanusri Ramaiah, D S.N. Bose National Centre for National Institute for Basic Sciences, Kolkata Interdisciplinary Science and Sp: Condensed matter physics; Technology, Thiruvananthapuram computational materials science; Sp: Photobiology; biophysical electronic structure calculations chemistry; organic photochemistry Sami, Mohammad Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi Ramamritham, K Sp: Cosmology, higher Indian Institute of Technology, dimensional gravity; high energy Mumbai physics Sp: Databases; real-time systems; use of information and communication technologies for socio-economic development Sane, S S 55 University of Mumbai, Mumbai Ramamurti, V Sp: Finite geometries; design Chennai theory; graph theory Sp: Vibrations; stress analysis

Sankaranarayanan, R Ramamurty, Upadrasta Centre for Cellular and Molecular Indian Institute of Science, Biology, Hyderabad Bangalore Sp: Structural biology; translation Sp: Mechanical behaviour of of the genetic code; enzyme materials; advanced materials; mechanisms nanotechnology Sarin, Apurva Rangarajan, G National Centre for Biological Indian Institute of Science, Sciences, Bangalore Bangalore Sp: Immunology; cell biology; Sp: Nonlinear dynamics and apoptosis chaos; time series analysis; brain machine interface Satheesh, S K Rao, TSSRK Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore Sp: Aerosols; radiation; climate Sp: Mathematics; functional analysis; geometry of Banach spaces Sharma, S K Sowdhamini, R All India Institute of Medical National Centre for Biological Sciences, New Delhi Sciences, Bangalore Sp: Internal medicine; pulmonary Sp: Structural bioinformatics; and critical care medicine; sleep protein domain superfamilies; medicine genome-wide survey and functional annotation of genes

Shivashankar, G V Subramanian, K National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore Inter-University Centre for Sp: Biophysics; cell biology; gene Astronomy and Astrophysics, expression Pune Sp: Cosmic magnetic fields; structure formation; cosmology Sinha, Sudeshna

Indian Institute of Science Yadav, J S Education and Research, Chandigarh Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Sp: Nonlinear dynamics; chaos; complex systems Sp: Total synthesis of biologically active natural products; agrochemicals and pheromones; development of new methodologies for sustainable chemistry

ANNEXURE 2 DECEASED FELLOWS

Anand Kumar, T C Biswas, S (b. 18.01.1936, d. 26.01.2010) (b. 01.07.1924, d. 16.11.2009) Elected: 1981 Elected: 1976 Sp: Human reproduction Sp: Cosmic rays, solar & space physics, high energy astrophysics

Bose, M K Anantharaman, T R (b. 01.09.1933, d. 01.10.2009) (b. 25.11.1927, d. 18.06.2009) Elected: 1981 Elected: 1964 Sp: Igneous petrology, mineralogy, Sp: Physical metallurgy, materials geochemistry technology and India’s scientific

ANNEXURE heritage Chandrashekaran, M K Bhargava, B N (b. 04.01.1937, d. 02.07.2009) (b. 25.12.1919, d. 03.08.2009) Elected: 1983 Elected: 1974 Sp: Chronobiology, animal Sp: Geophysics, geomagnetism, behaviour electronics

56 Grewal, R S Sriramachari, S S (b. 03.12.1922, d. 13.04.2009) (b. 25.06.1925, d. 25.12.2009) Elected: 1975 Elected: 1967 Sp: Pharmacology Sp: Nutritional, hepatic, osteo, neuro & toxicological pathology, human environmental bio- monitoring Kilpady, S Vaidya, P C (b. 13.11.1906, d. 22.12.2008) (b. 23.03.1918, d. 12.03.2010) Elected: 1953 Elected: 1975 Sp: Mineralogy, micropalaeontology Sp: General relativity, gravitation

