Five Songs Celebrating Earth Day

SPECIAL COLLECTION of Songs Puzzles Worksheets Classroom Materials

featuring the music of Rhythm, Rhyme, Results ...the other 3 R’s

LAYERS OF THE EARTH Lyrics Recall Track Lyrics Lyric Word Scramble Terms and Events Numbers Crossword Puzzle

RADIATION , CONDUCTION , CONVECTION Lyrics Recall Track Lyrics Lyric Word Scramble What’s the Same, What’s Different Which Is It? Crossword Puzzle

SUN , EARTH , MOON Lyrics Recall Track Lyrics Lyric Word Scramble Matching Game Crossword Puzzle

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Lyrics Recall Track Lyrics Lyric Word Scramble Formulas, Letters Put Your Thinking Caps On! Crossword Puzzle

WATER CYCLE Lyrics Recall Track Lyrics Lyric Word Scramble Worksheet Can You Spell This? Crossword Puzzle

RESOURCES Useful websites LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR song “Layers of the Earth”

LYRICS

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse I The layer we’ll discuss first Is the central inner core, in the center of the earth A solid ball buried below the dirt We believe it’s primarily metallic iron

You could never take a trip to the inner core, right? The heat will burn you up , 9,000º Fahrenheit 4,000 miles below the Earth’s crust One down three to go y’all.

1,800 miles from the tip top The outer core is hard at work and it don’t stop. It’s busy spinning around the inner core, and listen, This steady movement causes Earth’s magnetism.

Ranging from 4 to 9,000 degrees, It contributes 1/5 of the heat flowin’ to you and me. It’s liquid metals that violently flow So let it settle… and when you’re ready let me know. Just…

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse II The mantle layer is the largest of the class. About half of our planet’s mass. The mantel is composed of very hot dense rocks, That move and flow, always on the go, they never lock,

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LYRICS…………..Layers of the Earth……………………………………..continued

Never stop, and they’re responsible for tectonic shift Please believe the Earth’s plates are adrift It’s pretty thick and the heat is awesome 1,600 at the top, 4,000 at the bottom

The continental crust’s surface is where we breathe A lot of rock up to 25 miles deep. The oceanic crust is next door It’s 3-5 miles thick just below the ocean floor.

Earth's surface: 70% H 20. Where do you get all that water? Salty sea flow, fresh water’s in the glaciers, ice caps, and snow.

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR song “Layers of the Earth”, Recall Track™

RECALL TRACK LYRICS

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse I The layer we’ll discuss first Is the central ______, in the center of the earth A solid ball buried below the dirt We believe it’s primarily ______

You could never take a trip to the inner core, right? The heat will burn you up, ______Fahrenheit ______miles below the Earth’s crust One down three to go y’all.

______miles from the tip top The outer core is hard at work and it don’t stop. It’s busy spinning around the inner core, and listen, This steady movement causes Earth’s ______

Ranging from ______degrees, It contributes ____of the heat flowin’ to you and me. It’s ______that violently flow So let it settle… and when you’re ready let me know. Just…

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse II The ______layer is the largest of the class. About ______of our planet’s mass. The mantel is composed of ______That move and flow, always on the go, they never lock, Never stop, and they’re responsible for ______Please believe the Earth’s plates are adrift It’s pretty thick and the heat is awesome ______at the top, ______at the bottom

The ______crust’s surface is where we breathe A lot of rock up to ______miles deep. The ______crust is next door It’s ______miles thick just below the ocean floor.

Earth's surface: ______Where do you get all that water? ______fresh water’s in ______

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR song “Layers of the Earth”

LYRIC WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse I The layer we’ll discuss first Is the central 1. ______(creeinnro) (2 words) in the

2. ______(trnece) of the earth A solid ball buried below the dirt

We believe it’s primarily 3. ______(inmroeatllic) (2words) You could never take a trip to the inner core, right?

The 4. ______(thea) will burn you up, 9,000º Fahrenheit 4,000 miles below the Earth’s crust One down three to go y’all.

1,800 miles from the tip top

The 5. ______(croeotreu) (2 words) is hard at work and it don’t stop. It’s busy spinning around the inner core, and listen, This steady movement causes Earth’s 6. ______(tgnemmasi).

Ranging from 4 to 9,000 degrees, It contributes 1/5 of the heat flowin’ to you and me.

It’s 7. ______(mtlqiasueidl) (2words) that violently flow

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE …………..Layers of the Earth…………………..Page 2

So let it settle… and when you’re ready let me know. Just…

Chorus Throw your hands up for the layers of the earth Throw ‘em up for what's below the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss The inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust

Verse II The 8. ______(telnam) layer is the largest of the class. About 9.______(flah) of our planet’s mass.

The mantel is composed of very

10. ______(tdoesnkcsroeh) (3 words) That move and flow, always on the go, they never lock,

Never stop, and they’re responsible for

11. ______( tttccnshiieof) (2 words)

Please believe the Earth’s 12. ______(esplta) are adrift

It’s pretty thick and the 13. ______(etah) is awesome

1,600 at the top, 4,000 at the 14. ______(moottb)

The 15. ______(ninntlacote) crust’s surface is where we breathe

A lot of 16. ______(rkoc) up to 25 miles deep.

The 17. ______(ieaccon) crust is next door

It’s 3-5 miles thick just below the 18.______(ofoolcanre). (2 words)

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE …………..Layers of the Earth…………………..Page 3

19.______( rthea) ’s surface: 70% H 20.

Where do you get all that water? Salty 20.______(sfwlaoe) (2 words), fresh water’s in the 21. ______(creslgia),

22.______( ccepsia) (2 words) and 23.______(nows) .

Chorus Throw your hands up for the 24.______(ylraes) of the

25. ______(rathe)

Throw ‘em up for what's 26. ______(blewo ) the surface Throw your hands up, and let's discuss

The 27 .______(cnnoerier) (2 words) ,

28.______(rrtooceue) (2 words) ,

29. ______(tmeanl) , and 30.______(ustcr)

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR song “Layers of the Earth”

ANSWER KEY

LYRIC WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

1. creeinnro = inner core 2. trnece = center 3. inmroeatllic = metallic iron 4. thea = heat 5. croeotreu = outer core 6. tgnemmasi = magnetism 7. mtlqiasueidl = liquid metals 8. telnam = mantle 9. flah = half 10. tdoesnkcsroeh = hot dense rocks 11. tttccnshiieof = tectonic shift 12. esplta = plates 13. etah = heat 14. moottb = bottom 15. ninntlacote = continental 16. rkoc = rock 17. ieaccon = oceanic 18. ofoolcanre = ocean floor 19. rthea = earth 20. sfwlaoe = sea flow 21. creslgia = glaciers 22. ccepsia = ice caps 23. nows = snow 24. ylraes = layers 25. rathe = earth 26. blewo = below 27. cnnoerier = inner core 28. rrtooceue = outer core 29. tmeanl = mantle 30. ustcr = crust

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR song “Layers of the Earth”

WORKSHEET/QUIZ Terms, Events, Locations & Facts

Circle the letter or answer that you think is correct, or write your own answer in the space designated “‘other”. Use the RRR lyric sheet to help you find your answers.

TERMS - WHAT DO THEY MEAN ?

1. What does Fahrenheit measure?

A. distance B. volume C. temperature D. area E. other______

2. If Fahrenheit uses a scale to measure, what is the unit of measure called?

A. decibel B. degree C. inch D. kilogram E. other______

3. The term ‘tectonic shift’ refers to what earthly event?

A. moving of the earth’s plates B. moving of icebergs near the poles

C. moving of the outer core around the inner core

D. moving of the earth around the sun

E. other______

4. Parts of the earth are called the inner and outer core(s). Why do you think the term ‘core’ is used?

A. because it is very hot in that part of the earth

B. because there is no water or land in that part of the earth

C. because they are located at the center of the earth

D. because there is no sunlight in that part of the earth

E. other______

SOURCE : Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . TERMS, LOCATIONS, EVENTS & FACTS…….Layers of the Earth…………Page 2

5. The song refers to the continental ‘crust’ and the oceanic ‘crust’. Why do you think they are called a ‘crust’ rather than a ‘core’?

A. because they are thicker than a core and are located deep inside the earth.

B. because they are made up of more dense materials than a core.

C. because we already used the words core and mantle.

D. because they are the thinnest and are on the outside of the earth.

E. Other______

EVENTS - WHAT ’S GOING ON ?

6. What events occur in the earth’s mantle that do not occur in any other part of the earth?

A. magnetism is produced because of the movement

B. heat comes up onto the earth’ surface

C. tectonic plate shifts can happen

D. icebergs melt quickly because of the heat

E. other______

7. The song refers to magnetism being produced by what event?

A. heat coming through the mantle of the earth

B. tectonic plate shifts on the oceanic/continental crust

C. the tides of the ocean on the surface of the earth

D. the steady movement of the outer core around the inner core

E. other______

SOURCE : Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . TERMS, LOCATIONS, EVENTS & FACTS…….Layers of the Earth…………Page 3

8. What ongoing event contributes 20% of the earth’s surface heat ?

A. The heat being continually generated from the outer core through the mantle onto the earth’s surface.

B. global warming which occurs on the earth’s surface

C. the tectonic plates in the mantle shifting underneath the ocean

D. too much sun and too little rain on the earth’s surface

E. other______

LOCATIONS - WHERE IS IT ?

