DOCSLIB.ORG

Role and Importance of Chemical Engineering in the Specialty Chemicals Industry – a Point of View from Process Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Role and Importance of Chemical Engineering in the Specialty Chemicals Industry – a Point of View from Process Development CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 114 CHIMIA 2002, 56, No. 4 Chimia 56 (2002) 114–118 © Schweizerische Chemische Gesellschaft ISSN 0009–4293 Role and Importance of Chemical Engineering in the Specialty Chemicals Industry – A Point of View from Process Development Lukas Doulakas, Pascal Larpin, Horst Maire*, Laurent Menoud** Abstract: Chemical engineers offer many skills perfectly in line with the requirements of the specialty chemicals industry, especially within process development. One of the main tasks of this department is to recruit and train young talent. A chemical engineer helps in defining new processes, improving established products and solving EHS (environment, health and safety) issues. Thus, the chemical engineer takes an active role in the main stages of a product life cycle and fosters through his communication skills cooperation with other colleagues working in different fields, such as production & engineering, product management, technical services. In order to fulfill the industry requirements, the Higher Institutes of Technology are encouraged to continuously offer the best education in chemical engineering. Keywords: Chemical engineering · Process development · Specialty chemicals · Young talent 1. Introduction The basic questions, which finally safety (EHS) aspects and are well pre- lead to this publication, are: pared to take over other responsibilities Even though the authors are working in • Do we need chemical engineers in the in the company. process development groups within Ciba specialty chemicals industry? The main objectives of a PD group are Specialty Chemicals Inc. the present arti- • Is a process development group the the development of inherently safe, relia- cle reflects our personal point of view right entry point for young chemical ble, reproducible, robust processes at low and is based on our specific experiences. engineers? cost for new or existing products respect- The opportunity to explain, particularly • Do chemical engineers play an impor- ing quality constraints and legal EHS to young students, current industrial tant role in industrial process devel- requirements. In order to fulfill this mis- process development (PD) in a realistic opment? sion, PD groups consist often of an opti- way has been our main motivation. When considering all aspects, posi- mum balance between chemists and tive and negative, which currently influ- chemical engineers, where PD chemists ence and lead process development activ- or PD chemical engineers work in multi- ities in the specialty chemicals industry, skilled teams, where the chemical engi- or what PD offers young talent, the an- neer is the connecting link between tech- *Correspondence: Dr. H. Maire swer to all the above questions is clearly nical (such as production & engineering, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. yes! quality control) and non-technical services Coating Effects Segment One important task of PD is the re- (such as product management, marketing, Process Development Monthey; CE 6.23 Building WM–369B cruitment and training of young ta- product safety & registration, research). Case postale lent and future managers. Assuming an To explain the role and importance of the CH–1870 Monthey Tel.: + 41 24 474 4964 ideal group size, where continuity and process development, we chose the main Fax: + 41 24 474 4979 exchanges could be guaranteed, without stages of a product life cycle as a thread. E-Mail: [email protected] affecting the necessary skills, a young www.cibasc.com graduate (male/female) will stay about **Correspondence: Dr. L. Menoud Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. 3–5 years in PD, where he/she receives 2. Process Development and Home and Personal Care Segment and experiences his/her basic training in Product Life Cycle Process Development Monthey; HP 4.37 the company. After this period, which Building WM–374 Case postale serves as preparation for their future ca- The different aspects of process de- CH–1870 Monthey reer, they are well acquainted with prod- velopment work could be discussed and Tel.: + 41 24 474 4052 ucts (chemistry, processes), production illustrated in an exemplary way, when we Fax: + 41 24 474 4079 E-Mail: [email protected] (plant, installation, equipment), working look at the ideal product life cycle as www.cibasc.com methodology, environment – health – shown in Fig. 1. It is obvions that not eve- CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 115 CHIMIA 2002, 56, No. 4 ry product will follow this profile, but the development work must be made as if for an ideal product as described in the qual- ity management (QM) procedure. During the different phases in a product life, the role and the required knowledge will change with the problems encountered. In a general way, the product life can be subdivided in two main periods, which are separated by the launch of the prod- uct, or, more precisely, when the product passes to the responsibility of production. The subdivision in ‘New Products’ and ‘Range Product’ reflects precisely this fundamental difference. During the first period the product is fully integrated in the ‘innovation process’, where teams (often headed by marketing or R&D) consider all questions and problems to be solved up to the launch. On the other Fig. 1. Sales and cash flow during the product life cycle hand in the second period, when the product becomes a range product, pro- duction takes over the responsibility. Let us have a look now at what happens typically during the above-mentioned phases. 