DOCSLIB.ORG

Drought Characteristics and Management in Central Asia and Turkey Drought Characteristics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Drought Characteristics and Management in Central Asia and Turkey Drought Characteristics 44 44 44 Drought characteristics and management in Central Asia and Turkey Drought characteristics Drought is a normal phenomenon of Central Asia and Turkey's climates. It results in impacts which can be drastic for societies and management in and national economies. The prospects are high that climate change will gradually make future drought episodes more frequent, more intense, of longer duration and having larger Central Asia and Turkey spatial extents. However, the much needed change to build Drought characteristics and management in Central Asia Turkey Drought greater societal resilience to drought - as the most appropriate way to address these impacts - through the adoption of proactive drought management policies, is still in infancy in the region. This report reviews drought and the way it is managed in Central Asia and Turkey. We hope that it will trigger the much needed shift in the way drought is perceived and managed, with the uptake of proactive drought management approach. FAO and partners have provided capacity development on this approach for the region. They have also made available appropriate guidelines describing the approach and explaining the process for its adoption; and they further remain disposed to support countries in developing and implementing such plans. ISBN 978-92-5-109604-8 ISSN 1020-1203 9 789251 096048 I6738EN/1/01.17 43 Water accounting and auditing: A sourcebook (E) 44 Drought characteristics and management in Central Asia and Turkey (E) Cover photograph: © H. Null FAO WATER Drought characteristics REPORTS and management in 44 Central Asia and Turkey Land and Water Division, FAO, Rome and FAO Sub-regional Office for Central Asia, Ankara, Turkey FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2017 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109604-8 © FAO, 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii Contents Foreword vii Preface ix Acknowledgements x Executive summary xi List of abbreviations xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Types of drought 2 1.2 Drought and climate change 3 1.3 Drought risk management 3 1.4 Structure of report 4 2 The region 6 2.1 Kazakhstan 6 2.2 Kyrgyzstan 6 2.3 Tajikistan 6 2.4 Turkmenistan 6 2.5 Uzbekistan 7 2.6 Turkey 8 3 Drought characteristics 9 3.1 Overview 9 3.2 Rainfall trends 10 3.3 Drought characteristics 11 3.3.1 Kazakhstan 11 3.3.2 Kyrgyzstan 13 3.3.3 Tajikistan 13 3.3.4 Turkmenistan 14 3.3.5 Uzbekistan 14 3.3.6 Turkey 15 3.4 Climate change 16 iv 4 Drought vulnerability 18 4.1 Overview 18 4.1.1 Kazakhstan 20 4.1.2 Kyrgyzstan 21 4.1.3 Tajikistan 22 4.1.4 Turkmenistan 24 4.1.5 Uzbekistan 25 4.1.6 Turkey 26 5 Drought impacts 28 5.1 Overview 28 5.2 Drought impacts and institutions 28 5.3 Mitigating drought impacts 29 5.4 Information and coordination 30 5.4.1 Making drought visible to policy-makers 31 5.5 Country details 31 5.5.1 Kazakhstan 32 5.5.2 Kyrgyzstan 33 5.5.3 Tajikistan 35 5.5.4 Turkmenistan 35 5.5.5 Uzbekistan 36 5.5.6 Turkey 37 6 Drought policies and institutions 39 6.1 Overview 39 6.2 Typology of macro policy water management choices 39 6.2.1 Sustainability as a policy factor 39 6.2.2 Tools for policy and behavioural change 40 6.2.3 Trade options to rationalise spatial water endowments 41 6.2.4 Supporting services 41 6.2.5 Overview of country policies relevant to DRM 41 6.3 Country details 41 6.3.1 Kazakhstan 41 6.3.2 Kyrgyzstan 42 v 6.3.3 Tajikistan 43 6.3.4 Turkmenistan 45 6.3.5 Uzbekistan 47 6.3.6 Turkey 49 7 Drought practices 52 7.1 Overview 52 7.1.1 Institutionalising good practices 52 7.1.2 Linking DRM practices, planning, and policy 53 7.2 Country details 53 7.2.1 Kazakhstan 53 7.2.2 Kyrgyzstan 55 7.2.3 Tajikistan 57 7.2.4 Turkmenistan 60 7.2.5 Uzbekistan 63 7.2.6 Turkey 65 8 Challenges and ways forward 72 8.1 Overview 72 8.1.1 Kazakhstan 72 8.1.2 Kyrgyzstan 73 8.1.3 Tajikistan 74 8.1.4 Turkmenistan 74 8.1.5 Uzbekistan 75 8.1.6 Turkey 75 9 Recommendations 78 9.1 Kazakhstan 78 9.2 Kyrgyzstan 79 9.3 Tajikistan 79 9.4 Turkmenistan 80 9.5 Uzbekistan 80 9.6 Turkey 81 10 References 82 vii Foreword Drought is a normal phenomenon of all climates, with varying characteristics between regions. It materializes in a reduction of precipitation from the long-term average, that extends over a given space scale for a specific period of time and results in impacts. Over the past decades, drought episodes have become more widespread and prolonged in many parts of the world, with increased socio-economic and environmental impacts. More than 80 percent of the damages and losses caused by droughts are to the agriculture sector, affecting livestock and crop production and having severe consequences for food supplies and livelihoods, especially for smallholders and the poorest members of rural societies. Drought is a slow-onset disaster – consecutive seasons of crop failure or livestock losses caused by extended dry spells and poor rains erode coping capacities and