Molecular Phylogeny of Ophiognominia Leptostyla Isolates Collected from Iran Based on ITS Nrdna Sequences
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Leaf-Inhabiting Genera of the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales
Studies in Mycology 62 (2008) Leaf-inhabiting genera of the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales M.V. Sogonov, L.A. Castlebury, A.Y. Rossman, L.C. Mejía and J.F. White CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands An institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Leaf-inhabiting genera of the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales STUDIE S IN MYCOLOGY 62, 2008 Studies in Mycology The Studies in Mycology is an international journal which publishes systematic monographs of filamentous fungi and yeasts, and in rare occasions the proceedings of special meetings related to all fields of mycology, biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology and systematics. For instructions for authors see www.cbs.knaw.nl. EXECUTIVE EDITOR Prof. dr Robert A. Samson, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] LAYOUT EDITOR Marianne de Boeij, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] SCIENTIFIC EDITOR S Prof. dr Uwe Braun, Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Pedro W. Crous, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr David M. Geiser, Department of Plant Pathology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A. 16802. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Lorelei L. Norvell, Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Blvd, Portland, OR, U.S.A. -
Anthracnose Common Foliage Disease of Deciduous Trees
Anthracnose Common foliage disease of deciduous trees Pathogen—Anthracnose diseases are caused by a group of morphologically similar fungi that produce cushion-shaped fruiting structures called acervuli (fig. 1). Many of the fungi that cause anthracnose diseases are known for their asexual stage (conidial), but most also have sexual stages. Taxonomy is con- tinually being updated, so scientific names can be confusing. A list of common anthracnose diseases in the Rocky Mountain Region and their hosts is provided in table 1. Hosts—A variety of deciduous trees are susceptible to anthracnose diseases, including ash, basswood, elm, maple, oak, sycamore, and walnut. These diseases are common on shade trees. Marssonina blight of aspen (see the Marssonina Leaf Blight entry in this guide for more information) is an anthracnose-type disease. The fungi that cause anthracnose diseases are host-specific such that one particular fungus can generally only parasitize one host genus. For example, Apiognomonia errabunda causes anthracnose only on species of ash, and A. quercina causes anthracnose only on oaks. Figure 1. Apiognomonia quercina acervuli on the mid-vein of an oak leaf. Photo: Great Plains Agriculture Council. Table 1. Common anthracnose pathogens in the Region by host and part of tree impacted (ref. 3). Host Pathogen Part of tree impacted Ash (especially green) Apiognomonia errabunda Leaves and twigs conidial state = Discula spp. Basswood Apiognomonia tiliae Leaves and twigs Elm Stegophora ulmea Leaves conidial state = Gloeosporium ulmicolum Maple Kabatiella apocrypta Leaves conidial state unknown Oak (especially white) Apiognomonia quercina Leaves, twigs, shoots, and buds conidial state = Discula quercina Sycamore and Apiognomonia veneta Leaves, twigs, shoots, and buds London plane-tree conidial state = Discula spp. -
Susceptibility of Some Walnut Cultivars to Gnomonia Leptostyla and Xanthomonas Arboricola Pv
Original scientific paper Originalan naučni rad UDK: 634.5:632.4(497.2) DOI: 10.7251/AGREN1401041A Susceptibility of Some Walnut Cultivars to Gnomonia leptostyla and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis in Bulgaria Veselin Arnaudov1, Stefan Gandev1, Milena Dimova2 1Fruit Growing Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Abstract The aim of the present research was to study and compare the susceptibility of 13 walnut cultivars – 5 Bulgarian (B), 3 French (F), 2 Hungarian (H), and 3 American (A) – to Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Pierce) Dye, the pathogens causing leaf spot and walnut blight. The study was conducted under natu- ral environmental conditions in a 5-8-year-old walnut collection orchard of the Fruit Growing Institute – Plovdiv, during the period 2006-2010. The evaluation of the attack produced by these pathogens was carried out on different organs leaves and nuts in two periods of the year (June and October). All the studied cultivars were distributed in 6 different levels of susceptibility to a given pathogen based on the degree of attack. The article presents data on the sensitivity of the studied walnut cultivars to the attack to G. leptostyla (Fr.) and X. arboricola pv. juglandis (Pierce) Dye and discusses the results obtained. Key words: Juglans regia, cultivars, leaf spot, walnut blight, infection Introduction The English (Persian) walnut (Juglans regia L., Juglans andaceae) is attacked by great number of diseases. Among all known walnut diseases Agroznanje, vol. 15, br. 1, 2014, 41-54 41 at present the greatest economic importance in the climatic conditions in Bulgaria have walnut bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. -
Inhibition of Ophiognomonia Clavigignenti-Juglandacearum by Reagent Grade Naphthoquinones