2.2. Growth simply the product of margin multiplied 2.1. Development & Introduction Once on the market, the product by volume (sold quantities), the process When considering the features in this enters into competition with existing development in collaboration with pro- phase, it is obvions that quantities are products. If our perception of the advan- duction & engineering can only affect the rather small: before the first introduction, tages (and disadvantages) of our product, benefit by improving the margin, thus only lab or pilot samples are available. the positioning and the marketing strate- lowering the production costs. And you When the process development is in- gy were correctly made, the sales will can assume that the sales price will de- volved, research work is almost complet- grow more or less rapidly. Then it be- crease all the time. If we have the ideal ed and the chemistry is more or less de- comes increasingly important that the case, that our product is still protected by fined. Following the decision based on margin (simply said the difference be- international patents, the most important a business justification to bring such a tween sales price and total production task of the process development group is product to the market, the registration of costs) in Fig. 2 is maximum and enough to guarantee the lowest production costs the molecule will start and, for products capacity is available; in addition increas- possible in order to remain competitive foreseen to be used in ‘food contact’, ap- ing EHS problems must have been and to raise the hurdle for our competi- plication approvals are needed (e.g. solved. Supposing the company benefit is tors after the patent protection has expired. FDA, GMP, FPL). Project teams will be set up, composed of colleagues from re- search, product management, marketing, registration, production & engineering, quality control and process development. In order to bring the product to the mar- ket as quickly as possible (catchword: ‘faster time to market’) we are asked to accept compromises: first production campaigns will take place in existing fa- cilities, which are often not completely suitable for our chemistry; our process is not fully optimized, EHS problems are only solved in a semi-optimal way (such as incineration of mother liquors instead of solvent recovery), production costs are still too high. There remains a large po- tential for process optimization. Fig. 2. Development of volume, sales price and ‘total production costs (TPC)’ CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING 116 CHIMIA 2002, 56, No. 4 2.3. Maturity 3. The Role of Process document, a complete risk analysis must If a product reaches this phase of its Development within the Different be carried out, which is time-consuming life, we are often confronted with a very Phases in a Product Life and is always a special task performed curious situation. The whole process (in- in groups consisting of representatives cluding solvent recovery units, waste gas 3.1. New Products from production and process develop- treatment) has been optimized over a At this early stage in product life, the ment and other specialists such as safety, number of years. Specific skills and development work is best comparable to mechanical and electrical engineers. Be- knowledge have been built up and docu- the research work at the university. To cause timetables are always ambitious, mented. The quality is under control and follow a product from its birth (first trials this time must be taken into consideration the production costs are (sufficiently) in lab, then pilot), over the project work on the schedule. From the chemical engi- low. It is normal that the process devel- (e.g. definition of product properties, neer, a clear picture and knowledge of the opment decreases or stops its activities process optimization, identification of new process is needed, as every last related to this product. When entering relevant parameters, reaction kinetics, minute process or technology change this phase, the process development preparation of launch), until the first could affect the risk analysis! The chemi- group ‘loses’ more and more specific batch is in production creates in most cal engineer must apply the best method- product know-how. The main reasons are cases a very exciting and satisfying job. ology as economical and time constraints that development is now working on oth- The chemical engineer must build up tend to skip the pilot phase, thus intro- er products; PD must also face a high rate specific knowledge about the product and ducing a lab process directly into full- of personal fluctuation (especially with the process, and a lot of open questions scale production.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemical Process Modeling in Modelica
