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THE BRAZIL READER History, Culture, Politics second edition, revised and updated James N. Green, Victoria Langland, and Lilia Moritz Schwarcz, editors T H E BRAZIL READER History, Culture, Politics second edition, revised and updated James N. Green, Victoria Langland, and Lilia Moritz Schwarcz, editors Duke University Press Durham and London 2019 © 2019 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ∞ Typeset in Monotype Dante by BW&A Books, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Green, James Naylor, [date] editor. | Langland, Victoria, editor. | Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz, editor. Title: The Brazil reader : history, culture, politics. Description: Second edition, revised and updated / edited by James N. Green, Victoria Langland, and Lilia Moritz Schwarcz. | Durham : Duke University Press, 2018. | Series: The Latin America Readers | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2018023531 (print) lccn 2018026379 (ebook) isbn 9780822371793 (ebook) isbn 9780822370925 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9780822371076 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Brazil—History. | Brazil—Civilization. | Brazil— Politics and government. Classification: lcc F2521 (ebook) | lcc F2521 .B768 2018 (print) | ddc 981—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018023531 Cover art: Luiz Braga, Casa Miritis. © Luiz Braga. Valerie Millholland In memoriam Editor par excellence Contents Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 I Conquest and Colonial Rule, 1500–1579 7 Letter to King Manuel I of Portugal, Pêro Vaz de Caminha 12 Captaincy Charter Granted to Duarte Coelho, King Dom João III 18 Letter from a Jesuit Friar, Manuel da Nóbrega 21 Impressions of a French Calvinist, Nicolas Barre 25 Indigenous Experiences of Colonization, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro 28 On Cannibals, Michel de Montaigne 32 On the Customs of the Indians of the Land, Pero de Magalhães Gândavo 35 A Description of the Tupinambá, Anonymous 38 History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil, Jean de Léry 41 Portraits: Hans Staden, Victoria Langland 45 II Sugar and Slavery in the Atlantic World, 1580–1694 49 Letter from a Portuguese Trader, Francisco Soares 53 Exploration of the Amazon, Father Cristóbal de Acuña 55 The Inquisition in Brazil, Various authors 59 Excerpts from the Sermon on the Rosary, António Vieira 64 The Sugar Industry, Giovanni Antonio Andreoni 68 The Dutch Siege of Olinda and Recife, Ambrósio Richsoffer 73 An Eyewitness Account of the First Battle of Guararapes, Francisco Barreto de Meneses 76 Two Documents in the War against Palmares, Various authors 79 Bandeirantes, Anonymous 84 Portraits: Count Johan Maurits von Nassau- Seigen, James N. Green 86 III Gold and the New Colonial Order, 1695–1807 91 The Brazilian Gold Rush, Antonio Giovanni Andreoni 97 The Minas Uprising of 1720, Anonymous 100 Expulsion of the Jesuits from Brazil, King Dom José I 104 Portugal, Brazil, and The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith 107 Poems from Baroque Minas, Various authors 110 Tiradentes’s Sentence, Queen Maria I of Portugal 117 The Tailors’ Revolt, Luís Gonzaga das Virgens e Veiga 119 Letter from a Sugar Mill Owner, João Rodrigues de Brito 122 Portraits: Chica da Silva de Oliveira, Victoria Langland 126 IV The Portuguese Royal Family in Rio de Janeiro, 1808–1821 131 The Royal Family’s Journey to Brazil, Thomas O’Neill 136 Letter from a Son in Brazil to His Father in Portugal, Luíz Joaquim dos Santos Marrocos 137 Treaty between Portugal and Great Britain, Various authors 140 Rio de Janeiro’s First Medical School, Count of Aguiar 145 The Influence of the Haitian Revolution in Brazil, Paulo José Vianna 148 Petition for Pedro I to Remain in Brazil, Anonymous 151 Speech Given at the Cortes (National Assembly) of Lisbon, Diogo