INHIBITION OF OPHIOGNOMONIA CLAVIGIGNENTI- JUGLANDACEARUM BY JUGLANS SPECIES BARK EXTRACTS M.E. Ostry and M. Moore1 Abstract.—A rapid and reliable screening technique is needed for selecting trees with resistance to butternut canker. In a laboratory assay, reagent grade naphthoquinones and crude bark extracts of Juglans species variously inhibited spore germination and growth of Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum, the causal fungus of butternut canker. The in vitro disc assay revealed that the level of inhibition varied by naphthoquinones and by extracts from different species of Juglans and selections of butternut. Ranking the trees by the level of inhibition approximated their level of resistance observed in past assays based on challenging the trees with the fungus through wounds and their response to natural infection in the field. Butternut is known to produce naphthoquinone compounds with antimicrobial activity. These compounds, if produced at different concentrations, may account for the observed range of inhibition levels in the assay and variation in canker resistance among selections of butternut in the field. This assay may have potential use for selecting butternut with disease resistance for conservation and restoration purposes. Concern over the rapid loss of butternut (Juglans tests (Orchard et al. 1982; Ostry and Moore 2007, cinerea) to butternut canker caused by Ophiognomonia 2008). Among the species tested, heartnut (Juglans clavigignenti-juglandacearum (OCJ) (=Sirococcus ailantifolia var. cordiformis) and black -
Generic Reclassification and Speciation
Persoonia 33, 2014: 61–82 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684212 Stilbosporaceae resurrected: generic reclassification and speciation H. Voglmayr1, W.M. Jaklitsch1 Key words Abstract Following the abolishment of dual nomenclature, Stilbospora is recognised as having priority over Prosthecium. The type species of Stilbospora, S. macrosperma, is the correct name for P. ellipsosporum, the type Alnecium species of Prosthecium. The closely related genus Stegonsporium is maintained as distinct from Stilbospora based Calospora on molecular phylogeny, morphology and host range. Stilbospora longicornuta and S. orientalis are described as Calosporella new species from Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis, respectively. They differ from the closely related Stilbospora ITS macrosperma, which also occurs on Carpinus, by longer, tapering gelatinous ascospore appendages and by dis- LSU tinct LSU, ITS rDNA, rpb2 and tef1 sequences. The asexual morphs of Stilbospora macrosperma, S. longicornuta molecular phylogeny and S. orientalis are morphologically indistinguishable; the connection to their sexual morphs is demonstrated by Phaeodiaporthe morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. Both morphs rpb2 of the three Stilbospora species on Carpinus are described and illustrated. Other species previously recognised in systematics Prosthecium, specifically P. acerophilum, P. galeatum and P. opalus, are determined to belong to and are formally tef1 transferred to Stegonsporium. Isolates previously recognised as Stegonsporium pyriforme (syn. Prosthecium pyri forme) are determined to consist of three phylogenetically distinct lineages by rpb2 and tef1 sequence data, two of which are described as new species (S. protopyriforme, S. pseudopyriforme). Stegonsporium pyriforme is lectotypified and this species and Stilbospora macrosperma are epitypified. -
Anthracnose Disease of Walnut- a Review Mudasir Hassan, Khurshid Ahmad
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue -5, Sep-Oct- 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.5.6 ISSN: 2456-1878 Anthracnose Disease of Walnut- A Review Mudasir Hassan, Khurshid Ahmad Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, 191 121, Jammu & Kashmir, India Abstract— Walnut (Juglans regia) an important originated in Iran from where it was distributed throughout commercial dry fruit crop, is attacked by several diseases the world (Arora, 1985). It is mainly grown in china, USA causing economic damage and amongst them walnut and Iran, whereas India stands seventh in production anthracnose caused by Marssonina juglandis (Lib.) Magnus accounting upto 2.14 per cent of the world walnut has posed a serious threat to this crop in India and abroad. production (Anonymous, 2010). In India, walnut is grown Walnut anthracnose results in reduction in quantitative in Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal parameters such as size, mass and actual crop of nuts, Pradesh and Uttarakhand. In J&K, Walnut is grown in failure in metabolic processes in leaves and change in Badrawah, Poonch, Kupwara, Baramulla, Bandipora, biochemical indices. Premature loss of leaves results in Ganderbal, Budgam, Srinagar, Anantnag and other hilly poorly-filled, low-quality, and darkened kernels. The areas occupying an area of 83,219 ha with an annual disease initially appears on leaves as brown to black production of 20,873 tonnes (Anonymous, 2012). Jammu coloured circular to irregularly circular spots. These spots and Kashmir State has attained a special place in the eventually enlarge and coalesce into large necrotic areas. -
Phylogenetic Placement and Taxonomic Review of the Genus Cryptosporella and Its Synonyms Ophiovalsa and Winterella (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales)