9. Where is the inner core of the earth located?

A. on the surface B. beneath the ocean C. above the earth

D. at the very center E. other ______

10. Where is the mantle of the earth located?

A. on the surface B. between the outer core and the crust

C. just above the earth D. between the inner and outer core

E. other______

11. Where is the continental crust located?

A. on the surface B. beneath the ocean C. above the earth

D. at the very center E. other______

12. Where is the oceanic crust located?

A. on the surface B. just above the earth C. below the mantle

SOURCE : Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . TERMS, LOCATIONS, EVENTS & FACTS…….Layers of the Earth…………Page 4

D. At the very center E. other______

13. One important part of the earth’s interior that has not been mentioned in questions 9-11. Where is it located?

A. on the surface B. between the inner core and the mantle

C. between the oceanic and continental crusts D. inside the inner core

E. other______

FACTS - WHICH , WHY AND HOW COME ?

14. Much of the earth appears to be liquid. Why is this?

A. because there is so much water on the surface

B. because of the intense heat in the earth’s core(s) and mantle

C. because it rains a lot

D. because there is no vegetation in the center of the earth

E. other______

15. Which is the thickest part of the earth? (read the lyrics carefully for this answer!)

A. the mantle B. the continental and oceanic crust C. the inner core

D. the outer core E. other______

16. Which is the coolest part of the earth?

A. the inner core B. the mantle C. the outer core

D. the continental and oceanic crust E. other ______

SOURCE : Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . TERMS, LOCATIONS, EVENTS & FACTS…….Layers of the Earth…………Page 5

17. What is a unique characteristic of the earth’s mantle?

A. it is responsible for tectonic shifts

B. it is the hottest part of the earth

C. It is the only part of the earth that is probably totally liquid

D. it is totally solid and never moves

E. other______

18. If the earth gets most of its water from the ‘salty’ sea, how does the ‘fresh’ water get into the glaciers and ice caps?

A. it seeps up from underneath the ocean

B. it comes from the sky in the form of snow

C. it is a result of tectonic plate shifts

D. it doesn’t

E. other______

19. How many major sections of the earth’s interior are there?

A. 3 B.5 C.4 D.2 E. other______

20. What important natural element exists in the inner core of the earth that contributes to the outer core magnetism.?

A. gold bullion B. crude oil C. a bunch of rocks

D. metallic iron E. other______

SOURCE : Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR song “Layers of the Earth”

ANSWER KEY

WORKSHEET/QUIZ Terms, Events, Locations & Facts

Circle the letter or answer that you think is correct, or write your own answer in the space designated “‘other”. Use the RRR lyric sheet to help you find your answers.

TERMS - WHAT DO THEY MEAN ? 1. What does Fahrenheit measure? C. Temperature 2. If Fahrenheit uses a scale to measure, what is the unit of measure called? B. degree 3. The term ‘tectonic shift’ refers to what earthly event? A. moving of the earth’s plates (the theory of plate tectonics, meaning “plate structure”, explains the movement or shifting of the Earth’s plates. At the boundaries of the plates, they interact and slip, collide or shift as they separate from one another).

4. Parts of the earth are called the inner and outer core(s). Why do you think the term ‘core is used? C. because they are located at the center of the earth. 5. The song refers to the continental ‘crust’ and the oceanic ‘crust’. Why do you think they are called a crust rather than a core? D. because they are the thinnest and are on the outside of the earth.

EVENTS - WHAT’S GOING ON ? 6. What events occur in the earth’s mantle that do not occur in any other part of the earth? C. tectonic plate shifts can happen 7. The song refers to magnetism being produced by what event? D. the steady movement of the outer core around the inner core (the outer core is primarily iron as is the inner core, and it is generally accepted that the Earth’s magnetic field is probably caused by the inherent properties of its molten iron core. This magnetic field is aligned with the north and south poles.)

8. What ongoing event contributes 20% of the earth’s surface heat? A. the heat being continually generated from the outer core through the mantle onto the earth’s surface. (Heat is being conducted by a process called convection from the hot outer core through the mantle into the cooler outer mantle and into the crust)

SOURCE : Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . TERMS, LOCATIONS, EVENTS & FACTSANSWER KEY.Layers of the Earth Page 2

LOCATIONS - WHERE IS IT ? 9. Where is the inner core of the earth located? D. at the very center 10. Where is the mantle of the earth located? B. between the outer core and the crust 11. Where is the continental crust located? A. on the surface 12. Where is the oceanic crust located? A. on the surface 13. One important part of the earth’s interior that has not been mentioned in questions 9-11. Where is it located? B. between the inner core and the mantle

FACTS - WHICH , WHY AND HOW COME ?

14. Much of the earth appears to be liquid. Why is this? B. because of the intense heat in the earth’s core(s) and mantle 15. Which is the thickest part of the earth? A. the mantle 16. Which is the coolest part of the earth? D. the continental and oceanic crust 17. What is a unique characteristic of the earth’s mantle? A. it is responsible for tectonic shifts 18. If the earth gets most of its water from the ‘salty’ sea, how des the ‘fresh’ water get into the glaciers and ice caps? B. it comes from the sky in the form of snow (Glaciers are slowing moving masses of ice formed by compacted layers of snow. Glacier ice is the largest reservoir of fresh water on earth covering vast areas of polar regions and mountain ranges)

19. How many major sections of the earth’s interior are there? C. 4 (There are a number of subsections as well, but we are only dealing with the major ones here) 20. What important natural element exists in the inner core of the earth that contributes to the outer core magnetism? D. metallic iron (metallic iron is iron in the state of the metal, as distinguished from its ores, can also be known as magnetic iron.)

WEB SOURCES www.enchangedlearning.com and www.wikipedia.com offer more detail information and graphs on the earth, its layers and composition.

SOURCE : Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR lyrics and song “Layers of the Earth”

FUN WITH NUMBERS Choose correct answers from Page 2 to fill in the blanks.

1. The thickness of the outer core is ______miles.

2-3. The mantle layer is about ______or ______% of the Earth’s mass.

4. The inner core is approx ______degrees Fahrenheit.

5. The oceanic crust is about ______miles thick.

6. Water covers about ______of the Earth’s surface.

7- 8. The Earth’s mantle is cooler at the top than at the bottom.

Temperatures range from ______degrees at the top to

______degrees at the bottom.

9. The continental crust is ______miles deep.

10-11. The outer core contributes ______or ______% of the Earth’s surface heat.

12. The inner core is about ______miles below the Earth’s crust.

13. The formula for water is ______.

14. If the mantle is below both the continental and oceanic crust of the Earth, approximately how many miles below the ocean floor is it? ______

15. How many major layers of the Earth are there?______

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com Cambridge. MA . [email protected] LAYERS OF THE EARTH….Fun with Numbers…………….Page 2

Choose your answers from this list (note! There are more choices for answers than there are questions and one answer is used twice!)

25 2000 50% 1800 1/4 H20

14 70% 1500 3-5 40% 28-30

420 half none 1600 4 10

9000 4000 33.3% 1/5 2500 20%

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com Cambridge. MA . [email protected] LAYERS OF THE EARTH To be used with RRR lyrics and song “Layers of the Earth”

ANSWER KEY

FUN WITH NUMBERS Choose correct answers from Page 2 to fill in the blanks.

1. The thickness of the outer core is 1,800 miles.

2-3. The mantle layer is about half or 50% of the Earth’s mass.

4. The inner core is approx 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

5. The oceanic crust is about 3- 5 miles thick.

6. Water covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface.

7- 8. The Earth’s mantle is cooler at the top than at the bottom.

Temperatures range from 1,600 degrees at the top to 4,000 degrees at the bottom.

9. The continental crust is 25 miles deep.

10-11. The outer core contributes 1/5 or 20 % of the Earth’s surface heat.

12. The inner core is about 4,000 miles below the Earth’s crust.

13. The formula for water is H20.

14. If the mantle is below both the continental and oceanic crust of the Earth, approximately how many miles below the ocean floor is it? 28-30 miles

15. How many major layers of the Earth are there? 4

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com Cambridge. MA . [email protected] LAYERS OF THE EARTH CROSSWORD PUZZLE

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

9 10 11 12

14 15

16 17

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results...the other 3 R's www.educationalrap.com

ACROSS DOWN

5 the inner and outer ____are rarely referred to as one 1 the iron in the inner core is in _____ form 6 the mantle of the Earth accounts for almost ____of 2 there are four distinct ______of the Earth the planet's mass 3 the Earth's surface is 70% ______7 the layer of Earth that accounts for almost 1/2 of the 4 a source of 'fresh' water on Earth planet 8 the oceanic and continental_____ are often referred 9 the hottest layer of the Earth (2 words) to as one 11 the thickness and the depth of the Earth are 10 the inner core and the ______are responsible measured in ______for the Earth's magnetism (2 words) 13 the fraction 1/5 = _____% 12 the layer of the Earth that ranges from 4,000 to 14 the outer core and the _____ are cooler on the top 9,000 degrees (2 words) than on the bottom 13 the Earth's mantle ranges from 1,800 to 4______16 'tectonic shift' refers to the movement of ______degrees 17 the thinnest layer of the Earth (2 words) 14 the full name of the element that helps create the 18 what the units of measure that are used to measure Earth's magnetic field (2 words) the Earth's heat are called 15 the movement of plates in the Earth's mantle is 20 the continential crust is made up primarily of ____ commonly known as ______(2 words) 22 the name of the temperature scale used to measure 19 what the core at the center of the earth is called Earth's heat is ______21 the iron in the outer core is in ______form 23 the coolest layer of the Earth (2 words) LAYERS OF THE EARTH CROSSWORD PUZZLE Solution: S L W G C O R E H A L F M A N T L E L C Y T A I N N E R C O R E M I L E S C O D U U R R I U S T S T W E N T Y M A N T L E T H R E E R E O R P L A T E S O C E A N I C C R U S T C A O T S O L D E G R E E S O A R L E N N E I I D I C R O C K N I L S N R I F A H R E N H E I T O Q I R

