DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetic Placement and Taxonomic Review of the Genus Cryptosporella and Its Synonyms Ophiovalsa and Winterella (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetic Placement and Taxonomic Review of the Genus Cryptosporella and Its Synonyms Ophiovalsa and Winterella (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) mycological research 112 (2008) 23–35 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Phylogenetic placement and taxonomic review of the genus Cryptosporella and its synonyms Ophiovalsa and Winterella (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) Luis C. MEJI´Aa,b,*, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYb, Amy Y. ROSSMANb, Mikhail V. SOGONOVa,b, James F. WHITEa aDepartment of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA bSystematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA article info abstract Article history: The type species of Cryptosporella, C. hypodermia, and Ophiovalsa, O. suffusa, as well as Received 29 December 2006 closely related species were studied using morphological, cultural, and DNA sequence Accepted 18 March 2007 characteristics. DNA sequence data from three different loci (ITS, LSU, and RPB2) suggest Corresponding Editor: Rajesh Jeewon that C. hypodermia and O. suffusa are congeneric within the Gnomoniaceae (Diaporthales). This result is supported by similarities in perithecial, ascal and ascospore morphology, Keywords: and lifestyles characterized as initially endophytic, becoming saprobic as plant tissues Disculina die. Furthermore, both type species produce Disculina anamorphs. A review of the literature Endophyte indicates that the generic name Cryptosporella has priority over Ophiovalsa and its synonym Pyrenomycetes Winterella sensu Reid & Booth (1987). A redescription of the genus Cryptosporella is included, RNA polymerase as well as a description of C. hypodermia, C. suffusa, the type species of Ophiovalsa, a brief Systematics account of the other seven species accepted in Cryptosporella, and a key to species of Cryp- tosporella. Eight new combinations are established: C. alnicola (Fr.) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; C. betulae (Tul. & C. Tul.) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; C. confusa (Reid & Booth) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; C. corylina (Tul. & C. Tul.) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; C. femoralis (Peck) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; C. suffusa (Fr.) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; C. tiliae (Tul. & C. Tul.) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov.; and C. wehmeyeriana (Reid & Booth) L.C. Mejı´a & Castleb., comb. nov. ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction branches, their fruiting bodies are inconspicuous, appearing as raised bumps as they develop underneath bark, eventually Species in the genus Cryptosporella,asOphiovalsa and Winter- evident as short, black beaks erumpent through the bark sur- ella (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales), are known throughout the face. These species are also encountered as endophytes on temperate regions, especially North America Europe and their hardwood hosts, producing their Disculina anamorphic Japan, as saprobes, endophytes, and occasionally, as patho- states in culture (Barengo et al. 2000; Ganley et al. 2004). gens on hardwood trees especially Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Tilia, The genus Cryptosporella was described by Saccardo (1877) and Ulmus (Barr 1978; Chlebicki 2002; Glawe & Jensen 1986; to distinguish fungi that were classified as Cryptospora Tulasne Green 2004; Kobayashi 1970; Reid & Booth 1987, 1989; Spauld- & Tulasne (1863), but differed in ascospore shape. At that time ing 1961). Usually sporulating on small, overwintered species of Cryptospora were distinguished by having one to * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] 0953-7562/$ – see front matter ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.021 24 L. C. Mejı´a et al. several-celled, long cylindrical ascospores. Based on the type used to store collection information and images and to mea- species Cryptosporella hypodermia, Cryptosporella was defined sure specimen structures as described by Sogonov (2005). by having species with hyaline, one-celled, oval to fusoid as- Cultures derived from recent collections and collections cospores. The distinction of these two genera based on shape made during the course of this study were obtained by means and size of ascospores was accepted by many mycologists of single spore isolation on corn meal agar (CMA, Sigma, (Arx & Mu¨ ller 1954; Barr 1978, 1991; Berlese 1900; Dennis St. Louis, MO) supplemented with antibiotics (1 % solution 1978; Ho¨ hnel 1917, 1918; Munk 1957; Traverso 1906; Wehmeyer 0.2 % streptomycin sulphate, and 0.2 % neomycin). Type spec- 1926). Other scientists (Ellis & Everhart 1892; Winter 1887) rec- imens of C. hypodermia and O. suffusa were sectioned for de- ognized