undermine livelihoods. However, the traditional response to droughts is short-term provision of humanitarian assistance in the form of food, livestock feed, cash, health and nutrition support, among others. While humanitarian assistance is critical to ensure lives are saved in the immediate term, a paradigm shift is needed to tackle the root causes of vulnerabilities and reduce disaster risks, focusing on building the resilience of their livelihoods to ensure they can cope with extreme climate events, such as droughts in the long term. With this concern in mind, the High-level Meeting on National Drought Management Policy (HMNDP), convened by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), took place in Geneva, in March 2013, gathering over 430 participants from more than 90 countries, including ministers and senior officials, dignitaries, heads of a number of organizations and agencies, scientists and country delegates. The purpose of the meeting was to initiate a dialogue on the need for such a fundamental shift in the way droughts are perceived and managed and to encourage governments to develop and implement national drought management policies consistent with their development objectives. The Meeting issued a declaration that, among other provisions, urged WMO, FAO and UNCCD Secretariat as well as other concerned parties, to assist governments, especially the developing countries, in the development of National Drought Management Policies and their implementation. The concern about drought impacts is fully embedded into FAO’s Strategic Framework which drives the organization’s activities. Increasing societal resilience to disasters, especially drought which drastically affects rural livelihoods, is one of the five Strategic Objectives constituting FAO priorities, Within the framework of its Strategic Objective to increase the resilience of livelihoods from disasters, FAO joined hands with the Robert B. Daugherty Water for Food Institute of the University of Lincoln-Nebraska, for launching a study on drought characterization and management in drought prone regions of the world. Getting a close picture of both drought characteristics and the way it is managed in different regions is essential for steering the shift from emergency response to more pro-active policy and long-term planning.and for assessing gaps and elaborating the right support to countries to achieve viii this shift. This reflects the UN’s New Way of Working which enables humanitarian and development actors to support affected people through collective outcomes which reduce risk, need and vulnerability, and contribute to sustainable development. The other goal of the studies is to provide background information, first for designing drought risk management planning guidelines that are tailored for the specific characteristic and needs for each region, and second for the preparation of national and regional projects aimed at implanting pro-active drought management plans.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Simulation of the Potential Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Streamflow in the Vakhsh River Basin in Central Asia Under CMIP5 RCP Scenarios
    water Article Simulation of the Potential Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Streamflow in the Vakhsh River Basin in Central Asia under CMIP5 RCP Scenarios Aminjon Gulakhmadov 1,2,3,4 , Xi Chen 1,2,*, Nekruz Gulahmadov 1,3,5, Tie Liu 1 , Muhammad Naveed Anjum 6 and Muhammad Rizwan 5,7 1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (N.G.); [email protected] (T.L.) 2 Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China 3 Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734042, Tajikistan 4 Ministry of Energy and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734064, Tajikistan 5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; [email protected] 6 Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; [email protected] 7 Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-0992-3012 Received: 1 April 2020; Accepted: 15 May 2020; Published: 17 May 2020 Abstract: Millions of people in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan are dependent on the freshwater supply of the Vakhsh River system. Sustainable management of the water resources of the Vakhsh River Basin (VRB) requires comprehensive assessment regarding future climate change and its implications for streamflow.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Research Division Country Profile: Tajikistan, January 2007
