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Symbiodinium Diversity and Potential Hybridisation on the Highly Biodiverse Coral Reefs of Timor-Leste
Symbiodinium diversity and potential hybridisation on the highly biodiverse coral reefs of Timor-Leste Joshua Ian Brian A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Marine Biology Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 2018 Atauro Island, Timor-Leste ii Abstract To persist in oligotrophic waters, reef-building corals rely on nutritional interactions with their intracellular symbionts: photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. This relationship is threatened by increasing environmental stress, which can stimulate loss of these symbionts from coral tissues (‘coral bleaching’). Members of the genus Symbiodinium display high levels of genetic diversity, and demonstrate a corresponding diversity in physiological responses to environmental change. However, the true diversity and potential for genetic adaptation in this genus remain poorly characterised. This thesis aimed to further the understanding of symbiont diversity and adaptive potential by conducting assessments of Symbiodinium at Atauro Island and the neighbouring Timor-Leste mainland. These sites have previously been shown to be of outstanding conservation value, with extremely high levels of coral diversity. Atauro Island also possibly hosts the highest diversity of reef fish in the world. However, the Symbiodinium communities at these sites have never been assessed. Two specific objectives were therefore addressed here. The first was to measure Symbiodinium diversity at Atauro Island (four sites) and Timor (three sites), using direct sequencing of three gene regions: cob gene, mitochondrion; ITS2 region, nucleus; and psbAncr region, chloroplast; in addition to Next Generation Sequencing of the ITS2 region. The second objective was to establish evidence for Symbiodinium hybridisation, a potentially rapid evolutionary mechanism that may facilitate adaptation to environmental stress, by looking for genetic incongruences between Symbiodinium organelles. -
Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits
Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits Ehsan Kayal1,2, Bastian Bentlage1,3, M. Sabrina Pankey5, Aki H. Ohdera4, Monica Medina4, David C. Plachetzki5*, Allen G. Collins1,6, Joseph F. Ryan7,8* Authors Institutions: 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2. UPMC, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France 3. Marine Laboratory, university of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA 4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 5. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 6. National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 7. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA 8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3172v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Aug 2017, publ: 21 Aug 20171 Abstract Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. Results: Here we describe a well-supported hypothesis for cnidarian phylogeny based on phylogenomic analyses of new and existing genome scale data that includes representatives of all cnidarian classes. -
MSC Assessment Report For
Intertek Moody Marine. Clearwater Banquereau Arctic Surfclam Fishery: Assessment Report Intertek Moody Marine Ref: 82351/v3 Assessors: Dr. Andy Brand, Dr. Rob Blyth-Skyrme and John Angel MSC Assessment Report for Banquereau Arctic Surfclam Fishery Client: Clearwater Seafoods Limited Partnership Version: 3 Public Comment Draft Report Certification Body: Client Contact: Intertek Moody Marine Christine Penney 99 Wyse Road Clearwater Seafoods Limited Partnership Suite 815 757 Bedford Highway Dartmouth Bedford Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Canada B4A 3Z7 Tel: +1 422 4511 Canada Fax: +1 422 9780 Tel: +44 (0) 1332 544663 Fax: +44 (0) 1332 675020 FCM 15 v1 Rev 01 Page 1 Intertek Moody Marine. Clearwater Banquereau Arctic Surfclam Fishery: Assessment Report CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 5 2 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 THE FISHERY PROPOSED FOR CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................ 7 2.2 REPORT STRUCTURE AND ASSESSMENT PROCESS ..................................................................................... 7 2.3 STAKEHOLDER MEETINGS ATTENDED ........................................................................................................ 8 2.4 OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES ............................................................................................................... -
Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts from the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor
