World Bank Document
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1997
2440 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 127 Eastern North Paci®c Hurricane Season of 1997 MILES B. LAWRENCE Tropical Prediction Center, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 15 June 1998, in ®nal form 20 October 1998) ABSTRACT The hurricane season of the eastern North Paci®c basin is summarized and individual tropical cyclones are described. The number of tropical cyclones was near normal. Hurricane Pauline's rainfall ¯ooding killed more than 200 people in the Acapulco, Mexico, area. Linda became the strongest hurricane on record in this basin with 160-kt 1-min winds. 1. Introduction anomaly. Whitney and Hobgood (1997) show by strat- Tropical cyclone activity was near normal in the east- i®cation that there is little difference in the frequency of eastern Paci®c tropical cyclones during El NinÄo years ern North Paci®c basin (east of 1408W). Seventeen trop- ical cyclones reached at least tropical storm strength and during non-El NinÄo years. However, they did ®nd a relation between SSTs near tropical cyclones and the ($34 kt) (1 kt 5 1nmih21 5 1852/3600 or 0.514 444 maximum intensity attained by tropical cyclones. This ms21) and nine of these reached hurricane force ($64 kt). The long-term (1966±96) averages are 15.7 tropical suggests that the slightly above-normal SSTs near this storms and 8.7 hurricanes. Table 1 lists the names, dates, year's tracks contributed to the seven hurricanes reach- maximum 1-min surface wind speed, minimum central ing 100 kt or more. pressure, and deaths, if any, of the 1997 tropical storms In addition to the infrequent conventional surface, and hurricanes, and Figs. -
HURRICANE KENNETH (EP132017) 18–23 August 2017
NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT HURRICANE KENNETH (EP132017) 18–23 August 2017 Robbie Berg National Hurricane Center 26 January 2018 NASA-NOAA SUOMI NPP ENHANCED INFRARED SATELLITE IMAGE OF HURRICANE KENNETH AT 1034 UTC 21 AUGUST 2017 WHILE AT PEAK INTENSITY Kenneth was a category 4 hurricane (on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) over the eastern North Pacific Ocean that did not affect land. Hurricane Kenneth 2 Hurricane Kenneth 18–23 AUGUST 2017 SYNOPTIC HISTORY Kenneth formed from the interaction of two tropical waves which moved off the west coast of Africa on 29 July and 2 August. The first wave moved across the Atlantic Ocean and northern South America at low latitudes and reached the eastern North Pacific Ocean on 8 August. At that point, the wave became more convectively active, but it moved only slowly westward for the next week due to its position south of Hurricane Franklin over the Bay of Campeche. In the meantime, the second tropical wave spawned Hurricane Gert over the western Atlantic, with the southern portion of the wave reaching the eastern North Pacific waters on 12 August. With the subtropical ridge rebuilding over the Gulf of Mexico, the second wave moved at a faster speed toward the west and reached the first tropical wave on 16 August (Fig. 1). The interaction of the two waves caused the development of a low by 1200 UTC 17 August about 530 n mi southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. Convective banding became more organized and persistent through the day, and the low was designated as a tropical depression by 0600 UTC 18 August about 585 n mi south- southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula. -
World Bank Document
LatIN AMERIca & CARIBBEAN REGION Environment & Water Resources Uncertain Future, Robust Decisions OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES The Case of Climate Change Public Disclosure Authorized Adaptation in Campeche, Mexico Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The Environment and Water Resources Occasional Paper Series was developed under the direction of Karin Kemper, Sector Manager for Environment and Water Resources in the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LCSEN) of the World Bank. The publications in this Series were designed and produced by GRC Direct under the supervision of Emilia Battaglini and Rachel Pasternack (LCSEN). A list of the most recent papers is on the back cover of this publication. For electronic copies of all our LAC Environment & Water Resources Occasional Papers please visit our website: www.worldbank.org/lac Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. -
Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs. -
Baseline Assessment Study on Wastewater Management Belize
Caribbean Regional Fund for Wastewater Management Baseline Assessment Study on Wastewater Management Belize December 2013 Revised January 2015 Baseline Assessment Study for the GEF CReW Project: Belize December 2013 Prepared by Dr. Homero Silva Revised January 2015 CONTENTS List of Acronyms....................................................................................................................................................iii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. The National Context ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Description of the Country .................................................................................................................. 4 Geographic Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 6 Economy by Sectors ............................................................................................................................ 9 The Environment .............................................................................................................................. 13 Land Use, Land Use Changes and Forestry (LULUCF) ....................................................................... 20 Disasters .......................................................................................................................................... -