Nair, K G (b. 02.07.1931, d. 12.03.2010) Viswanathan, K S Elected: 1981 (b. 09.06.1929, d. 05.07.2009) Sp: Clinical cardiology, cardiac Elected: 1956 biochemistry & physiology, Sp: Solid state physics, plasma & general medicine space physics

57 Nasipuri, D (b. 01.04.1925, d. 28.12.2009) HONORARY FELLOWS DECEASED Elected: 1976 Sp: Synthetic & mechanistic Ginzburg, V L organic chemistry, (b. 04.10.1916, d. 08.11.2009) stereochemistry Elected: 1977 Sp: Theoretical physics, (super conductors and super fluids) Nigam, S D (b. 07.05.1924, d. 03.05.2009) Elected: 1975 Sp: Applied mathematics Liepmann, H W (b. 03.07.1914, d. 24.06.2009) Elected: 1985 Sp: Laminar instability, transition, Ramachandra Rao, P turbulence, aerodynamic noise, (b. 21.03.1942, d. 10.01.2010) magneto fluid dynamics and rarefied gas flows Elected: 1985 Sp: Physical metallurgy, materials science, alloy development ANNEXURE 3 NEW ASSOCIATES 2009

Ananth, Sudarshan Dabeer, Onkar Indian Institute of Science Tata Institute of Fundamental Education and Research, Pune Research, Mumbai Sp: Particle physics; gravitational Sp: Wireless communications; physics; quantum field theory estimation theory

Banerjee, Rahul Dewangan, Pawan National Chemical Laboratory, National Institute of Pune Oceanography, Goa Sp: Metal organic frameworks; Sp: Seismic wave propagation in crystal engineering; hydrogen anisotropic medium; exploration storage of gas hydrates; physical properties of shallow marine Bhavesh, Neel Sarovar sediment International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ghosh, Suhrit New Delhi Indian Association for the Sp: Structural biology; NMR Cultivation of Science, Kolkata spectroscopy; biophysical Sp: Polymer chemistry; organic chemistry chemistry; supramolecular chemistry Biswas, K Ramakrishna Mission Gogate, Parag R Vivekananda Univ, Howrah Institute of Chemical Technology, Sp: Holomorphic dynamics; Mumbai complex analysis; Riemann Sp: Process intensification; surfaces cavitational reactors; sonochemistry; waste water Chand, Hum treatment Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital Krishnapur, Manjunath Sp: Extragalactic astronomy: active Indian Institute of Science, galactic nuclei central engine & Bangalore environments; quasar absorption Sp: Probability theory; random lines & cosmological variation of matrices fundamental constants Mahapatra, Santanu Chandran, L Sunil Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Bangalore

ANNEXURE Sp: Computational Sp: Graph theory & graph nanoelectronics; compact algorithms modelling; SET; MOSFET

Chauhan, Santosh Maji, Pradipta Univ. of Texas, Houston Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata Sp: Molecular biology; Sp: Pattern recognition; soft mycobacterium computing and machine learning; medical image processing; bioinformatics 58 Malik, Sudip Roy, Debdas Indian Association for the National Institute of Foundry and Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Forge Technology, Ranchi Sp: Electroluminescent polymers; Sp: Amorphous/nanocrystalline clays; conducting polymers; small material; composite materials; molecular gels biomaterials