    Chemical Process Modeling in Modelica Ali Baharev Arnold Neumaier Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Wien Nordbergstraße 15, A-1090 Wien, Austria Abstract model creation involves only high-level operations on a GUI; low-level coding is not required. This is the Chemical process models are highly structured. Infor- desired way of input. Not surprisingly, this is also mation on how the hierarchical components are con- how it is implemented in commercial chemical process nected helps to solve the model efficiently. Our ulti- simulators such as Aspen PlusR , Aspen HYSYSR or mate goal is to develop structure-driven optimization CHEMCAD R . methods for solving nonlinear programming problems Nonlinear system of equations are generally solved (NLP). The structural information retrieved from the using optimization techniques. AMPL (FOURER et al. JModelica environment will play an important role in [12]) is the de facto standard for model representation the development of our novel optimization methods. and exchange in the optimization community. Many Foundations of a Modelica library for general-purpose solvers for solving nonlinear programming (NLP) chemical process modeling have been built. Multi- problems are interfaced with the AMPL environment. ple steady-states in ideal two-product distillation were We are aiming to create a ‘Modelica to AMPL’ con- computed as a proof of concept. The Modelica source verter. One could use the Modelica toolchain to create code is available at the project homepage. The issues the models conveniently on a GUI. After exporting the encountered during modeling may be valuable to the Modelica model in AMPL format, the already existing Modelica language designers. software environments (solvers with AMPL interface, Keywords: separation, distillation column, tearing AMPL scripts) can be used.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Engineering Careers in the Bioeconomy
    BioFutures Chemical engineering careers in the bioeconomy A selection of career profiles Foreword In December 2018, IChemE published the final report of its BioFutures Programme.1 The report recognised the need for chemical engineers to have a greater diversity of knowledge and skills and to be able to apply these to the grand challenges facing society, as recognised by the UN Sustainable Development Goals2 and the NAE Grand Challenges for Engineering.3 These include the rapid development of the bioeconomy, pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and an increased emphasis on responsible and sustainable production. One of the recommendations from the BioFutures report prioritised by IChemE’s Board of Trustees was for IChemE to produce and promote new career profiles to showcase the roles of chemical engineers in the bioeconomy, in order to raise awareness of their contribution. It gives me great pleasure to present this collection of careers profiles submitted by members of the chemical engineering community. Each one of these career profiles demonstrates the impact made by chemical engineers across the breadth of the bioeconomy, including water, energy, food, manufacturing, and health and wellbeing. In 2006, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defined the bioeconomy as “the aggregate set of economic operations in a society that uses the latent value incumbent in biological products and processes to capture new growth and welfare benefits for citizens and nations”.4 This definition includes the use of biological feedstocks and/or processes which involve biotechnology to generate economic outputs. The output in terms of products and services may be in the form of chemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, materials or energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations
    Source: HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS SECTION 1 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Avinash Gupta, Ph.D. Senior Principal Chemical Engineer Chevron Lummus Global Bloomfield, NJ 1.1 MOLAR GAS CONSTANT 1.2 EQUATIONS AND LIQUID-LIQUID 1.2 ESTIMATION OF CRITICAL EQUILIBRIUM DATA 1.44 TEMPERATURE FROM EMPIRICAL 1.21 ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENT-CORRELATION CORRELATION 1.2 EQUATIONS AND VAPOR-LIQUID 1.3 CRITICAL PROPERTIES FROM EQUILIBRIUM DATA 1.46 GROUP-CONTRIBUTION METHOD 1.3 1.22 CONVERGENCE-PRESSURE 1.4 REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM K OF STATE 1.5 VALUES 1.49 1.5 P-V-T PROPERTIES OF A GAS 1.23 HEAT OF FORMATION FROM MIXTURE 1.8 ELEMENTS 1.64 1.6 DENSITY OF A GAS MIXTURE 1.12 1.24 STANDARD HEAT OF REACTION, 1.7 ESTIMATION OF