N U F C O N T I N E N T A L C R U S T D Radiation, Conduction, Convection To be used with RRR song “Radiation, Conduction, Convection”

LYRICS Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

Verse I First things first, let’s discuss heat What it is before you pay for it to warm your feet Heat is the energy that flows when atoms and molecules move It diffuses out toward coolness temperature is the measurement of The average motion of these atoms And molecules in the atmosphere So there have it

Now, the first way of transportation of heat energy is radiation Like sound waves from your radio stations Filling the empty space around you Your radiator warms you, but don’t start a fire now, I warned you Heat is going through radiation from the sun Before it burns you from 93 million miles away To re-radiate this heat is what the earth does for you This is survival what this heat is going through Before it rises to the sky and it’s gone so…

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA . [email protected] LYRICS…Radiation, Conduction, Convection…………………………...Page 2

Verse II conduction is the second method on my list You can feel it like a hot pot on your fist With the handle gripped I bet you'd rather grab a candle lit ‘Cause it’s heat through conduction that causes this

Atoms in matter in a fixed position vibrate when heated Like a pan in the kitchen Transmit the heat energy to atoms next to them That are cooler than they are to cause equilibrium To even out the temperature the heat has to travel Up the spoon in your tea in the morning with your bagel It might burn your hand, but just learn the land of conduction heat energy until you understand The earth gains little from conduction It’s mostly radiation that helps us function and keeps us warm It’s just another way for heat to move But now let’s move on to method three to prove…

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

Verse III convection is the movement of heat in liquids and gases To even out the temperature fastest This process is called diffusion It’s a flow of particles cold and hot in a fluid If you're not listening, then stop what you're doing ‘Cause this final mode that heat can move in And this affects you everyday It’s the breeze at your back and the wind at your face

When heat reaches the earth it rises at a rate

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA . [email protected]

LYRICS…Radiation, Conduction, Convection…………………………...Page 3

With the air in the place and it moves up till it cools Trillions of molecules together Make up the weather that we see on the news It’s how they measure the pressure of the air and the temperature But convection is how it got there in the atmosphere So don’t be scared. Heat moves in three ways So we made things clear, it’s like…..

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

RECALL LYRICS Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

Verse I First things first, let’s discuss heat What it is before you pay for it to warm your feet Heat is the ______that flows when ______move It diffuses out toward coolness

______is the measurement of The average motion of these atoms And molecules in the atmosphere So there have it

Now, the first way of transportation of heat energy is ______Like sound waves from your radio stations Filling the empty space around you Your radiator warms you, but don’t start a fire now, I warned you Heat is going through ______from the sun Before it burns you from 93 million miles away To ______this heat is what the earth does for you This is survival what this heat is going through Before it rises to the sky and it’s gone so…

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

Verse II ______is the second method on my list You can feel it like a hot pot on your fist With the handle gripped I bet you'd rather grab a candle lit ‘Cause it’s heat through ______that causes this

Atoms in matter in a fixed position ______when heated Like a pan in the kitchen Transmit the heat energy to atoms next to them That are cooler than they are to cause ______To even out the temperature the heat has to travel Up the spoon in your tea in the morning with your bagel It might burn your hand, but just learn the land of ______heat energy until you understand The earth gains little from ______It’s mostly ______that helps us function and keeps us warm It’s just another way for heat to move But now let’s move on to method three to prove…

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

Verse III ______is the movement of heat in ______To even out the temperature fastest This process is called ______It’s a flow of particles cold and hot in a ______If you're not listening, then stop what you're doing ‘Cause this final mode that heat can move in And this affects you everyday It’s the breeze at your back and the wind at your face

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA . [email protected]

LYRICS…Radiation, Conduction, Convection…………………………...Page 3

When heat reaches the earth it rises at a rate

With the air in the place and it moves up till it cools Trillions of ______together Make up the weather that we see on the news It’s how they measure the pressure of the air and the temperature But ______is how it got there in the ______So don’t be scared. Heat moves in three ways So we made things clear, it’s like…..

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

Chorus There are 1. ______(rehte) ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and convection

Verse I First things first, let’s discuss heat What it is before you pay for it to warm your feet

Heat is the 2. ______(yeengr) that flows when

3. ______(smota) and 4. ______(llseeucom) move It diffuses out toward coolness

5. ______(mreutaperet) is the measurement of

The 6. ______(aaeegrv) motion of these atoms And molecules in the atmosphere So there have it

Now, the first way of transportation of heat energy is

7. ______(natirdaio) Like sound waves from your radio stations Filling the empty space around you Your radiator warms you, but don’t start a fire now, I warned you

Heat is going through radiation from the 8. ______(usn) Before it burns you from 93 million miles away To re-radiate this heat is what the earth does for you This is survival what this heat is going through Before it rises to the sky and it’s gone so…

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA . [email protected]

LYRICS…Radiation, Conduction, Convection…………………………...Page 2

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow

And disperses in 9. ______(dotraaiin), conduction, and convection

Verse II 10. ______(cdnoitoucn) is the second method on my list You can feel it like a hot pot on your fist With the handle gripped I bet you'd rather grab a candle lit ‘Cause it’s heat through conduction that causes this

Atoms in matter in a 11. ______(dxife) position

12. ______( aetvibr) when heated like a pan in the kitchen

Transmit the 13. ______(theagyneer) (2 words) to atoms next to them That are 14. ______(oorlce) than they are to cause

15. ______(briliqumeui) To even out the temperature the heat has to travel Up the spoon in your tea in the morning with your bagel It might burn your hand, but just learn the land of conduction heat energy until you understand

The earth gains little from conduction It’s mostly radiation that helps us function and keeps us warm It’s just another way for heat to move But now let’s move on to method three to prove…

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction

From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow

And disperses in radiation, 16. ______(tnccoodiun) and convection

Verse III 17. ______(ovctencoin) is the movement of heat in

18. ______(sidiqul) and 19. ______(ssgae) To even out the temperature fastest This process is called 20.______(nfifiduso)

It’s a flow of particles cold and hot in a 21. ______(ldufi) If you're not listening, then stop what you're doing ‘Cause this final mode that heat can move in And this affects you everyday It’s the breeze at your back and the wind at your face

When heat reaches the earth it rises at a rate With the air in the place and it moves up till it cools

Trillions of 22. ______(llcomeseu) together

Make up the 23. ______(reathew) that we see on the news It’s how they measure the pressure of the air and the temperature But convection is how it got there in the

24. ______( mostpehrea) So don’t be scared. Heat moves in three ways So we made things clear, it’s like…..

Chorus There are three ways that heat can travel But it can travel in any direction From the sun it moves to the earth, quick as a shadow And disperses in radiation, conduction, and

25. ______(ctcoonveni)

ANSWER KEY

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

1. rehte = three 2. yeengr = energy 3. smota = atoms 4. llseeucom = molecules 5. mreutaperet = temperature 6. aaeegrv = average 7. natirdaio = radiation 8. usn = sun 9. dotraaiin = radiation 10. cdnoitoucn = conduction 11. dxife = fixed 12. aetvibr = vibrate 13. theagyneer = heat energy 14. oorlce = cooler 15. briliqumeui = equilibrium 16. tnccoodiun = conduction 17. ovctencoin = convection 18. sidiqul = liquids 19. ssgae = gases 20. nfifiduso = diffusion 21. ldufi = fluid 22. llcomeseu = molecules 23. reathew = weather 24. mostpehrea = atmosphere 25. ctcoonveni = convection

What’s the same and what’s different?

There are three ways to heat things: radiation conduction and convection. Using the lyrics of the RRR song “Radiation, Conduction, Convection” Answer the following questions to help you understand similarities and differences.

Circle the correct answer to each question

RADIATION – WHAT ’S DIFFERENT 1. This form of heat energy comes to Earth from the

sun moon planets clouds

2. It is transferred to Earth through

water wavelengths only solid objects fire

3. radiant heat is typically found

in empty space in water in mountains in bricks

4. When the earth ‘holds onto’ heat and releases it into the air it’s called

burning cooling re-radiation temperature

5. An example of radiant heat on Earth would be

standing in the sun on a still sunny day

standing in the breezy shade on a hot day

sitting on a metal chair in the sun on a hot day

CONVECTION – WHAT ’S DIFFERENT 6. This form of heat energy is transferred only through

solids/rocks gases/liquids trees/plants

7. It is transferred from one mass to another by movement of

particles/molecules human physical activity animal fur

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s . SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA [email protected] WORKSHEET………Radiation, Conduction, Convection…………Continued

8. Convection is used to measure

Length/miles daylight/nighttime air pressure/temperature

9. An example of convection would be

Standing in the sun on a still sunny day

Standing in the breezy shade on a hot day

Sitting on a metal chair in the sun on a hot day

CONDUCTION – WHAT ’S DIFFERENT ? 10. This form of heat energy is transferred most commonly through

gases soil solid objects liquids

11. Conduction transfers heat by moving atoms from

warmer to cooler cooler to warmer longer to shorter

12. An example of conduction would be

Standing in the sun on a still sunny day

Standing in the breezy shade on a hot day

Sitting on a metal chair in the sun on a hot day

RADIATION , CONVECTION , CONDUCTION – WHAT ’S THE SAME ? 13. Each of these is a method of

time transfer weight transfer heat transfer

14. Each disperses energy

Forward/backward only vertically/horizontally only any/all directions

15. Each disperses energy by means of atoms and molecules

moving outward moving inward remaining static

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s . SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA [email protected] Radiation, Conduction, Convection To be used with RRR song “Radiation, Conduction, Convection” ANSWER KEY What’s the same and what’s different?