Cryptosporella as a subgenus of Cryptospora and consid- tailed observation of perithecial structures. Small pieces of ered that shared characteristics such as arrangement and the substrata containing perithecia were excised and boiled position of perithecia, perithecial neck, habit, type of stroma, in distilled water for hydration during 90 min and left over- and asci were enough to retain these taxa in a single genus. night. For histological studies, tissue was prepared as in Petrak (1966) erected the genus Ophiovalsa based on Crypto- Torres et al. (2005). In brief, tissue was dehydrated in ethanol, spora suffusa when he realized that Cryptospora Tulasne & embedded in LR WhiteÒ acrylic resin, sectioned in slices of Tulasne 1863 was a later homonym of Cryptospora Karelin & 4 mm using glass knives, and stained in aniline blue (0.1 % Kirilow 1842 in the Brassicaceae. Reid & Booth (1987, 1989) aqueous) followed by toluidine blue (0.1 % aqueous) for 20 s treated C. hypodermia as congeneric with O. suffusa and placed in each stain. these two species and others in the genus Winterella. Discrep- Cultural studies ancies regarding the generic concepts and uncertainty as to which morphological traits to use for differentiating genera Cultures were plated in duplicate on three different media: and species, coupled with poor scientific communication dur- malt extract agar (MEA, Bacto, Becton, Dickinson & Co., ing the 1800s and first half of the 1900s, may have contributed Sparks, MD), potato dextrose agar (PDA, Difco, Becton, Dickin- to several nomenclatural and taxonomic problems related to son & Co., Sparks, MD), and CMA. Agar plugs 5 mm in diam these taxa that still persist today (see Discussion below). from the edge of actively growing colonies were used as inoc- A review of the order Diaporthales by Castlebury et al. (2002) ula for cultural studies. Cultures were grown at 23 C under based on LSU rDNA sequences revealed that O. suffusa and 12 h UV/white light and 12 h of dark. Radial growth measure- Cryptosporella hypodermia are closely related within the Gnomo- ments and phenotypic character observations were made at niaceae, but the details of this relationship were not resolved. 7, 14, and 21 d after plating. Two perpendicular colony diame- Additional DNA sequence data and morphological observa- ter measurements were made for each culture replicate. The tions suggest that several species described in these genera colony diameter presented represents the average of all mea- are congeneric. In order to determine the relationship of surements for a particular species. Colours assigned to colo- Ophiovalsa based on O. suffusa, including Winterella sensu nies are based on the colour chart by Rayner (1970). Reid & Booth (1987) with Cryptosporella based on C. hypodermia, both molecular and morphological evidence were obtained. A DNA extraction and PCR amplification redescription of the genus Cryptosporella and its type species, C. hypodermia, as well as the type species of Ophiovalsa, and One square centimetre of mycelium was scraped from the sur- an account of the genus as a whole is presented. face of actively growing cultures (about one-week old) and used for DNA extractions. Mycelium was lysed using Fast Prep FP120 (Thermo Electron Corporation, Milford, MA) or liquid nitrogen. Material and methods DNA was extracted using DNAeasy Plant mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CAUSA) or Puregene DNA Isolation kit (Gentra Systems, Morphological observations Minneapolis, MN) following the manufacturers’ instructions. The ITS regions 1 and 2, including 5.8 S rDNA ITS DNA, were Specimens representing species of Winterella sensu Reid & amplified with primers ITS5 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990). A re- Booth (1987) and the type species Ophiovalsa suffusa and Cryp- gion in the RNA polymerase second LSU (RPB2) was amplified tosporella hypodermia were examined. Morphological observa- with primers fRPB2-5F and fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al. 1999). LSU tions included macroscopic appearance and microscopic rDNA was amplified using primers LR0R and LR7 (Rehner & characters, such as size, shape, colour and arrangement of Samuels 1994; Vilgalys & Hester 1990). Amplifications were asci, ascospores, perithecial wall, and perithecial ostiolar tis- carried out in 50-ml reactions on an iCyclerÔ thermal cycler sues. Specimens were observed with a Zeiss SV 11 Apo (Carl (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) under the following reac- Zeiss, NY) dissecting microscope and Zeiss Axiophot micro- tion conditions: 5–15 ng genomic DNA, 200 mM each dNTP, 2.5 scope (Carl Zeiss) with conventional brightfield or Nomarski units Amplitaq (Perkin Elmer), 2 mM of each primer and the sup- differential interference contrast microscopy. Perithecia and plied 10Â buffer with 15 mM MgCl2. The thermal cycler pro- pycnidia were placed in a drop of 3 % aqueous potassium hy- gram for ITS was as follows: 2 min at 94 C followed by 35 droxide
