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FEMINIST COLLECTIONS A QUARTERLY OF WOMEN’S STUDIES RESOURCES

Volume 38 Numbers 3–4 Summer–Fall 2017

University of Wisconsin System Feminist Collections

A Quarterly of Women’s Studies Resources

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ISSN: 0742-7441 © 2017 Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Feminist Collections A Quarterly of Women’s Studies Resources

Volume 38, Numbers 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017

CONTENTS

From the Editor ii Book Reviews

Rape on Campus and in Popular Films 1 by Rachel Bicicchi Transcending the Binary: Exploring Gender Plasticity in a Heteronormative World 3 by Sarah Hastings

Gendered Life Sentences 5 by Vanette Schwartz

Fertility Tourism: Moral and Political Economies of Hope in the Global Healthcare Market 7 by Kara Takasaki

A Man of Many Dimensions: Michael Dillon/Lobzang Jivaka 10 by Lynne S. Rhys

Modern Female Poets: Celebrating Subversion by Creating New Mythologies 12 by Kelly Jones Feminist Visions

Three Films on Women's Activism in the 1960s and 1970s 14 by Susan Wood

The Legacy of Nirbhaya: Two Documentaries about a Violent Crime 19 by Karla J. Strand

E-Sources on Women & Gender 23

Periodical Notes 25

Books Recently Received 27 From the Editor

November 2017. Goodbye, periodical reviews, book reviews, media anything else that could be considered Feminist Collections! Hello, Resources for reviews, descriptions of library activi- a resource for the field — but at more Gender and Women’s Studies: A Feminist ties in Women’s Studies at the cam- and more of them. You’ll see some Review. puses in the UW System, announce- This journal’s name, look, ISSN, ments of conferences and workshops, and even trim size will change with discussion of issues such as intellectual our very next issue, Winter 2018. Its freedom in developing Women’s Stud- volume/issue numbering will continue ies library collections, problems in without interruption — that Winter access to materials, and descriptions of 2018 issue will be Volume 39, Number microform collections owned by librar- 1 — and the journal’s aim will remain ies in the state.” essentially the same: to help people find, evaluate, and use contemporary resources about gender and women’s studies, whether for university teach- ing, scholarly research, library collec- tion development, or simply personal enrichment. Its content, readership, and list of contributors, we hope, will grow. Our first issue, published almost 39 years ago, was a 6-page newslet- familiar reviewer names, but also new ones, and perhaps your own! We’re especially interested in publishing reviews by graduate students in any related field. Please get in touch! We’ll endeavor to produce thicker, more robust issues, and return to quarterly publication after several years of issue- doubling as the norm. Feminist Collections was a name We also hope our readership will more suited to our original focus on grow. We think this resource-review library collection development. Our journal is itself a valuable resource, subtitle, typeface, page layout, and and we’ll do what we can to let more cover design were updated from time people know about it and make sub- to time over the years. Now it’s time scribing easier. We’re also eager to hear not only to update our look, but to from readers about ways we can keep adopt a new title that will plainly growing and changing to meet your communicate to today’s readers what GWS information needs. Again, please we offer: a review — a feminist one — get in touch! of resources for gender and women’s ter that aimed to “establish a network studies. We’ll still be looking at books, JoAnne Lehman among persons with an interest in films, periodicals, websites, and library-related issues in Women’s Stud- ies…The newsletter will offer informa- tion about feminist library presses,

Page ii Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Book Reviews Rape on Campus and in Popular Films

by Rachel Bicicchi

Kelly Oliver, HUNTING GIRLS: SEXUAL VIOLENCE FROM THE HUNGER GAMES TO CAMPUS RAPE. Colum- bia University Press, 2016. 216p. notes. bibl. index. $30.00, ISBN 978-0231178365.

In November 2016, Glamour Magazine named Emily attitudes about sex, consent, and sexual assault on campus? Doe, survivor of a high-profile campus rape case at Stanford Oliver does not attempt to argue that the film and television University, as one of its women of the year. The magazine depictions that she explores are a direct cause of rape (the praised Doe’s now-well-known remarks directed to her outmoded “hypodermic needle” theory of media effects), attacker, Brock Turner, who was given a laughably light but she does convincingly illustrate how they loom large six-month sentence by a judge who expressed concern that a in our current mediascape. Opening with a discussion of a more severe penalty would damage the young man’s future. particularly memorable episode of America’s Next Top Model, Never mind that Turner had brutally raped an unconscious in which the contestants were asked to pose as if they were young woman. Never mind that her future was irreparably dead hunting trophies hanging on a wall (pp. 1–3), Oliver damaged. Glamour quoted two particularly memorable walks us through scenes of rape and violence in a number statements from Doe’s letter: “Future reference, if you are of recent films, including The Hunger Games, Divergent, confused about whether a girl can consent, see if she can Hanna, Maleficent,and 50 Shades of Grey, pointing out a speak an entire sentence”; and number of themes that consistently emerge. Sexual violence is nothing new in Hollywood films. But I am not just a drunk victim at a frat party…while Oliver contends that the protagonists are getting younger you are the All American swimmer at a top univer- and that we’re really seeing girls, not women, in the films sity…I am a human being who has been irrevers- she explores (p. 1). These films give us “tough girls.” There ibly hurt…You took away my worth, my privacy, is no mistaking that Katniss Everdeen (The Hunger Games) my energy, my time, my safety, my intimacy, my and Tris Prior (Divergent) are active, self-sufficient women confidence, my own voice, until today.1 who aren’t waiting around for a prince to save them. They have agency and take matters into their own hands, fighting It is in this environment, one where the attitude to- back against the corrupt culture that surrounds them. But as ward campus rape is ambivalent at best, where the media’s a punishment for asserting themselves, these tough girls get response to a rape case is to focus on the accused rapist’s the shit beat out of them. Equal opportunity agency has led athletic achievements, and where lack of consent is treated to equal opportunity beatings (p. 46). In most cases, the vio- as a sexy fantasy, that Kelly Oliver (W. Alton Jones Professor lence, and especially the sexual violence, aimed at these girls of Philosophy, Vanderbilt University) situates her explora- satisfies “a perverse desire to see girls abused and beaten as tion of the connections between contemporary pop culture punishment for becoming strong and independent” (p. 46). representations of teenage girls and the campus rape epi- demic. The major focus of Oliver’s work is on the attitudes Rape in film and rape in real life are not new prob- on college campuses toward sexual assault. The Vanderbilt lems, of course, but having one’s rape and the aftermath case, which involved four student athletes who filmed their broadcast, debated, discussed, and dissected via social media gang rape of the unconscious girlfriend of one of the four, is a more recent phenomenon. In films, Oliver argues, social is used extensively throughout the book as an example (pp. media is presented in largely positive terms. Although it’s 8–9, 63, 87, 97–98, 105, 111–112), as is the Yale University being used as a tool of oppression at the beginning of such fraternity that drew attention for its chants celebrating lack narratives as The Hunger Games, for example, Katniss is of consent (“No means yes, yes means anal” and others; pp. ultimately able to use social media to her advantage. Having 25, 59–60, 71, 93–94). her relationship with Peeta played out live for millions ulti- To what extent have popular culture representations mately helps her win sympathy for her cause (p. 113). On of girls and women contributed to these contemporary film, the girls are able to fight back. They don’t care about

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 1 Book Reviews

negative exposure because they have bigger battles to fight cally, Title IX holds colleges and universities responsible for (p. 112). the environments they create, although as of this writing, no But for real world victims, social media offers no such school has actually lost federal funds as a result of a Title IX outlet. In fact, over and over again, victims whose attackers investigation. Oliver praises Annie Clark and Andrea Pino, and friends filmed them or distributed their naked photos who filed a Title IX claim against the University of North across the internet say that the public humiliation, which Carolina, as heroes for helping us understand this use of often never truly ends (given how difficult it is to remove Title IX. At the same time, she argues that Title IX has been internet content once it has spread), is worse than the assault used to shut down discussion about rape and sexual assault. itself (pp. 100–101). Social media is very much a double- Placing the words “safe space” and “trigger warning” in scare edged sword in this context. In several cases, including the quotes, Oliver writes that there are conflicting pressures one at Vanderbilt, the photos and videos have helped secure on universities — not only to stop sexual assault, but also a conviction, because they provide evidence to overcome the to censure or prevent speech that may inflict emotional or “he said, she said” stalemate that characterizes many rape tri- psychological damage on a protected class (p. 153). Specifi- als (pp. 97). But they do so at the continuing expense of the cally, she points to Laura Kipnis’s (Northwestern University) victim’s dignity and privacy. essay about sexual paranoia and faculty-student relation- ships (p. 155) and to a Brown University debate about rape Another major theme of Oliver’s book is consent, or culture, which was met with a group of students setting up a the lack thereof. On many college campuses, the current safe room for students who needed to leave the debate (pp. trend among administrators and student affairs profession- 150–151). “Students need to be aware,” writes Oliver, “that als seems to be to encourage affirmative consent (only yes critically discussing sexual violence is not itself a form of means yes), while among students, non-consent is becoming sexual violence, but rather is necessary as a first step to stop- more and more valorized (pp. 59–61). Oliver ties this valo- ping it” (p. 159). rization of non-consent to a variety of media images, both recent ones such as 50 Shades of Grey and long-loved fairy Title IX has thus been both a boon and a disaster for tales such as Sleeping Beauty, in which, in the early, non- colleges, and indeed this is true of each of the major cases Disneyfied versions, the sleeping princess is raped repeatedly presented in this book. Increased attention on consent is and impregnated by the prince before he wakes her. She also important, but the way that it is often presented reifies points to the constant availability of internet pornography gender norms and turns consent into a moment instead of and its major role in many young men’s education about sex a negotiation. The female heroines in our popular culture (pp. 50–51, 57). As a result, many modern sexual predators are both a necessary feminist corrective to the earlier age of are united by the belief that women want and enjoy rape, male-only heroes and the face of a troubling trend in which “knowledge” that they appear to have gleaned from internet women are harassed and violated on screen and in public. pornography (p. 61). Oliver’s work ought to raise a number of important ques- The generous interpretation, Oliver writes, is that these tions in readers’ minds. young men and boys are confused about what consent is. A Recommended for college and university libraries, less charitable one is that they get off on debasing women especially those that support gender studies and cultural or and find forced sex and lack of consent desirable. The media studies programs. carefully guarded, closed websites that contain videos and images of their victims suggest that most of the perpetrators Note know exactly what they are doing (pp. 62–63). In this environment, campus officials are pushing af- 1. Anonymous and Cindy Leive, “Women of the Year: Stan- firmative consent. Affirmative consent is an improvement ford Sexual Assault Case Survivor Emily Doe Speaks Out,” over “silence as consent” or “no means yes,” but it presents Glamour Magazine, November 1, 2016, available at www. a number of new problems, namely that affirmative consent glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-emily-doe. tends to reify traditional heterosexual gender roles (sex is something that is done to a woman, by a man, to satisfy his [Rachel Bicicchi is associate professor, educational technology needs) (p. 75), and it also assumes that consent is a moment, coordinator, and research/instruction librarian at Millikin Uni- not a continual process of negotiation (p. 74). versity in Decatur, IL. She is the liaison to the communication; In her conclusion, Oliver explores the recent use of English; history and political science; math; and physics and Title IX on campuses to deal with sexual assault. Theoreti- astronomy departments as well as the gender studies program.]

Page 2 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Book Reviews

Transcending the Binary: Exploring Gender Plasticity in a Heteronormative World

by Sarah Hastings

Chaynika Shah, Raj Merchant, Shalini Mahajan, & Smriti Nevatia, NO OUTLAWS IN THE GENDER GALAXY. Zubaan Books (distr. by Univ. of Chicago Press), 2015. 287p. bibl. appendix. pap., $25.00, ISBN 978-9384757687.