Circle the correct answer to each question

RADIATION – WHAT ’S DIFFERENT 1. This form of heat energy comes to Earth from the

sun moon planets clouds

2. It is transferred to Earth through

water wavelengths only solid objects fire

3. radiant heat is typically found

in empty space in water in mountains in bricks

4. When the earth ‘holds onto’ heat and releases it into the air it’s called

burning cooling re-radiation temperature

5. An example of radiant heat on Earth would be

standing in the sun on a still sunny day

standing in the breezy shade on a hot day

sitting on a metal chair in the sun on a hot day

CONVECTION – WHAT ’S DIFFERENT 6. This form of heat energy is transferred only through

solids/rocks gases/liquids trees/plants

7. It is transferred from one mass to another by movement of

particles/molecules human physical activity animal fur

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s . SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA [email protected] WORKSHEET………Radiation, Conduction, Convection…………Continued

8. Convection is used to measure

Length/miles daylight/nighttime air pressure/temperature

9. An example of convection would be

Standing in the sun on a still sunny day

Standing in the breezy shade on a hot day

Sitting on a metal chair in the sun on a hot day

CONDUCTION – WHAT ’S DIFFERENT ? 10. This form of heat energy is transferred most commonly through

gases soil solid objects liquids

11. Conduction transfers heat by moving atoms from

warmer to cooler cooler to warmer longer to shorter

12. An example of conduction would be

Standing in the sun on a still sunny day

Standing in the breezy shade on a hot day

Sitting on a metal chair in the sun on a hot day

RADIATION , CONVECTION , CONDUCTION – WHAT ’S THE SAME ? 13. Each of these is a method of

time transfer weight transfer heat transfer

14. Each disperses energy

Forward/backward only vertically/horizontally only any/all directions

15. Each disperses energy by means of atoms and molecules

moving outward moving inward remaining static

Which is it? Draw a line from the word in Column A to the word or phrase that is similar to or best describes the word or phrase in Column B

WHICH WORD BELONGS WITH WHICH PHRASE ? COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.breeze/wind diffusion of heat through liquids and gases

2. temperature disperse heat in any/all directions

3. atmosphere a form of measurement of heat

4. vibrate a flow of particles/gases/air

5. radiate layer of air/gases that surround the Earth

6. convection activity of atoms if heated in a fixed position

WHICH WORD IS CLOSEST IN MEANING TO ANOTHER WORD ? COLUMN A COLUMN B 7. heat molecules

8. particles energy

9. equilibrium evenness

10. flow movement

11. dispersion transfer

12. transmit diffusion

WHICH METHOD IS IT ? COLUMN A COLUMN B 13. primary method by which heat comes from the sun convection

14. primary method by which heat transfers from one radiation object to another

15. primary method by which heat transfers through conduction liquids

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] Radiation, Conduction, Convection To be used with RRR song “Radiation, Conduction, Convection” ANSWER KEY Which is it? Draw a line from the word in Column A to the word or phrase that is similar to or best describes the word or phrase in Column B

WHICH WORD BELONGS WITH WHICH PHRASE ? COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.breeze/wind diffusion of heat through liquids and gases

2. temperature to disperse heat in any/all directions

3. atmosphere a form of measurement of heat

4. vibrate a flow of particles/gases/air

5. radiate layer of air/gases that surround the Earth

6. convection activity of atoms if heated in a fixed position

WHICH WORD IS CLOSEST IN MEANING TO ANOTHER WORD ? COLUMN A COLUMN B 7. heat molecules

8. particles energy

9. equilibrium evenness

10. flow movement

11. dispersion transfer

12. transmit diffusion

WHICH METHOD IS IT ? COLUMN A COLUMN B 13. primary method by which heat comes from the sun convection

14. primary method by which heat transfers from one radiation object to another

15. primary method by which heat transfers through conduction liquids

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] RADIATION, CONDUCTION,CONVECTION CROSSWORD PUZZLE

1 2

4 5 6

9 10

13 14

15 16

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results...the other 3 R's. www.educationalrap.com

ACROSS DOWN

1 a planet the sun radiates heat towards 2 a form of energy that can travel in all directions 6 the direction heat moves from an inner source 3 energy transmitted in all directions as waves or 7 an example of how convection works is the straight lines movement of heat through gases or ______4 the measurement of average motion of atoms and 8 a term used in describing uniformity of molecules in the atmosphere temperature between hot and cold 5 the process by which convection evens out a 10 the method by which heat is transmitted from a temperature hot object to a cooler one 9 an example of how radiation works is the 11 the sun ______heat towards the earth transmitting of heat through space by______13 the movement of heat in liquids and gases 12 the gaseous layer surrounding Earth that is most 16 what atoms in matter in a fixed position do when affected by radiation heated 14 an example of how conduction works is the 17 another form of heat application of heat to atoms in ______18 another term used similarly as atoms and 15 the number of ways heat can travel molecules are used 19 heat is transmitted through atoms and _____ 20 distance in miles between the sun and Earth (3 words) RADIATION, CONDUCTION,CONVECTION CROSSWORD PUZZLE Solution: E A R T H E A R T D O U T W A R D E L I Q U I D S D M F E Q U I L I B R I U M P F A E W U C O N D U C T I O N R A D I A T E S I A V I A O T E C O N V E C T I O N M U S N M A R T O V I B R A T E E N E R G Y H S T R P A R T I C L E S E H R M O L E C U L E S R N I N E T Y T H R E E M I L L I O N SUN, EARTH, MOON To be used with RRR song “Sun, Earth, Moon”

LYRICS

VERSE 1 We just begun so far, with the strum of guitar.

So let me set it off and tell you that the Sun is a star in the center of the Solar System fillin' the void, along with comets and the planets and the asteroids, and meteoroids , and dust, but remember this fact, and if you do you'll be headin' to the head of the class.

In fact, the sun makes up almost all of the weight of our solar system. Sun- it's 99.8 percent of it all, that means it’s one heck of a ball, the energy of the sun is supporting us all.

Important to call it by its right name, you know what it is, energy from sunlight through photosynthesis. It benefits the flowers to get the sun's power.

The Earth revolves once over 24 hours. Now it’s better to remember the length of a day so it doesn't matter if it's December or May.

It's still the same. So don't be fooled in school, like a dunce, ‘cause in one year it takes Earth to spin around the Sun once. 12 months to orbit, just one time around it takes 365 days they found.

So now you're primed, these numbers you'll remember in rhyme. The earths tilted on its side 23.5 , degrees like a G who wanna lean in the ride. And it’s for this very reason we get seasons and tides.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

LYRICS………………………….Sun, Earth, Moon…………………….continued

CHORUS/HOOK We have the sun, the earth and the moon, spinnin’ around the other, with gravity too. The moon around the earth, the earth around the sun, giving us the reason for seasons for everyone.

VERSE II Back so soon, I’m bringing a few facts bout the moon, how it provides the ocean tides and stabilizes the room. But actually dude, though true, what is actually felt the moon stabilizes the whole axial tilt .

So fasten your belt, ‘cause if you come along for the ride, you could fall or rise, like the level of tide. Forever you'll find that the moon and the earth are related, fatal like attraction as the tides created,

The size is spacious, our moon's sorta large with girth, but its diameter is only bout a quarter of Earth's. For what that it’s worth, it’s Earth’s only satellite known, largest moon in the solar spinin’ round its globe.

And it’s been shown the Moon affected our sphere, and may have helped develop life through our temperature here. So now that we’re clear ‘bout the Earth, Moon and the Sun y’all repeat the hook ‘cuz this tune is done.

CHORUS/HOOK We have the sun, the earth and the moon, spinnin’ around the other, with gravity too. The moon around the earth, the earth around the sun, giving us the reason for seasons for everyone.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

SUN, EARTH, MOON To be used with RRR song “Sun, Earth, Moon” Recall Track™

RECALL TRACK LYRICS

VERSE 1 We just begun so far, with the strum of guitar.

So let me set it off and tell you that the Sun is a _____ in the center of the ______fillin' the void, along with ______and the ______and the ______, and ______, and dust, but remember this fact, and if you do you'll be headin' to the head of the class.

In fact, the sun makes up almost all of the weight of our solar system. Sun- it's _____ percent of it all, that means it’s one heck of a ball, the energy of the sun is supporting us all.

Important to call it by its right name, you know what it is, energy from sunlight through ______. It benefits the flowers to get the sun's power.

The Earth revolves once over ______. Now it’s better to remember the length of a day so it doesn't matter if it's December or May.

It's still the same. So don't be fooled in school, like a dunce, ‘cause in one year it takes Earth to spin around the Sun once. 12 months to orbit, just one time around it takes _____ days they found.

So now you're primed, these numbers you'll remember in rhyme. The earths tilted on its side _____ degrees like a G who wanna lean in the ride. And it’s for this very reason we get ______

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

LYRICS………………………….Sun, Earth, Moon…………………….continued

CHORUS/HOOK We have the sun, the earth and the moon, spinnin’ around the other, with gravity too. The moon around the earth, the earth around the sun, giving us the reason for seasons for everyone.

VERSE II Back so soon, I’m bringing a few facts bout the moon, how it provides the ______and stabilizes the room. But actually dude, though true, what is actually felt the moon stabilizes the whole ______.

