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JOBNAME: NLJ PAGE: 1 SESS: 18 OUTPUT: Thu Sep 10 07:22:48 2015 /hling/journals/notts/132/title_page JOBNAME: NLJ PAGE: 1 SESS: 28 OUTPUT: Thu Sep 10 07:22:48 2015 /hling/journals/notts/132/edboard NOTTINGHAM LAW JOURNAL VOL. 24 2015 General Editor Dr Helen O’Nions, LLB (Middlesex), LLM (Leicester), PGDip HE Associate Editor Ms Janice Denoncourt, BA (McGill), LLB (W.Aust.), LLM, Solicitor Advisory Board The Rt Hon the Lord Saville of Newdigate The Rt Hon Sir Philip Otton Judge Bostjan Zupancic, the European Court of Human Rights Prof Conor Gearty, London School of Economics Prof Mark Findlay, University of Sydney Prof Michael J. Gunn, University of Staffordshire Mr Jonathan Griffiths, Queen Mary, University of London Prof Geraint Howells, Lancaster University Prof Martin Hunter, Essex Court Chambers & Nottingham Prof Robert G. Lee, Exeter Law School Law School Mr Christopher Muttukumaru, Director of Legal Mr Roger Leng, University of Warwick Services, Department of Transport Prof Gary Watt, University of Warwick Prof John Peysner, University of Lincoln Prof Barry Rider, University of Cambridge Prof Mary Seneviratne, Nottingham Law School Mr Paul Smith, Partner, Eversheds Mr Marc S. Stauch, Leibnitz University, Hannover Mr John Snape, Warwick University Prof Adrian Walters, Nottingham Law School Dr Kim Stevenson, University of Plymouth Prof George A. Sarpong, former Director Ghana Dr Christian Twigg-Flesner, University of Hull School of Law Prof Stephen Weatherill, University of Oxford Mr Chuka Agbu, Lexavier Partners, Nigeria Editorial Board Development: Mrs Louise Taylor, LLB (Hons), Scots Law, University of Dundee (2002) Diploma in Legal Practice, University of Dundee (2003), PGCHE, Nottingham Trent University (2008). Marketing: Alfonso Valero, LLB (Complutense of Madrid), LLM (QMUL), PGC Sports Law (King’s College), PGC HE (Nottingham Trent University) Administrative Assistant Ms Carole Vaughan The Nottingham Law Journal is a refereed journal, normally published in Spring each year. Contributions of articles, case notes and book reviews to the Journal are welcomed. Intending contributors are invited to contact the Editor for a copy of the style sheet, which gives details of the format which submissions must follow. Submissions and enquiries should be addressed to: Dr Helen O’Nions, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU. Telephone 0115 941 8418. Ms O’Nions can also be contacted on the following e-mail addresses: helen.o’[email protected]. Style notes and further details about the Journal are available on request. Intending subscribers should please contact Ms Carole Vaughan at the above address. Intending subscribers in North America are advised to contact Wm W Gaunt & Sons. Inc, Gaunt Building, 3011 Gulf Drive, Holmes Beach, Florida 3417 2199. The citation for this issue is (2015) 24 Nott L J. ISSN No. 0965–0660 Except as otherwise stated, 2014 Nottingham Trent University and contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this Journal may be reproduced or transmitted by any means or in any form or stored in a retrieval system of whatever kind without the prior written permission of the Editor. This does not include permitted fair dealing under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or within the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency for reprographic reproduction and/or photocopying. The authors of material in this issue have asserted their rights to be identified as such in accordance with the said Act. JOBNAME: NLJ PAGE: 1 SESS: 61 OUTPUT: Thu Sep 10 07:22:48 2015 /hling/journals/notts/132/conts24 NOTTINGHAM LAW JOURNAL VOL 24 2015 CONTENTS v EDITORIAL Helen O’Nions and Janine Griffiths-Baker ARTICLES 1 The Legal Ombudsman – Past, Present and Future Mary Seneviratne 19 Harmonisation of European Contract Law Through An ‘‘Optional Instrument’’: Principles and Practical Implications Richard Stone and Salewudin Ibrahim Thematic Articles: Legal Education 35 Introduction Jane Ching 36 Making a Virtue Of Necessity? An Opportunity to Harness Solicitors’ Attachment to The Workplace as a Place For Learning Jane Ching 67 A Future For Legal Education: Personal And Professional Development And Ethics Nigel Duncan 79 Global Challenges For Legal Education: Competing For The World’s Law Students John Flood 94 ‘‘Democracy Begins In Conversation’’’: The Phenomenology of Problem-Based Learning and Legal Education Paul Maharg 112 The Value of Legal Education Judith Welch Wegner CASE NOTES AND COMMENTARY 129 Criminal Squatting and Adverse Possession: A Case of Interpretative Logic Mark Pawlowski 137 The Issue of Standing in Judicial Review Proceedings Nick Johnson 143 Sale and Rent Back, Vendor-Purchaser Constructive Trust and Scintilla Temporis Tom Ng 149 The Role of the Jury in Relation to Claims of Insanity Hin Ting Liu and Howard Wong 156 Magna Carta, The Charter Of the Forest and the Origin Of the Jury System Allen Shoenberger iii JOBNAME: NLJ PAGE: 2 SESS: 61 OUTPUT: Thu Sep 10 