h ' '' f MASGC-B-78-001 c. 3 A MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor NATIONAL SEA GRANT DEPOSITORY \ PELL LIBRARY BUILDING URI NA8RAGANSETT BAY CAMPUS % NARRAGANSETT. Rl 02882 Robin M. Overstreet r ii MISSISSIPPI—ALABAMA SEA GRANT CONSORTIUM MASGP—78—021 MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico by Robin M. Overstreet Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 This study was conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grant No. 04-7-158-44017 and National Marine Fisheries Service, under PL 88-309, Project No. 2-262-R. TheMississippi-AlabamaSea Grant Consortium furnish ed all of the publication costs. The U.S. Government is authorized to produceand distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. Copyright© 1978by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Gram Consortium and R.M. Overstrect All rights reserved. No pari of this book may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author. Primed by Blossman Printing, Inc.. Ocean Springs, Mississippi CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SYMBIOSIS 2 INVERTEBRATES AS HOSTS 5 THE AMERICAN OYSTER 5 Public Health Aspects 6 Dcrmo 7 Other Symbionts and Diseases 8 Shell-Burrowing Symbionts II Fouling Organisms and Predators 13 THE BLUE CRAB 15 Protozoans and Microbes 15 Mclazoans and their I lypeiparasites 18 Misiellaneous Microbes and Protozoans 25 PENAEID -
Unit 6: Nemathelminthes General Characteristic and Classificationup
TDC FIRST SEM MAJOR: PAPER :1 UNIT 6: NEMATHELMINTHES GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC AND CLASSIFICATIONUP TO CLASSES LIFE CYCLE, PATHOGENICITY OF ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES AND WUCHHERIA BANCROFTI PARASITIC ADAPTATION IN HELMINTHES BY: DR. LUNA PHUKAN Nemathelminthes/Aschelminthes general characteristic and classificationup to classes • The phylum ‘Nemathelminthes’ (Gr; nematos = thread ; helminths = worm) or Nematoda comprises the roundworms. • Triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical, vermiform, unsegmented cylindrical true worms with pseudocoel (i.e pseudocoelomate or blastocoelomate) • Pseudocoelom / False coelom derived from embryonic blastocoel. • Tube within a tube body plan, organ-system grade of body organization. • Body round in cross section and covered with transparent cuticle composed of scleroprotein. • A syncytial epidermis generally without cilia. • Body wall has only longitudinal muscles. • No distinct head, digestive tract complete usually surrounded by lips bearing sense organs. • Alimentary canal of roundworms have both mouth and anus. • Both respiratory and circulatory system are absent. • Excretory system comprised of one or two renette cells or protonephridia. • Nervous system consists of circumpharyngeal nerve ring and six longitudinal nerve cords. • Presence of sensory papillae. (Amphids : in mouth, Phasmids : in anus) • All are dioecious ; i.e. sexes are separate with sexual dimorphism. [1st unisexual phylum] • Eggs with chitinous shell, cleavage determinate and spiral. • Larval forms are : Rhabditiform, Filariform, Microfilariae -
Animal Phylogeny and the Ancestry of Bilaterians: Inferences from Morphology and 18S Rdna Gene Sequences
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 3:3, 170–205 (2001) Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences Kevin J. Peterson and Douglas J. Eernisse* Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA; and *Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton CA 92834-6850, USA *Author for correspondence (email: [email protected]) SUMMARY Insight into the origin and early evolution of the and protostomes, with ctenophores the bilaterian sister- animal phyla requires an understanding of how animal group, whereas 18S rDNA suggests that the root is within the groups are related to one another. Thus, we set out to explore Lophotrochozoa with acoel flatworms and gnathostomulids animal phylogeny by analyzing with maximum parsimony 138 as basal bilaterians, and with cnidarians the bilaterian sister- morphological characters from 40 metazoan groups, and 304 group. We suggest that this basal position of acoels and gna- 18S rDNA sequences, both separately and together. Both thostomulids is artifactal because for 1000 replicate phyloge- types of data agree that arthropods are not closely related to netic analyses with one random sequence as outgroup, the annelids: the former group with nematodes and other molting majority root with an acoel flatworm or gnathostomulid as the animals (Ecdysozoa), and the latter group with molluscs and basal ingroup lineage. When these problematic taxa are elim- other taxa with spiral cleavage. Furthermore, neither brachi- inated from the matrix, the combined analysis suggests that opods nor chaetognaths group with deuterostomes; brachiopods the root lies between the deuterostomes and protostomes, are allied with the molluscs and annelids (Lophotrochozoa), and Ctenophora is the bilaterian sister-group. -
Anemones, Form Associations with Several Invertebrates Such As Cleaner Shrimps (Limbaugh Et Al