So fasten your belt, ‘cause if you come along for the ride, you could fall or rise, like the level of ____. Forever you'll find that the moon and the earth are related, fatal like attraction as the tides created,

The size is spacious, our moon's sorta large with girth, but its diameter is only bout ______of Earth's. For what that it’s worth, it’s Earth’s only satellite known, largest moon in the solar spinin’ round its globe.

And it’s been shown the Moon affected our sphere, and may have helped develop life through our ______here. So now that we’re clear ‘bout the Earth, Moon and the Sun y’all repeat the hook ‘cuz this tune is done.

CHORUS/HOOK We have the sun, the earth and the moon, spinnin’ around the other, with gravity too. The moon around the earth, the earth around the sun, giving us the reason for seasons for everyone.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

SUN, EARTH, MOON To be used with RRR song “Sun, Earth, Moon”

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

VERSE 1 We just begun so far, with the strum of guitar.

So let me set it off and tell you that the Sun is a 1.______(tsra) in the center of the 2. ______(ssmtyelraos) (2 words) fillin' the void, along with 3. ______(esocmt) and the 4. ______(stepnla) and the

5. ______(ssioeatrd) and 6. ______(iooeedstrm) , and dust, but remember this fact, and if you do you'll be headin' to the head of the class.

In fact, the sun makes up almost all of the 7. ______(geithw) of our solar system. Sun- it's 99.8 percent of it all, that means it’s one heck of a ball, the energy of the sun is supporting us all.

Important to call it by its right name, you know what it is,

8. ______(gyrnee) from 9. ______(snghtilu) through

10. ______(hootspethsisyn) It benefits the flowers to get the sun's power.

The Earth 11. ______(srevlove) once over 24 hours. Now it’s better to remember the length of a day so it doesn't matter if it's December or May.

It's still the same. So don't be fooled in school, like a dunce, ‘cause in one year it takes Earth to spin around the Sun once.

12 months to orbit, just 12. ______(minteon) (2 words) around

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

LYRIC WORD SCRAMBLE…..Sun, Earth, Moon…………………………………Page 2 it takes 365 days they found.

So now you're primed, these numbers you'll remember in rhyme.

The earths 13. ______(dettli) on its side 23.5, degrees like a G who wanna lean in the ride.

And it’s for this very reason we get 14. ______(sssnoae) and tides.

CHORUS/HOOK We have the sun, the earth and the moon, spinnin’ around the other, with 15. ______(ytivrag) too. The moon around the earth, the earth around the sun, giving us the reason for seasons for everyone.

VERSE II Back so soon, I’m bringing a few facts bout the moon, how it provides the 16. ______(otedosican) (2 words) and stabilizes the room. But actually dude, though true, what is actually felt the moon 17. ______(tibsezilsa) the whole

18.______(xaaiittll) (2 words).

The size is spacious, our moon's sorta large with girth,

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

LYRIC WORD SCRAMBLE…..Sun, Earth, Moon…………………………………Page 3

but its diameter is only bout a 20.______(treqaru) of Earth's.

For what that it’s worth, it’s Earth’s only 21. ______(lltteeasi) known, largest moon in the solar spinin’ round its globe.

And it’s been shown the Moon affected our sphere, and may have helped develop life through our

22. ______(mapetrueert) here. So now that we’re clear ‘bout the Earth, Moon and the Sun y’all repeat the hook ‘cuz this tune is done.

CHORUS/HOOK We have the sun, the earth and the moon, spinnin’ around the other, with gravity too.

The 23. ______(oomn) around the earth, the

24. ______(rathe) around the sun, giving us the reason for 25. ______(nosesas) for everyone.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

SUN, EARTH, MOON To be used with RRR song “Sun, Earth, Moon”

ANSWER KEY

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

1. tsra = star 2. ssmtyelraos = solar system 3. esocmt = comets 4. stepnla = planets 5. ssioeatrd = asteroids 6. iooeedstrm = meteoroids 7. geithw = weight 8. gyrnee = energy 9. snghtilu = sun light 10 hootspethsisyn = photosynthesis 11. srevlove = revolves 12. minteon = one time 13. dettli = titled 14. sssnoae = seasons 15. ytivrag = gravity 16. otedosican = ocean tides 17. tibsezilsa = stabilizes 18. xaaiittll = axial tilt 19. stedi = tides 20. treqaru = quarter 21. lltteeasi = satellite 22. mapetrueert = temperature 23. oomn = moon 24. rathe = earth 25. nosesas = seasons

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

SUN, EARTH, MOON To be used with RRR song “Sun, Earth, Moon”

MATCHING GAME Match the word in the first column with a definition in the second column by writing the number in the space provided.

1. satellite ____ circular path that earth follows around the sun 2. 365 ____ found in the solar system along with planets, dust, and other objects 3. axial tilt ____ number of hours it takes the moon To orbit around earth 4. 23.5 ____ amount of weight/mass occupied by The sun in the solar system 5. planet ____ classification of the sun

6. one year ____ the name of the angle made by the earth’s axis 7. 24 ____ classification of Earth

8. star ____ diameter of the moon compared to Earth 9. tides ____ the rise and fall of oceanic water as a result of gravitational forces of 10. ¼ Earth and the moon ____ climate change occurring on a 11. meteoroids regular basis related to temperature

12. orbit ____ classification of the moon

13. 99.8 ____ number of days it takes the earth to Orbit the sun 14. seasons ____ the angle/degree of Earth’s axial tilt

15. gravity ____ number of years it takes the earth to complete an orbit around the sun ____ a force that earth exerts on objects on or near its surface that makes heavier objects “fall” to earth

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, M A [email protected] SUN, EARTH, MOON To be used with RRR song “Sun, Earth, Moon”

ANSWER KEY MATCHING GAME Match the word in the first column with a definition in the second column by writing the number in the space provided.

ANSWER 12. orbit -circular path that earth follows around the sun

11. meteoroids -found in the solar system along with planets, dust, and other objects 7. 24 -number of hours it takes the moon to orbit around earth

13. 99.8 -amount of weight/mass occupied by he sun in the solar system 8. star -classification of the sun

3. axial tilt -the name of the angle made by the earth’s axis

5. planet -classification of Earth

10. ¼ -diameter of the moon compared to Earth

9. tides -the rise and fall of oceanic water as a result of gravitational forces of Earth and the moon 14. seasons -climate change occurring on a regular basis related to temperature 1. satellite -classification of the moon

2. 365 -number of days it takes the earth to orbit the sun

4. 23.5 -the angle/degree of Earth’s axial tilt

6. one -number of years it takes the earth to complete an orbit around the sun 15. gravity -a force that Earth exerts on objects on or near its surface that makes heavier objects “fall” to earth

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, M A [email protected] SUN, EARTH, MOON CROSSWORD PUZZLE

1 2 3 4

5 6

7 8

10 11

12 13 14

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results...the other 3 R's. www.educationalrap.com

ACROSS DOWN

1 23.5 is the degree of Earth's______(2 2 the number of months it takes the earth words) to orbit the sun 3 99.8 is the mass or ______of the sun 4 sometimes called "G" force 7 another word than means round or globe 5 these are the result of Earth's tilt and 8 the planet the moon orbits around spinning 9 source of energy for photosynthesis 6 process for plants to get energy 10 the moon is Earth's only ______10 planets, stars and other bodies are all 12 the moon orbits the earth every 24 part of this (2 words) ______11 what the sun emits in all directions 15 location of the sun in the solar system 13 path that Earth follows around the Sun 16 the sun is also a ______14 the diameter of the moon compared to 17 another name for the angle of Earth's tilt the earth's (2 words) 18 earthly activity the moon affects each day (2 words) 19 non-planet found in the Solar System SUN, EARTH, MOON CROSSWORD PUZZLE Solution: A X I A L T I L T W E I G H T W S R P S P H E R E E A R T H L A V O V S U N L I G H T S A T E L L I T E O T O O N N Y S L E H O U R S O Y A R R N N R G B C E N T E R T S Y I Q H Y S T A R U E S A X I A L S T R I E O C E A N T I D E S

M E A S T E R O I D PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis”

LYRICS Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Verse I Plants take water, sun, and CO 2, to make glucose: the sugar that they use for food They also put oxygen into the air So we can share, because oxygen is everywhere The energy transforms from solar to chemical All the time, everywhere, the process is identical In every plant, and every tree Enabling all living things to be

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Verse II Let’s take a look at the light reaction Making chemical energy when light is captured electrons flow through the photosystems Flowing so fast you might have missed ‘em Within the chloroplast lies the action The thylakoid membrane is where it happens ATP and NADPH Are products of light, water, air, and space

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] LYRICS……………………………...Photosynthesis………………………Continued

Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Verse III The Calvin cycle, or dark reaction Doesn’t need direct sunlight for it to run right. CO 2 from the air enters the chloroplast Mixing with organic molecules for the last time With the help of the enzyme Rubisco Carbon Fixation—I thought you knew this yo! It forms a carbohydrate known as G3P It’s created, recreated, and recycled you see

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Bridge Leaves on trees and even weeds meet needs Making oxygen we need to breathe You want to learn it with ease? You want to master the keys? It's photosynthesis, listen to this please

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis” Recall Track™

RECALL TRACK LYRICS Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Verse I Plants take ______to make ______the sugar that they use for food They also put ______into the air So we can share, because ______is everywhere The energy transforms from ______to ______All the time, everywhere, the process is identical In every plant, and every tree Enabling all ______to be

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Verse II Let’s take a look at the light reaction Making chemical energy when light is captured ______flow through the ______Flowing so fast you might have missed ‘em Within the ______lies the action The ______is where it happens ______and ______Are products of light, water, air, and space

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] RECALL TRACK LYRICS………………………Photosynthesis……………...Continued

Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Verse III The ______or dark reaction Doesn’t need direct ______for it to run right. _____ from the air enters the ______Mixing with ______molecules for the last time With the help of the enzyme ______Carbon Fixation—I thought you knew this yo! It forms a carbohydrate known as ______It’s created, recreated, and recycled you see

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Bridge Leaves on trees and even weeds meet needs Making oxygen we need to breathe You want to learn it with ease? You want to master the keys? It's photosynthesis, listen to this please

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis”

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and 1. ______(rfesatrn) of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Verse I Plants take water, sun, and CO 2, to make 2.______(sloguce): the 3. ______(rsuag) that they use for food They also put 4. ______(ngxoey) into the air So we can share, because oxygen is everywhere

The energy 5. ______(strofmnsar) from solar to

6. ______(cclhmaei) All the time, everywhere, the process is 7. ______(lditieacn) In every plant, and every tree Enabling all living things to be

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of 8. ______(ccciioaahmlrnseet) (2 words) and synergy.