Social relationships shape our range of caste and class. In accordance in the realm of desire, love, lives in profound ways. Throughout with qualitative research practices, the sex and relationships; from childhood and adolescence, we watch authors locate themselves in relation the minutiae of hair length how our families, teachers, and peers to their research questions, recounting and turn of the collar to the perceive and evaluate us. The emo- their own experiences of marginaliza- complex arena of negotiating tional bonds we establish with signifi- tion by the binary system they exam- personal and public spaces; cant others color our feelings about ine. All of the authors identify as queer from finding words for one- ourselves and help direct us to our researchers who were assigned female self to creating spaces for an place in the world. One salient aspect at birth, and they bring an informed open exploration of consen- of our social environment — the bi- perspective to their analysis of the sual gender — our conversa- nary system of gender, which presumes binary gender system that questions its tions traversed these paths of people fit naturally into one of only foundations and illuminates its limita- joy, pain, repression, violence, two categories, male or female — is so tions. They share their own stories anger, silence, discovery, pervasive in our daily lives that we of- during the introductory material and struggle, camaraderie, love, ten fail to see it at all. As the authors of elicit personal accounts from their despair and hope with all our No Outlaws in the Gender Galaxy note, participants throughout the remainder respondents. (p. 25) the binary gender system “is reinforced of the text. by norms, maintained by an intricate The chapters unfold as one might system of rewards and punishments, Using a guided life history anticipate in a text reporting on a and reproduced continuously by social narrative method as the foundation research project, with descriptions of and cultural practices. Binary gender is for their interviews, the researchers the methods employed, the demo- thus normalized into the very fabric of gathered details on participants’ de- graphics of the participants, and the human existence and seems inevitable velopment within the family, experi- primary life domains explored in the and unbreakable” (p. 224). ences in school and higher education, interviews. The book concludes with Authors Chaynika Shah, Raj Mer- relationships with intimate partners, a summary chapter that pulls together chant, Shalini Mahajan, and Smriti work, migration, and health systems. themes and offers suggestions for a Nevatia ask big questions: How do we Participants’ accounts proved poignant way ahead. Throughout the text, the understand gender? How does it mani- and rich in detail, as evidenced in these authors reveal the relentlessness with fest through the social institutions we reflections by the authors: which social institutions erect and encounter every day? What are the enforce gender boundaries. Families, implications for those who fit into its We did this study to talk schools, workplaces, and medical sys- structure and for those whose experi- about gender, and talk we did. tems are structured to prevent gender ences map onto it differently? The stories and conversations transgression. As a result, the experi- No Outlaws in the Gender Galaxy began flowing with the very ences of gender non-conforming lives tells the story of an interview-based first question around current are rendered invalid and invisible. research project extending over five gender identity. From child- years with fifty participants, all living hood experiences to the pangs The interviews revealed bright in India, all having been assigned fe- of puberty; from a glowing spots as well. When queried about in- male at birth and identifying as queer, awareness of one’s self and terests or hobbies that helped them feel whose social backgrounds reflect a body to multiple meanderings comfortable with themselves, partici-

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 3 Book Reviews pants identified sports and extracur- example of qualitative research for stu- ricular activities as venues where young dents in the behavioral sciences, and I girls were less restricted by gendered can envision using it in my psychology clothing and group membership of- of women course. fered belonging and prestige. One par- I liked No Outlaws in the Gender ticipant, reflecting on her time as an Galaxy. I was moved by the courage of athlete, remarked, “You were a hero. those who contributed their stories. I Girls followed you around. You could appreciated learning about the experi- dress as you pleased and wear your hair ences of marginalization that brought short” (p. 94). Books also provided a the authors to this work as well as refuge for many participants, as did the story of the research project itself. writing poetry or participating in Nurturing diversity requires creating theater and the performing arts. These opportunities for new perspectives and endeavors helped participants become new ways of being. Hearing the voices more comfortable in their bodies, of those marginalized by existing experiment with new roles, connect systems is crucial to making space for art with politics, and savor soaring their identities and their contributions. imaginations. The authors conclude, Despite its academic structure, the text reads more like a compelling To have no outlaws in the narrative than a research report, ampli- gender galaxy, the voices and fying the voices of courageous partici- lives of those outlawed by the pants as they struggled to cope within present restrictive and closed the confines of a elentlesslyr gendered system have to critically system and “dissent through their very inform the envisioning of lives” (p. xi). It manages to capture this transformation. We hope the nuances of privilege afforded by this book, and especially the class or caste, which provide a range of voices within it, contribute alternatives and protective factors for towards this process. (p. 243) some and lead to further marginaliza- tion for others. [Sarah Hastings is a professor of psy- The final sections of the text argue chology and the director of the women’s for reconceptualizing gender — for and gender studies program at Radford thinking of it less as a static, dichoto- University. Her research explores gender, mous state and more as an unfolding marginalization, and well-being across identity that reveals itself over time. the lifespan.] The authors caution against referring to gender in terms of fluidity, however, favoring instead the notion of plastic- ity. Gender has shape, they argue. It holds its place. Yet it is malleable and benefits from room to expand and evolve. As a women’s and gender studies faculty member keeping an eye out for resources to expand my U.S.-based undergraduate students’ appreciation of diverse experiences, I think this text fits the bill. It also offers up a rich

Page 4 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Book Reviews

Gendered Life Sentences

by Vanette Schwartz

Lora Bex Lempert, WOMEN DOING LIFE: GENDER, PUNISHMENT, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR IDENTITY. New York University Press, 2016. 320p. notes. index. pap., $27.00, ISBN 978-1479827053.

The lives of women sentenced The book identifies six stages population among women of all races to life imprisonment without parole, through which women serving life and classes. They learn whom to trust “as traditionally understood, are over,” sentences traverse: (nobody), what survival behaviors are writes Lora Bex Lampert; “institution- Stage 1. Women entering prison needed, and how to deal with personal ally they are erased from the category come face-to-face with the highly re- and sexual relationships. of human beings” (p. 63). Lempert strictive atmosphere as they leave their Stage 3. As women incarcerated for gives voice to these “lifers” life move into the third stage, by revealing their day-to-day “acting at a choice point” (p. experiences and the strategies 99), they become less reactive they use to cope and resist. and develop increased levels of Lempert (Ph.D. agency and individuality. in sociology, University of Stage 4. After some years California, San Francisco) was in prison, many women “create on the faculty of the Univer- a counter narrative” (p. 108), sity of Michigan–Dearborn in which they put aside views until her retirement. Her of themselves as only criminals, earlier publications centered work on forgiving themselves, on violence against women, and redefine their identities. her recent research on incar- Stage 5. Lempert sees these cerated women. In addition women as progressing — even to working with the National though setbacks occur — to Lifers of America organization “develop an internal com- at a Michigan correctional pass” by finding “a core moral facility, she taught college identity that is both authentic courses for women inmates. for them and compatible with To establish context for prison culture” (p. 115). the study she discusses in this Stage 6. In the final stage book, Lempert documents the the women work toward underlying factors that result “rebuilding social bonds” by in increased U.S. incarcera- developing friendships and by tion. Changes in drug crime helping others — especially laws, in offenses charged as new inmates — to survive. felonies rather than misde- At several points in the meanors, in “three strikes” process, a woman may with- laws, and in sentencing draw, or fragile social bonds regulations have placed more may be disrupted, but through- women in prisons for longer periods of former identities — for instance, those out all six stages Lempert sees these time. For this project, she conducted of wife or mother. life-sentenced women as resisting the focus groups, examined diaries, and Stage 2. By “[n]avigating the forces of incarceration. had inmates compile “life course nar- ‘mix’” (p. 65), the women negoti- Perhaps the most disturbing ratives.” ate their places in the prison’s general chapter in the book deals with

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 5 Book Reviews correctional officers. Lempert describes how lifers cope with the never-ending for incarcerated mothers to have 48- the entrenched “us” versus “them” grind of prison life. One strategy is to hour private visits with their children. mentality, with female prison guards emulate life outside prison through Women with children also advocated often treating the women even more ordinary activities such as cooking, the repeal of laws that terminate a harshly than male guards do. With growing plants, or having a job to woman’s parental rights after she has their direct control over everyday earn small amounts of money. Stay- been incarcerated for 15 months. activities, the guards’ ability to enforce ing busy with cleaning, reading, craft rules arbitrarily leaves inmates never work, writing a journal, or pursuing Lempert herself advocates knowing when or how they may appeals for their cases allows women structural changes, for instance to be punished. Lempert also found to occupy their time. Lempert found sentencing laws, to the practice of many instances of sexual abuse and that since relationships with families prosecutors “overcharging” defendants, harassment of women inmates by outside prison are often strained or to the severity of sentences for aiding correctional officers. Although the diminished over time, some women and abetting a felony, and to the harsh 2003 Prisoner Rape Elimination Act form “pseudo-families” in prison (p. consequences felons face after release forbids officer/inmate relationships, 199). And although same-sex relation- from prison, including denial of jobs some women do engage in consensual ships are officially prohibited, Lem- and restrictions on housing options, sexual relationships with guards, but pert’s focus groups revealed that some education loans, and public assistance. sexual contact is more often forced. women choose such liaisons as a form Lora Bex Lempert has skillfully Lempert also discusses Neal v. Michigan of resistance and also to satisfy emo- used her experience and research to Department of Corrections, the class tional needs. Sexual relationships are produce an in-depth analytical study of action lawsuit that documented years very fluid among the women Lempert women sentenced to life in prison. Her of officer sexual abuse of inmates interviewed, with a “gay/straight” study shows not only that these women and resulted in plaintiffs receiving a division often not applicable. Finally, possess full humanity and live real lives, settlement of $100 million. among the ways the women cope with but also that, despite a gender-biased Despite inconsistent and some- prison life, Lempert found that religion correctional system and a society that times abusive treatment by correctional is “the primary tool for rehabilitation would ignore them, they strive con- officers, however, Lempert found that and self-actualization among inmates” tinually to achieve agency and meaning these women serving life sentences do (p. 225). in their lives. manage to engage in resistance. Some The women Lempert interviewed Recommended for academic and exercise a small degree of agency by offered many recommendations public library collections. learning the fine points of prison rules for improving conditions for lifers, so they can challenge the guards; others including counseling and educational [Vanette Schwartz is the librarian for outright refuse orders, even though opportunities for themselves; annual sociology, anthropology, history, and social they risk punishment by doing so. gender-specific training and consistent work at Illinois State University, where In Chapter 8, “Eating the Life- application of rules and policies for she also develops collections in women Sentence Elephant: ‘One Day at a correctional officers; and arrangements and gender studies.] Time,’” the author digs deeper into (including transportation for children)

Page 6 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Book Reviews

Fertility Tourism: Moral and Political Economies of Hope in the Global Healthcare Market

by Kara Takasaki

Amy Speier, FERTILITY HOLIDAYS: IVF TOURISM AND THE REPRODUCTION OF WHITENESS. New York University Press, 2016. 192p. bibl. index. pap., $28.00, ISBN 978-1479849109.

Most people, especially women, are aware that Patient-travelers in the study described feeling constant modern medicine offers ways for people facing infertility pressure to keep trying to have a child and to maintain a to reproduce. Middle-class women who have prioritized positive attitude throughout financial and emotional ups their educations and careers, but still want to have children, and downs. They believed that stress and negativity would create a steady demand for assisted reproductive technolo- decrease their chances of a successful medical procedure. gies (ARTs). People hear about egg freezing, egg and sperm Czech clinic personnel and travel brokers would reinforce donation, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) through the media. this belief, despite a lack of scientific evidence to support Such procedures, however, are usually talked about in terms the claim. Advising clients to prioritize positivity, health, of medical, biological, or financial necessity, not pleasure, and relaxation allowed travel brokers and clinic personnel to leisure, or tourism. be perceived as people who personally cared about patient Fertility Holidays is an ethnographic account of the lit- well-being. In addition, the encouragement to maintain a eral and emotional journeys taken by a number of “patient- positive attitude and have a good time helped clients believe travelers” from North America to the Czech Republic to that even if their medical treatments were unsuccessful, they undergo IVF procedures in the years 2010–2012. Travel would still have had an enjoyable European vacation. brokers, Czech clinic personnel, and related online com- The desire for a worry-free vacation provided a goal and munities participated in a political economy of hope — one an escape for clients who wanted to hide their infertility, that appealed to white couples who were seeking white who were immersed in information about infertility, and babies who would appear biologically related to them along who wanted to not worry about infertility. Understandably, with relatively inexpensive but high-quality technology and however, these clients were not successful in having stress- patient care and a stress-free European vacation. free vacations. They were traveling to an unfamiliar country Anthropologist Amy Speier used surveys, participant where they did not know the culture or the language and observation, focus groups, and interviews to study fertility where they were going to engage in expensive and advanced tourism from the perspective of patient-travelers — couples medical procedures. who used the services of two travel brokers, IVF Holiday and IVF Choices. The brokers allowed Speier to survey 30 of The patient-travelers in the study rationalized their their previous clients and also provided access to the Czech experience of these stressors by saying that the Czech reproductive clinics that served these clients. During the clinic personnel provided better patient care than they had study, Speier personally met with 29 couples, who took a received back in North America. Even though “better care” total of 51 fertility trips, from which 28 children were born. meant not only that medical personnel would make time She also conducted follow-up life-history interviews with 19 to listen to their patients and comply with their requests couples after they returned to the U.S. but also that they might do unnecessary procedures that in- Speier found that online communities about fertility creased patients’ costs, study participants did not talk about tourism were a significant source of emotional support and the fact that the clinics were profitable businesses. They a critical avenue for sharing medical and travel informa- portrayed more expensive North American clinics as seek- tion among study participants. Perhaps reflecting a societal ing profit from patients, but saw the lower prices in Czech assumption that having children is primarily the responsibil- clinics as evidence that these clinics cared about patients as ity of women, these online communities were overwhelm- people. ingly populated by women: it was mostly women who were Speier shows how this particular political economy creating, participating in, and monitoring the content of the of hope becomes a place of moral self-evaluation. Patient- communities, and women had the most to say about their travelers referred to their use of ARTs in terms of luck, fertility journeys to the Czech Republic. gambling, and odds, an approach not informed by science