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distribution of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Fungi and Conservation of the Free- 2 Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductase in Multicellular Eukaryotes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi and conservation of the free- 2 methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase in multicellular eukaryotes 3 4 Hayat Hage1, Marie-Noëlle Rosso1, Lionel Tarrago1,* 5 6 From: 1Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 7 Marseille, France. 8 *Correspondence: Lionel Tarrago ([email protected]) 9 10 Running title: Methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi 11 12 Keywords: fungi, genome, horizontal gene transfer, methionine sulfoxide, methionine sulfoxide 13 reductase, protein oxidation, thiol oxidoreductase. 14 15 Highlights: 16 • Free and protein-bound methionine can be oxidized into methionine sulfoxide (MetO). 17 • Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) reduce MetO in most organisms. 18 • Sequence characterization and phylogenomics revealed strong conservation of Msr in fungi. 19 • fRMsr is widely conserved in unicellular and multicellular fungi. 20 • Some msr genes were acquired from bacteria via horizontal gene transfers. 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • Lobo MTMPS (2019) First Record of Tetraspora Gelatinosa (Vaucher) Desvaux (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyceae) in the State of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil
    15 1 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 15 (1): 143–147 https://doi.org/10.15560/15.1.143 First record of Tetraspora gelatinosa Link ex Desvaux (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyceae) in the state of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil Weliton José da Silva1, Ina de Souza Nogueira2, Maria Tereza Morais Pereira Souza Lobo3 1 Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Laboratório de Microalgas Continentais, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Análise de Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos, Alameda Palmeiras Quadra I - Lote i2, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Laboratório de Análise de Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos, Alameda Palmeiras Quadra I - Lote i2, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Corresponding author: Weliton José da Silva, [email protected] Abstract Tetraspora gelatinosa is rare and has been recorded only in 3 Brazilian states since the 2000s. The flora of the state of Goiás is incipiently known, but there is no record of Tetraspora thus far. We record the occurrence of T. gelatinosa in Goiás and characterize this species’ morphology and ecological preferences. Specimens were found in the Samambaia Reservoir, Goiânia, Goiás. Physical and chemical characteristics of the water were measured. Where T. gelatinosa was found, the water was shallow and characterized as ultraoligotrophic. These conditions agree with those reported for other environments in Brazil. Key words Algae, Meia Ponte river basin, new record, rare species, ultraoligotrophic.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Severity of Alder Phytophthora in Alaska1
    Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Fourth Science Symposium Distribution and Severity of Alder 1 Phytophthora in Alaska G.C. Adams,2 M. Catal,2 and L. Trummer3 Abstract In Alaska, an unprecedented dieback and mortality of Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia has occurred which stimulated an effort to determine causal agents of the disease. In Europe, similar dieback and mortality of Alnus incana and Alnus glutinosa has been attributed to root rot by a spectrum of newly emergent strains in the hybrid species Phytophthora alni. The variable hybrids of P. alni were grouped into three subspecies: P. alni ssp. alni (PAA), P. alni ssp. multiformis (PAM), and P. alni ssp. uniformis (PAU). From 2007 to 2008, we conducted a survey of Phytophthora species at 30 locations with stream baiting as used in the 2007 national Phytophthora ramorum Early Detection Survey for Forests in the United States. Additionally, Phytophthora species from saturated rhizosphere soil beneath alder stands were baited in situ using rhododendron leaves. We discovered PAU in rhizosphere soils in 2007 at two sample locations in unmanaged stands hundreds of miles apart, on the Kenai Peninsula and near Denali National Park. PAA was reported to be the most aggressive and pathogenic to alders and PAM and PAU were significantly less aggressive than PAA, though still pathogenic. To ascertain whether PAU was of restricted distribution due to recent introduction, or widespread distribution, we extended the survey in 2008 to 81 locations. Intensive sampling was conducted at five alder stands exhibiting dieback and 10 alder genets per location were excavated to expose nearly the entire root system for evaluation of the severity of root rot, ELISA detection of Phytophthora in diseased roots, and isolation of Phytophthora species.
