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Technical and Operational Options Catalog TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL OPTIONS CATALOG Proposal for Technical and Operational Options to reduce Fuel Consumption and Emissions from ‘Inter-Atoll Transport’ and ‘Inside-Lagoon Transport’ In the Project Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport in the Republic of the Marshall Islands Between Implemented by Partnered by Published by the University of Applied Sciences Emden-Leer [email protected] Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport Technical and Operational Options Catalog Proposal for Technical and Operational Options to reduce Fuel Consumption and Emissions from Inter-Atoll-Transport and Inside-Lagoon-Transport MCST Framework for TLCSeaT Photo: Karen Earnshaw This report was prepared within the project ‘Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport’ in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Between: Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Implemented by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) Partnered by: The University of the South Pacific (USP) Micronesian Center for Sustainable Transport (MCST) Marshall Island Shipping Cooperation (MISC) RMI Ministry of Transportation & Communications University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer (HEL) Waan Aelõñ in Majel (WAM) Authors: Prof. Capt. Michael Vahs Siegfried Wagner (M.Sc.) Thomas Peetz (M.Sc.) Sascha Strasser (B.Sc.) Henrik Richter-Alten (B.Eng.) Christian Arriens (B.Sc.) Published by the University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, August 2019 The project ‘Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport’ is funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety within the International Climate Initiative of the German Federal Government 2016. Content TLCSeaT - Technical and operational options catalog I. Content I. CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.1 RMI Climate Strategy ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.2 Fleet Survey and Baseline Study ........................................................................................................ 8 1.1.3 Cultural Heritage ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 VISION ................................................................................................................................................... 10 2 INTER-ATOLL TRANSPORT: A CASE STUDY FOR MV KWAJALEIN ............................................................. 12 2.1 SLOW STEAMING ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 COATING AND REGULAR IN WATER HULL CLEANING ........................................................................................ 13 2.3 WIND PROPULSION RETROFIT VARIANTS ....................................................................................................... 14 2.4 SAVING POTENTIAL FROM WIND PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES .......................................................................... 16 2.5 WEATHER ROUTING AND VOYAGE OPTIMIZATION ........................................................................................... 17 2.6 MAIN ENGINE DRIVE TRAIN CONCEPTS ......................................................................................................... 18 2.6.1 Adapt Propeller-Layout to Slow Steaming ....................................................................................... 19 2.6.2 Upgrade to Diesel Electric Drive Train for Increased Efficiency ....................................................... 19 2.6.3 Upgrade Potential to Hybrid-Drive Solution .................................................................................... 20 2.6.4 Use of biofuels ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.7 AUXILIARY ENERGY SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 20 2.8 NAVIGATION ............................................................................................................................................ 21 2.9 CARGO OPERATIONS, HOLD EFFICIENCY AND LOGISTICS ................................................................................... 22 2.10 CARGO AND PASSENGER OPERATION WITH TENDER BOATS – PARALLELS TOWARDS INSIDE-LAGOON TRANSPORT ........ 23 2.11 TRAINING CONCEPTS ................................................................................................................................. 23 3 DETAILED OPERATIONAL AND TECHNICAL OPTIONS FOR INTER-ATOLL TRANSPORT ............................. 24 3.1 DESCRIPTION AND ASSESSMENT SCHEME OF THE PROPOSED MEASURES ............................................................. 24 3.2 CONSIDERATIONS ON ACHIEVABLE SAVINGS POTENTIAL ................................................................................... 24 3.3 FUEL- AND CO2-MONITORING .................................................................................................................... 25 3.4 SLOW STEAMING ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3.4.1 Considerations on the Physics of Hull Resistance ............................................................................ 27 3.4.2 Saving Potential from Slow Steaming ............................................................................................. 29 3.4.3 Interaction with other Technical or Operational Measures ............................................................ 30 3.4.4 Potential of slow steaming for MISC fleet ....................................................................................... 31 3.5 VOYAGE OPTIMIZATION AND WEATHER ROUTING ........................................................................................... 31 3.5.1 Resistance and Power Requirements in Wind and Waves .............................................................. 31 3.5.2 Weather Routing - Conditions in the RMI ........................................................................................ 33 3.5.3 Voyage Optimization ....................................................................................................................... 33 3.5.4 Interaction with other Measures ..................................................................................................... 34 3.6 CARGO OPERATION, HOLD EFFICIENCY AND LOGISTICS .................................................................................... 34 3.6.1 Cargo Operation Equipment ............................................................................................................ 34 3.6.2 Optimizing efficiency of Cargo/Passenger delivery boats ............................................................... 36 3.6.3 Optimizing Cargo Hold Efficiency .................................................................................................... 37 3.6.4 Cargo Logistics................................................................................................................................. 39 3.7 NAVIGATION ............................................................................................................................................ 39 3.7.1 Background on the Role of Navigation Equipment Onboard Ships ................................................. 39 3.7.2 Status and Improvements Onboard the MISC Fleet ........................................................................ 40 3.7.3 Choosing a manufacturer ................................................................................................................ 41 3.7.4 Surveys, Charts, and Aids to Navigation .......................................................................................... 42 3.7.5 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 43 3.8 HULL COATING AND CLEANING .................................................................................................................... 44 3.8.1 Effect of Surface Roughness and Fouling on Hull Resistance .......................................................... 44 3.8.2 Strategies for Dealing with Fouling ................................................................................................. 45 3.8.3 Coating Options ............................................................................................................................... 46 3.8.4 Cleaning Options ............................................................................................................................. 47 3.8.5 Interaction with other Measures ..................................................................................................... 48 3.8.6 Recommendations ..........................................................................................................................
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