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 7 Book Reviews

or actual outcomes but encouraged by Czech clinics and seen Speier draw connections among the Czech clinic’s eligi- travel brokers marketing their results as “success rates.” Re- bility restriction to heterosexual couples, the desire for white flecting American cultural values, patient-travelers believed babies, and the class experiences of patient-travelers. Speier that hard work and persistence would eventually result in a notes that other countries had cheaper clinics, but that by successful pregnancy. They self-policed and judged others seeking racial stability for their families through European on their pregnancy outcomes in relation to physical, mental, genetics, these clients are participating in a global neoliberal and emotional health. Hard work and persistence also meant market of health care that perpetuates stratified reproduc- continued investment in ARTs as informed consumers, tion (pp. 8–9). Patient-travelers may be drawn back to which meant staying connected to people they met on their repeat their experience in the Czech Republic because there fertility journeys and following medical discussions in rapid- they experience a privileged intersection of their national ly shifting online communities. ARTs empowered women to have choices about having babies, but disempowered them through this political economy of hope, which motivated them to continue to use ARTs despite costly medical care and emotional strain. ARTs can be emotionally and financially devastating. Infertile couples are intensely focused on getting pregnant, so they don’t fully consider the possibly complicated conse- quences of achieving pregnancy this way. ARTs increase the risk of birth defects and multiple pregnancies and can lead to miscarriage or premature birth and increased medical costs for clients and for the healthcare system. Some couples in the study went into debt and even re-mortgaged their homes in order to return to the Czech Republic for addi- tional cycles of IVF.

I wish Speier had more clearly laid out the multiple reasons that study participants return to the Czech Republic as patient-travelers — repeating the whole vacation scenario — instead of seeking cheaper medical treatment closer to home in their subsequent efforts to become pregnant. Her main argument focuses on the political economy of hope in a vacation and in ARTs. However, her account also sug- gests that couples return to the Czech clinics because they have joined a stigmatized community in which women work to create social kinship. Clients who have a successful procedure feel like they have overcome a challenge through individual hard work, perseverance, and luck, which can be validating and motivate women to seek the same experience again. Moreover, their experience in the Czech Republic makes them feel respected by systems that were not kind citizenship and class, where white people with medical au- to them in the U.S., particularly where being lower middle thority treat them with great respect and care. Race is often class was a significant obstacle to receiving fertility treatment conflated with class hierarchy in the U.S. For these lower- and probably informed how they perceived they were being middle-class consumers, their white race provides privilege. treated by medical authorities. The middle class considers children to be valuable emotional Speier refers to “the reproduction of whiteness” as it investments, made even more valuable for these patient- pertains to the desire for white babies that are phenotypi- travelers by the journeys they have taken to be able to have cally similar to white adoptive parents. I would like to have their children. Reflecting middle-class culture, these travelers

Page 8 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Book Reviews seek an otherwise unattainable normativity by purchasing a over the number of eggs to implant or the building of particularly valuable type of child. friendship between broker and clients over a cultural oddity, As a qualitative researcher, I wanted to know more convince the reader of a political economy of hope and paint about how Speier would account for the cases that might a picture that moves the narrative along. Graduate students challenge the central piece of her argument that patient- and social science researchers of fertility and reproduction, travelers emphasize the importance of the tourist experience. qualitative research, and women and gender studies will She mentions one Hispanic couple who seemed less interest- appreciate this study. The book would be appropriate for a ed in the vacation aspect of the graduate course in the aforemen- experience. Is there a selection tioned areas, but might not be as bias where only the people who interesting to a general audience especially worry about stigma because of the narrative’s organiza- are pulled to fertility tourism, tion as an academic argument. instead of traveling strictly for Readers will appreciate that the purpose of medical treat- the book temporally and logically ment? I would want to know follows clients from the U.S. to how online communities, Czech clinics. By starting with the brokers, and clinics managed emergence of brokers and ending the boundaries of this white, with an increasing trend toward heterosexual sample. Highlight- institutionalizing coordinators in ing tension in access to brokers, clinics, Speier could have more interview respondents, and explicitly developed the con- medical personnel could reveal cept of what she calls biological how this specifically white, het- citizenship to this particular case, erosexual population becomes in which brokers and coordina- a community. I would also like tors step in as intermediaries of to know more about issues that intimate and emotional labor. De- arose in trying to gain access to veloping that concept more fully brokers, interview respondents, could have helped to highlight and medical personnel. Speier the contradictions of neoliberal does mention that privacy and ideology as it meets particular stigma were salient concerns national economies and specific for her respondents and that at state government regulations in a Miriam Greenwald least one doctor did not seem globalized healthcare market. as talkative as other doctors, but it would have been helpful to learn more about how [Kara Takasaki is a doctoral candidate in the Department of these challenges were overcome in the study. Sociology at the University of Texas at Austin. She studies race Ethnographic research lends itself to compelling stories. and ethnicity, gender, and the stratification of paid and unpaid Detailed observations, like a disagreement between couples labor in the U.S.]

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 9 Book Reviews

A Man of Many Dimensions: Michael Dillon/ Lobzang Jivaka

by Lynne S. Rhys

Michael Dillon/Lobzang Jivaka, OUT OF THE ORDINARY: A LIFE OF GENDER AND SPIRITUAL TRANSITIONS. Jacob Lau & Cameron Partridge, eds. Fwd. by Susan Stryker. Fordham University Press, 2017. 256p. $34.95, ISBN 978- 0823274802.

For a narrative that combines Dillon/Jivaka traveled the world son’s Michael née Laura: The World’s British nobility, adventures at sea, dys- as a ship’s doctor for several years and First Female-to-Male Transsexual.4 functional families, medicine, betrayal, loved life at sea. Then, however, a Brit- Dillon/Jivaka’s autobiography has bigotry, gender identity, and Bud- ish newspaper found out about his past been carefully transcribed from the dhism, there’s no need to consult your and published the story of his transi- original manuscript by editors Jacob PBS program guide: look no further tion. Because of the resulting public- Lau and Cameron Partridge, both than Out of the Ordinary: A Life of ity, Dillon/Jivaka felt he could no academics, who have done an excellent Gender and Spiritual Transitions. longer enter either the United States or job of providing useful explanations Author Michael Dillon/Lobzang Britain; instead, he retreated to a Bud- without disturbing the rhythm of the Jivaka1 (1915–1962) was one of the dhist monastery. Even in the Buddhist text. The foreword and introduction, as first people in modern times to under- community, though, he had difficulty well as the timeline at the back of the go female-to-male gender reassignment finding his place, particularly after he book, provide context and clarity. In surgery.2 Born Laura Dillon in 1915 was betrayed by an English member of the body of the text, footnotes are rare, into lower-level British aristocracy, he the community (p. 225). Still, by the unobtrusive, and helpful. later took the name Michael. Shortly end of his life he had become a novice Out of the Ordinary is a straight- before his death he became a novice Buddhist monk and felt he had found forward, chronological autobiography Buddhist monk and took the name his path. divided into two parts: “Conquest Lobzang Jivaka. of the Body” and “Conquest of the But this autobiography would be Hoping to counter the nega- Mind.” The former covers the period fascinating even if the author hadn’t tive publicity in the British press, and from Dillon/Jivaka’s early childhood been transgender or Buddhist. having previously written several other until his gender reassignment surgery. Dillon/Jivaka’s childhood was one books, Dillon/Jivaka wrote Out of the The latter covers the remainder of his of dysfunctional privilege, complicated Ordinary and sent it off to his literary life. by his early realization that he identi- agent. But before the manuscript even Dillon/Jivaka’s writing has a stilted fied as male. Eventually, Dillon/Jivaka reached England, Dillon/Jivaka died. cadence (no doubt a result of his aris- matriculated at Oxford and made His agent still attempted to publish the tocratic British upbringing), but the a name for himself on the women’s manuscript but for unknown reasons narrative reads well. At first, the level rowing team. It was at Oxford that he was unsuccessful. The fact that Dillon/ of detail is slightly annoying, especially began to come into his own. Jivaka’s transphobic brother wanted the if one expects this book to be about After Oxford, Dillon/Jivaka went manuscript destroyed may have been a gender identity. He includes detail, for to medical school and became a doctor. factor (p. viii). example, about the stairway banister During World War II he began taking Although it has only now, in down which he and his brother slid (p. testosterone and had gender reassign- 2017, been published, this is not the 44), and shares his cherished childhood ment surgery — ultimately undergo- first time Dillon/Jivaka’s manuscript memory of his pilot’s coat with brass ing thirteen surgeries in the process of has seen the light of day. The literary buttons (p. 48). transitioning to male, in addition to a agent’s successor made the manuscript mastectomy. With few exceptions, his available to researchers; as a result, two Soon, though, it becomes clear family did not accept him; his brother, books have been written about him: that the author intended the book to in particular, considered him an em- The First Man-Made Man, by Pagan be very intimate in the hope that he barrassment even before his “change- Kennedy,3 and, earlier, Liz Hodgkin- would gain the reader’s true under- over” (p. 21 n. 18). standing of who he was as a person.

Page 10 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Book Reviews

(p. 59) and a “grossly Negroid nose Note and mouth” (p. 161), and he ac- cuses Indians of being malingerers (p. 1. For the most part, this review fol- 159). He concedes that he “developed lows the author’s use of both names in something of a reputation of being a the original manuscript. woman-hater, since [he] made a point of treating them in a rather rough, 2. The history is a little murky on this brotherly fashion” (p. 125). Yet before point, and at least one man appears his transition he had taken the Oxford to have undergone the procedure women’s rowing team, long considered prior to Dillon/Jivaka. Karl Meir Baer, a joke, to championship (p. 77). born Martha Baer, was an intersex As one can imagine, Dillon/Jivaka man raised as a woman. He had sex- suffered greatly because he didn’t fit the reassignment surgery in 1906. See Ofer traditional feminine model. Follow- Aderet, “Recalling the First Sex Change ing surgery, though, he seems to have Operation in History: A German- had fewer social and legal obstacles to Israeli Insurance Salesman,” Haaretz, transitioning than he would encounter December 5, 2015, www.haaretz.com/ today. For example, he seemed to have israel-news/.premium-1.690112, ac- little trouble changing his passport, his cessed May 19, 2017. birth certificate, and his legal name; Hence, the story is full of small and the level of acceptance he received 3. Pagan Kennedy, The First Man-Made moments. In isolation, each of these from some of his employers was re- Man: The Story of Two Sex Changes, memories might seem meaningless to markable for its time. One Love Affair, and a Twentieth-Cen- anyone else, but together, they weave a Still, this is an autobiography born tury Medical Revolution (Bloomsbury rich tapestry of an extraordinary life. of genuine pain. The sorrow that fueled USA, 2007). Like all of us, Dillon/Jivaka was Dillon/Jivaka’s effort is evident in the full of faults and contradictions. opening of his introduction: 4. Liz Hodgkinson, Michael née Laura: Although he was Buddhist and capable The World’s First Female-to-Male of living ascetically, he was heavily If men and women had a Transsexual (Virgin Books, 1989; out influenced by the classism instilled Right Sense of Values there of print). in him by his family. While he was would never have been any clearly aware of the absurdity of his need for this book to have [Lynne S. Rhys is the state law librar- elitist upbringing (p. 40), he seemed been written and published ian for New Mexico and the director of unaware of the extent to which he — but then if the world had a the New Mexico Supreme Court Law bought into those values. For example, Right Sense of Values it would Library. She holds an M.S. in library he complained of being forced to drink not be in the mess it is today. and information science from Florida from cracked cups at the home of an (p. 29) State University, a J.D. from Harvard indigent patient (p. 118). Even the fact Law School, and a B.A. in economics that the two parts of his book refer- In the end, Out of the Ordinary and philosophy from the University of ence conquest of the body and mind is is not a book about gender identity, New Mexico. The opinions expressed in slightly reminiscent of British colonial- or about Buddhism for that matter. this article are the reviewer’s own and do ism. Rather, it a compelling and nuanced not reflect the views of the New Mexico The book also has racist and sexist portrait of a man of many dimensions, Supreme Court or its law library.] undertones. For example, the author just one of which was his gender iden- refers to a “n----r brown uniform” tity. And in the end, if one is seeking acceptance, isn’t that as it should be?