Verse II Let’s take a look at the 9. ______(ttghlieacnrio) (2 words) Making 10. ______(lacmehic) energy when light is

11.______(draputec)

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected]

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE ……………………Photosynthesis…………………Page 2

12. ______(snoteeclr) flow through the

13. ______(tootsssymphe) Flowing so fast you might have missed ‘em

Within the 14. ______(stapllorohc) lies the action

The 15. ______(ydiahtokl) membrane is where it happens ATP and NADPH Are products of light, water, air, and space

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and 16. ______(yygsren).

Verse III The 17. ______(llineCacvcy) (2 words) , or dark reaction

Doesn’t need direct sunlight for it to run right. CO 2 from the air enters the

18.______(phlastscool)

Mixing with organic 19.______(mscoelelu) for the last time

With the help of the 20. ______(myzeen) Rubisco

21.______(bixitnnaaoCFro) (2 words) —I thought you knew this yo!

It forms a 22. ______(tearchadyobr) known as G3P It’s created, recreated, and recycled you see

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE ……………………Photosynthesis…………………Page 3

Chorus 23. ______(hhtosiseynpost) , let’s get into this Discussion of sunlight, and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

Bridge Leaves on trees and even weeds meet needs

Making 24. ______(negyox) we need to breathe You want to learn it with ease? You want to master the keys? It's photosynthesis, listen to this please

Chorus Photosynthesis, let’s get into this

Discussion of 25. ______(nuthislg), and transfer of energy. Photosynthesis, let’s get into this Process of chemical reactions and synergy.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis”

ANSWER KEY

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

1. rfesatrn = transfer 19. mscoelelu = molecules 2. sloguce = glucose 20. myzeen = enzyme 3. rsuag = sugar 21. bixitnnaaoCFro = Carbon 4. ngxoey = oxygen Fixation

5. strofmnsar = transforms 22. tearchadyobr = carbohydrate

6. cclhmaei = chemical 23. hhtosiseynpost = photosynthesis

7. lditieacn = identical 24. negyox = oxygen

8. ccciioaahmlrnseet = chemical 25. nuthislg = sunlight reactions

9. ttghlieacnrio = light reaction

10. lacmehic = chemical

11. drautec = captured

12. snoteeclr = electrons

13. tootsssymphe = photosystems

14. stapllorohc = chloroplast

15. ydiahtokl = thylakoid

16. yygsren = synergy

17. llineCacvcy = Calvin cycle

18. phlastscool = chloroplast

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis”

Formulas, Letters & Names- What Do They Represent? Circle the correct answer to the following questions

FORMULAS , LETTERS 1. The formula CO 2 is the formula for:

oxygen water carbon dioxide salt

2. The combination of water, sun and CO 2 makes:

fructose glucose lactose comatose

3. G3P, a chemical compound, is also a:

protein mineral carbohydrate sugar

4. Light, water, air and space combine to produce:

MTV G3P ATP CO 2

5. In addition to ATP, another product produced in the ‘light reaction’ is:

CO 2 H20 G3P NADPH

6. The carbohydrate which is a product of Calvin cycle is:

H20 ATP MTV G3P

NAMES 7. The ‘light reaction’ happens in the:

thylakoid membrane Calvin cycle Chloroplast G3P

8. Rubisco, refers to:

a carbohydrate a protein a sugar an enzyme

9. The ‘dark reaction’ is known as the:

G3P Calvin cycle NADPH chloroplast

10. In the set of reactions known as Carbon Fixation, a key component is:

ATP electrons Rubisco enzyme Calvin cycle

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis”

ANSWER KEY Formulas, Letters & Names- What Do They Represent? Answers appear in darker print

FORMULAS , LETTERS 1. The formula CO 2 is the formula for:

oxygen water carbon dioxide salt

2. The combination of water, sun and CO 2 makes:

fructose glucose lactose comatose

3. G3P, a chemical compound, is also a:

protein mineral carbohydrate sugar

4. Light, water, air and space combine to produce:

MTV G3P ATP CO 2

5. In addition to ATP, another product produced in the ‘light reaction’ is:

CO 2 H20 G3P NADPH

6. The carbohydrate which is a product of Calvin cycle is:

H20 ATP MTV G3P NAMES 7. The ‘light reaction’ happens in the:

thylakoid membrane Calvin cycle Chloroplast G3P

8. Rubisco, refers to:

a carbohydrate a protein a sugar an enzyme

9. The ‘dark reaction’ is known as the:

G3P Calvin cycle NADPH chloroplast

10. In the set of reactions known as Carbon Fixation, a key component is:

ATP electrons Rubisco enzyme Calvin cycle

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA. [email protected] PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis”

WORKSHEET Put on Your Thinking Caps! The song has information that may not be obvious. Review the lyrics and circle or answer the following questions

TRUE OR FALSE 1. ‘Light’ reactions are dependent on light to happen. T F Not Sure

2. ‘Dark’ reactions can occur in the absence of light. T F Not Sure

3. The thylakoid membrane is inside the chloroplast. T F Not Sure

4. Glucose is a sugar T F Not Sure

5. G3P is a carbohydrate T F Not Sure

6. ATP and NADPH are produced inside the thylakoid membrane T F Not Sure

7. Plants make oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis T F Not Sure

8. The photosynthetic process is the same in trees as plants T F Not Sure

9. ATP (along with NADPH) is a product of chemical energy produced during the light reaction process of photosynthesis. T F Not Sure

10. The Calvin cycle uses only CO 2 as its primary energy source T F Not Sure

FILL IN THE ANSWER - BEST GUESS IS OK –ANSWERS REQUIRE THINKING ! 11. What do plants produce to feed themselves?

12. In a 24-hour cycle when do you think each ‘reaction’ might take place?

13. If the Rubisco enzyme is used in the ‘dark’ reaction,does it capture oxygen or carbon dioxide to do its work??

14. The word photosystems, begins with ‘photo’. Do you think their function might relate to the ‘light’ reaction activity or the ‘dark’ reaction activities of the plant?

15. What is the difference between ‘energy’ and ‘synergy’ in the song?

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results… the other 3R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] . PHOTOSYNTHESIS To be used with RRR song “Photosynthesis”

WORKSHEET-ANSWER KEY Put on Your Thinking Caps! The song has information that may not be obvious. Review the lyrics and circle or answer the following questions

TRUE OR FALSE 1. ‘Light’ reactions are dependent on light to happen. T F Not Sure

2. ‘Dark’ reactions can occur in the absence of light. T F Not Sure

3. The thylakoid membrane is inside the chloroplast. T F Not Sure

4. Glucose is a sugar T F Not Sure

5. G3P is a carbohydrate T F Not Sure

6. ATP and NADPH are produced inside the thylakoid membrane T F Not Sure

7. Plants make oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis T F Not Sure

8. The photosynthetic process is the same in trees as plants T F Not Sure

9. ATP (along with NADPH) is a product of chemical energy produced during the light reaction process of photosynthesis. T F Not Sure

10. The Calvin cycle uses only CO 2 as its primary energy source T F Not Sure

FILL IN THE ANSWER - BEST GUESS IS OK –ANSWERS REQUIRE THINKING ! 11. What do plants produce to feed themselves? Glucose, a sugar

12. In a 24-hour cycle when do you think each ‘reaction’ might take place? ‘light’- after sunrise and before sunset. ‘dark’ -after sunset and before sunrise

13. If the Rubisco enzyme is used in the ‘dark’ reaction,does it capture oxygen or carbon dioxide to do its work? Carbon dioxide

14. The word photosystems, begins with ‘photo’. Do you think their function might relate to the ‘light’ reaction activity or the ‘dark’ reaction activities of the plant? Light reaction as ‘photo’ is a word element coming from Greek meaning ‘light’.