mycological research 112 (2008) 23–35 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Phylogenetic placement and taxonomic review of the genus Cryptosporella and its synonyms Ophiovalsa and Winterella (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) Luis C. MEJI´Aa,b,*, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYb, Amy Y. ROSSMANb, Mikhail V. SOGONOVa,b, James F. WHITEa aDepartment of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA bSystematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA article info abstract Article history: The type species of Cryptosporella, C. hypodermia, and Ophiovalsa, O. suffusa, as well as Received 29 December 2006 closely related species were studied using morphological, cultural, and DNA sequence Accepted 18 March 2007 characteristics. DNA sequence data from three different loci (ITS, LSU, and RPB2) suggest Corresponding Editor: Rajesh Jeewon that C. hypodermia and O. suffusa are congeneric within the Gnomoniaceae (Diaporthales). This result is supported by similarities in perithecial, ascal and ascospore morphology, Keywords: and lifestyles characterized as initially endophytic, becoming saprobic as plant tissues Disculina die. Furthermore, both type species produce Disculina anamorphs. A review of the literature Endophyte indicates that the generic name Cryptosporella has priority over Ophiovalsa and its synonym Pyrenomycetes Winterella sensu Reid & Booth (1987). A redescription of the genus Cryptosporella is included, RNA polymerase as well as a description of C. hypodermia, C. suffusa, the type species of Ophiovalsa, a brief Systematics account of the other seven species accepted in Cryptosporella, and a key to species of Cryp- tosporella. Eight new combinations are established: C. alnicola (Fr.) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; C. -
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Udayanga et al. IMA Fungus (2021) 12:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00069-9 IMA Fungus RESEARCH Open Access Molecular reassessment of diaporthalean fungi associated with strawberry, including the leaf blight fungus, Paraphomopsis obscurans gen. et comb. nov. (Melanconiellaceae) Dhanushka Udayanga1* , Shaneya D. Miriyagalla1, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda2, Kim S. Lewers3, Alain Gardiennet4 and Lisa A. Castlebury5 ABSTRACT Phytopathogenic fungi in the order Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) cause diseases on numerous economically important crops worldwide. In this study, we reassessed the diaporthalean species associated with prominent diseases of strawberry, namely leaf blight, leaf blotch, root rot and petiole blight, based on molecular data and morphological characters using fresh and herbarium collections. Combined analyses of four nuclear loci, 28S ribosomal DNA/large subunit rDNA (LSU), ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S ribosomal DNA (ITS), partial sequences of second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), were used to reconstruct a phylogeny for these pathogens. Results confirmed that the leaf blight pathogen formerly known as Phomopsis obscurans belongs in the family Melanconiellaceae and not with Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) or any other known genus in the order. A new genus Paraphomopsis is introduced herein with a new combination, Paraphomopsis obscurans, to accommodate the leaf blight fungus. Gnomoniopsis fragariae comb. nov. (Gnomoniaceae), is introduced to accommodate Gnomoniopsis fructicola, the cause of leaf blotch of strawberry. Both of the fungi causing leaf blight and leaf blotch were epitypified. Fresh collections and new molecular data were incorporated for Paragnomonia fragariae (Sydowiellaceae), which causes petiole blight and root rot of strawberry and is distinct from the above taxa. -
Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales), Including Twenty-five New Species in This Highly Diverse Genus
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235747821 Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales), including twenty-five new species in this highly diverse genus Article in Fungal diversity · November 2012 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-012-0200-y CITATIONS READS 24 859 5 authors, including: Donald Walker Luis C Mejía Middle Tennessee State University Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia 51 PUBLICATIONS 1,001 CITATIONS 52 PUBLICATIONS 2,204 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE James F White Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 588 PUBLICATIONS 10,883 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Study of endophytism of E. coli (GFP transformed bacteria) in Bermuda, Poa and tomato seedlings. View project Endophytes of Browntop Millet View project All content following this page was uploaded by James F White on 26 June 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225-012-0200-y Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales), including twenty-five new species in this highly diverse genus Donald M. Walker & Lisa A. Castlebury & Amy Y. Rossman & Luis C. Mejía & James F. White Received: 4 May 2012 /Accepted: 26 July 2012 # Mushroom Research Foundation 2012 Abstract Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting descriptions and illustrations are provided for 12 other spe- endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes that infect plants in cies of Ophiognomonia. A key is provided to the 45 cur- the families Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, rently accepted species of Ophiognomonia. -