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains
    United States Department of Agriculture Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-335 November 2016 Bergdahl, Aaron D.; Hill, Alison, tech. coords. 2016. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-335. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 229 p. Abstract Hosts, distribution, symptoms and signs, disease cycle, and management strategies are described for 84 hardwood and 32 conifer diseases in 56 chapters. Color illustrations are provided to aid in accurate diagnosis. A glossary of technical terms and indexes to hosts and pathogens also are included. Keywords: Tree diseases, forest pathology, Great Plains, forest and tree health, windbreaks. Cover photos by: James A. Walla (top left), Laurie J. Stepanek (top right), David Leatherman (middle left), Aaron D. Bergdahl (middle right), James T. Blodgett (bottom left) and Laurie J. Stepanek (bottom right). To learn more about RMRS publications or search our online titles: www.fs.fed.us/rm/publications www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/ Background This technical report provides a guide to assist arborists, landowners, woody plant pest management specialists, foresters, and plant pathologists in the diagnosis and control of tree diseases encountered in the Great Plains. It contains 56 chapters on tree diseases prepared by 27 authors, and emphasizes disease situations as observed in the 10 states of the Great Plains: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The need for an updated tree disease guide for the Great Plains has been recog- nized for some time and an account of the history of this publication is provided here.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaf-Inhabiting Genera of the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales
    Studies in Mycology 62 (2008) Leaf-inhabiting genera of the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales M.V. Sogonov, L.A. Castlebury, A.Y. Rossman, L.C. Mejía and J.F. White CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands An institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Leaf-inhabiting genera of the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales STUDIE S IN MYCOLOGY 62, 2008 Studies in Mycology The Studies in Mycology is an international journal which publishes systematic monographs of filamentous fungi and yeasts, and in rare occasions the proceedings of special meetings related to all fields of mycology, biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology and systematics. For instructions for authors see www.cbs.knaw.nl. EXECUTIVE EDITOR Prof. dr Robert A. Samson, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] LAYOUT EDITOR Marianne de Boeij, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] SCIENTIFIC EDITOR S Prof. dr Uwe Braun, Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr Pedro W. Crous, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. dr David M. Geiser, Department of Plant Pathology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, U.S.A. 16802. E-mail: [email protected] Dr Lorelei L. Norvell, Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Blvd, Portland, OR, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characterization of Strawberry Pathogen Gnomonia Fragariae and Its Genetic Relatedness to Other Gnomonia Species and Members of Diaporthales
    mycological research 111 (2007) 603–614 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Molecular characterization of strawberry pathogen Gnomonia fragariae and its genetic relatedness to other Gnomonia species and members of Diaporthales Inga MOROCˇKOa,b,*, Jamshid FATEHIa aMASE Laboratories AB, Box 148, S-751 04, Uppsala, Sweden bDepartment of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden article info abstract Article history: Gnomonia fragariae is a poorly studied ascomycete belonging to Diaporthales. Originally Received 11 September 2006 G. fragariae was considered a saprophyte occurring on dead tissues of strawberry plants. Received in revised form Recently this fungus was found in Latvia and Sweden, and it was proven to be the cause 14 February 2007 of severe root rot and petiole blight of strawberry. Thirteen isolates of this pathogen and Accepted 9 March 2007 several other Gnomonia species occurring on rosaceous hosts were characterized by molec- Published online 19 March 2007 ular analysis using nucleotide sequences of partial LSU rRNA gene and the total ITS region. Corresponding Editor: The homologous regions from relevant diaporthalean taxa available in the GenBank were David L. Hawksworth also included and compared with the taxa sequenced in this study. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that G. fragariae, G. rubi, and Gnomonia sp. (CBS 850.79) were genetically different Keywords: from G. gnomon, the type species of the genus, and other members of Gnomoniaceae. The Fragaria analyses showed that G. fragariae and Hapalocystis were genetically very closely related, Gnomoniaceae forming a phylogenetic clade, which is possibly presenting a new family in the Diaporthales.