15. What is the difference between ‘energy’ and ‘synergy’ in the song? Energy is the action or affect of a single force such as light. Synergy is the cooperative action of the chemical reactions

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results… the other 3R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] PHOTOSYNTHESIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE

1 2

4 5 6

8 9

18 19

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results...the other 3 R's. www.educationalrap.com

ACROSS DOWN

1 a product of light, water, air and space 2 process used by plants to convert solar energy 7 G3P is an example to food 8 its formula is H2O 3 what plants make that is vital to humans 9 a definition for chemical reactions working 4 a membrane found in chloroplasts together 5 the form of energy photosynthesis transforms 11 another name for Calvin cycle (2 words) sunlight into 13 a sugar produced by plants 6 an enzyme used in photosynthesis 14 the part of a tree that receives sunlight and CO2 7 also known as 'dark' reaction (2 words) for photosynthesis 10 also know as light independent (or absent) 15 dioxide its formula is CO2 (2 words) reaction (2 words) 16 a vital part of a plant cell that captures light or 12 initiated by the capture of light, these flow carbon dioxide through photosystems 17 occurs in plants during daylight hours (2 words) 18 captured in 'light' reaction to begin photosynthesis 19 energy type of energy captured in 'light' reaction (2 words) PHOTOSYNTHESIS CROSSWORD PUZZLE Solution: N A D P H O H T C R X O H H U Y T C A R B O H Y D R A T E B G O A L M I E S L W A T E R I S Y N E R G Y V D K C C N I C A R B O N F I X A T I O N T N R I L H C K D E E Y R G L U C O S E S C L E A V E S E I L A C A R B O N S E C H L O R O P L A S T T R L I G H T R E A C T I O N O N S U N L I G H T S O L A R WATER CYCLE To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle”

LYRICS

Chorus (I rise to the sky from the sea below…) (Then down to the ground as rain or snow…)

Verse I I represent the movement of water—that's my purpose Whether on, above, or below the earth's surface In a continuous cycle, my work's never done ’Cause I'm driven by energy from the sun

I travel through the sea , through the air , through the ground You could say that water really gets around But in fact most water's just chillin’ in the oceans Only a small fraction is really in motion at any given time

But yo—that's the way it goes When we're studying the voyages of H2O In the cycle water changes states at various places The three states being ice, liquid, and water vapor

But this cycle strays from the norm 'Cause through the process, water still keeps the same structural form While other cycles involve chemical change Water may change states , but its structure stays the same

Chorus I rise to the sky from the sea below Then down to the ground as rain or snow I keep it moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle Moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

LYRICS…………………Water Cycle…………………………………..………..Continued

Verse II So when water transforms from liquid to gas And rises up into the atmosphere, that's evaporation A process made possible by energy from the sun Also known as solar radiation

And when this water vapor in the sky reforms Into liquid water droplets, that's condensation And when this water falls back down to the earth As rain, snow, hail, or sleet, that's precipitation

But plants have their own type of evaporation Through their stomata, which is called transpiration So collectively the term used for transpiration Plus all other evaporation is evapotranspiration

Two more terms to add to your collection: The movement of water through the air is advection And speaking of keeping it moving, understand That runoff is water flowing across the land

Chorus I rise to the sky from the sea below Then down to the ground as rain or snow I keep it moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle Moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] Water Cycle To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle” Recall Track™

RECALL TRACK LYRICS Chorus (I rise to the sky from the sea below…) (Then down to the ground as rain or snow…)

Verse I I represent the movement of water—that's my purpose Whether on, above, or below the earth's surface In a continuous cycle, my work's never done ’Cause I'm driven by ______

I travel through the ____, through the ___, through the _____ You could say that water really gets around But in fact most water's just chillin’ in the _____ Only a small fraction is really in motion at any given time

But yo—that's the way it goes When we're studying the voyages of ___ In the cycle water changes states at various places The three states being ______

But this cycle strays from the norm 'Cause through the process, water still keeps the same structural form While other cycles involve chemical change Water may change _____, but its structure stays the same

Chorus I rise to the sky from the sea below Then down to the ground as rain or snow I keep it moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle Moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle

Verse II So when water transforms from liquid to gas And rises up into the atmosphere, that's ______

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

LYRICS RECALL TRACK…………Water Cycle……………………………….Continued

A process made possible by energy from the sun Also known as ______And when this water vapor in the sky reforms Into liquid water droplets, that's ______And when this water falls back down to the earth As rain, snow, hail, or sleet, that's ______

But plants have their own type of ______Through their stomata, which is called ______So collectively the term used for transpiration Plus all other evaporation is ______

Two more terms to add to your collection: The movement of water through the air is ______And speaking of keeping it moving, understand That ______is water flowing across the land

Chorus I rise to the sky from the sea below Then down to the ground as rain or snow I keep it moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle Moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] WATER CYCLE To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle”

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

Chorus (I rise to the sky from the sea below…) (Then down to the ground as rain or snow…)

Verse I I represent the 1. ______(ntoevmme) of water—that's my purpose Whether on, above, or below the earth's surface

In a 2. ______(osoutciennu) cycle, my work's never done ’Cause I'm driven by 3. ______(ygneer) from the

4. ______(usn)

I travel through the sea, through the air, through the ground You could say that water really gets around But in fact most water's just chillin’ in the 5. ______(sconea)

Only a 6. ______(fsrtaomniclla) (2 words) is really in motion at any given time

But yo—that's the way it goes When we're studying the voyages of H2O In the cycle water changes states at various places

The three 7. ______(ttssae) being 8. ____ (cei)

9. ______(dliuiq) and 10.______(ervrpawaot) (2 words)

But this cycle strays from the norm 'Cause through the process, water still keeps the same

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE…Water Cycle…………………………………..…….Page 2

11. ______(cutsruatmorflr) (2 words) While other cycles involve chemical change Water may change states, but its structure stays the same

Chorus I rise to the sky from the sea below Then down to the ground as rain or snow I keep it moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle Moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle

Verse II So when water 12. ______(ssmrtrnoaf) from liquid to gas And 13. ______(ssier) up into the atmosphere, that's

14. ______(nroitoevpaa) A process made possible by energy from the sun

Also known as 15. ______(onatidslaroira) (2 words)

And when this water vapor in the sky reforms Into liquid water droplets, that's

16. ______(nnnooieacstd) And when this water falls back down to the earth

As rain, snow, hail, or sleet, that's

17. ______(iiippttcnroea)

But plants have their own type of evaporation

Through their 18. ______(tamatso) which is called

19.______(niptrasnitaro)

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE…Water Cycle…………………………………..…..Page 3

So collectively the term used for transpiration Plus all other evaporation is

20.______(anoaptrsperiiaovnt Two more terms to add to your collection:

The movement of water 21. ______(hhgorut) the air is

22. ______(vctnaeiod) And speaking of keeping it moving, understand

That 23. ______(noufrf) is water flowing across the land

Chorus I rise to the sky from the sea below

Then 24. ______(wnod) to the ground as rain or snow

I keep it moving, moving, 'cause I'm the

25. ______(cceetwyalr) (2 words) Moving, moving, 'cause I'm the water cycle

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

WATER CYCLE To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle”

LYRICS WORD SCRAMBLE Unscramble the words in (parentheses). Some answers may have more than one word.

1. ntoevmme = movement 18. tamatso = stomata

2. osoutciennu = continuous 19. niptrasnitaro = transportation

3. ygneer = energy 20. anoaptrsperiiaovnt = evapotranspiration 4. usn = sun 21. hhgorut = through 5. sconea = oceans 22. vctnaeiod = advection 6. fsrtaomniclla = small fraction 23. noufrf = runoff 7. ttssae = state 24. wnod = down 8. cei = ice 25. cceetwyalr = water cycle 9. dliuiq = liquid

10. ervrpawaot = water vapor

11. cutsruatmorflr = structural form

12. ssmrtrnoaf = transforms

13. ssier = rises

14. nroitoevpaa = evaporation

15. onatidslaroira = solar radiation

16. nnnooieacstd = condensation

17. iiippttcnroea = precipitation

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE . www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] WATER CYCLE To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle”

WORKSHEET Circle the correct answer to the following questions. Use the lyric sheet to help you.

1. The amount of Earth’s water that is processing through the water cycle at any given time is:

approximately half a small fraction all of it none of it

2. Energy from the sun reaches Earth through:

hydration condensation advection radiation

3. Throughout the water cycle, water’s structural form:

changes chemically separates into gases stays the same

converts into solar energy

4. The water cycle is driven by energy from:

lunar tides earth’s gravity sun’s heat orbital forces

5. Evaporation is a process made possible by:

Earth’s gravity magnetism axial tilt solar radiation

6. When water vapor which is invisible, reforms into water droplets which are visible, the process is called:

condensation radiation advection evaporation

7. When water vapor moves through the air, as from a lake or ocean over land, the process is called:

Evaporation transpiration condensation advection

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA [email protected]

Worksheet……………………..Water Cycle…………….Continued

8. The structural form of water is:

CO 2 NaCl H2CO 3 H2O

9. -12. Next to the arrows, write the names of four process in the water cycle that best describes what each arrow (s) indicates.

SKY

SUN

LAND OCEAN/LAKE

Choose from this list of terms: transpiration advection conduction evaporation evapotranspiration radiation respiration convection condensation precipitation evolution

13-15.Name the three states that water exists in in the water cycle.

______

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA [email protected] WATER CYCLE To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle”

ANSWER KEY WORKSHEET Circle the correct answer to the following questions. Use the lyric sheet to help you.

1. The amount of Earth’s water that is processing through the water cycle at any given time is:

approximately half a small fraction all of it none of it

2. Energy from the sun reaches Earth through:

hydration condensation advection radiation

3. Throughout the water cycle, water’s structural form:

changes chemically separates into gases stays the same

converts into solar energy

4. The water cycle is driven by energy from:

lunar tides earth’s gravity sun’s heat orbital forces

5. Evaporation is a process made possible by:

Earth’s gravity magnetism axial tilt solar radiation

6. When water vapor which is invisible, reforms into water droplets which are visible, the process is called:

condensation radiation advection evaporation

7. When water vapor moves through the air, as from a lake or ocean over land, the process is called:

evaporation transpiration condensation advection

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA [email protected]

Worksheet……………………..Water Cycle…………….Continued

8. The structural form of water is:

CO 2 NaCl H2CO 3 H2O

9. -12. Next to the arrows, write the names of four process in the water cycle that best describes what each arrow (s) indicates.