2009 Quick Look Report: Miller et al. VII. Anemone and Corallimorpharian Density Background Most historical and recent studies of Caribbean reef fauna, including those in the Florida Keys, have generally focused on either stony corals or fishes. This is not surprising, given that corals are primary framework builders, while fishes, along with certain shellfish species (e.g. queen conch and spiny lobster) are generally the most economically important fishery targets. In the Florida Keys, however, commercial marine-life fisheries and aquarium hobbyists remove an incredible diversity and number of invertebrates and fishes (Bohnsack et al. 1994). Otherwise known as the marine ornamental fishery, aquarium fisheries target a diversity of fish, invertebrate, and algal species, in addition to sand and live rock from West Palm Beach to Key West (FWCC 2001). State and Federal waters near Key West and Marathon in the Florida Keys constitute 94% of the total fishes and invertebrates removed in southeast Florida for the marine aquarium trade. Commercial data do not include an undocumented effort from recreational fishers, nor are data available concerning species abundance patterns and population trends relative to fishing effort (NOAA 1996). Key Largo has been protected from marine aquarium trade species collection since 1960 in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, followed by the protection in federal waters in 1975 with the establishment of Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary. The Looe Key area has been protected since 1981, as well as Everglades National Park (Florida Bay), portions of the Dry Tortugas area, Biscayne National Park, and Fish and Wildlife Service management areas. There is a paucity of basic ecological information for most Florida Keys anemone and corallimorpharian (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) species, and even fewer studies have explored the population effects of exploitation. -
Ecdysozoan Phylogeny and Bayesian Inference: First Use of Nearly Complete 28S and 18S Rrna Gene Sequences to Classify the Arthro
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 (2004) 178–191 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Ecdysozoan phylogeny and Bayesian inference: first use of nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA gene sequences to classify the arthropods and their kinq Jon M. Mallatt,a,* James R. Garey,b and Jeffrey W. Shultzc a School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA b Department of Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave. SCA110, Tampa, FL 33620, USA c Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Received 4 March 2003; revised 18 July 2003 Abstract Relationships among the ecdysozoans, or molting animals, have been difficult to resolve. Here, we use nearly complete 28S + 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences to estimate the relations of 35 ecdysozoan taxa, including newly obtained 28S sequences from 25 of these. The tree-building algorithms were likelihood-based Bayesian inference and minimum-evolution analysis of LogDet-trans- formed distances, and hypotheses were tested wth parametric bootstrapping. Better taxonomic resolution and recovery of estab- lished taxa were obtained here, especially with Bayesian inference, than in previous parsimony-based studies that used 18S rRNA sequences (or 18S plus small parts of 28S). In our gene trees, priapulan worms represent the basal ecdysozoans, followed by ne- matomorphs, or nematomorphs plus nematodes, followed by Panarthropoda. Panarthropoda was monophyletic with high support, although the relationships among its three phyla (arthropods, onychophorans, tardigrades) remain uncertain. The four groups of arthropods—hexapods (insects and related forms), crustaceans, chelicerates (spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs), and myriapods (centipedes, millipedes, and relatives)—formed two well-supported clades: Hexapoda in a paraphyletic crustacea (Pancrustacea), and ÔChelicerata + MyriapodaÕ (a clade that we name ÔParadoxopodaÕ). -
Off the Grid
Off the Grid Off-grid isn’t a state of mind. It isn’t about someone being out of touch, about a place that is hard to get to, or about a weekend spent offline. Off-grid is the property of a building (generally a home but sometimes even a whole town) that is disconnected from the electricity and the natural gas grid. To live off- grid, therefore, means having to radically re-invent domestic life as we know it, and this is what this book is about: individuals and families who have chosen to live in that dramatically innovative, but also quite old, way of life. This ethnography explores the day-to-day existence of people living off- the-grid in each Canadian province and territory. Vannini and Taggart demonstrate how a variety of people, all with different environmental con- straints, live away from contemporary civilization. The authors also raise important questions about our social future and whether off-grid living cre- ates an environmentally and culturally sustainable lifestyle practice. These homes are experimental labs for our collective future, an intimate look into unusual contemporary domestic lives, and a call to the rest of us leading ordinary lives to examine what we take for granted. This book is ideal for courses on the environment and sustainability as well as introduction to sociology and introduction to cultural anthropology courses. Visit www.lifeoffgrid.ca, for resources, including photos of Vannini and Taggart’s ethnographic work. Phillip Vannini is Canada Research Chair in Public Ethnography and Professor in the School of Communication & Culture at Royal Roads University in Victoria, BC, Canada. -
Spectral Diversity of Fluorescent Proteins from the Anthozoan Corynactis Californica