Mandal, Sumantra Saha, Binoy K Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Pondicherry University, Research, Kalpakkam Puducherry Sp: Grain-boundary engineering; Sp: Crystal engineering thermo-mechanical processing; materials modelling Saxena, Manoj Mukhopadhyay, Samrat Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, Indian Institute of Science New Delhi Education & Research, Sp: Nanoelectronics; compact Chandigarh analytical device modelling; Sp: Protein folding; misfolding & nanoscale semiconductor device amyloid biology; fluorescence simulation spectroscopy; nanoscale biophysics Singh, Sanjay 59 Indian Institute of Science Nagendran, S Education & Research, Indian Institute of Technology, Chandigarh New Delhi Sp: Inorganic chemistry; main Sp: Low-valent main group group organo-metallics; inorganic chemistry; organometallic catalysis polymers; bio-organometallic chemistry Thilagar, P Indian Institute of Science, Patil, Satish Amrutrao Bangalore Indian Institute of Science, Sp: Main group organometallics; Bangalore polymers & nanomaterials Sp: Conducting polymers; plastic chemistry solar cells; biopolymer for drug delivery; polymer nanocomposite Venugopal, Santhanam Indian Institute of Science, Singh, N D Pradeep Bangalore Indian Institute of Technology, Sp: Nanoparticle engineering; Kharagpur nanoscale device fabrication Sp: Synthesis of new photoremovable protecting groups; functional group photolithography & its Viswanath, S applications, photochemistry of Indian Institute of Science, secondary plant metabolites; solid Bangalore state photochemistry Sp: Infinite dimensional lie algebras; coxeter groups ANNEXURE 4 PLATINUM JUBILEE MEETING I (2–4 July 2009, Hyderabad)

A. Special Lectures 8. Sudip Chattopadhyay, National Institute for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 1. Lalji Singh, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad The role of ZPFs in Arabidopsis ceedling development Genetic diversity in Indian populations and its 9. Y Narahari, Indian Institute of Science, implications in health and disease Bangalore 2. Surendra Prasad, Indian Institute of Games, auctions and market design Technology, New Delhi 10. T Pradeep, Indian Institute of Technology Converting copper into gold - Very high speed digital Chennai subscriber line (VDSL) technology Light emitting clusters of noble metals 11. Bipul Pal, Indian Institute of Science B. Public Lectures Education and Research, Nadia 1. Narendra Luther, Hyderabad Spintronics : A new twist in electronics History and heritage of twin cities 12. P. Sankaran, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai 2. W Selvamurthy, DRDO, New Delhi Maps between Grassmann manifolds Life sciences in service of soldiers 13. G P S Raghava, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh C. Lecture Presentations by Fellows/ GPSR: A resource for genomics, proteomics and Associates systems biology 1. P P Sadhale, Indian Institute of Science, 14. Soniya Nityanand, Sanjay Gandhi PG Institute Bangalore of Medical Sciences, Lucknow A serendipitous discovery of a novel drug target Excitement about mesenchymal stem cells 2. P N Vinayachandran, Indian Institute of 15. Mewa Singh, University of Mysore, Mysore Science, Bangalore How do animal species space out or coexist in their wild Impact of physical processes on Bay of Bengal biology habitats 3. Indranil Manna, Indian Institute of Technology, 16. S N Suresh Babu, Vikram Sarabhai Space Kharagpur Centre Thiruvananthapuram Novelty of nano-dispersed solid alloys and thermal Aerosols and climate fluids 17. Abhijit Mitra, Indian Institute of Technology 4. E Arunan, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Guwahati Making weak bonds and breaking strong bonds with The wireless world: Upcoming trends supersonic techniques 18. P S Mukherjee, Indian Institute of Science, 5. Srikanth Sastry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Bangalore Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore Molecular assemblies of finite shapes: Design and self- Slow dynamics and the glass transition in supercooled assembly via coordination liquids 19. N Mahajan, Physical Research Laboratory, ANNEXURE 6. K Sandeep, TIFR Centre for Applicable Ahmedabad Mathematics, Bangalore Physics of beauty: A window into the known and Inequalities and partial differential equations unknown 7. Rajendra P Roy, National Institute of 20. N Srinivasan, Indian Institute of Science, Immunology, New Delhi Bangalore Sorting out nature’s tools for protein surgery Evolution of protein-protein interactions

60 21. Veena K Parnaik, Centre for Cellular and 23. Aswini Ghosh, Indian Association for the Molecular Biology, Hyderabad Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Novel insights into spatial and functional organization Relaxation dynamics and scaling in glasses and in the cell nucleus nanocomposites 22. S Natarajan, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Are the metal-organic frameworks truly metastable