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 11 Book Reviews

Modern Female Poets: Celebrating Subversion by Creating New Mythologies

by Kelly Jones

Colleen S. Harris & Valerie Estelle Frankel, eds., WOMEN VERSED IN MYTH: ESSAYS ON MODERN POETS. Mc- Farland, 2016. 248p. index. pap., $39.95, ISBN 978-0786471928.

In this collection of essays, editors Colleen S. Harris “Classical Myth Subverted,” “Outside the Greek Tradition and Valerie Estelle Frankel present a wide range of rumina- — From the Near East to the Aztecs,” “Within the Class- tions from academics and critics that center on how modern room,” and “Ancestry, the Personal and Self-Writing Wom- female poets “re-vision” masculine myths of old and recre- en.” By beginning with the classical focus and concluding ate familiar tales of heroism, adventure, and sacrifice. By with a more accessible and contemporary grouping of essays, inserting the female experience directly into what has long a logical structure is formed, but it is one that probably en- been a male-dominated realm, the poets examined in these sures a limited readership. This is not a text someone is likely essays “join to create a new mythology for a modern world to pick up for a gradual introduction to the topic of female of women” (p. 3). mythic poetry; on the other hand, any novice who does hap- The editors pose a central question in their pen to stumble upon it will find a wealth of information and introduction: “What precisely do women get from myth?” opinion. Each well-written essay cites multiple poems and (p. 1). This seems a solid entry point for inquiry, since scholarly works in support of its theme and could function women in myth are frequently as an independent piece of depicted as beautiful vessels scholarship. that are acted upon by Part I, “Classical Myth powerful men. As a reader Subverted,” features seven or writer seeking to gain a essays that highlight arche- deeper understanding of the typal themes and focus largely female experience, it can on the classic imagery and be difficult to find much in symbolism of myth and the mythic stories. In ancient subversion of that imagery and myth, women are frequently symbolism. Mythic retell- acted upon — they are ings from H.D., Margaret abducted, seduced, damned, Atwood, Louise Glück, and and glorified — but rarely Sylvia Plath are reexamined are they autonomous beings here. More contemporary empowered to follow their topics are introduced in Part desires freely, and their stories II, “Outside the Greek Tradi- are most often told from the tion — From the Near East to male perspective. Through the Aztecs,” and these authors reimagining these myths, take a more global approach to female poets are able to myth. Topics in Part II range subvert old tales and recreate from Chicana Grrl Power to narratives, finally allowing creation myths of Hawaii and mythic female characters a Australia, with a steady theme more complex experience and of disrupting legendary narra- a voice of their own. tives and re-visioning myths Apparently composed in order to reshape the roles of with an academic audience in women in them. mind, Women Versed in Myth The final sections of the is organized into four parts: book seem the most accessible

Page 12 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Book Reviews to a wider audience outside of academia. Part III, “Within grandmothers. The muscular use of poetic language the Classroom,” includes four essays, intended mostly for I employ to state my truths and feelings plainly, the college classroom, that provide rationales and activi- without guilt or concern for propriety or offense, ties for teachers — although one of these, “Ancient Voices: explodes in catharsis, a benediction and marker for Bringing the Greeks to Life for Students K–12,” provides people, transformations, and happenings lost and multiple resources for introducing a younger audience to past. (p. 197) myth and its many themes and challenges. In the closing essays in Part IV, “Ancestry, the Personal and Self-Writing Although Women Versed in Myth does not propose a Women,” contemporary female poets reflect on their direct path of action forward or maintain a central argument processes of writing with myth. This is where writers and throughout, the unifying thread of its essays seems to be a teachers of creative writing are likely to learn the most about close study of how the subversion of myth may empower craft and practice. Paula J. Vaughn, in “In My Own Image,” both modern women and future generations. Editors Har- conveys the allure of embracing and subverting myth as a ris and Frankel have succeeded in curating a wide array of female poet: essays that encourage readers, writers, and scholars to look forward as well as back and to take the time to reconsider When I write poetry about goddesses as mirrors the female mythic perspective. of the lives I have lived within a single lifetime, I liberate ancient rage and despair, a curative act that [Kelly Jones is a poet, librarian, and educator who currently reaches backward and forward through generations calls North Carolina their home. You can visit them online at of women including my own mother, aunts, and kellyannejones.com.]

Miriam Greenwald

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 13 Feminist Visions Three Films on Women’s Activism in the 1960s and 1970s

by Susan Wood

Jennifer Lee, FEMINIST: STORIES FROM WOMEN’S LIBERATION. 64 mins. 2013. Women Make Movies.

Mary Dore, SHE’S BEAUTIFUL WHEN SHE’S ANGRY. 92 mins. 2014. Cinema Guild.

Nevline Nnaji, REFLECTIONS UNHEARD: BLACK WOMEN IN CIVIL RIGHTS. 81 mins. 2013. Women Make Movies.

Each of these full-length documentary films addresses Commission on the Status of Women, an eye-opening publica- women’s activism in the civil rights, anti-war, and feminist tion that revealed and documented the very low status of movements of the 1960s and 1970s in the U.S. Interviews women in the U.S. She highlights discrimination in em- with feminist and anti-racist scholars, politicians, and or- ployment with stories like that of the Equal Employment ganizers are interwoven with abundant archival images and Opportunity Commission’s lack of interest in enforcing an video footage of marches, guerrilla theater, media coverage, amendment to Title VII that added sex as a protected cate- speeches, and meetings. gory, and shows how the reluctance to address problems like Although there is some overlap in the footage shown sex-segregated help-wanted ads led directly to the creation and the individuals interviewed, each of the three documen- of the National Organization for Women (NOW). There are taries is stylistically distinct and contributes uniquely to a also interviews with Freedom Summer workers and refer- multifaceted view of the broad range of women’s work in ences to the memos and papers produced by volunteers like this era. Jennifer Lee’s work has a cozy, personal, and infor- Casey Hayden and Mary King (“Sex and Caste”), which mal tone; Mary Dore’s take is glossy and perhaps commer- drew attention to sexism within the civil rights movement cial, although not to the point of superficiality; and Nevline and were mimeographed and passed from hand to hand at Nnaji has created a quiet, somewhat conceptual mosaic. rallies and meetings across the country. Lee, in Feminist: Stories from Women’s Liberation, posi- tions interviews with activists and organizers against a Connections between the anti–Vietnam War move- contemporary worldview that takes for granted the work ment and the birth of the women’s liberation movement are of our feminist foremothers. She suggests that widespread highlighted in an interview with Vivian Rothstein (founding forgetfulness of what women were fighting for in the 1960s member of the Chicago Women’s Liberation Union), who and 1970s has contributed to a perception that there is no attended a peace conference in Czechoslovakia and heard need for continued feminist work. personal stories from Vietnamese women that sparked the Lee uses first-person narration to share her efforts to development of her own feminist consciousness. There are recover this history and educate herself by interviewing a images of the Jeannette Rankin Brigade, stories of male- variety of intellectuals and activists — well-known public led violence against the members of the Women’s Caucus figures as well as lesser-known grassroots individuals — from of the Students for a Democratic Society for daring to call the women’s liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s: out sexism within the movement, and, of course, footage Robin Morgan, Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Eleanor from consciousness-raising groups, the origins of which are Holmes Norton, Aileen Hernandez, Ruth Rosen, Vivian attributed (by Kathie Sarachild, founding member of the Rothstein, Kathie Sarachild, Heather Booth, Frances M. Redstockings) to the New York Radical Women. Beal, Byllye Avery, and many others. Attention is rightly paid to racism and classism within “The history of the women’s movement,” says Lee, “is the women’s movement, as well as to sexism within the more complex than I had originally thought.” civil rights and anti-war movements. Frances M. Beal (co- The film references many generative events leading to founder of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commit- the rise of the women’s liberation movement. Lee covers tee’s Black Women’s Liberation Committee) discusses the the institutional history of the 1961 Report of the President’s difficulties activists faced in prioritizing inclusivity in their

Page 14 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Feminist Visions movements amid the urgency of addressing prejudice and Mary Dore’s She’s Beautiful When She’s Angry features systematic discrimination. Even conceptualizing inclusivity many of the same feminists and footage that appear in Jen- at this time was a challenge; the notion of intersectionality nifer Lee’s film. Also like Lee, Dore draws attention to the had not yet entered the discourse. rise of feminist consciousness as an outcome of women’s Some of my favorite footage is of the Redstockings dis- experiences in the civil rights and anti-war movements. rupting a Congressional hearing on Women were integral to these move- abortion and of the guerrilla theater ments as organizers, even while they of the Women’s International Terror- were the recipients of a pervasive ist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH, disrespect — stemming from deeply “The Striking Arm of the Women’s ingrained male chauvinism — that Liberation Movement”), whose minimized their contributions. members dressed up as witches and Marilyn Webb (co-creator of off cast hexes on such targets as the New our backs) tells of being booed, heck- York Stock Exchange. led, and cat-called at an anti-Nixon There’s a great deal of footage, protest when a group of women took of course, of the renowned 1969 the stage to announce the develop- Miss America Pageant protest in ment of a new social movement for Atlantic City, where activists snuck a women. Men called out rape threats, giant banner proclaiming “Women’s deeply surprising these women activ- Liberation” into the auditorium, ists who had expected nothing but unfurled it over the balcony, and support. They thought men would temporarily stopped the live televised see their work on behalf of women as proceedings. Robin Morgan (member just “another leg of the whole move- of the Redstockings) explains the ment. But we weren’t respected.” problems the pageant represented: Jo Freeman was deeply inspired not just objectification of women, by the women organizers in the civil but also racism, commercialism, rights movement: “All the women and militarism. Contestants were all I encountered who were working white, she explains, and the winner was used to shill com- in the civil rights movement were an impressive bunch of mercial products and to entertain and support the morale women. What I saw was a different image of what it meant of U.S. troops around the world. This protest was also the to be a woman, a different model. Although I didn’t fully likely source of the epithet “bra burners.” Alix Kates Shul- realize it at the time, I was in fact getting the groundwork man (Redstockings) tells of the “freedom trash can,” set up for being a feminist.” on the boardwalk, into which artifacts of women’s oppres- Frances M. Beal, who co-founded the Black Women’s sion were thrown. “We couldn’t get a permit to have a fire Liberation Committee in 1968 to address the need for on the boardwalk, so instead we had a freedom trash can. women to organize for their own rights as women in the We never did burn bras, but our intention was to burn bras, black liberation movement, sums it up: “All these other to tell you the truth.” social change movements that were going on at that time Many threads of feminist activism and consciousness led to the women’s movement. They gave rise to women’s in the 1960s and 1970s are drawn together in Lee’s film, consciousness of a need to operate on an equal basis.” and the emphasis on the work of somewhat lesser-known She’s Beautiful When She’s Angry, more explicitly than grassroots feminists is refreshing and informative. The Feminist: Stories from Women’s Liberation, illustrates the chronological arrangement of the stories captured here and power of consciousness-raising groups and the emerging the emphasis on action over the philosophical, theoretical, realization that the personal is political. When women talked and academic underpinnings of the movement help to make to one another about their experiences, they learned that this a straightforward introduction to that era, one especially in fact they were not each experiencing personal problems; suitable for those just beginning to explore feminism. they were experiencing social problems. The realization that