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Tajikistan, January 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: TAJIKISTAN January 2007 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Tajikistan (Jumhurii Tojikiston). Short Form: Tajikistan. Term for Citizen(s): Tajikistani(s). Capital: Dushanbe. Other Major Cities: Istravshan, Khujand, Kulob, and Qurghonteppa. Independence: The official date of independence is September 9, 1991, the date on which Tajikistan withdrew from the Soviet Union. Public Holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), International Women’s Day (March 8), Navruz (Persian New Year, March 20, 21, or 22), International Labor Day (May 1), Victory Day (May 9), Independence Day (September 9), Constitution Day (November 6), and National Reconciliation Day (November 9). Flag: The flag features three horizontal stripes: a wide middle white stripe with narrower red (top) and green stripes. Centered in the white stripe is a golden crown topped by seven gold, five-pointed stars. The red is taken from the flag of the Soviet Union; the green represents agriculture and the white, cotton. The crown and stars represent the Click to Enlarge Image country’s sovereignty and the friendship of nationalities. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early History: Iranian peoples such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians are the ethnic forbears of the modern Tajiks. They have inhabited parts of Central Asia for at least 2,500 years, assimilating with Turkic and Mongol groups. Between the sixth and fourth centuries B.C., present-day Tajikistan was part of the Persian Achaemenian Empire, which was conquered by Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C. After that conquest, Tajikistan was part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state to Alexander’s empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Phase 2 Republic of Tajikistan
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Phase 2 Republic of Tajikistan May 2020 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Nurek HPP Rehabilitation Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of the ESIA ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Organization of the ESIA ....................................................................................................... 3 2 Project description .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Description of Nurek HPP ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 The Project ............................................................................................................................ 7 Dam Safety ............................................................................................................... 9 Details of work to be performed ............................................................................. 9 Refurbishment
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Situation on Inclusive Education for People with Disabilities in the Republic of Tajikistan Report on the Results of the Baseline Research
    Public Organization - League of women with disabilities «Ishtirok» April - July 2018 Analysis of the situation on inclusive education for people with disabilities in the Republic of Tajikistan Report on the results of the baseline research 1 EXPRESSION OF APPRECIATION A basic study on the inclusive education of people with disabilities in the Republic of Tajikistan (RT) conducted by the Public Organization Disabled Women's League “Ishtirok”. This study was conducted under financial support from ASIA SOUTH PACIFIC ASSOCIATION FOR BASIC AND ADULT EDUCATION (ASPBAE) The research team expresses special thanks to the Executive Office of the President of the RT for assistance in collecting data at the national, regional, and district levels. In addition, we express our gratitude for the timely provision of data to the Centre for adult education of Tajikistan of the Ministry of labor, migration, and employment of population of RT, the Ministry of education and science of RT. We express our deep gratitude to all public organizations, departments of social protection and education in the cities of Dushanbe, Bokhtar, Khujand, Konibodom, and Vahdat. Moreover, we are grateful to all parents of children with disabilities, secondary school teachers, teachers of primary and secondary vocational education, who have made a significant contribution to the collection of high-quality data on the development of the situation of inclusive education for persons with disabilities in the country. Research team: Saida Inoyatova – coordinator, director, Public Organization - League of women with disabilities «Ishtirok»; Salomat Asoeva – Assistant Coordinator, Public Organization - League of women with disabilities «Ishtirok»; Larisa Alexandrova – lawyer, director of the Public Foundation “Your Choice”; Margarita Khegay – socio-economist, candidate of economic sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on TRANSBOUNDARY CONSERVATION HOTSPOTS for the CENTRAL ASIAN MAMMALS INITIATIVE (Prepared by the Secretariat)