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Phytotaxa 253 (4): 285–292 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.253.4.4 Cryptosporella platyphylla, a new species associated with Betula platyphylla in China XIN-LEI FAN1, ZHUO DU 1, KEVIN D. HYDE 3, YING-MEI LIANG 2, YAN-PIING PAN 4 & CHENG-MING TIAN1* 1The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 3Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 4Beijing Municipal Forestry Protection Station, Beijing 100029, China *Correspondence author: [email protected] Abstract Members of Cryptosporella are well-known as common endophytes, and occasionally, as pathogens on a narrow range of hosts in Betulaceae, Tiliaceae and Ulmaceae. Two fresh specimens associated with canker and dieback of Betula platyphylla were made in Beijing, China in 2015. Morphological and multi-gene, combined, phylogenetic analyses (ITS, tef1-α and β-tub) support these speciemens as a distinct and new species of Cryptosporella, from a unique host, Betula platyphylla. Cryptosporella platyphylla sp. nov. is introduced with an illustrated account and differs from similar species in its host as- sociation and multigene phylogeny. Key words: Diaporthales, Disculina, Gnomoniaceae, systematics, taxonomy Introduction Cryptosporella was introduced by Saccardo (1877) and was distinguished from Cryptospora based on the morphology of the ascospores. The genus subsequently entered a long period of confusion with the gnomoniaceous genera Ophiovalsa Petr. and Winterella (Sacc.) O.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2006 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America
    Supplement to Mycologia Vol. 57(5) October 2006 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America — In This Issue — RCN: A Phylogeny for Kingdom Fungi (Deep Hypha)1 RCN: A Phylogeny for Kingdom Fungi By Meredith Blackwell, (Deep Hypha) . 1 Joey Spatafora, and John Taylor MSA Business . 4 “Fungi have a profound impact on global ecosystems. They modify our habitats and are essential for many ecosystem func- Mycological News . 18 tions. For example they are among the biological agents that form soil, recycle nutrients, decay wood, enhance plant growth, Mycologist’s Bookshelf . 31 and cull plants from their environment. They feed us, poison us, Mycological Classifieds . 36 parasitize us until death, and cure us. Still other fungi destroy our crops, homes, libraries, and even data CDs. For practical Mycology On-Line . 37 and intellectual reasons it is important to provide a phylogeny of fungi upon which a classification can be firmly based. A Calender of Events . 37 phylogeny is the framework for retrieving information on 1.5 million species and gives a best estimation of the manner in Sustaining Members . 39 which fungal evolution proceeded in relation to other organ- isms. A stable classification is needed both by mycologists and other user groups. The planning of a broad-scale phylogeny is — Important Dates — justified on the basis of the importance of fungi as a group, the poor current state of their knowledge, and the willingness of October 15 Deadline: united, competent researchers to attack the problem. Inoculum 57(6) “If only 80,000 of an estimated 1.5 million fungi are August 4-9, 2007: known, we must continue to discover missing diversity not only MSA Meeting at lower taxonomic levels but higher levels as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequencing Abstracts Msa Annual Meeting Berkeley, California 7-11 August 2016
    M S A 2 0 1 6 SEQUENCING ABSTRACTS MSA ANNUAL MEETING BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 7-11 AUGUST 2016 MSA Special Addresses Presidential Address Kerry O’Donnell MSA President 2015–2016 Who do you love? Karling Lecture Arturo Casadevall Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Thoughts on virulence, melanin and the rise of mammals Workshops Nomenclature UNITE Student Workshop on Professional Development Abstracts for Symposia, Contributed formats for downloading and using locally or in a Talks, and Poster Sessions arranged by range of applications (e.g. QIIME, Mothur, SCATA). 4. Analysis tools - UNITE provides variety of analysis last name of primary author. Presenting tools including, for example, massBLASTer for author in *bold. blasting hundreds of sequences in one batch, ITSx for detecting and extracting ITS1 and ITS2 regions of ITS 1. UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based sequences from environmental communities, or fungal species linked to the classification ATOSH for assigning your unknown sequences to *Abarenkov, Kessy (1), Kõljalg, Urmas (1,2), SHs. 5. Custom search functions and unique views to Nilsson, R. Henrik (3), Taylor, Andy F. S. (4), fungal barcode sequences - these include extended Larsson, Karl-Hnerik (5), UNITE Community (6) search filters (e.g. source, locality, habitat, traits) for 1.Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, sequences and SHs, interactive maps and graphs, and Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014; 2.Institute of Ecology views to the largest unidentified sequence clusters and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu formed by sequences from multiple independent 51005, Estonia; 3.Department of Biological and ecological studies, and for which no metadata Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, currently exists.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Freshwater Algae from Karachi, Pakistan