ANNEXURE 5 PLATINUM JUBILEE MEETING II (12–14 November 2009, Bangalore)

A. Presidential Address 4. Sanjay Sane, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore D Balasubramanian, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad The aerodynamics of flapping flight Stem cell biology and an example of its use in vision science 5. Debashish Chowdhury, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur B. (a) Symposium: Climate Change: An Ant traffic: Marching soldiers or disciplined drivers? Indian Perspective 6. Raghavendra Gadagkar, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 1. J Srinivasan, IISc, Bangalore Communication of social status in a primitively 61 Climate change: science, technology and policy eusocial wasp 2. Pramod Aggarwal, IARI, New Delhi

Climate change and Indian agriculture (c) Symposium: Raman Spectroscopy 3. Mala Rao, Indian Institute of Public Health, 1. H Hamaguchi, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Hyderabad Japan The health impacts of climate change in India Raman spectroscopic view of life 4. Navroz Dubash, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 2. Volker Deckert, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität New Delhi Jena, Germany What should be India’s strategy in the climate Raman spectroscopy beyond the diffraction limit negotiations? 3. A W Parker, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK (b) Symposium: Navigation and Seeing below surfaces: Developments in Raman Communication – What We Can Learn from spectroscopy for chemical and medical analysis Insects 4. S Umapathy, Indian Institute of Science, 1. Raghavendra Gadagkar, Indian Institute of Bangalore Science, Bangalore Raman spectroscopy from physics to biology Introduction 2. Rüdiger Wehner, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland C. Special Lectures A neuroethologist’s look into the cockpit of an insect 1. C N R RAO, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for navigator Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 3. Rohini Balakrishnan, Indian Institute of Emerging India as a great centre of science Science, Bangalore 2. M R S RAO, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Acoustic communication in crickets: from biophysics to Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore behavioural ecology Genomic and system approaches to understand the biology of cellular differentiation and disease D. Public Lectures 11. Anil Grover, University of Delhi, New Delhi 1. Nandan Nilekani (Chairman, Unique Molecular components involved in mounting response Identification Authority of India, New Delhi) to high-temperature stress in rice Unique identification project 12. Chetan E. Chitnis, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New 2. Sir Mark Tully (Former Chief of Bureau, BBC, Delhi New Delhi) Rational design of a malaria vaccine The need for balance in an unbalanced world 13. S Sampath, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore E. Lecture presentations by Fellows/ Interfacial electrochemistry using functionalized Associates surfaces 1. Hemalatha Balaram, JNCASR, Bangalore 14. Vikram Tripathi, Tata Institute of Metabolism in the malarial parasite, Plasmodium Fundamental Research, Mumbai falciparum NMR as a probe for strongly correlated electron 2. R Srianand, Inter-University Centre for behaviour in mesoscopic devices Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune Cold gas at high redshifts 3. D D Dhavale, University of Pune, Pune Iminosugars as glycosidase inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents 4. V Ramgopal Rao, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai Polymer-based sensor systems for healthcare and homeland security applications 5. A Bhardwaj, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram New findings on moon from the SARA experiment on board Chandrayaan-I mission 6. Joydev Chattopadhyay, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata Prey–predator functional response: current research and paradigm shift 7. Jaya S Tyagi, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Unravelling secrets of a sleeping microbe: the curious case of the TB pathogen 8. Srinivasan Kesavan, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai Homogenization and optimal control

ANNEXURE 9. Arun K Nandi, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Multifunctional poly(vinylidene fluoride) using supramolecular interactions 10. T Kavitha, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Efficient graph algorithms

62 STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS 2009–2010

INDIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BANGALORE STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS 2009–2010 OF STATEMENT