    CONVENTION ON UNEP/CMS/COP13/Inf.27 MIGRATORY 8 January 2020 SPECIES Original: English 13th MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES Gandhinagar, India, 17 - 22 February 2020 Agenda Item 26.3 REPORT ON TRANSBOUNDARY CONSERVATION HOTSPOTS FOR THE CENTRAL ASIAN MAMMALS INITIATIVE (Prepared by the Secretariat) Summary: This report was developed with funding from the Government of Switzerland within the frame of the Central Asian Mammals Initiative (CAMI) (Doc. 26.3.5) to identify transboundary conservation hotspots and develop recommendations for their conservation. The report builds on existing projects, in particular, the CAMI Linear Infrastructure and Migration Atlas (see Inf.Doc.19) and focusses on the same species and geographical area. The study was discussed during the CAMI Range State Meeting held from 25-28 September 2019 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia where participants reviewed the pre-identified areas. Their comments are incorporated in this report. Participants also provided new information about important transboundary sites from Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan and recommended to send the report for final review to Range States and experts. It was also recommended that the final report covers all CAMI species as adopted at COP13. This report is therefore a final draft with the last step to expand the geographical and species scope and finalize the report to be undertaken after COP13. Mapping Transboundary Conservation Hotspots for the Central Asian Mammals Initiative Photo credit: Viktor Lukarevsky Report – Draft 5 incorporating comments made during the CAMI Range States Meeting on 25-28 September 2019 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The report does not yet consider the Urial, Persian leopard and Gobi bear as CAMI species pending decision at the CMS COP13, as well as the proposed expansion of the geographic and species scope to include the entire CAMI region in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region
    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
    [Show full text]
  • Sino-Indian Competition for the Resources of Central Asia; Implications for Pakistan
    SINO-INDIAN COMPETITION FOR THE RESOURCES OF CENTRAL ASIA; IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN Quaid Ali Department of Political Science Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan 2019 SINO-INDIAN COMPETITION FOR THE RESOURCES OF CENTRAL ASIA; IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN Quaid Ali Roll No.34882 A thesis submitted to Hazara University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE HAZARA UNIVERSITY MANSEHRA, PAKISTAN 2019 SINO-INDIAN COMPETITION FOR THE RESOURCES OF CENTRAL ASIA; IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN BY QUAID ALI SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE Research Supervisor: Dr. Muhammad Ayaz Khan Department of Political Science Co-supervisor: Dr. Abdur Rehman Department of Political Science DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE HAZARA UNIVERSITY MANSEHRA, PAKISTAN 2019 Declaration of the Supervisor It is hereby certified that the thesis entitled, “Sino-Indian Competition for the Resources of Central Asia; Implications for Pakistan” the original work of Mr. Quaid Ali and has not been presented and submitted previously for PhD. Quaid Ali has done this research work under my supervision. He has fulfilled all the requirements and is qualified to submit the thesis for the degree of PhD in Political Science. Dr. Muhammad Ayaz Khan Author‘s Declaration I Quaid Ali hereby state that my PhD thesis entitled, “Sino-Indian Competition for the Resources of Central Asia; Implications for Pakistan” is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me for taking my degree from this University, Hazara University Mansehra or anywhere else in the county/world. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my graduate the University has the right to with draw my PhD degree.
    [Show full text]
  • PIMS 5438 Prodoc ENG
    Brief Description Uzbekistan is home to the western-most outliers of the western Tian Shan (Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam and Kuramin ranges) and Pamir-Alai (Gissar, Turkestan and Zeravshan ranges) mountain systems. These mountains are home to the endangered snow leopard, and provide important habitat for its key prey species The key drivers of environmental degradation of these mountain ecosystems include: (i) unsustainable, and poorly regulated, levels of livestock grazing in the montane forests, steppes and sub-alpine meadows; (ii) high levels of dependency of rural communities on fuelwood from montane forests for heating and cooking; and (iii) extensive poaching of wildlife, along with increasing incidences of retaliatory killing of natural predators. Underlying these pressures are social and economic issues including an increasing demand for agricultural and timber products, insecure land tenure, and low levels of capacities to conserve mountainous ecosystems. The project objective is ‘To enhance the conservation, and sustainable use, of natural resources in the biodiverse high altitude mountain ecosystems of Uzbekistan’. The project will be spatially contained to the snow leopard distribution range in Uzbekistan. The snow leopard distribution range comprises 3 discrete ‘snow leopard landscapes’, the Ugam-Chatkal snow leopard landscape in the western Tien Shan; and the Gissar and Zaamin snow leopard landscapes in the Pamir-Alai. Most of the project outputs and activities will be focused in two of these ‘snow leopard landscapes’: (i) the Ugam-Chatkal snow leopard landscape, located on the western spurs of the Chatkal, Pskem and Ugam Ranges in the Western Tien Shan; and (ii) the Gissar snow leopard landscape on the western slopes of the Gissar ridge in the Pamir Alai.