SKY radiation SUN

precipitation evaporation

advection

LAND OCEAN/LAKE

Choose from this list of terms : transpiration advection conduction evaporation evapotranspiration radiation respiration convection condensation precipitation evolution

13-15.Name the three states that water exists in in the water cycle.

Gas (vapor) liquid (water) solid (ice)

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA [email protected] WATER CYCLE To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle”

Can You Spell This? Answers to the following questions, are in the lyrics of the RRR song “Water Cycle”. Think carefully about the spelling of these words and the answers will become obvious.

1. Only one ‘state’ of water uses the same vowel twice, though it is not the only vowel it uses. Which one is it ?

2. Which part of a plant involved in the Water Cycle would spell the name of another plant (that we eat) if the first letter was dropped and the last letter was changed to an ‘o’?

3. Which process in the Water Cycle is unique to the sun? It has two ‘a’s and two ‘i’s and only nine letters.

4. Which is the only vowel never used in the spelling of any of the processes of the Water Cycle?

5. A name of a process involving plants is actually the combination of two other names of processes involving plants. It has the most letters of any of the processes named in the Water Cycle. What is it and how many letters does it have?

6.-7. This word contains a smaller word that means the same as ‘gaseous state of water’, and is often invisible. What is the small

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

WATER CYCLE…………..Can You Spell This?...... Continued

word, and what is the process called that contains the smaller word?

8. -10. Three processes share the same last seven letters ”ration”. The name of one process is a combination of the names of the other two. What are these three processes?

11-13. Three processes share the last five letters “ation”. What are the names of these processes?

14. Only one process ends with “tion” that is not preceded by a vowel. What is the name of this process?

15. Which five letter word changes to almost an opposite meaning if you change its first letter from an “s” to a “p”.

BONUS QUESTION!

Two processes each contain ½ the number of letters of one of the other processes. Can you name all three processes?

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] WATER CYCLE To be used with RRR song “Water Cycle”

ANSWER KEY

Can You Spell This? Answers to the following questions, are in the lyrics of the RRR song “Water Cycle”. Think carefully about the spelling of these words and the answers will become obvious.

1. Only one ‘state’ of water uses the same vowel twice, though it is not the only vowel it uses. Which one is it ?

liquid

2. Which part of a plant involved in the Water Cycle would spell the name of another plant (that we eat) if the first letter was dropped and the last letter was changed to an ‘o’?

stomata becomes tomato

3. Which process in the Water Cycle is unique to the sun? It has two ‘a’s and two ‘i’s and only nine letters.

radiation does not involve plants or water

4. Which is the only vowel never used in the spelling of any of the processes of the Water Cycle?

The vowel ‘u’ is not used

evapotranspiration has 18 letters

6.-7. This word contains a smaller word that means the same as ‘gaseous state of water’, and is often invisible. What is the smaller word, and what is the process called that contains the smaller word?

The small word is vapor . The process is e vapor ation

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected]

WATER CYCLE…………..Can You Spell This?...... Continued

8. -10. Three processes share the same last seven letters ”ration”. The name of one process is a combination of the names of the other two. What are these three processes?

evaporation transpiration evapotranspiration

11-13. Three processes share the last five letters “ation”. What are the names of these processes?

condensation precipitation radiation

14. Only one process ends with “tion” that is not preceded by a vowel. What is the name of this process?

advection

15. Which five letter word changes to almost an opposite meaning if you change its first letter from an “s” to a “p”.

solar relates to the sun and heat polar relates to opposites and often cold

BONUS QUESTION! Two processes each contain ½ the number of letters of one of the other processes. Can you name all three processes?

radiation and advection each have 9 letters. Evapotranspiration has 18 letters.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com . Cambridge, MA. [email protected] WATER CYCLE CROSSWORD PUZZLE

1 2

5 6 7

8 9

12 13 14

16 17 18

SOURCE:Rhythm, Rhyme, Results...the other 3 R's

ACROSS DOWN

1 the layer above the earth that water enters when 2 transpiration plus all other evaporation it evaporates 3 transformation of water to gas 4 a type of change that does not occur in the 6 water flowing across land Water Cycle, but frequently occurs in other 7 the state of water if it is not a gas or solid cycles. 9 water vapor reforming as liquid droplets 5 the continuous movement of water through three 10 radiation heat energy from the sun that causes states (2 words) evaporation 8 continuous series of events that has no end 11 part of a plant that allows transpiration 10 the term used to describe the condition of water 13 another name for the gaseous state of water (2 in its gas, liquid or solid form words) 12 the general direction water flows during 14 what water does when it changes from one form precipitation to another 17 the number of 'states' water can exist in 15 the solid state of water 18 movement of water through air as in 'ocean to 16 an essential element for animal and plant life land' 19 the only state of water that is usually invisible 21 water falling to earth as snow or rain 20 the general direction of water during evaporation 23 the structural form of water 22 the source of energy that drives the Water Cycle 24 evaporation through the stomata of plants WATER CYCLE CROSSWORD PUZZLE Solution: A T M O S P H E R E E V V C H E M I C A L W A T E R C Y C L E P P U I C Y C L E O O N Q O S T A T E R O S U N O R A F T I D L A T F O D O W N E A N T I M A N R S R O A T S I P A N W T H R E E A D V E C T I O N V A A R T E R S A T U V I A F P R E C I P I T A T I O N T O O R P N S I R R O U H 2 O M T R A N S P I R A T I O N N S RESOURCES

If you Google a topic like ‘photosynthesis’ or ‘water cycle’ you will pull up about a gazillion pictures, charts, etc. The difficulty is finding something suitable for the age group and the level of science sophistication of your students.

Here are a few that we found that were quite good. You may find others as well.

GENERAL www.takeaimatclimatechange.org The site, sponsored by Passport to Knowledge, has a great music video made by RRR and Polar Palooza on Climate Change. Entertaining and educational, the song is hip hop (like our others) and the information-filled lyrics are easy to read or download. It is a great way to begin your Earth studies.

www.passporttoknowledge.com . Is a wonderful site for video and information about the Earth www.wikipedia.com This is always a good place to start on almost any topic. There is an extensive biography and all kinds of links to take you to additional sites packed with information, diagrams and pictures.

LAYERS OF THE EARTH and EARTH, SUN, MOON http://library.thinkquest.org/29033.begin/earthsunmoon.htm This site has some interesting diagrams and drawings that give students a visual understanding of the relationship of the moon, earth and sun to each other in a collective set of examples. It is hard to read the text, so this is best viewed on a computer screen. The information is clear, concise and should be easily understood by middle school or high school students. www.nineplanets.org . Click on Earth. Scroll down. There is lots of information about earth. Also the moon. Good for extra credit reports, but mostly for older middle school and high school students. Great pictures. http://science.howstuffworks.com . Click on ‘Earth Science’ on the Menu Bar, then on ‘Geophysics’. From there you can get information on the Earth, Sun and the Moon. This site has quite a bit of information for younger middle school students. It is not the most ‘scientific’ site, but the information is good and the style easy to read and understand.

RADIATION, CONDUCTION, CONVECTION http://educational.jlab.org/sat/powerpoint_2007.html This site is sponsored by Jefferson Lab a world-class research facility and dedicated to science education. Though not the easiest to get around, you will find it referred to several times on this RESOURCES page. In this section there are power point presentations. “Conduction, Convection and Radiation” is a good one. (see if your

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected] RESOURCES ……Continued students spot the spelling error!) Good for grades 7-9, Other power points available on this site are less successful in their appeal. www.mansfieldct.org/schools/MMS/staff/hand/convcondrad.htm This is Mr. Hand’s 8 th grade science site and has an excellent explanation and examples for radiation, conduction, and convection. Play the Game, too. You don’t have to log in.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_chloroplast.html good explanation of chloroplasts, simple, fairly easy to understand for any age. Scroll to the bottom and you get www.biology4kids.com/files/plants_photosynthesis.html Also, good, simple with a diagram that is easy to understand. The part on ‘light and dark reactions’ is a great way to introduce the topic. The Calvin cycle is mentioned as well. www.sciencemadesimple.com/leaves . This site has a good explanation and drawing of photosynthesis occurring in a leaf. The rest of the site isn’t so useful.

WATER CYCLE http://education.jlab.org/reading/water_cycle.html As mentioned before, this is the website of Jefferson Lab, a world-class research lab. The “Reading Comprehension Passages” on the “Water Cycle” is very useful for class or individual study of younger middle school students, but a little to simplistic for older students. http://mail.watertown.k12.ma.us81?~kboudreau/study%2520Guides.WI Even though this is a very long URL it is worth the effort as this Weather Study Guide is from a 7 th grade teacher and it is very useful. Easy to read and understand. Has a great picture (though small), a vocabulary and discusses clouds, storms and related events. The picture is from a Prentice Hall 7 th grade textbook SCIENCE EXPLORER, Page 61 http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle This site is a simple diagram, but it is excellent and it easy to activate the moving parts which provide a good visual explanation. This is great for all age groups. There is an accompanying interactive quiz that is quite good. Other diagrams and interactive segments on this site are less successful.

SCIENCE CROSSWORD AND OTHER PUZZLES http://education.jlab.org/ Another Jefferson Lab site. Though a little more than many students might be able to handle, the crossword puzzles are fun, especially Matter Changing States . The only problem is that they do not provide answers. Science Vocabulary Hangman is fun, too.

SOURCE: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results…the other 3 R’s. SCIENCE. www.educationalrap.com Cambridge, MA . [email protected]