LIQUID STANDARD FREE-ENERGY CHANGE, AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT 1.67 DENSITY 1.14 1.25 STANDARD HEAT OF REACTION FROM 1.8 ESTIMATION OF IDEAL-GAS HEAT HEAT OF FORMATION—AQUEOUS CAPACITY 1.15 SOLUTIONS 1.68 1.9 HEAT CAPACITY OF REAL GASES 1.20 1.26 STANDARD HEAT OF REACTION FROM 1.10 LIQUID HEAT CAPACITY— HEAT OF COMBUSTION 1.68 GENERALIZED CORRELATION 1.22 1.27 STANDARD HEAT OF FORMATION 1.11 ENTHALPY DIFFERENCE FOR IDEAL FROM HEAT OF COMBUSTION 1.70 GAS 1.24 1.28 HEAT OF ABSORPTION FROM 1.12 ESTIMATION OF HEAT OF SOLUBILITY DATA 1.71 VAPORIZATION 1.24 1.29 ESTIMATION OF LIQUID VISCOSITY 1.13 PREDICTION OF VAPOR AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 1.73 PRESSURE 1.27 1.30 VISCOSITY OF NONPOLAR AND 1.14 ENTHALPY ESTIMATION— POLAR GASES AT HIGH GENERALIZED METHOD 1.29 PRESSURE 1.73 1.15 ENTROPY INVOLVING A PHASE 1.31
    [Show full text]
  • When Chemical Reactors Were Admitted and Earlier Roots of Chemical Engineering
    When Chemical Reactors Were Admitted And Earlier Roots of Chemical Engineering 9 Biographical sketch of L. E. ‘Skip’ Scriven L. E. 'Skip' Scriven is Regents' Professor and holder of the L E Scriven Chair of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science at the University of Minnesota. He is a Fellow of the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute, founded the Coating Process Fundamentals Program, and now co-leads it with Professor Lorraine F. Francis. He is distinguished for pioneering researches in several areas of fluid mechanics, interfacial phenomena, porous media and surfactant technologies, and the recently emerged field of coating science and engineering. He promoted close interactions with industry by showing how good theory, incisive experimental techniques, and modern computer-aided mathematics can be combined to solve industrial processing problems. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, received a Ph.D. from the University of Delaware, and was a research engineer with Shell Development Company for four years before joining the University of Minnesota. He received the AIChE Allan P. Colburn Award four decades ago, the William H. Walker Award two decades ago, the Tallmadge Award in 1992, and the Founders Award in 1997. He has also been honored by the University of Minnesota and the American Society for Engineering Education for outstanding teaching. He has co-advised or advised many undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral research students, including over 100 Ph.D.’s. Elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1978, he has served on several U.S. national committees setting priorities for chemical engineering and materials science research. In 1990-92 he co-chaired the National Research Council's Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, and in 1994-97 he served on the governing Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Roadmap Chemical Reaction Engineering an Initiative of the Processnet Subject Division Chemical Reaction Engineering
    Roadmap Chemical Reaction Engineering an initiative of the ProcessNet Subject Division Chemical Reaction Engineering 2nd edition May 2017 roadmap chemical reaction engineering Table of contents Preface 3 1 What is Chemical Reaction Engineering? 4 2 Relevance of Chemical Reaction Engineering 6 3 Experimental Reaction Engineering 8 A Laboratory Reactors 8 B High Throughput Technology 9 C Dynamic Methods 10 D Operando and in situ spectroscopic methods including spatial information 11 4 Mathematical Modeling and Simulation 14 A Challenges 14 B Workflow of Modeling and Simulation 15 C Achievements & Trends 20 5 Reactor Design and Process Development 22 A Optimization of Transport Processes in the Reactor 22 B Miniplant Technology and Experimental Scale-up 24 C Equipment Development 25 D Process Intensification 29 E Systems Engineering Approaches for Reactor Analysis, Synthesis, Operation and Control 32 6 Case studies 35 Case Study 1: The EnviNOx® Process 35 Case Study 2: Redox-Flow Batteries 36 Case Study 3: On-Board Diagnostics for Automotive Emission Control 37 Case Study 4: Simulation-based Product Design in High-Pressure Polymerization Technology 39 Case Study 5: Continuous Synthesis of Artemisinin and Artemisinin-derived Medicines 41 7 Outlook 43 Imprint 47 2 Preface This 2nd edition of the Roadmap on Chemical Reaction Engi- However, Chemical Reaction Engineering is not only driven by neering is a completely updated edition. Furthermore, it is the need for new products (market pull), but also by a rational written in English to gain more international visibility and approach to technologies (technology push). The combina- impact. Especially for the European Community of Chemical tion of digital approaches such as multiscale modeling and Reaction Engineers organized under the auspices of European simulation in combination with experimentation and space Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) it can be a contri- and time-resolved in situ measurements opens up the path to bution to help to establish a Roadmap on a European level.