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 15 Feminist Visions these problems were not one’s own personal fault was hugely thing to talk about that might be a tiny bit different from liberating and served as a basis for analyzing the pervasive what’s coming from the stage. And indeed we did.” Frances sexism in culture and society. M. Beal tells of the difficulties and fear women had about A particular strength of this film is the footage from breaking a taboo in speaking about abortion rights within television talk shows and media coverage, which clearly il- the black liberation movement, which largely framed abor- lustrates the popular discourse surrounding the movement. tion as a form of black genocide perpetrated by dominant “Man[sic]-on-the-street” interviews capture common sexist white culture and called for women to have babies “for the attitudes expressed by both women and men: women should revolution.” not advance themselves, they should stay in the background; Black women experienced a high degree of marginaliza- “women’s libbers” are merely seeking attention for them- tion in a feminist movement that often failed to acknowl- selves to feel important; everything is alright the way it is; edge differences across women’s experiences, and at the same there’s nothing to be liberated from. time in a civil rights movement that reproduced sexism and On an episode of the David Frost Show during this time, sometimes viewed women’s role as primarily reproductive. a young Kate Millett (Sexual Politics) responded to a ques- This dilemma is illustrated by a dramatic reading from a tion about what exactly feminists believed: “As feminists, position paper entitled “Poor Black Woman,” by the Mount what we believe in is very simple. And that is the social, Vernon Group: economic, and political equality of the sexes. Because the relationship between the sexes is in fact a political relation- Black women are being asked by militant black ship.” Shulamith Firestone (The Dialectic of Sex) answered brothers not to practice birth control…but black the question “You’re so oversensitive…why are you so sensi- women in the United States have to fight back out tive?” with, “We don’t like being so of our own experience of oppres- sensitive. It’s not pleasant. We don’t sion, and having too many babies like having to always be catching stops us from teaching them truth, things. We’d rather they didn’t exist. from supporting our children, and But as long as people are going to from stopping the brainwashing, be insensitive to our position, we’re as you say. And fighting black men going to have to keep correcting who still want to use and exploit them. Because there’s no other way us. to change the consciousness.” She’s Beautiful… accurately In a movement that prioritized depicts the women’s liberation the concerns of heterosexual, white, movement as one of conflict from middle-class women, lesbians also were within as well as from without. The marginalized. The now classic “Woman movement had to learn to recognize Identified Woman” manifesto by the its own tendency to exclude the Radicalesbians addressed this problem experiences of women who were not and called for women to “give your white, middle class, and heterosex- energies to other women.” Rita Mae ual. This exclusion was sometimes Brown remembers the 1970 Second intentional, an outcome of respect- Congress to Unite Women in New ability politics, such as when NOW York, in which there were no panels fearfully rejected lesbians’ concerns about homophobia or the experiences from their platform and agenda. At of lesbians. Brown and others, wearing other times, the exclusion stemmed T-shirts proclaiming “Lavender Men- from unexamined racist and classist attitudes. ace” — a reference to Betty Friedan’s derogatory depiction Linda Burnham (co-founder of Black Women United) of lesbians in the movement — interrupted that congress, remembers an abortion rights rally in 1978 as “a sea of distributing the manifesto and demanding to be included on white…very few women of color. And someone grabbed a equal footing. bullhorn and asked for the African American women who The film covers many more pivotal issues, political were there to gather under a tree…Maybe we have some- strategies, and intellectual stances (occasionally with some-

Page 16 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Feminist Visions what off-putting dramatic reenactments) of the activism hierarchy advanced a culture of white women’s dependence of the 1960s and 1970s: the work of the Boston Women’s on white men who had access to high-paying jobs and other Health Collective (Our Bodies, Ourselves), the Jane abor- positions of social dominance; it simultaneously denied tion network, the fight for safe birth control, the poverty black men the same opportunities, leaving black women to of women, forced sterilization, the absence of women from shoulder a load that white women were “protected” from. the curriculum in higher education, Black women were then caught in struggles to reject patriarchal models a system in which they were stig- of leadership, sexual liberation, the matized as matriarchal, blamed for importance of self-published tracts familial dysfunction, and forced to and independent presses, sexual navigate necessary organizing and harassment, rape, and the fight for intellectual work while being on childcare. I was surprised to learn the receiving end of sexist attitudes that Congress passed legislation in within the civil rights movement. 1971 to create a national system of Cleo Silvers (Black Panther Party) subsidized childcare, only to have explains, “The struggle between men it vetoed by President Nixon as too and women for people of African de- “Soviet.” scent…whose ancestors were slaves, She’s Beautiful… concludes with cannot be the same struggles as the a look at today’s widespread lack feminist movement.” of attention to women’s rights and Media footage reflecting efforts erosion of reproductive rights, as well to move black men into the labor as the insidiousness of still-existing force and touting the psychological sexist attitudes, such as the discourse benefits of engaging in “virile” labor of victim-blaming around rape. like construction are juxtaposed Virginia Whitehill (activist for against Frances M. Beal discussing reproductive rights) concludes that the 1965 Moynihan report, a socio- “the bitter lesson is that no victories logical study that blamed female- are permanent. All our rights are like that. They’re only as headed black families for the crisis of black poverty and lack good as we maintain them.” of upward mobility. This climate was the impetus for the development of a Black Women’s Caucus in the SNCC, the Nevline Nnaji’s Reflections Unheard: Black Women purpose of which was “to begin addressing very explicitly in Civil Rights is a contemplative take on women’s politi- the condition of women, [and] programs for women, which cal organizing during this period. Through interviews and would include both the role of women within SNCC and through footage from meetings, actions, and political the role of black women in society as a whole.” organizing, this film focuses on both the successes and the Judy Richardson (SNCC) identifies the differing dilemmas of black women, who were forced to divide their dynamics of movement organizations and the roles and attention between working on their own behalf as women treatment of women within them. While she describes the in civil rights movements and as black women in feminist NAACP as “black male macho,” the women in the SNCC movements. The relative absence of overt exposition tying were treated with more respect. She compares this with the the pieces of this film together creates a tone of introspec- experiences of white women in Students for a Democratic tion and quiet reflection. Society, who were too often expected to operate as a sup- Nikki Giovanni, Frances M. Beal, Judy Richardson, port system for the men — who saw themselves as the “real” Gwendolyn Simmons, Cleo Silvers, Deborah Singletary, leaders. She says that black women in the SNCC may have and other organizers and intellectuals tell about the work been treated with more respect because men saw them on attempted and accomplished in such groups as the National the front lines, subjected to the same brutal treatment from Black Feminist Organization, the Black Women’s Liberation the police that black men received. Committee of the SNCC, the Third World Women’s Alli- Rosemari Mealy (Third World Women’s Alliance), who ance, and the Black Panther Party. took on the role of women’s liberator within the Black Pan- This film addresses the complex politics between black ther Party, tells of men’s reluctance — shown, for instance, women and black men in resistance movements within a in resistance to taking direction — to accept the leadership white supremacist, patriarchal society. The sexist and racist of women. Cross-chapter women’s meetings became places

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 17 Feminist Visions where women would share these experiences and feel em- often women of color, to manage their households and care powered to advocate for themselves and increase awareness for their children. of these dynamics. Encouraging young women to see them- Issues like medical testing of the birth control pill selves as more than the sexual partners of the men in the on unsuspecting Puerto Rican women, the deep poverty party was essential to resisting a discourse that sometimes experienced by women worldwide, the working conditions defined women’s primary importance within the movement of Latina immigrants in the U.S., and the function and con- as child-bearers and framed attention to sexism as “divisive sequences of imperialism shifted the focus for some black to the movement.” feminists to a wider view, and the Women’s Third World Reflections Unheard also addresses the complex dynamics Alliance was born out of the SNCC Black Women’s Libera- between white women’s and black women’s feminism, which tion Committee. In this section of the film, Nnaji includes necessarily tackled different sets of issues deeply shaped by a generous amount of uninterrupted footage of speeches by both class and race. Deborah Singletary says, “One of the delegates at the International Woman’s Year Conference of things that I understand about black women is our im- 1977, who called for recognition of the many distinct barri- mense humanity. Because we can easily get [white women’s] ers faced by women of diverse ethnicities in the U.S. issues…But because they have been so privileged, it’s really In addition to interviews, there is fascinating video foot- difficult to get them to understand that their whole mode of age showing the day-to-day work of women engaged in or- operating and being is from a position of privilege.” ganizing: inside an NAACP office, with a committee of the Barbara Easley Cox (Black Panther Party) points to United Church of Christ working on developing a consumer the violence black women faced at the hands of police as a buying club, and at Black Panther gatherings. fundamental disconnect with the issues white women were At the conclusion of Reflections Unheard, Deborah defining as important in the women’s liberation movement. Singletary offers this: Nikki Giovanni explains, “That’s one of the problems that women’s lib has in relating to the black woman. They look For the enslaved Africans, male and female, who at themselves as women, but we’ve had to look at ourselves ran away, who got caught, and whipped or killed… as black.” I’m very grateful to them because they show me Video footage from a roundtable discussion hosted by that you can be right and fail. Or you could be journalist Betty Medsger illustrates the differences between right and not be a success. That gives me the free- the concerns of middle-class white women, who were fight- dom to live my life as I will. And I have the sense ing to enter the paid workforce to find meaning in their that if I had not encountered the National Black lives and be taken seriously beyond the roles of wives and Feminist Organization…when I did…that my life mothers, and the working-class and black women who were might be very, very different. That I might not live already in the paid labor force out of necessity. Black women as free and juicy as I do now. and working-class women have always had to work, unlike middle-class, married, white women, who have had the op- All three of these films are highly recommended pur- tion to rely on white men with access to high-paying jobs. chases for college and university libraries. When white women have participated in the labor force on par with men, it has been possible in part because they have [Susan Wood, M.A., M.S., is an instruction librarian at Suffolk been more likely to be able to afford to hire other women, County Community College’s eastern campus on Long Island.]

Page 18 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Feminist Visions

The Legacy of Nirbhaya: Two Documentaries about a Violent Crime

by Karla J. Strand

Vibha Bakshi, DAUGHTERS OF MOTHER INDIA. 45 mins. 2015. Third World Newsreel.

Leslee Udwin, INDIA’S DAUGHTER. 62 mins. 2015. Women Make Movies.

Content Warning The documentaries reviewed in this article describe real incidents of violent rape and its aftermath, and one includes interviews with individuals who express extremely misogynistic views.

In the largest international study ever conducted on reported rapes in the world and that other Western Euro- violence against women, one in four men said they had pean countries display higher rates of rape than India and raped someone at some time in their lives, and one in ten some other non-Western countries.6 Attempts to compile admitted they had raped someone who was not their inti- and compare rates of rape and sexual violence throughout mate partner.1 The study, conducted by the United Nations, the world reveal the complexities of defining, reporting, and examined sexual violence in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, quantifying incidents of rape — but what we do know is Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Sri Lanka. Since this that naming one city or country the world’s “rape capital” is was one of the few investigations ever conducted that fo- oversimplified and misleading. cused on men as perpetrators instead of women as victims/ survivors, the research offers some startling yet valuable in- An especially brutal gang rape occurred in Delhi, sights. For example, the researchers found that almost half India, in late 2012. In response, massive protests began in of the men who acknowledged having raped had done so earnest, led by university students demanding attention to more than once. In addition, 70% said they raped because the crisis of rape in India. The six perpetrators were cap- they felt entitled to, and only 50% indicated that they felt tured within a week of the incident. One died by suicide any guilt for their actions.2 in jail, and four others were still in prison awaiting the As shocking as some of these statistics from Southeast death penalty as of May 2017. The last perpetrator, a minor, Asia may be, it is important to keep in mind the broader served three years in a juvenile home before being released picture of rape and sexual violence as such crimes occur in 2015. worldwide. A recent report by Equality Now calls rape a Two different films about this horrible crime and “global epidemic,”3 based on the World Health Organiza- its aftermath were released in 2015. Daughters of Mother tion’s finding that 35% of women worldwide have been vic- India, directed by Vibha Bakshi and executive-produced by tims of physical or sexual violence in their lifetimes, often Academy Award winner Maryann De Leo, garnered awards by an intimate partner.4 The U.N.’s Southeast Asian study and accolades from many quarters, including the president found that of the men who had admitted to committing of India. India’s Daughter, a BBC documentary made by rape, only 23% had ever served jail time. But in the U.S., U.K. filmmaker Leslee Udwin, was quickly banned by the this percentage is estimated by the Rape, Abuse, and Incest Indian government and subjected to criticism both within National Network (RAINN) to be even lower: according to the country and elsewhere. RAINN, only 310 of 1,000 rapes in the U.S. are reported How do these two films, which document the same to police; and of those 310, only 6 perpetrators ever serve incident and address the same issues about violence toward time in jail.5 It has also been found that one in four college women, differ? And why were the responses to the films — women in the U.S. will experience sexual assault during not only from India’s government but also from feminist their time in university. In the last five years, controversy thinkers — so different? This review will explore these ques- has raged over reports that Sweden has the highest rate of tions with the goal of providing insight into how the films