07:22:48 2015 /hling/journals/notts/132/conts24 BOOK REVIEWS 163 N. Moloney EU Securities and Financial Markets Regulations Oxford University Press, 2014 Gary Wilson 167 K. Shao and S. Feng (eds.) Innovation and Intellectual Property in China: Strategies, Contexts and Challenges Edward Elgar, 2014 Janice Denoncourt 171 R. Howse Leo Strauss: Man of Peace Cambridge University Press, 2014 Elizabeth Chadwick STUDENT ESSAY PRIZES 175 NLS 50th Anniversary Essay Competition The evolution of International Criminal Justice Rhianna Ward 182 Kevin De Silva Memorial Prize Rape is Rape . .Or is it? Sam Hussaini, Nottingham University iv JOBNAME: NLJ PAGE: 1 SESS: 9 OUTPUT: Thu Sep 10 07:22:48 2015 /hling/journals/notts/132/editorial24 NOTTINGHAM LAW JOURNAL VOL. 24 2015 EDITORIAL Welcome to Volume 24 of the Nottingham Law Journal. This year I have invited Professor Janine Griffiths-Baker, Nottingham Law School’s new Dean, to present a guest introduction. Janine recently joined us from the University of South Wales and has a keen interest in teaching and research in the field of legal ethics. Janine has a PhD from the University of Bristol entitled ‘‘Fiduciary Duties, Conflicts of Interest and Chinese Walls: The Problems of Modern Legal Practice’’. She frequently acts as a consultant on regulatory issues to national associations and prominent City law firms and was one of the research team responsible for the Home Office Report Experiencing Inquests. That report had a substantial influence on the Command Paper Death Certification and Investigation and was cited in the consultation papers which led to the Coroners Act 2009. On behalf of everyone at Nottingham Law School I would like to welcome Janine and I am confident that legal research will go from strength to strength under her leadership. Professor Jane Ching introduces a collection of articles on the theme of legal education. Jane is the director of our Centre for Legal Education and these articles were specially selected from contributions to the Centre’s 2014 conference, ‘The Value of Legal Education’. Our articles on contemporary legal significance include analysis of European contract harmonisation rules by Professor Richard Stone and Salewudin Ibrahim and a timely analysis of the role of the legal services ombudsman by a name familiar to readers of the Journal, Professor Mary Seneviratne. Having previously been Head of Department and Associate Dean of Nottingham Law School, Mary retired in 2015. I would like to extend my thanks to Mary for all her hard work over the years and congratulate her on being awarded the title Professor Emerita. Volume 24 also features two prize-winning essay contributions from law students. The NLS 50th anniversary prize was awarded by Lord Saville to Rhianna Ward for her analysis of the evolution of international criminal justice. The Kevin deSilva memorial competition was won by Nottingham University student Sam Hussaini who analyses the conceptual uncertainty surrounding the crime of rape. As ever, I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank all our contributors, subscribers and reviewers for the vital part they play in supporting the journal. Special thanks are owed to Lord Saville for judging the winning essays in the 50th anniversary competition; to Janice Denoncourt for tirelessly editing all case-notes and book reviews; and to Carole Vaughan, our administrator extraordinaire. DR HELEN O’NIONS As the newly-appointed Dean of Nottingham Law School, I am particularly pleased to have been invited to introduce this edition of the Journal, with its special focus on legal education. In assuming my new role, I was conscious that I would be leading a School with a long tradition of producing visionaries in this area. It is not a mantle that I take up lightly, especially since the sector is currently facing radical and far-reaching v JOBNAME: NLJ PAGE: 2 SESS: 9 OUTPUT: Thu Sep 10 07:22:48 2015 /hling/journals/notts/132/editorial24 changes, but I am confident that, by embracing debate and encouraging high-quality scholarly activity, Nottingham Law School will continue to lead in this field for many years to come. The contributions in this volume raise many questions, one of which is why legal education is so important and why it often poses such challenges for those working in the field. The answer, of course, is closely connected to the subject area in which we function. Law pervades every aspect of life, from social stability, economic prosperity, public policy and civil liberties to the very concept of a fair and just society. Legal education is important because the law itself is important. This produces obvious challenges, not only because addressing legal issues is seldom an easy task, but also because we are responsible for training those who, in many different ways, will shape, administer and interpret future laws and policies. Such a situation affords considerable opportunities for us, as legal educators, to guide future direction. Yet these opportunities come with heavy responsibilities.