1 at a GLANCE Over the Last Three Months (June
SUMMARY Forecasts favor above-average temperatures September 2017 for all of the Rio Grande/Bravo Basin, and below-average precipitation for Central/East Texas, through December. AT A GLANCE Las Cruces, NM & El Paso, TX The Paso del Norte region has Central/East Texas experienced an above-average Above-average temperatures and monsoon season. below-average precipitation is forecasted through December, Southwest Texas/Northeast resulting in above-average fire Mexico potential for November/December. Drought conditions improved over the past month, but moderate drought and abnormally dry conditions remain along the U.S.-Mexico border, south of Del Rio, TX. REGIONAL CLIMATE OVERVIEW JUNE | JULY | AUGUST Over the last three months (June – August) precipitation was 25–90% below average for most of the Rio Grande Basin (Figure 1; left). Exceptions were southern and eastern New Mexico and areas in West Texas, where precipitation was 130–200% above average. Temperatures were above average (0–3 °F; 0–1.7 °C) for most of New Mexico and West and South Texas over the same time period (Figure 1; right). Figure 1 (above): Percent of average precipitation (left) and departure from average temperature in degrees F (right), compared to the 1981–2010 climate average, for 6/1/2017–8/31/2017. Maps from HPRCC. 1 RIO GRANDE|BRAVO CLIMATE IMPACTS & OUTLOOK SEPTEMBER 2017 There were practically no changes in the distribution of above-average temperatures in northern Mexico between June and August 2017. The highest anomalies greater than 5 °C (9 °F) (Figure 2, left) above average were observed mainly in southern Chihuahua, western Durango, and areas in Northeast Mexico. -
World Heritage Vs. Tonameca Tourism, Oaxaca, Mexico” 167
Rodiles Hernández, S. L. (2013): “World Heritage vs. Tonameca tourism, Oaxaca, Mexico” 167 World Heritage vs. Tonameca tourism, Oaxaca, Mexico Sofía Lorena Rodiles Hernández Universidad del Mar, Oaxaca [email protected] Recibido: 29-04-2013 Aceptado: 27-06-2013 Keywords: Heritage; tourism; culture Palabras clave: Patrimonio; turismo; and community. cultura y comunidad. ABSTRACT RESUMEN This paper deals with the problems of a Patrimonio vs. turismo en Tonameca, community that is thrown into a Oaxaca, México. El presente trabajo tourism project, without being taken trata sobre la problemática de una into account, expropriating land from comunidad que se ve inmersa en un the federal government to expand the proyecto turístico, sin ser tomada en road and then develop a tourism cuenta, expropiando de parte del corridor to consolidate the CIP gobierno federal tierras para ampliar la Huatulco and Puerto Escondido. carretera y posteriormente desarrollar un corredor turístico que permita For explanatory purposes described consolidar el CIP Huatulco y Puerto physically, economically and socially to Escondido. the community of Santa Maria Tonameca , the break points in its Para fines explicativos se describe history from its founding as a town in física, económica y socialmente a la 1921 , its flood disaster 1939 , 2004 , comunidad de Santa María Tonameca, 1997 Hurricane Pauline , his inclusion los puntos de quiebre en su historia in the processes Finally , historical and desde su fundación como municipio en current issues in the integration -
Behind Every Good Team
-----~ Go Irish ... Beat Panthers Money Problems??? • The Irish hockey team opens its season tonight at home against Western Ontario. a Roadtripping to Pitt or just watching the • Professor Charles Hice asks The game will begin at 7 p.m. in the Joyce game on TV? Cheek out Accent for all the why the University is "robbing Center. Last year's team won the match info on this week's Irish enemy. non-wealthy students." up 2-1. p. 12 & 13 p. 11 Back Page Friday, October 10, 1997 • Vol. XXXI No. 35 THE INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER SERVING NOTRE DAME AND SAINT MARY'S .. Ashley: Pleasure ·---·-·------~----- -- ·-·----~·- --------~ Friday Feature -----~ should not be the sole intent of sex By HEATHER MACKENZIE Assistant News Editor "For every Christian homosexual. chaste celibacy is the true vocation." Father Benedict Ashley, Notre Dame alumnus and professor emeritus, presented a theological answer to questions about human sexuality and homosexuality in a lecture yesterday afternoon. In an effort to present a Biblical understand ing of homosexuality. Ashley first discussed the Scriptural interpretation of marriage. "Marriage is to be a covenant of love that is both faithful and fruitful," he said. "God created man and woman in marriage to complement each other for these two purposes." 'Heterosexuality is an achievement. The Observer/Kevin Dalum · Every person has the Student managers work at football practices doing everything from assisting coaches, preparing the game field and chance to attain it.· painting the football helmets the traditional Irish gold color. Father Benedict Ashley . Behind every good team ••• Ashley explained that this type of union is not come many perks: managers who purely physical, but also psychological and spiri I Athletic managers stay on beyond sophomore year tual: "We arc told in Ephesians that this is a Atypical manager's schedule receive at no charge a full wardrobe union of love like Christ's own love for his peo I dedicate energy, Thursday before a game weekend of Notre Dame sports clothes both ple." for work and their own use. -
