A History of the Phenomenon of the Maras of El Salvador, 1971-1992
A HISTORY OF THE PHENOMENON OF THE MARAS OF EL SALVADOR, 1971-1992 Vogel Vladimir Castillo, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2014 APPROVED: Roberto Calderón, Major Professor Sandra Mendiola-García, Committee Member J. Todd Moye, Committee Member Richard B. McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Castillo, Vogel Vladimir. A History of the Phenomenon of the Maras of El Salvador, 1971- 1992. Master of Arts (History), May 2014, 86 pp., bibliography, 75 titles. This thesis grounds its examination of the maras of El Salvador in the historical past (1971-1992) rather than the present, which constitutes a departure from current scholarship on the subject. This thesis revises our current understanding of the emergence and development of maras in El Salvador through the recovery, insertion and examination of key local events, conditions, and historical actors of the 1970s and 1980s. From signifying friendship and camaraderie prior to the late 1980s, the maras increasingly became the target of public concern and Salvadoran security forces over the course of the 1980. By the late 1980s the maras increasingly became associated with criminal activity in Salvadoran society and popular culture. To document these changed conditions, this thesis relies extensively on previously untapped and ignored primary sources: newspapers and oral history interviews. Copyright 2014 By Vogel Vladimir Castillo ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE PHENOMENON OF THE MARAS OF EL SALVADOR ............................................... 1 Salvadoran Literature, 1989-2014 .......................................................................................... 2 Made in the U.S.A ................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II FACT, FICTION AND THE FABRICATION OF THE MARABUNTA ANTS ........................
[Show full text]