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might be used in classrooms to increase critical examination lawyers make clear in their interviews that they believe and awareness about rape in the U.S. and throughout the women are mostly to blame for their rapes. They express world. what some men in India still believe: that women should not go out alone after seven or eight in the evening, that Jyoti Singh, a 23-year-old medical student about their morals have deteriorated — as evidenced by the way to become a doctor, was visiting her family in Delhi in they dress and socialize with boys — and that if they are December 2012. On a Sunday night, she and a male friend, raped, they should just submit instead of fighting back. The trying to get home after seeing a movie, boarded a bus that bus driver even claims that men are doing women a favor by offered transportation. Already on the bus, in addition to teaching them not to break the social mores of strict Indian the driver, were five men who had been drinking. After bru- gender roles. tally beating her male friend, the men dragged Singh to the back of the bus and repeatedly raped and tortured her for an hour, while the driver continued to drive the bus around Delhi. Finally, the men threw Singh’s body and that of her friend off the bus, leaving them for dead at the side of the road. Singh died in the hospital from her horrific injuries 16 days later, although before her death she was able to provide information that helped the police apprehend her attackers. For almost three years after her death, Jyoti Singh was known to the public only as “Nirbhaya” — meaning “the fearless one” — a title attributed to her because she had tried to fight off her attackers and then managed to survive for another 16 days. It was only in 2015 that her parents named her publicly in an effort to decrease the stigma at- The interviews in India’s Daughters are enraging to tached to rape victims and their families.7 watch. While they provide a look into the minds of the per- Word spread quickly in the days following the rape, petrators, they also offer a dangerous opportunity for view- and thousands of people, mostly students, gathered in the ers to perceive the majority of Indian men as sharing these streets of Delhi. Protestors surrounded one local police sta- misogynistic beliefs and attitudes. Indeed, this was one of tion, blocked major roads, and demanded attention to the the film’s largest criticisms and, some speculated, one of the issue of women’s safety.8 When crowd size and intensity of reasons it was banned. It was feared that the interviews con- outrage increased after Singh’s death, protestors were met stituted hate speech against women, and that viewing them with tear gas and water cannons, and injuries were sus- would incite even more violence against women. It was also tained by both protestors and police.9 Similar protests took argued that the accused perpetrators were given undeserved place in Bangalore, Kolkata, and Mumbai.10 attention through the interviews, tarnishing Jyoti Singh’s Although these two documentaries cover the same memory in the process. Some critics speculated that the horrible incident and were released within a year of each an- film was banned because Leslee Udwin’s inclusion of the other, there are more differences between them than simi- bus driver’s testimony was unethical and interfered with larities. Both films describe the gang rape of Jyoti Singh as India’s sovereignty to decide its own legal processes. Others well as the protests that followed, but Daughters of Mother believed the government just wanted to squelch any bad India goes on to describe another rape, one even more hor- publicity about India. rific in that the victim (although she survived) was only five Someone watching these films and reading media cov- years old. That crime, which occurred during the making of erage about the incidents might be quick to blame Indian Daughters, was so devastating to filmmaker Vibha Bakshi culture for the prevalence of sexual violence in the country. that she almost ended the documentary project then and While it is true that poverty and tradition can influence there.11 rates of violence, it is imperative to push beyond initial The roles of poverty and misogyny in incidents of reactions and examine the complex issue of rape more thor- sexual violence are mentioned in Daughters of Mother India, oughly. Rape is certainly not a singularly Indian problem, but they are more central in India’s Daughter, which in- but someone who watches only these two documentaries cludes interviews with the driver of the bus, the families of might believe it is. Both documentaries could have done a the other men arrested for the crime as well as their lawyers, better job at contextualizing rape and sexual violence as the and Jyoti Singh’s parents. The bus driver and the rapists’ global and multifaceted issues that they are.12 This could

Page 20 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Feminist Visions be done by supplementing the viewing of these films with Neither of these documentaries is without fault, but recent research and data, analyses by non-Western feminists most critics agree that it was wrong to ban India’s Daugh- and scholars, and critical scrutiny of all resources for bias, ters. The censorship did, however, draw much-needed currency, and authority. attention to the topic of sexual violence, and many people in India and around the world have managed to see both Some criticisms of India’s Daughters focus on Leslee films. Both deliver strong messages against the silencing of Udwin’s non-Indian background. Some have accused the rape survivors and advocate for stronger sentencing for rap- film of perpetuating a Western colonial gaze in which ists. Much of Daughters of Mother India focuses on initia- Indian men, and Indian society as a whole, are othered as tives that are being taken in India to address the problem of uncivilized or barbaric.13 In the film, Udwin stresses Jyoti sexual violence against women. Some changes are certainly Singh’s academic success and desire for independence, being made: for instance, police in Delhi are being trained and the fact that those “Western leanings” are emphasized in gender sensitivity, and the number of crisis call centers has led some critics to question whether or not an Indian for women has increased. In addition, some schools are be- woman from more “non-Western” circumstances would ginning to teach children about good and bad touches and be seen as less sympathetic and deserving of justice than empowering them to say no and tell an adult when some- Singh.14 Still another criticism posits that Udwin belittles thing happens to them. While the film highlights mainly Indian feminism by seeming to ignore its strong and honor- these few government initiatives, it is clear that grassroots able history and portraying it as a newer import from the efforts are also attempting to lift the veil of shame from West.15 Others have questioned some of Udwin’s choices in women who have been raped and to empower girls to report making the documentary, from including the bus driver’s all incidents — even attempts — which was often not the testimony to theatrically re-creating events of that night and case in the past. setting the film to a dramatic musical score.16 One notable grassroots example portrayed in Daughters of Mother India is the work of the Asmita Theatre Group, which performs plays in the streets to help onlookers learn from the stories of Jyoti Singh and others like her. This guerrilla-style effort focuses on changing minds one at a time. Initiatives such as these are positive, and even though change is often slow, they are useful and inspiring examples of ways to respond to the film’s strong call to action. View- ers should remember, however, that rape and sexual violence are not just Indian problems, but, rather, major issues throughout the world that must be addressed at all levels, from government regulations to legal ramifications and changes in people’s daily lives.

Both India’s Daughter and Daughters of Mother India Image from the filmIndia’s Daughter would be worthy purchases for academic libraries. Both can be valuable tools in university classrooms, as they not only Most of the criticism has focused on the deficiencies tell the story of Jyoti Singh but also demonstrate to students of India’s Daughters, but Daughters of Mother India has not the importance of critical thinking, reflection, and inten- been without reproach. One of the most interesting cri- tional examination of sources. In this time of “fake news,” tiques of both films points to their adherence to a dangerous such skills are more important than ever. The topics of sexu- colonial narrative of Indian women as mothers and daugh- al violence and rape are multi-layered; teaching about these ters in need of protection instead of autonomous human challenging issues should include considerations of gender beings who have the agency to assert and defend themselves and feminism, geopolitical tensions, socioeconomic issues, against violence and injustice.17 The patriarchal language colonialism, racism, and more. Showing these documenta- in both film titles and the narrative it implies are reiterated ries in classes and supplementing the viewing with guided by one of the accused’s lawyers when he equates women in discussion and reading of criticism by non-Western feminist India with delicate flowers in need of protection. He goes writers can help students practice much-needed skills in on to blame women for sexual violence that occurs at the critical information literacy. hands of opportunistic men.

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Notes 9. Gardener Harris & Hari Kumar, “Clashes Break out 1. Tara Culp-Ressler, “What We Can Learn from the Larg- in India at a Protest over a Rape Case,” New York Times, est International Study on Rape That’s Been Conducted So December 22, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/world/ Far,” ThinkProgress (September 10, 2013), thinkprogress. asia/in-india-demonstrators-and-police-clash-at-protest- org/what-we-can-learn-from-the-largest-international-study- over-rape.html?mcubz=3. on-rape-thats-been-conducted-so-far-eb2b549a0ab3. 10. “Protests in India after Delhi Gang-Rape Victim Dies,” 2. For full details about the study and its findings, see these BBC News, December 29, 2012, www.bbc.com/news/world- two articles, each of which focuses on a different aspect of asia-india-20863707. the U.N. Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study on Men 11. Payal Mohanka, “‘Daughters of Mother India’ Breaks and Violence in Asia and the Pacific.: Emma Fulu et al., the Silence on Gender Violence,” Quint, March 31, 2016, “Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Male Perpetra- www.thequint.com/women/2016/03/31/daughters-of-moth- tion of Intimate Partner Violence,” Lancet Global Health v. er-india-breaks-the-silence-on-gender-violence. 1, no. 4 (October 2013), pp. 187–207; and “Prevalence of 12. Shakuntala Banaji, “Five Issues Raised by BBC ‘India’s and Factors Associated with Non-Partner Rape Perpetra- Daughter’ Documentary,” London School of Econom- tion,” Lancet Global Health v. 1, no. 4 (October 2013), pp. ics and Political Science, blog post at blogs.lse.ac.uk/ 208–218. The study was conducted in 2011–2012. Approxi- southasia/2015/03/07/five-issues-raised-by-the-bbc-indias- mately 10,000 men, aged 18–49, from six countries in Asia daughter-documentary; and Priyamvada Gopal, “Reducing and the Pacific — Bangladesh, China, Cambodia, Indone- Rape to a Generic Indian Male Mindset Fails Its Victims,” sia, Papua New Guinea, and Sri Lanka — were interviewed. Guardian, March 4, 2015, www.theguardian.com/com- Note that the term rape was not used explicitly in the mentisfree/2015/mar/04/reducing-to-a-generic-indian-male- interviews; instead, questions were asked about specific acts, mindset-fails-its-victims. e.g., “forced partner to have sexual intercourse with you 13. Debotri Dhar, “India’s Daughter and the White Femi- when she did not want to,” “forced a woman who was not nist’s Burden,” Sunday Guardian, n.d., www.sunday-guard- your wife or girlfriend at the time to have sex,” or “had sex ian.com/analysis/indias-daughter-and-the-white-feminists- with a woman who was too drunk or drugged to indicate burden; and Pranav Kohli, “Solidarity or Saviors? A Race whether she wanted it.” Critical Review of ‘India’s Daughter,’” Warscapes, September 3. Equality Now, “The Global Rape Epidemic,” Equality 24, 2015, www.warscapes.com/reviews/ Now, www.equalitynow.org/campaigns/rape-laws-report. solidarity-or-saviors-race-critical-review-india-s-daughter. 4. World Health Organization, “Global and Regional Es- 14. Pranav Kohli, “Solidarity or Saviors? A Race Critical timates of Violence against Women: Executive Summary” Review of ‘India’s Daughter.’” (2013), World Health Organization, www.who.int/reproduc- 15. Priyamvada Gopal, “Reducing Rape to a Generic Indian tivehealth/publications/violence/9789241564625/en. Male Mindset Fails Its Victims”; Pranav Kohli, “Solidarity 5. Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN), or Saviors? A Race Critical Review of ‘India’s Daughter.’” “Criminal Justice System: Statistics,” RAINN, www.rainn. 16. Ankita Anand, “‘India’s Daughter’ Shows Us That Not org/statistics/criminal-justice-system. Every Film on Rape Is Feminist,” Tempest, October 9, 2015, 6. Kathryn Snowdon, “Sweden Rape Statistics: Is Nigel Far- thetempest.co/2015/10/09/culture-taste/culture/indias- age Right to Claim Country Is Crime Capital?” Huffington daughter-shows-that-not-every-film-on-rape-is-feminist/; Post, February 21, 2017, www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/ and Ragini Tharoor Srinivasan, “The Allegory of ‘India’s nigel-farage-sweden-rape-comments-criticised-donald- Daughter,’” Los Angeles Review of Books, June 17, 2015, trump-immigration_uk_58ac01b4e4b07028b7036683. lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-allegory-of-indias-daughter. 7. “My Daughter’s Name Was Jyoti Singh,” Times of India, 17. Ragini Tharoor Srinivasan, “The Allegory of ‘India’s December 16, 2015, timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ Daughter.’” My-daughters-name-was-Jyoti-Singh-Not-ashamed-to- name-her-Nirbhayas-mother/articleshow/50206977.cms. [Karla J. Strand is the gender and women’s studies librarian 8. Niharika Mandhana & Anjani Trivedi, “Indians Out- for the University of Wisconsin System. Her research focuses on raged over Rape on Moving Bus in Delhi,” India Ink, the role of libraries and information in the empowerment of blog in New York Times, December 18, 2012, india.blogs. women and girls around the world. One of her current projects nytimes.com/2012/12/18/outrage-in-delhi-after-latest-gang- is the International Women’s Library (IWL), which can be ac- rape-case. cessed at intlwomenslibrary.org.]