WMO Bulletin, Volume 32, No. 4
- ~ THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) is a specialized agency of the Un ited Nations WMO was created: - to faci litate international co-operation in the establishment of networks of stations and centres to provide meteorological and hydrologica l services and observations, 11 - to promote the establishment and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteoro logical and related information, - to promote standardization of meteorological and related observations and ensure the uniform publication of observations and statistics, - to further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping, water problems, ag ricu lture and other hu man activities, - to promote activi ties in operational hydrology and to further close co-operation between Meteorological and Hydrological Services, - to encourage research and training in meteorology and, as appropriate, in related fi elds. The World Me!eorological Congress is the supreme body of the Organization. It brings together the delegates of all Members once every four years to determine general policies for the fulfilment of the purposes of the Organization. The ExecuTive Council is composed of 36 directors of national Meteorological or Hydrometeorologica l Services serving in an individual capacity; it meets at least once a year to supervise the programmes approved by Congress. Six Regional AssociaTions are each composed of Members whose task is to co-ordinate meteorological and re lated activities within their respective regions. Eight Tee/mica! Commissions composed of experts designated by Members, are responsible for studying meteorologica l and hydro logica l operational systems, app li ca ti ons and research. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Preside/11: R. L. KI NTA NA R (Phil ippines) Firs! Vice-Presidenl: Ju. -
Notable Tropical Cyclones and Unusual Areas of Tropical Cyclone Formation
A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land.[1] The EU Floods directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water.[2] In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.[3] While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, it is not a significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by man like a village, city or other inhabited area. Floods can also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers. While flood damage can be virtually eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, since time out of mind, people have lived and worked by the water to seek sustenance and capitalize on the gains of cheap and easy travel and commerce by being near water. That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding. The word "flood" comes from the Old English flod, a word common to Germanic languages (compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare with Latin fluctus, flumen). -
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories. -
Preparedness and Mitigation in the Americas
PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION IN THE AMERICAS Issue No. 79 News and Information for the International Disaster Community January 2000 Inappropriate Relief Donations: What is the Problem? f recent disasters worldwide are any indication, Unsolicited clothing, canned foods and, to a lesser the donation of inappropriate supplies remains extent, pharmaceuticals and medical supplies, I a serious problem for the affected countries. continue to clog the overburdened distribution networks during the immediate aftermath of highly-publicized tragedies. This issue per- sists in spite of health guidelines issued by the World Health Organization, a regional policy adopted by the Ministries of Health of Latin America and the Caribbean, and the educational lobbying efforts of a consortium of primarily European NGOs w w w. wemos.nl). I N S I D E Now the Harvard School of Public Health has partially addressed the issue in a com- prehensive study of U.S. pharmaceutical News from d o n a t i o n s (w w w. h s p h . h a r v a r d . e d u / f a c u l t y / PAHO/WHO r e i c h / d o n a t i o n s / i n d e x . h t m). Although the 2 study correctly concluded that the "problem A sports complex in Valencia, Venezuela, which served as the main temporary shel- Other ter for the population displaced by the disaster, illustrates what happens when an may be more serious in disaster relief situa- Organizations enormous amount of humanitarian aid arrives suddenly in a country.