64 RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2010

(Amount in rupees) RECEIPTS 2009-2010 2008-2009 I Opening Balances: a) Cash in hand 45,394 93,554 b) Bank balances 28,75,598 10,09,703 II Grants received: a) From Govt. of India 9,00,00,000 4,68,50,000 b) From other sources 1,20,49,965 1,04,30,890 III Income on investments from Earmarked endowment funds 34,02,236 5,68,125 IV Interest received: a) On bank deposits (SB) 3,93,033 4,03,548 b) Loans, advances, etc. 24,000 24,000 V Other Income 1,67,82,457 1,23,13,581 VI Any other receipts: Contribution to corpus fund 1,10,000 8,74,339 VII Investments matured 1,76,00,000 3,25,10,000 65 TOTAL 14,32,82,683 10,50,77,740

PAYMENTS I Expenses: a) Establishment expenses 1,69,11,345 1,34,65,804 b) Administrative expenses 6,14,33,438 4,86,49,273 II Investments and deposits made out of own funds 2,65,00,000 2,79,00,000 III Expenditure on: a) Fixed assets 20,77,225 19,20,740 b) Capital work in progress 1,11,00,000 31,00,000 c) Land 30,00,000 70,00,000 IV Other payments 71,71,231 1,20,931 V Closing balances: a) Cash in hand 37,958 45,394 b) Bank balances 1,50,51,486 28,75,598 TOTAL 14,32,82,683 10,50,77,740

As per our report of even date annexed For B R V GOUD & Co Chartered Accountants Place: Bangalore Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Date: 26.06.2010 (A K Sood) (S Chandrasekaran) (G Chandramohan) (A B Shiva President Treasurer Executive Subramanyam) Secretary Partner INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2010 (Amount in Rupees) Particulars 2009-2010 2008-2009 A. INCOME Plan Non-Plan Plan Non-Plan Grants/subsidies 8,91,83,074 46,22,500 5,25,45,070 41,80,000 Fees/subscriptions Nil 1,01,32,439 Nil 67,32,058 Income from royalty, publications etc. Nil 4,89,930 Nil 9,16,820 Interest earned Nil 3,93,033 Nil 4,03,548 Other income Nil 3,40,104 Nil 1,68,480 Total (A) 8,91,83,074 1,59,78,006 5,25,45,070 1,24,00,906 B. EXPENDITURE Establishment expenses 72,89,317 96,23,028 28,00,000 1,06,65,804 Other administrative expenses 7,49,83,786 63,55,994 5,48,28,410 60,08,306 Total (B) 8,22,73,103 1,59,79,022 5,76,28,410 1,66,74,110 Surplus/(Deficit) 69,09,971 (-)1,016 (-)50,83,340 (-)42,73,204

As per our report of even date annexed For B R V GOUD & Co Chartered Accountants Place: Bangalore Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Date: 26.06.2010 (A K Sood) (S Chandrasekaran) (G Chandramohan) (A B Shiva President Treasurer Executive Subramanyam) Secretary Partner

BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 MARCH 2010 (Amount in Rupees) 31-3-2010 31-3-2009 SOURCES OF FUNDS Corpus/capital fund 11,64,19,731 8,21,95,557 Earmarked/endowment funds 1,20,56,660 90,10,434 Current liabilities and provisions 87,50,938 88,26,038 TOTAL 13,72,27,329 10,00,32,029 ASSETS/APPLICATION OF FUNDS Fixed assets 5,63,98,731 4,04,44,105 Investments: from earmarked/endowment funds 77,00,000 57,00,000 Investments: others 5,43,30,000 4,74,30,000 Current assets, loans, advances etc. 1,87,98,598 64,57,924 TOTAL 13,72,27,329 10,00,32,029

As per our report of even date annexed For B R V GOUD & Co Chartered Accountants

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS 2009–2010 OF STATEMENT Place: Bangalore Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Date: 26.06.2010 (A K Sood) (S Chandrasekaran) (G Chandramohan) (A B Shiva President Treasurer Executive Subramanyam) Secretary Partner

66 PLATINUM JUBILEE MEETING BANGALORE

12–14 November 2009 www.ias.ac.in