    Pak. J. Bot., 41(2): 861-870, 2009. SURVEY OF FRESHWATER ALGAE FROM KARACHI, PAKISTAN R. ALIYA1, A. ZARINA2 AND MUSTAFA SHAMEEL1 1Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 2Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi-75300, Pakistan. Abstract Altogether 214 species of algae belonging to 86 genera of 33 families, 15 orders, 10 classes and 6 phyla were collected from various freshwater habitats in three towns of Karachi City during May 2004 and September 2005. Among various phyla, Cyanophycota was represented by 82 species (38.32%), Volvophycota by 78 species (36.45%), Euglenophycota by 4 species (1.87%), Chrysophycota by 2 species (0.93%), Bacillarophycota by 38 species (17.76%) and Chlorophycota by 10 species (4.67%). Members of the phyla Cyanophycota and Volvophycota were most prevalent (74.8%) and those of Euglenophycota and Chrysophycota poorly represented (2.8%). Introduction Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan is spread over a vast area of 3,530 km2 and includes a variety of ponds, streams, water falls, artificial and natural water reservoirs and two small ephemeral rivers with their branchlets, which inhabit several groups of freshwater algae. Only a few studies have been carried out in the past on different groups of these algae, either from a point of view of their habitats and general occurrence (Parvaiz & Ahmed, 1981; Shameel & Butt, 1984; Aisha & Hasni, 1991; Aisha & Zahid, 1991; Leghari et al., 2002) or from taxonomic viewpoint (Salim, 1954; Aizaz & Farooqui, 1972; Farzana & Nizamuddin, 1979; Ahmed et al., 1983). Recently, a study was made on the occurrence of algae within Karachi University Campus (Mehwish & Aliya, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio Plant Disease Index
    Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio This page intentionally blank. Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index C. Wayne Ellett Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio T · H · E OHIO ISJATE ! UNIVERSITY OARilL Kirklyn M. Kerr Director The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all potential dientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, sex, age, handicap, or Vietnam-era veteran status. 12-89-750 This page intentionally blank. Foreword The Ohio Plant Disease Index is the first step in develop­ Prof. Ellett has had considerable experience in the ing an authoritative and comprehensive compilation of plant diagnosis of Ohio plant diseases, and his scholarly approach diseases known to occur in the state of Ohia Prof. C. Wayne in preparing the index received the acclaim and support .of Ellett had worked diligently on the preparation of the first the plant pathology faculty at The Ohio State University. edition of the Ohio Plant Disease Index since his retirement This first edition stands as a remarkable ad substantial con­ as Professor Emeritus in 1981. The magnitude of the task tribution by Prof. Ellett. The index will serve us well as the is illustrated by the cataloguing of more than 3,600 entries complete reference for Ohio for many years to come. of recorded diseases on approximately 1,230 host or plant species in 124 families.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthracnose Common Foliage Disease of Deciduous Trees
    Anthracnose Common foliage disease of deciduous trees Pathogen—Anthracnose diseases are caused by a group of morphologically similar fungi that produce cushion-shaped fruiting structures called acervuli (fig. 1). Many of the fungi that cause anthracnose diseases are known for their asexual stage (conidial), but most also have sexual stages. Taxonomy is con- tinually being updated, so scientific names can be confusing. A list of common anthracnose diseases in the Rocky Mountain Region and their hosts is provided in table 1. Hosts—A variety of deciduous trees are susceptible to anthracnose diseases, including ash, basswood, elm, maple, oak, sycamore, and walnut. These diseases are common on shade trees. Marssonina blight of aspen (see the Marssonina Leaf Blight entry in this guide for more information) is an anthracnose-type disease. The fungi that cause anthracnose diseases are host-specific such that one particular fungus can generally only parasitize one host genus. For example, Apiognomonia errabunda causes anthracnose only on species of ash, and A. quercina causes anthracnose only on oaks. Figure 1. Apiognomonia quercina acervuli on the mid-vein of an oak leaf. Photo: Great Plains Agriculture Council. Table 1. Common anthracnose pathogens in the Region by host and part of tree impacted (ref. 3). Host Pathogen Part of tree impacted Ash (especially green) Apiognomonia errabunda Leaves and twigs conidial state = Discula spp. Basswood Apiognomonia tiliae Leaves and twigs Elm Stegophora ulmea Leaves conidial state = Gloeosporium ulmicolum Maple Kabatiella apocrypta Leaves conidial state unknown Oak (especially white) Apiognomonia quercina Leaves, twigs, shoots, and buds conidial state = Discula quercina Sycamore and Apiognomonia veneta Leaves, twigs, shoots, and buds London plane-tree conidial state = Discula spp.
    [Show full text]