Page 22 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) E-Sources on Women and Gender

Foundational Support chronicling women’s struggles in vari- “the voices of Syrian women and incor- for Women’s Rights ous political positions. The office of porating women as a key player in the Bolivian mayor Soledad Chapeton, for efforts leading to a peaceful resolution Heralded as the organization example, was broken into and burned of the Syrian crisis” and concludes with that “gives voice to the voiceless,” the down, resulting in the deaths of six the full text of the “outcome docu- U.K.-based THOMSON REUTERS public servants. Peris Tobiko and her ment” for the women’s meeting: an FOUNDATION serves as the philan- supporters in Kenya were cursed by itemized list of priorities and demands thropic arm of Thomson Reuters, “the tribal elders when she became an of- for negotiation, women’s participation, world’s biggest news and information ficial leader. All of the women inter- and an end to fighting. Read the full provider.” The foundation seeks to viewed tell of having violence directed text at www.unwomen.org/en/news/ broadcast under-reported news world- at them: rocks thrown, fires set, curses stories/2014/1/press-release-on-syrian- wide through international support cast. Still, they persevered and continue women-meeting. and leadership that promotes “socio- to make lasting political change: most WOMEN NOW, formally known economic progress and rule of law.” notably, they encourage other women as Soriyat for Development, is a Syr- The foundation has a special page to run for political positions and ian non-governmental organization for women’s rights news (news.trust. exercise their own political voices and (NGO) headed by 87 women and org/womens-rights) from around the opinions. 4 men that collaborates with other globe: from North Sudan to the U.K., When Women Rule highlights the grassroots and international organiza- the foundation promises to “focus on U.N.’s resolve for equal participation of tions and individuals “to consolidate stories that help to empower women sexes in political positions and exposes women’s roles in Syrian communities and bring lasting change to gender the very real oppressions and boundar- by enhancing their social, economic inequality.” The coverage takes an ies that get in the way of the goal to and cultural participation.” Having intersectional approach to reporting, achieve equal power by the year 2030. started off as a series of small projects focusing not only on women but also Additionally, as the accompanying in 2012, Women Now has expanded on issues of slavery, deportation, colo- article notes, women holding political to assist tens of thousands of families nization, families, and housing. The office means nothing if they cannot and individuals. With the overarching news contains both stories of horror, pass their agendas about pressing issues goal of “empowering Syrian women including sex trafficking, assault, and like sex trafficking, child marriage, and to make change,” the NGO focuses abuse, and tales of reprieve and growth, domestic violence. Filled with striking on women’s economic empowerment, for instance through women’s artwork, statistics and personal narratives, this education, childcare, and civil society filmmaking, and writing. The articles documentary series will continue to support, and establishes Women Now are short but packed with useful press lawmakers and world leaders as Centers to provide women with tan- information and additional resources. they ask, “What’s next?” or, more aptly, gible tools that will help them change Compiling articles, videos, photos, “Who’s next?” The series and supple- their lives. Learn more at women-now. interviews, and opinion pieces, the mentary article can be found at news. org. women’s rights initiative offers compre- trust.org/shorthand/when-women-rule. There are more than 613,000 Syr- hensive and much-needed exposure of ian refugees in Jordan alone, and 75% transnational women’s rights, empow- of them are women and children. The erment, and violations. Women in Syria SYRIA TROJAN WOMEN PROJ- Recently, with co-funding from ECT (syriatrojanwomen.org) has used the European Journalism Centre, the The 2014 UNITED NATIONS arts-based initiatives to center these foundation filmed a documentary WOMEN’s press release on Syria women’s experiences and advocate for series entitled When Women Rule. The specifically details women’s efforts to them. The project has produced the three films in the series focus on the participate in peacemaking and centers documentary Queens of Syria, trans- stories of women leaders in Kenya, women’s voices about the atrocities oc- lated Oliver! into Arabic, and published Bolivia, Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria, and India, curring in Syria. This article recognizes an English radio drama entitled We Are

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 23 E-Sources on Women & Gender

All Refugees. It also runs workshops in activists. The foundation found that conflict in 2011. A 2015 study, “Syr- conjunction with other organizations women’s organizations believe in and ian Women in the Eye of the Storm” to help children and adults express advocate for a civil society and a sus- (sn4hr.org/wp-content/pdf/english/ their fears, desires, and other emotions tainable (albeit arduous) peacemaking Syrian_women_in_the_center_of_ through theater and performance. process. The study seeks to answer the the_hurricane_en.pdf), focuses on the Named for the Arabic word that key question: “How can the interna- multitude of rights violations commit- means “generosity,” the nonprofit tional community, as well as Syrian ted against Syrian women in particular. KARAM FOUNDATION (www. actors, promote women’s peacebuild- The report, which offers numerical data karamfoundation.org) is dedicated ing in Syria?” In a time when there are as well as personal testimonies, con- to helping people help themselves. more questions than answers about cludes that the cause of Syrian women A project created by and for Syrians, human rights in Syria, the Badael “should be on top of the priorities list the Karam Foundation has expanded Foundation provides some encour- for the Syrian people’s supporters.” from a simple food drive to a booming agement and hope for peacemaking. A research study on the Syrian cri- initiative that provides sustainable and Read the full report at badael.org/wp- sis by CARE focuses on how women’s “smart” support that first asks popula- content/uploads/2016/01/Peacebuild- roles and incomes have changed since tions what they actually need. Forms of ing_Syria_20Jan.pdf. the crisis began. Syria has historically aid include food, breast milk, heating, The WOMEN’S INTERNA- been a patriarchal society, in which ambulances and emergency services, TIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE & men are expected to be the sole infant formula, and sponsorship of FREEDOM (WILPF) expands on and breadwinners for their families and education, with an emphasis on long- explains the Badael Foundation’s study women care for others. Because of term support that provides stability in a 2016 article entitled “Five Things injury and displacements, many men for children, families, and communi- You Need to Know about Syrian are no longer able to work. This study ties. The Karam Foundation uses its Women’s Grassroots Organisation in summarizes the new roles women are massive international power to provide the Context of Talks on Syria” (wilpf. undertaking, as well as barriers such holistic help and promises that 100% org/five-things-you-need-to-know- as education or wage gaps, and offers of donations go to those in need. After about-syrian-womens-grassroots-or- a list of recommendations for how to all, “the ability to serve those in need is ganisation-in-the-context-of-the-talks- best support Syrian women and help a privilege, not an obligation.” on-syria). Acknowledging that women’s them rebuild their lives (www.care.org/ Archiving the individual stories groups are taking over the peacemaking sites/default/files/documents/Syria_ of housewives, students, refugees, process at the grassroots level, WILPF women_and_work_report_ and teachers, the SYRIA STORIES advocates for the recognition and full logos_07032016_web.pdf). WOMEN’S BLOG (syriastories.net/ participation of Syrian women in the Fighting for peace, rights, and topic/women-blog) amplifies the voices political process. The article delves resources for women, MADRE seeks to of women who have lost or given up into not only what these grassroots provide humanitarian aid, partner with everything. The personal narratives in Syrian women are doing and why, but grassroots organizations, and advocate the blog recount painful experiences of also how they are making a difference for human rights. Syria has quickly the atrocities in Syria, while simultane- toward the goal of achieving sustain- become a top priority for Madre, ously chronicling stories of hope and able peace. which has launched the project Care resilience. “Considered to be one of the in Crisis for Women and Girls there In 2016, the BADAEL FOUN- most distinguished and reliable sources (www.madre.org/projects/care-crisis- DATION published the results of of information and references for all women-and-girls). Madre offers many an extensive study of Syrian women’s the analytical and statistical studies ways for outsiders to make a practical activism. The foundation itself “is com- issued by the United Nations,” the impact and showcases positive results mitted to strengthening civil society SYRIAN NETWORK FOR HUMAN on its website. groups and NGOs in Syria.” The RIGHTS (SNHR) issues periodic Compiled by Erika Gallagher Badael Foundation’s evidence-based research studies that investigate and (GWSL Editorial Assistant, 2017) research, which culminated in a report expose various human rights violations titled Peacebuilding Defines Our Future perpetrated in Syria since the rise of Now, interviewed 35 women leaders, surveyed 49, and spoke with over 100

Page 24 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Periodical Notes

Special Issues Chattopadhyay; “Similarities and Differences in Postcolonial Bengali Women’s Writings: The Case of Mahasweta Debi This column highlights special issues or thematic sections of and Mallika Sengupta,” by Blanka Knotková-Čapková; journals that do not regularly have an explicit focus on gender “Revolutionizing Agency: Sameness and Difference in the or feminism. Representation of Women by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain and Mahasweta Devi,” by Prasita Mukherjee; “Peopling an ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: AN INTERDIS- Unaccustomed Earth with a New Generation: Jhumpa La- CIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL v. 46, no. 2 (Febru- hiri’s Supreme Fictional Journey into Human Conditions,” ary 2017): Special section: “Culture and Variants of Sex/ by Neela Bhattacharya Saxena; “Cleopatra — a Queen, a Gender: Bias and Stigma.” Issue editor: Heino F. L. Meyer- Lover, a Mother: Transformations of the Image,” by Lidia Bahlburg. Publisher: Springer. ISSN: 0004-0002 (print), Wiśniewska. 1573-2800 (online). Available electronically to licensed users through Springer Link. JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND Partial contents: “Syndrome-Related Stigma in the THEORY v. 23, no. 3 (September 2016): Special issue: “‘Bi- General Social Environment as Reported by Women with nary Binds’: Deconstructing Sex and Gender Dichotomies Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia,” by Heino F. L. in Archaeological Practice.” Issue editors: Lara Ghisleni, Meyer-Bahlburg, Jazmin A. Reyes-Portillo, Jananne Khuri, Alexis M. Jordan, & Emily Fioccoprile. Publisher: Springer. Anke A. Ehrhardt, & Maria I. New; “The Islamic Perspec- ISSN: 1072-5369 (print), 1573-7764 (online). Available tives of Gender-Related Issues in the Management of Pa- electronically to licensed users through EBSCOhost and tients with Disorders of Sex Development,” by Ani Amelia Springer Link. Zainuddin & Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy; “Gender Issues and Partial contents: “Qu(e)erying Sex and Gender in Related Social Stigma Affecting Patients with a Disorder of Archaeology: A Critique of the ‘Third’ and Other Sexual Sex Development in India,” by Angela Ann Joseph, Bindu Categories,” by Enrique Moral; “(De)queering Hatshepsut: Kulshreshtha Iram Shabir, Eunice Marumudi, Tony Sam Binary Bind in Archaeology of Egypt and Kingship Be- George, Rajesh Sagar, Manju Mehta, & Ariachery C. Am- yond the Corporeal,” by Uroš Matić; “Belts vs. Blades: the mini; “Clinical Management of Gender in Egypt: Intersexu- Binary Bind in Iron Age Mortuary Contexts in Southwest ality and Transsexualism,” by Inas A. Mazen. Germany,” by Bettina Arnold; “‘Seek and You Shall Find’: How the Analysis of Gendered Patterns in Archaeology Can ARGUMENT: BIANNUAL PHILOSOPHICAL JOUR- Create False Binaries: A Case Study from Durankulak,” by NAL v. 2, no. 1 (2012): Special issue: “Philosophy and Susan Stratton; “Her Mirror, His Sword: Unbinding Binary Literature: Generation and Transformation in Gender and Gender and Sex Assumptions in Iron Age British Mortuary Postdependency Discourse.” Issue editors: Urszula Chow- Traditions,” by Alexis M. Jordan; “Feeding the Commu- aniec & Marzenna Jakubczak. Publisher: Department of nity: Women’s Participation in Communal Celebrations, Philosophy and Sociology, Pedagogical University of Cra- Western Sicily (Eighth–Sixth Centuries BC),” by Meritxell cow, Poland. 2011–2016; www.argument-journal.eu. ISSN: Ferrer; “Identifying Female in the Halaf: Prehistoric Agency 2084-1043 (online). Open access. and Modern Interpretations,” by Ellen H. Belcher; “Per- Partial contents: “Conceptualizing Generation and sonal, Political, Pedagogic: Challenging the Binary Bind in Transformation in Women’s Writing,” by Urszula Chow- Archaeological Teaching, Learning, and Fieldwork,” by Han- aniec & Marzenna Jakubczak; “Generation, Transforma- nah Cobb & Karina Croucher. tion, and Place in Inga Iwasiów’s Novels Bambino (2008) and Ku słońcu (2010),” by Ursula Phillips; “Diverse Voices: JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE- Czech Women’s Writing in the Post-Communist Era,” by COURSE CRIMINOLOGY v. 2, no. 3 (September 2016): Elena Sokol; “Memorable Fiction: Evoking Emotions and Special issue: “Gendered Experiences in Developmental Family Bonds in Post-Soviet Russian Women’s Writing,” by Pathways to Crime.” Issue editors: T. R. McGee & P. Maze- Marja Rytkönen; “Ashapurna Devi’s ‘Women’ — Emerging rolle. Publisher: Springer. ISSN: 2199-4641 (print), 2199- Identities in Colonial and Postcolonial Bengal,” by Suchorita 465X (online). Available electronically to licensed users through Springer Link.

Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Page 25 Periodical Notes

Partial contents: “The Relationship between Develop- & Kim Peters; “The Queen Bee Phenomenon: Why Women mental Trajectories of Girls’ Offending and Police Charges: Leaders Distance Themselves from Junior Women,” by Results from the Pittsburgh Girls Study,” by Lia Ahonen, Belle Derks, Colette Van Laar, & Naomi Ellemers; “When Wesley G. Jennings, Rolf Loeber, & David P. Farrington; Women Emerge as Leaders: Effects of Extraversion and “Running the Gauntlet: Understanding Commercial Gender Composition in Groups,” by Tali Mendelberg & Sexual Exploitation and the Pathways Perspective to Female Christopher F. Karpowitz; “Help or Hindrance? Work-Life Offending,” by Lisa Pasko & Meda Chesney-Lind; “Age- Practices and Women in Management,” by Kateryna Kalysh, Graded Pathways into Crime: Evidence from a Multi-Site Carol T. Kulik, & Sanjeewa Perera; “Reporting Require- Retrospective Study of Incarcerated Women,” by Sally S. ments, Targets, and Quotas for Women in Leadership,” by Simpson, Mariel Alper, Laura Dugan, Julie Horney, Can- Victor E. Sojo, Robert E. Wood, Sally A. Wood, & Melissa dace Kruttschnitt, & Rosemary Gartner; “How ‘Gendered’ Wheeler. Are Gendered Pathways into Prison? A Latent Class Analysis of the Life Experiences of Male and Female Prisoners in the QUALITATIVE SOCIOLOGY v. 39, no. 4 (December Netherlands,” by Katharina J. Joosen, Hanneke Palmen, 2016): Special issue: “Reorienting Gender and Globaliza- Candace Kruttschnitt, Catrien Bijleveld, Anja Dirkzwager, tion.” Issue editors: Manisha Desai & Rachel Rinaldo. & Paul Nieuwbeerta; “The Effects of Age at Prison Release Publisher: Springer. ISSN: 0162-0436 (print), 1573-7837 on Women’s Desistance Trajectories: A Mixed-Method Anal- (online). Available electronically to licensed users through ysis,” by Erin M. Kerrison, Ronet Bachman, & Raymond Springer Link. Paternoster; “Catching Up in Crime? Long-Term Processes Partial contents: “In the Shadow of Working Men: Gen- of Recidivism across Gender,” by Fredrik Sivertsson. dered Labor and Migrant Rights in South Korea,” by Hae Yeon Choo; “‘Empowered Criminals and Global Subjects’: THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY: AN INTERNA- Transnational Norms and Sexual Minorities in India,” by TIONAL JOURNAL OF POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND Chaitanya Lakkimsetti; “Ready Rhetorics: Political Ho- BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE v. 27, no. 3 (June 2016): Special mophobia and Activist Discourses in Malawi, Nigeria, and issue: “Gender and Leadership.” Issue editors: Alice H. Eagly Uganda,” by Tara McKay & Nicole Angotti; “Pharmaceu- & Madeline E. Heilman. Publisher: Elsevier. ISSN: 1048- tically-Made Men: Masculinities in Chad’s Emergent Oil 9843. Available electronically to licensed users through Economy,” by Lori Leonard. ScienceDirect. Partial contents: “Applying a Capital Perspective to STUDIES IN FRENCH CINEMA v. 12, no. 3 (2012): Spe- Explain Continued Gender Inequality in the C-Suite,” by cial issue: “Women’s Film-Making in France, 2000–2010.” Terrance W. Fitzsimmons & Victor J. Callan; “Women on Issue editor: Carrie Tarr. Publisher: Taylor & Francis. ISSN: Boards: The Superheroes of Tomorrow?,” by Renée Adams; 1471-5880. Available electronically to licensed users through “Managing to Clear the Air: Stereotype Threat, Women, EBSCOhost. and Leadership,” by Crystal L. Hoyt & Susan E. Murphy; Partial contents: “Crashing the Millionaires’ Club: “A Bed of Thorns: Female Leaders and the Self-Reinforcing Popular Women’s Cinema in Twenty-First Century France,” Cycle of Illegitimacy,” by Andrea Vial, Jaime Napier, & by Tim Palmer; “‘A la place de l’autre ...’: Otherness, Gender Victoria Brescoll; “Leading with Their Hearts? How Gen- and Nation in Two Films by Agnès Jaoui,” by Sarah Leahy; der Stereotypes of Emotion Lead to Biased Evaluations of “The Réalisatrice and the Rom-Com in the 2000s,” by Mary Female Leaders,” by Victoria L. Brescoll; “Race Matters for Harrod; “Réalisa(c)trices Screening the Self: Valeria Bruni Women Leaders: Intersectional Effects on Agentic Deficien- Tedeschi and Maïwenn,” by Isabelle Vanderschelden; “En- cies and Penalties,” by Ashleigh Shelby Rosette, Christy coding Loss: Corporeality and (Im)Materiality in the Age Zhou Koval, Anyi Ma, & Robert Livingston; “Getting on of the Digital,” by Martine Beugnet; “Precarious Lives: On Top of the Glass Cliff: Reviewing a Decade of Evidence, Girls in Mia Hansen-Løve and Others,” by Emma Wilson; Explanations, and Impact,” by Michelle K. Ryan, S. Alexan- “Filmography: Films Directed or Co-directed by Women, der Haslam, Thekla Morgenroth, Floor Rink, Janka Stoker, 2000–2010,” by Carrie Tarr.

Page 26 Feminist Collections (v. 38, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2017) Books Recently Received

Some publishers routinely send us new books or other materials LGBTQ YOUNG ADULT FICTION: A CRITICAL SURVEY, to consider for review in Feminist Collections (FC). We list 1970S−2010S. Town, Caren J. McFarland, 2017. all such titles here, and those that meet the inclusion criteria LIBERATION IN PRINT: FEMINIST PERIODICALS AND for our bibliographic periodical, New Books on Women, SOCIAL MOVEMENT IDENTITY. Beins, Agatha. Univer- Gender, & Feminism (NB), are indexed in that publica- sity of Georgia Press, 2017. A LIFE IN CODE: PIONEER CRYPTANALYST ELIZEBETH tion as well. Not all titles received in the office are reviewed or SMITH FRIEDMAN. Smith, G. Stuart. McFarland, 2017. indexed; nor is receipt of a complimentary copy necessary for LISTENING TO WOMEN ON THE RIGHT: COMMUNICA- that title to be reviewed in FC or indexed in NB. Those books TION STRATEGIES OF TODAY’S FEMALE REPUBLI- we receive that are not selected for review are added to the CAN POLITICIANS. Friedman, Rachel, McNabb, Nichelle University of Wisconsin’s library collections or donated to other D., and McCauliff, Kristen L. McFarland, 2017. worthy recipients. LOTTE REINIGER: PIONEER OF FILM ANIMATION. Grace, Whitney. McFarland, 2017. BEFORE SALEM: WITCH HUNTING IN THE CONNECTI- NO SHORTCUT TO CHANGE: AN UNLIKELY PATH TO CUT RIVER VALLEY, 1647–1663. Ross, Richard S., III. A MORE GENDER-EQUITABLE WORLD. Ellerby, Kara. McFarland, 2017. New York University Press, 2017. THE BIOPOLITICS OF GENDER. Repo, Jemima. Oxford ROMANCE FICTION AND AMERICAN CULTURE: LOVE University Press, 2016. AS THE PRACTICE OF FREEDOM? Gleason, William A., CHALLENGING PERSPECTIVES ON STREET-BASED SEX and Selinger, Eric Murphy, eds. Routledge/Taylor and Francis, WORK. Hail-Jares, Katie, Shdaimah, Corey S., and Leon, 2016. Chrysanthi S., eds. Temple University Press, 2017. A ROMANI WOMEN’S ANTHOLOGY: SPECTRUM OF DOMESTIC WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE!: A THE BLUE WATER. Tahirović-Sijerčić, Hedina, and Levine- GLOBAL MOVEMENT FOR DIGNITY AND HUMAN Rasky, Cynthia, eds. Inanna, 2017. RIGHTS. Fish, Jennifer N. New York University Press, 2017. SEX AND SECULARISM. Scott, Joan Wallach. Princeton Uni- THE ELUSIVE AUTEUR: THE QUESTION OF FILM AU- versity Press, 2018. THORSHIP THROUGHOUT THE AGE OF CINEMA. SOVEREIGN WOMEN IN A MUSLIM KINGDOM: THE Hodsdon, Barrett. McFarland, 2017. SULTANAHS OF ACEH, 1641−1699. Khan, Sher Banu A. AN ENGLISH GOVERNESS IN THE GREAT WAR: THE L. Southeast Asia Program Publications/Cornell University SECRET BRUSSELS DIARY OF MARY THORP. Thorp, Press, 2017. Mary. De Schaepdrijver, Sophie, and Proctor, Tammy M., eds. SURROGACY: A HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION. Klein, Oxford University Press, 2017. Renate. Spinifex Press, 2017. FEMINIST SUBVERSION AND COMPLICITY: GOVERN- VEXED WITH DEVILS: MANHOOD AND WITCHCRAFT MENTALITIES AND GENDER KNOWLEDGE IN IN OLD AND NEW ENGLAND. Gasser, Erika. New York SOUTH ASIA. Mukhopadhyay, Maitrayee, ed. Zubaan, University Press, 2017. 2016. VIBRATOR NATION: HOW FEMINIST SEX-TOY STORES FIFTY SHADES AND POPULAR CULTURE. Kiuchi, Yuya. CHANGED THE BUSINESS OF PLEASURE. Comella, McFarland, 2017. Lynn. Duke University Press, 2017. GARDASIL: FAST-TRACKED AND FLAWED. Lobato, Helen. WHY I AM NOT A FEMINIST: A FEMINIST MANIFESTO. Spinifex, 2017. Crispin, Jessa. Melville House, 2017. GENDER AND ROCK. Kearney, Mary Celeste. Oxford Univer- WITCHES AND PAGANS: WOMEN IN EUROPEAN FOLK sity Press, 2017. RELIGION, 700–1100. Dashu, Max. Veleda Press, 2016. HOW WE GET FREE: BLACK FEMINISM AND THE COM- THE WOMEN WHO GOT AMERICA TALKING: EARLY BAHEE RIVER COLLECTIVE. Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta, TELEPHONE OPERATORS, 1878–1922. Segrave, Kerry. ed. Haymarket Books, 2017. McFarland, 2017. HUNGER: A MEMOIR OF (MY) BODY. Gay, Roxane. Harper/ WRITING MENOPAUSE: AN ANTHOLOGY OF FICTION, HarperCollins, 2017. POETRY, AND CREATIVE NONFICTION. Cawthorne, KILLING OFF THE LESBIANS: A SYMBOLIC ANNIHILA- Jane, and Morin, E. D., eds. Inanna, 2017. TION ON FILM AND TELEVISION. Millward, Liz, Dodd, Janice G., and Fubara-Manuel, Irene. McFarland, 2017.

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