Mar Biotechnol (2008) 10:328–342 DOI 10.1007/s10126-007-9072-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spectral Diversity of Fluorescent Proteins from the Anthozoan Corynactis californica Christine E. Schnitzler & Robert J. Keenan & Robert McCord & Artur Matysik & Lynne M. Christianson & Steven H. D. Haddock Received: 7 September 2007 /Accepted: 19 November 2007 /Published online: 11 March 2008 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Color morphs of the temperate, nonsymbiotic three to four distinct genetic loci that code for these colors, corallimorpharian Corynactis californica show variation in and one morph contains at least five loci. These genes pigment pattern and coloring. We collected seven distinct encode a subfamily of new GFP-like proteins, which color morphs of C. californica from subtidal locations in fluoresce across the visible spectrum from green to red, Monterey Bay, California, and found that tissue– and color– while sharing between 75% to 89% pairwise amino-acid morph-specific expression of at least six different genes is identity. Biophysical characterization reveals interesting responsible for this variation. Each morph contains at least spectral properties, including a bright yellow protein, an orange protein, and a red protein exhibiting a “fluorescent timer” phenotype. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Christine E. Schnitzler and Robert J. Keenan contributed equally to FP genes from this species evolved together but that this work. diversification of anthozoan fluorescent proteins has taken Data deposition footnote: -
Index 2000 Volume 158
Fredericton Fredericton New Brunswick Nouveau-Brunswick ISSN 0703-8623 ISBN 1-55236-409-7 Index 2000 Volume 158 Table of Contents / Table des matières Page Provincial Financial Statements / États financiers de la Province . 2 Proclamations . 2 Orders in Council / Décrets en conseil . 2 Legislative Assembly / Assemblée législative . 5 Office of the Chief Electoral Officer / Bureau de la directrice générale des élections. 5 Departmental Notices / Avis ministériels. 6 Board of Commissioners of Public Utilities / Commission des entreprises de service public . 7 General Notices and Notices Under Various Acts / Avis divers et avis en vertu de diverses lois. 8 Sheriff’s Sales / Ventes par exécution forcée. 9 Notices of Sale / Avis de vente . 9 Regulations / Règlements . 11 Corporate Affairs Notices / Avis relatifs aux entreprises. 12 Business Corporations Act / Loi sur les corporations commerciales. 12 Companies Act / Loi sur les compagnies. 43 Partnerships and Business Names Registration Act / Loi sur l’enregistrement des sociétés en nom collectif et des appellations commerciales . 45 Limited Partnership Act / Loi sur les sociétés en commandite . 67 2000 Index Provincial Financial Statements McCain, H. Harrison—OIC/DC 2000-131—p. 490 (May 10 mai) Certified General Accountants Association of New Brunswick, The / États financiers de la Province Association des comptables généraux licenciés du Nouveau-Brunswick, L’ Logan, John B.D.—OIC/DC 2000-518—p. 1342 (November 22 novembre) Provincial Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended 31 March 1999 / États Chief Electoral Officer / Directrice générale des élections financiers de la Province pour l’exercice terminé le 31 mars 1999—p. 83 Landry, Barbara J. (Appointment terminated / Fin du mandat)—OIC/DC (January 26 janvier) 2000-252—p. -
Program in the Province
COURTESY OF NOVA SCOTIA GAMING Support4Sport is the largest source of funding for amateur sport in Nova Scotia. Visit support4sport.ca Title Sponsor’s Message elcome to the 2020 Support4Sport Awards! We are thrilled to be back supporting the most prestigious Wsport awards in Nova Scotia. Support4Sport has been a proud supporter of amateur sport in Nova Scotia for over a decade. In 2006, Nova Scotia Gaming partnered with Sport Nova Scotia to create the first dedicated revenue program in the province. This program has since raised over $42 million for community groups, provincial and community sport organizations, coaches, officials and athletes in Nova Scotia and is now the largest source of funding for amateur sport in our province. At Nova Scotia Gaming, we believe that sport goes far beyond the physical benefits, it brings people together and builds communities while teaching us qualities like teamwork and leadership. Everyone that has been honoured with these awards exemplifies excellence in sport, and we are proud to celebrate with you. On behalf of Nova Scotia Gaming and the Support4Sport Program, I would like to extend our congratulations to everyone. We are inspired by your dedication, perseverance and commitment to excellence in sport. Bob MacKinnon, President & CEO Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation Sport Nova Scotia’s Welcome n behalf of Sport Nova Scotia, thank you for helping us celebrate the hard work and perseverance Odemonstrated by athletes, coaches, officials, volunteers, families, sponsors, and sport organizations across the province. The provincial sport sector is a tight-knit community, and it’s been enlightening to see you pull together and support one another as we all do our best to navigate the global pandemic.