    [Show full text]
  • ATTAINABLE REGION THEORY an Introduction to Choosing An
    k ATTAINABLE REGION THEORY k k k k k k k k ATTAINABLE REGION THEORY An Introduction to Choosing an Optimal Reactor By DAVID MING University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg DAVID GLASSER and DIANE HILDEBRANDT Material and Process Synthesis research unit, University of South Africa BENJAMIN GLASSER Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey MATTHEW METZGER Merck & Co., Inc k k k k Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Reaction Engineering A. Sarath Babu
    CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING A. SARATH BABU 1 Course No. Ch.E – 326 CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING Periods/ Week : 4 Credits: 4 Examination Teacher Assessment: Marks: 20 Sessionals: 2 Hrs Marks: 30 End Semester: 3 Hrs Marks : 50 1. KINETICS OF HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS 2. CONVERSION AND REACTOR SIZING 3. ANALYSIS OF RATE DATA 4. ISOTHERMAL REACTOR DESIGN 5. CATALYSIS AND CATALYTIC RECTORS 6. ADIABATIC TUBULAR REACTOR DESIGN 7. NON-IDEAL REACTORS 2 TEXT BOOKS 1. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering - Scott Fogler H 2. Chemical Reaction Engineering - Octave Levenspiel 3. Introduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering & Kinetics, Ronald W. Missen, Charles A. Mims, Bradley A. Saville 4. Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering – Charles D. Holland, Rayford G. Anthony 5. Chemical Reactor Analysis – R. E. Hays 6. Chemical Reactor Design and operation – K. R. Westerterp, Van Swaaij and A. A. C. M. Beenackers 7. The Engineering of Chemical Reactions – Lanny D. Schmidt 8. An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design – Charles G. Hill, Jr. 9. Chemical Reactor Design, Optimization and Scaleup – E. Bruce Nauman 3 10.Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design – John B. Butt Without chemical reaction our world would be a barren planet. No life of any sort would exist. There would be no fire for warmth and cooking, no iron and steel to make even the crudest implements, no synthetic fibers for clothing, and no engines to power our vehicles. One feature that distinguishes the chemical engineer from others is the ability to analyze systems in which chemical reactions occur and to apply the results of the analysis in a manner that benefits society.
    [Show full text]
  • Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering
    Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering Iva´n Darı´o Gil Chaves Javier Ricardo Guevara Lopez Jose´ Luis Garcı´a Zapata Alexander Leguizamon Robayo Gerardo Rodrı´guez Nino~ Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering Iva´n Darı´o Gil Chaves Javier Ricardo Guevara Lopez Chemical and Environmental Engineering Y&V - Bohorquez Ingenierı´a Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota´, Colombia Bogota´, Colombia Alexander Leguizamon Robayo Jose´ Luis Garcı´a Zapata Chemical Engineering Processing Technologies Norwegian University of Science Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures and Technology Edmonton, AB, Canada Trondheim, Norway Gerardo Rodrı´guez Nino~ Chemical and Environmental Engineering National University of Colombia Bogota´, Colombia ISBN 978-3-319-14811-3 ISBN 978-3-319-14812-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14812-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015955604 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Engineer
    International Hazard Datasheets on Occupation Chemical engineer Who is a chemical engineer? A worker who designs equipment and develops processes for manufacturing chemicals and related products utilizing the principles and technology of chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering and related physical and natural sciences. Conducts research to develop new and improved chemical manufacturing processes. What is dangerous about this job? Risk of explosion from uncontrolled chemical reactions and /or overpressure in processing installations. Exposure to new chemicals with not yet specified toxicity and to carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances. Exposure to chemicals which may cause severe allergic reactions. Exposure to ionizing radiation caused by radioactive materials, used in various processes. Allergic reactions produced by exposure to various chemicals, giving rise to respiratory tract, eye and skin irritations. Stress and anxiety as a result of experimental work which can give rise to unexpected effects. Hazards related to this job Specific preventive measures can be seen by clicking on the respective in the third column of the table. Accident Falls from height during inspection of various industrial installations hazards Slips, trips and falls on the level particularly on floors made wet and slippery as a result of leak or spillage of chemicals Injuries caused by striking against stationary industrial installations or being struck by falling objects, particularly in overcrowded conditions Risk of explosion from uncontrolled
    [Show full text]
  • Process and Plant Design CHE432