    [Show full text]
  • I. the Rogun Dam in Context
    HUMAN RIGHTS “We Suffered When We Came Here” Rights Violations Linked to Resettlements for Tajikistan’s Rogun Dam WATCH “We Suffered When We Came Here” Rights Violations Linked to Resettlements for Tajikistan’s Rogun Dam Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1470 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2014 978-1-62313-1470 “We Suffered When We Came Here” Rights Violations Linked to Resettlements for Tajikistan’s Rogun Dam Summary and Key Recommendations .............................................................................. 1 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 17 I. The Rogun Dam in Context ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan the Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
    The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 28 Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy Igor S. Zonn Andrey G. Kostianoy Editors The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Founded by Otto Hutzinger Editors-in-Chief: Damia` Barcelo´ l Andrey G. Kostianoy Volume 28 Advisory Board: Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu, Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton, Donald L. Sparks The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Recently Published and Forthcoming Volumes The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Water Resources in Turkmenistan Rivers: Bringing Science into River Volume Editors: I.S. Zonn Management Plans and A.G. Kostianoy Volume Editors: H. Guasch, A. Ginebreda, Vol. 28, 2014 and A. Geiszinger Vol. 19, 2012 Oil Pollution in the Baltic Sea Global Risk-Based Management of Volume Editors: A.G. Kostianoy Chemical Additives I: Production, and O.Yu. Lavrova Usage and Environmental Occurrence Vol. 27, 2014 Volume Editors: B. Bilitewski, R.M. Darbra, and D. Barcelo´ Urban Air Quality in Europe Vol. 18, 2012 Volume Editor: M. Viana Vol. 26, 2013 Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products Climate Change and Water Resources Volume Editors: T.P. Knepper Volume Editors: T. Younos and C.A. Grady and F.T. Lange Vol. 25, 2013 Vol. 17, 2012 Emerging Organic Contaminants in Brominated Flame Retardants Sludges: Analysis, Fate and Biological Volume Editors: E. Eljarrat and D. Barcelo´ Treatment Vol. 16, 2011 Volume Editors: T. Vicent, G. Caminal, E. Eljarrat, and D. Barcelo´ Effect-Directed Analysis of Complex Vol. 24, 2013 Environmental Contamination Volume Editor: W.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring & Early Warning in Tajikistan
    Tajikistan Monitoring & Early Warning Monthly Report Monitoring & Early Warning in Tajikistan MONTHLY REPORT APRIL 2012 1 Tajikistan Monitoring & Early Warning Report – April 2012 GENERAL TRENDS NATURAL HAZARDS During April, avalanches, mudflows and floods can be expected. Floods can be triggered by rain on snow and mudflows triggered by locally heavy precipitation or rapid snow melt. WEATHER Average precipitation but above average temperatures are forecasted for April for most of Tajikistan. ENERGY SECURITY Increased flows into the Nurek Cascade have resulted in the lifting of restrictions on electricity. Reports indicate that an agreement has been reached with Uzbekistan on the supply of natural gas, and deliveries restarted on 16 April. FOOD SECURITY Wheat flour prices in Khujand continue to drop while prices in Kurgan-Tube and Dushanbe remain stable, possible reflecting rail delivery delays (Kurgan-Tube) and limited roads access to the north due to heavy snow and avalanches (Dushanbe). Fuel prices have dropped slightly. The Ministry of Agriculture reports damage to crops and livestock due to severe weather in the fall of 2011/winter 2011-2012, as well as a delay in spring planting. MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES Reported migration rates for the first three months of 2012 are significantly above 2011 levels. Reported remittances are 25% above 2011 in March. These increases may indicate a reaction to shocks during the fall 2011 and winter 2011-2012. ECONOMY GDP increased from January to February by 6.9% and totaled 3,334.5 million Tajik Somoni (701 million USD). In January - February 2012, the foreign trade turnover equaled 827.1 million USD, with a negative trade balance of 415.3 million USD.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Degradation, Migration, Internal Displacement, and Rural Vulnerabilities in Tajikistan
    Environmental Degradation, Migration, Internal Displacement, and Rural Vulnerabilities in Tajikistan May 2012 This study was conducted with financial support from the International Organization for Migration Development Fund. In its activities, IOM believes that a humane and orderly migration responds to the interests of migrants and society, as a whole. As a leading intergovernmental organization IOM is working with its partners in the international community, guided by the following objectives: to promote the solution of urgent migration problems, improve understanding of the problems in the area of migration; encourage social and economic development through migration; assert the dignity and well-being of migrants. Publisher: International Organization for Migration (IOM) Mission in the Republic of Tajikistan Dushanbe, 734013 22-A Vtoroy Proezd, Azizbekov Street Telephone: +992 (37) 221-03-02 Fax: +992 (37) 251-00-62 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.iom.tj © 2012 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any way - through electronic and mechanical means, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. The opinions expressed in this report represent those of individual authors and unless clearly labeled as such do not rep- resent the opinions of the International Organization for Migration. Environmental Degradation, Migration, Internal Displacement, and Rural Vulnerabilities in Tajikistan May 2012 Saodat Olimova Muzaffar Olimov ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors of this report express their deepest gratitude to Zeynal Hajiyev, Chief of IOM Mission in Tajikistan and the employees of the IOM country office, especially Moyonsho Mahmadbekov, Patrik Shirak and Zohir Navjavonov for their invaluable advice on improving the structure and content of this report.
    [Show full text]