Crescat Scientia is an annual publication of Utah Valley University’s Department of History and Political Science. Issues are available for dis- tribution during the spring semester of each academic year. To obtain subscription information or back copies of the journal, please contact the History Department: Utah Valley University Department of History and Political Science 800 West University Parkway CB 203A Orem, Utah 84058 Phone: (801) 863–8487 Fax: (801) 863–7013 ©2016 Utah Valley University, Department of History and Political Science. All rights revert to the authors upon publication. We invite all current students to submit their work. The journal is pub- lished in the spring, but submissions are accepted all year round. To be considered for publication, submissions must be thematically related to history and political science. Submissions should be written and for- matted in accordance with Crescat Scientia’s style guide. For formatting or style questions not addressed in the style guide, please see the Chicago Manual of Style. The style guide and submission guidelines may be found at www.uvu.edu/hps/journal. Submissions must be between five (5) and twenty (20) pages in length, including the bibliography. Papers must be submitted electronically to
[email protected] as Microsoft Word documents. All inquiries regarding published works—including citations, sources, and cited material—should be referred the individual authors (see Contributors for contact information). Concept of the cover design Travis Raymond Final design Haley Gibson III Crescast Scientia Journal of History STAFF Editor In Chief Colten Sponseller Managing Editor Jeremy Ruppe Technical Editor Haley Gibson Editors Dallin Vance Sydney Young Tyler Beagley James Julian Faculty Advisor Keith Snedegar VII Dear Reader, For the thirteenth volume of Crescat Scientia, Colten Sponseller and his editorial staff have produced a bold testament to undergraduate schol- arship, bringing together articles on ancient, Renaissance, and modern history.