    Plant Design CHEN 451 Engineering design of new chemical and petrochemical plants and the expansion or revision of existing ones require the use of engineering principles and theories combined with a practical realization of the limits imposed by industrial conditions. A successful engineer needs more than a knowledge and understanding of the fundamental sciences and the related engineering subjects such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, and computer technology. The engineer must also have the ability to apply this knowledge to practical situations for the purpose of accomplishing something that will be beneficial to society. There are three parameters that must be defined namely: 1-Design: design is a creative activity and is defined as the synthesis, the putting together of ideas to achieve a desired purpose. Also it can be defined as the creation of manufacturing process to fulfill a particular need. The need may be public need or commercial opportunity. 2-Process Design: process design establishes the sequence of chemical and physical operations; operating conditions; the duties, major specifications, and materials of construction (where critical) of all process equipment (as distinguished from utilities and building auxiliaries); the general arrangement of equipment needed to ensure proper functioning of the plant; line sizes; and principal instrumentation. The process design is summarized by a process flowsheet. Process design is intended to include: 1. Flowsheet development. 2. Process material and heat balances. 3. Auxiliary services material and heat balances (utilities requirements). 4. Chemical engineering performance design for specific items of equipments required for a flowsheet. 5. Instrumentation as related to process performance. 6. Preparation of specifications (specification sheets) in proper form for use by the project team as well as for the purchasing function.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nanotechnology Processes Option in Chemical Engineering
    ---11111-------=--------~S=i AIChE special section ) A NANOTECHNOLOGY PROCESSES OPTION IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MILO D. KORETSKY, ALEXANDRE YOKOCHI, AND 8HO KIMURA Oregon State University • Corvallis, OR 97331-2702 ith the substantial investment into the develop­ Milo Koretsky is an associate professor ment of nanotechnology infrastructure for the in the School of Chemical, Biological, and 21st century and beyond, there is a need to adapt Environmental Engineering at Oregon State W University. He received his B.S. and M.S. engineering and science curricula to equip students with the degrees from UC San Diego and his Ph.D. skills and attributes needed to contribute effecti vel y in manu­ from UC Berkeley, all in chemical engineer­ ing. He currently has research activity in ar­ 3 facturing-based processes that rely on nanotechnology_[! l eas related to thin film materials processing The incorporation of nanotechnology into the undergraduate and engineering education and is interested in integrating technology into effective edu­ engineering curriculum represents both an opportunity and cational practices and in promoting the use a challenge. [4l On the one hand, nanotechnology can revi­ of higher-level cognitive skills in engineering talize undergraduate programs by engaging students with problem solving. Alex Yokochi is an assistant professor in interesting nanotechnology-related concepts, examples, and the School of Chemical, Biological, and experiments. On the other hand, due to its inherent interdis­ Environmental Engineering at Oregon ciplinary nature, programs will need to accommodate greater State University. He received a B.S. and M.S. from Southern Illinois University at degrees of interdisciplinary teaching and research.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Site Newsletter
    acDepartmentT of ChemicalIVE and Biologicalsite Engineering FALL 2006 ❙ Issue Number 15 IN THIS ISSUE CBE alums to National Academy ................... page 3 CBE to house atom probe microscope ............ page 4 Mallapragada leads Ames Lab program ......... page 6 www.cbe.iastate.edu www.engineering.iastate.edu Letter from the Chair Dear friends, This has been an eventful year for chemical engineering at Iowa State. Our name change to the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering is confusing to some, but the curriculum and degree name remain chemical engineering. The additional word recognizes the increasing role the biological sciences play in our discipline, especially in certain research applications, and reflects the opportunity students have to emphasize aspects of the biological sciences in their electives program, which is especially useful for those considering careers in medicine and in the food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural chemicals industries. However, the core remains chemical engineering. New faculty hires include Aaron Clapp, recently a postdoc at the Naval Research Lab (see story, this issue) and Laura Jarboe from UCLA, who will join us in 2008 after completing her postdoc at Florida. Surya Mallapragada has been promoted to full professor, Glenn Schrader has left us to become a department head at the University of Arizona, and affiliateMarc Porter has gone to Arizona State, although he remains a collaborating professor with us. Also I am pleased to announce the appointment of Professor Kurt Hebert as associate chair of the department. Kurt Hebert previously served as interim chair during the fall of 2004. Some bad news: after 33 years, University College London has discontinued the summer laboratory program.
    [Show full text]