Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering

Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering Ivań Darıó Gil Chaves Javier Ricardo Guevara Lopez Jose´ Luis Garcıá Zapata Alexander Leguizamon Robayo Gerardo Rodrı´guez Nino~ Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering Ivań Darıó Gil Chaves Javier Ricardo Guevara Lopez Chemical and Environmental Engineering Y&V - Bohorquez Ingenierıá Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota´, Colombia Bogota´, Colombia Alexander Leguizamon Robayo Jose´ Luis Garcıá Zapata Chemical Engineering Processing Technologies Norwegian University of Science Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures and Technology Edmonton, AB, Canada Trondheim, Norway Gerardo Rodrı´guez Nino~ Chemical and Environmental Engineering National University of Colombia Bogota´, Colombia ISBN 978-3-319-14811-3 ISBN 978-3-319-14812-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14812-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015955604 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com) Preface This book has been developed as an alternative to illustrate the use of process simulation as a tool for the analysis of chemical processes and for the conceptual design of unit operations. In the last years, chemical process simulation has become of significant importance due to the evolution of computing tools, which have opened a wider spectrum of possibilities in the use of applications for process integration, dynamic analysis, costs evaluation, and conceptual design of reaction and separation operations. All above added to the need of performing calculations in a fast way in order to focus in the analysis of the obtained information and on other relevant aspects such as safety, green engineering, economic profitability, and many other factors that make the solutions of engineering more competitive. Process simulation is a discipline transversal to all the areas of chemical engineering. The development of many engineering projects demands simulation studies since the preliminary feasibility analysis, conceptual design, detailed design, until the process operation. For that reason, the generation of new process supported in the simulation requires the integration of concepts of chemical engineering and the breeding of innovation abilities. All that integration redounds in controllability studies and dynamic analysis, energy integration, and optimization, which aim to achieve the goals of environmental protection, process safety, and product quality. The last academic reform of the chemical engineering program of the National University of Colombia has punted to a more integral formation, addressed to the reinforcement of the new areas that have become a part of the modern chemical engineering. Modeling and simulation of chemical processes is one subject that appears as a natural response to the always more imperative exigency of the working market in the process design. This book brackets the fundamental concepts of process simulation and brings together in a concise way some of the most important principles of the chemical engineering to apply them in the use of process simulators. To achieve it, the book has been sectioned in ten chapters. The first one attempts to introduce the fundamentals of process simulation in steady state. In the second chapter, thermodynamics and basic criteria for the selection of property packages are addressed. The third and fourth chapters cover to fluid dynamics and v vi Preface heat exchangers, respectively. There the fundamentals that support the calculation of pressure and temperature change operations are illustrated. In Chap. 4, the last part is dedicated to heat integration and the tools available to design and evaluate heat exchanger networks. The fifth chapter deals with chemical reactors making emphasis in the importance of this kind of equipment in the conceptual design of the process. In consequence, with the objective of giving a systematic order from the learning point of view, the sixth chapter regards the operations of vapor–liquid separation, presenting the theory behind the shortcut and rigorous calculations. The last four chapters involve transversal or special topics, beginning with process optimization in Chap. 7, dynamic analysis of processes in Chap. 8, solids operations in Chap. 9 and, finally, some cases of study related to integrated problems with specific applications are addressed in the tenth chapter. According to the goals of the instructor, a typical 16-week semester is enough to cover the entire text. The topics presented in the chapters are organized in an inductive way, starting from the more simple simulation up to some additional and advanced complex problems. As the reader can note, the first four chapters are focused on the fundamentals with special emphasis on thermodynamics and simulation convergence. After that, the core of a chemical process, i.e., chemical reactors, is studied. Column operations and advance distillation technologies are presented after reactors in order to show the importance of solving the separation problems that naturally appear at the outputs of chemical reaction operations. Finally, specific topics are developed to illustrate the application of process simulation in a global way. At National University of Colombia, we teach the one- semester, three-credit course Modeling and Simulation of Chemical Processes. Students attend two 2-h sessions each week. During the sessions, the first part is dedicated to present and discuss some theoretical aspects related to specific prob- lem simulations, then in the last part of the sessions students are encouraged to solve computer simulation exercises, working in pairs. So, examples from each chapter can be used to be solved in exercise session part. Additional problems are proposed at the end of the chapter to be discussed in additional sessions or as homework problems. In this way, some chapters can be covered in a week and others can be covered in 2 weeks. This book is addressed to undergraduates in chemical and process engineering, as a support for the development of courses such as process simulation, process design, process engineering, plant design, and process control. Nonetheless, some sections can also be used in fundamental subjects like chemical reactions and mass transfer operations. The material presented here has been in part developed by the authors and, in part, compiled by Professor Ivań Gil in the lecture of Modeling and Simulation of Chemical Processes, in the undergraduate program of chemical engineering at the National University of Colombia. Also, his experience as instructor of the lecture of Process Plant Design at Andes University, as well as the experience resulting of the development of some research projects and the interaction with real problems of the industry, has influence in the final contents of the book. The solved examples aim to ensure the understanding of all the presented topics and invite the reader to look deeper with more complex and Preface vii elaborated examples. It is expected that the guidelines and examples will allow the effective usage of commercial process simulators and become a consulting guide for all engineers involved in the development of process simulations and computer- assisted process design. The authors state their most sincere thanks to the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering of the National University of Colombia, campus Bogota´, for the lessons learned and the support of all the professors in the department, generating a pleasant environment of work and cooperation. It is also important to mention the support of teaching assistants from Computing Laboratory for Process Analysis and Design, as well as the students from Modeling and Simulation of Chemical Processes, and Process Control lectures. Particularly, we would like to thank some of our graduate students at National University of Colombia: Paola Bastidas, Nelson Borda, Francisco Malagon, Andre´s Ramirez, Edward Sierra, Santiago Vargas, and Karen Pineros,~ who helped us in proofreading and the development of some tests for simulation examples. Bogota´, Colombia Ivań Darıó Gil Chaves Bogota´, Colombia Javier Ricardo Guevara Lopez Edmonton, AB, Canada Jose´ Luis Garcıá Zapata Trondheim, Norway Alexander Leguizamon Robayo Bogota´, Colombia

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