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Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydział Zarządzania “Anatolian Tigers

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Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydział Zarządzania “Anatolian Tigers Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydział Zarządzania Mehmet Ali ÖZÇOBANLAR “Anatolian Tigers” Phenomenon. The Cross Cultural Capital Diversification of the Globally Successful Companies A thesis Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Warszawa, 2017 2 ABSTRACT In this research, the phenomenon of “Anatolian Tigers” which were arisen as a nationwide and even worldwide economic phenomenon in last decades in Turkey was examined in perception of cultural capital. Although, there is no one certain definition of Anatolian Tigers, they are a group of hidebound Anatolian cities which have remarkable economic growth in Anatolian Peninsula since 1980s. The term Anatolian Tigers also define a new breed of pious entrepreneurs. Anatolian Tigers in the region are an essential dimension of growth and development in Turkey. The companies are mainly family entrepreneurships, started up some decades ago as SME sector’s business rooted in traditional and rural environment by religiously spiritual conservative businessmen. This research develops a comparison of Anatolian Tigers business environment both on regional and national level. The initial rhetoric analysis of this research which consist the analysed interviews with the company owners and web pages’ analyses allows us to understand the way of globally successful Turkish companies’ approach for persuading audience by using the 3 structure of persuasion which are logos, pathos and ethos. One of the latest examples of the rhetorical approach, uses this perspective for the research and understanding of cross-cultural differences. The cross cultural dimensions between two ancients and similar societies, Greece and Turkey have been examined and compared on national level. In addition, West and Anatolia were also compared based on selected cross cultural dimensions of cultural capital. Cross cultural dimensions were evaluated in 11 factors: Education, Political Trust, Voluntary Work, Political Participation, Life Satisfaction Component, and Trust in People, Fear of Others, Life Satisfaction, Happiness, Income and Deprivation Index. The cross cultural factors of cultural capital identified in Turkey and Greece by applying factor analysis in quantitative research and testing the functioning of these factors by implementing the rhetoric analysis in qualitative research based on interviews with selected organizations. iii In rhetorical analysis, the analysed interviews with the company owners and web pages’ analyses emphasize that usage of logos is predominating which makes the audience to be persuaded by rational and evidential arguments. Ethos approach has also a high number of usage in both analysed texts and web pages. Where the company owners touch the ethical and morality importance during their speech and explanations on company web page. According to results of the research on national level, all 11 factors of cross cultural dimensions were statistically significant between two countries (p<0, 05). Education levels were higher in Greece. Turkish people trust more political institutions. Greek people were less volunteering for community and social services. Political participation was higher in Turkish participants. Greek participants were more satisfied from education, accommodation, health and social life. Greek participants had less trust to other people. Life satisfaction level was higher in Turkish participants. Happiness levels of Greek participants were also lower. Income levels of Greek participants were lower, where deprivation index was higher in Turkish participants. Key Words: Anatolian Tigers; Cross Culture; Cultural Capital; Culture; Greece; Turkey; Dimension. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... iii CHAPTER I .....................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................7 1.1. Background of the problem ............................................................................................ 7 1.2 Rationale and Statement of the Problem .......................................................................... 8 1.3. The Purpose of the Research........................................................................................... 8 1.4 Importance of the study ................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Definition of Terms.......................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER II .................................................................................................................10 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................10 2.1. CULTURE CONCEPT ................................................................................................. 10 2.1.1. General Definition ......................................................................................... 10 2.1.2. Types of Culture ............................................................................................ 10 2.1.2.1. Work Culture .................................................................................................. 10 2.1.2.2. Social Culture-Economic Classes ................................................................... 10 2.1.2.3. Religion Culture .............................................................................................. 10 2.1.2.3.1. Islamic Culture ......................................................................................... 11 2.1.2.3.2. Orthodox Culture ..................................................................................... 11 2.2. TURKISH CULTURE .................................................................................................. 11 2.2.1. General Properties ......................................................................................... 12 2.2.2. Trends and Changes ...................................................................................... 12 2.3. GREEK CULTURE ...................................................................................................... 12 2.3.1. General Properties ......................................................................................... 12 2.3.2. Trends and Changes ...................................................................................... 12 2.4. CROSS CULTURE CONCEPT ................................................................................... 13 2.4.1. General Definition ......................................................................................... 13 2.4.2. Cross Culture in Greece and Turkey ............................................................. 13 2.5. ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................................... 13 2.5.1. Turkey ........................................................................................................... 14 2.5.2. Greece ........................................................................................................... 14 2.6. CAPITAL CONCEPT .................................................................................................. 14 2.6.1. Economic Capital .......................................................................................... 14 2.6.2. Social Capital ................................................................................................ 15 2.6.3. Symbolic Capital ........................................................................................... 15 2.6.4. Cultural Capital ............................................................................................. 15 2.7. RELATED RESEARCHES .......................................................................................... 16 5 CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................17 3.1. Anatolian Tigers............................................................................................................ 17 3.2. Anatolian Tiger’s evolution .......................................................................................... 17 3.3. Rising of Anatolian Tigers ............................................................................................ 18 3.5. Anatolian Tigers in Commerce ..................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER IV ................................................................................................................20 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................20 4.1. Research Method .......................................................................................................... 20 4.2. Research Design............................................................................................................ 21 4.3. Quality of Research....................................................................................................... 21 4.4. Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 21 4.5. Assumptions of the Research ........................................................................................ 22 4.6.
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