An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented In
An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Django Grootmyers The Ohio State University April 2021 1 ABSTRACT Fungi are a large and diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that play important roles in nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. Fungi are poorly documented compared to plants in Ohio despite 197 years of collecting activity, and an attempt to compile all the species of fungi known from Ohio has not been completed since 1894. This paper compiles the species of fungi currently known from Ohio based on vouchered fungal collections available in digitized form at the Mycology Collections Portal (MyCoPortal) and other online collections databases and new collections by the author. All groups of fungi are treated, including lichens and microfungi. 69,795 total records of Ohio fungi were processed, resulting in a list of 4,865 total species-level taxa. 250 of these taxa are newly reported from Ohio in this work. 229 of the taxa known from Ohio are species that were originally described from Ohio. A number of potentially novel fungal species were discovered over the course of this study and will be described in future publications. The insights gained from this work will be useful in facilitating future research on Ohio fungi, developing more comprehensive and modern guides to Ohio fungi, and beginning to investigate the possibility of fungal conservation in Ohio. INTRODUCTION Fungi are a large and very diverse group of organisms that play a variety of vital roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems: as decomposers (Lindahl, Taylor and Finlay 2002), mycorrhizal partners of plant species (Van Der Heijden et al. -
The Genome of the Butternut Canker Pathogen, Ophiognomonia
The genome of the butternut canker pathogen, Ophiognomonia clavigignenti- juglandacearum shows an elevated number of genes associated with secondary metabolism and protection from host resistance responses Guangxi Wu1, Taruna A. Schuelke2, Gloria Iriarte3 and Kirk Broders3 1 Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 2 Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA 3 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama ABSTRACT Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j) is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes canker and branch dieback diseases in the hardwood tree butternut, Juglans cinerea. Oc-j is a member of the order of Diaporthales, which includes many other plant pathogenic species, several of which also infect hardwood tree species. In this study, we sequenced the genome of Oc-j and achieved a high-quality assembly and delineated its phylogeny within the Diaporthales order using a genome-wide multi-gene approach. We also further examined multiple gene families that might be involved in plant pathogenicity and degradation of complex biomass, which are relevant to a pathogenic life-style in a tree host. We found that the Oc-j genome contains a greater number of genes in these gene families compared to other species in the Diaporthales. These gene families include secreted CAZymes, kinases, cytochrome P450, efflux pumps, and secondary metabolism gene clusters. The large numbers of these genes provide -
Juglans Regia L.) on Various Localities of Slovakia
http://www.trakya.edu.tr/Enstituler/FenBilimleri/fenbilder/index.php Trakya Univ J Sci, 6(1): 19-27, 2005 ISSN 1302 647X DIC: 131GJNS610506050705 Research Article/Araştırma Makalesi OCCURRENCE AND SPREAD OF THE PARASITIC MICROSCOPIC FUNGI ON WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.) ON VARIOUS LOCALITIES OF SLOVAKIA Gabriela JUHÁSOVÁ, Helena IVANOVÁ, Jozef SPIŠÁK Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen Branch of Woody Plants Biology, Akademická 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovak Republic. Phone 0042-37-7335738, Fax 00421-37-73356 96, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received : 25.02.2004 Accepted : 01.07.2004 Abstract: During 2000-2003 the health condition of Juglans regia L. in the urban environment of the 43 locali- ties of Slovakia was evaluated in relation to the location of the trees and the assessment of occurrence, spread and harmfulness of parasitic fungi. We detected on stem the following pathogens: Melanconium juglandinum Kunze, Cytospora juglandina Sacc., Gibberella baccata (Wallr.) Sacc., Phoma juglandis (Preuss.) Sacc., Nec- tria cinnobarina (Tode ex Fr.) Fr. with conidial state Tubercularia vulgaris Tode. On branches: Melanconium juglandinum (Kunze), Cytospora juglandina Sacc., Gibberella baccata (Wallr.) Sacc., Phoma juglandis (Preuss.) Sacc., Nectria cinnobarina (Tode ex Fr.) Fr. with conidial state Tubercularia vulgaris Tode, Diplodina juglandina Hollós, Dothiorella gregaria Sacc. On leaves: Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. et de Not. and ana- morph Marssonina juglandis (Lieb.) Magn., Ascochyta juglandis Boltsh., Microstroma juglandis (Bér.) Sacc., Mycosphaerella juglandis K. J. Kessler, anamorph Cylindrosporium juglandis F. A. Wolf, Cryptosporium ni- grum Bon. and on fruits: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz & Sacc. teleomorph Glomerella cingu- lata Stoneman (Spauld.