Antônio Feijó 154 Portraits: Empress Maria Leopoldina of Brazil, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz 158 V From Independence to the Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1822–1850 163 On the Declaration of Brazilian Independence, Padre Belchoir Pinheiro de Oliveira 168 Acclamation of Pedro as Emperor of Brazil, José Martins Rocha 170 On Slavery, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva 173 From the Journal of Maria Graham, Lady Maria Dundas Graham Callcott 176 Portugal Recognizes the Brazilian Empire, Charles Stuart, Luiz José de Carvalho e Mello, and Barão de Santo Amaro 181 The Malê Revolt, João José Reis 184 How to Write the History of Brazil, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius 187 Scenes from the Slave Trade, Various authors 190 Cruelty to Slaves, Thomas Ewbank 193 The Praieira Revolution Manifesto to the World, Antônio Borges da Fonseca 197 Portraits: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz 199 x Contents VI Coffee, the Empire, and Abolition, 1851–1888 205 Memoirs of a Settler in Brazil, Thomas Davatz 211 O Guarani, José de Alencar 214 The U.S. Civil War and Slave Rebellions in Brazil, Francisco Primo de Souza Aguiar 218 The Slave Ship, Antônio Frederico de Castro Alves 219 Victims and Executioners, Joaquim Manuel de Macedo 228 The Republican Manifesto, Members of the Republican Party 233 Law of the Free Womb, José Maria da Silva Paranhos and Princess Isabel 236 Early Brazilian Feminism, Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz 240 Letters to the French Mineralogist Claude- Henri Gorceix, Emperor Dom Pedro II 243 Selections from Abolitionism, Joaquim Nabuco 246 A Critique of José de Alencar’s O Guarani, Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis 250 Abolition Decree, Princess Isabel and Rodrigo Augusto da Silva 253 Portraits: Emperor Dom Pedro II, Lilia Moritz Schwarcz 255 VII Republican Brazil and the Onset of Modernization, 1889–1929 261 Hymn of the Proclamation of the Republic, José Joaquim de Campos da Costa de Medeiros e Albuquerque and Leopoldo Miguez 268 The Human Races, Raimundo Nina Rodrigues 271 Os Sertões or Rebellion in the Backlands, Euclides da Cunha 274 The Owner’s Pastry Shop, Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis 277 Revolt of the Whip, A Revolta da Chibata, João Cândido Felisberto and Bulcão Vianna 282 Three Types of Bureaucrats, Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto 285 On the Mestizo in Brazil, João Batista Lacerda 290 Demands of the São Paulo General Strike of 1917, Proletarian Defense Committee 295 Brazil and World War I, Anonymous 298 The Cannibalist Manifesto (Manifesto Antropófago), Oswald de Andrade 300 Macunaíma, Mário de Andrade 309 Revolutionary Manifestos from the Tenentes Revolts, Various authors 311 An Essay on Brazilian Sadness, Paulo Prado 316 Portraits: Tarsila do Amaral, Victoria Langland 318 Contents xi VIII Getúlio Vargas, the Estado Novo, and World War II, 1930–1945 321 From the Platform of the Liberal Alliance, Liberal Alliance 325 Prestes’s Declaration about the Liberal Alliance, Luís Carlos Prestes 327 The Masters and the Slaves, Gilberto Freyre 330 Speech by the First Woman Elected to Congress in Brazil, Carlota Pereira de Queirós 335 Manifesto of the National Liberating Alliance, Luís Carlos Prestes 340 The Cordial Man, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 344 Vargas and the Estado Novo, Getúlio Vargas 349 Rubber and the Allies’ War Effort, Various authors 353 Portraits: Patrícia Galvão (Pagú), James N. Green 358 IX Democratic Governance and Developmentalism, 1946–1964 363 Telenovelas in Constructing the Country of the Future, Esther Hamburger 369 The Oil Is Ours, Getúlio Vargas 374 An Unrelenting Critic of Vargas, Carlos Lacerda 378 Vargas’s Suicide Letter, Getúlio Vargas 380 The Life of a Factory Worker, Joana de Masi Zero 383 Operation Pan America, Juscelino Kubitschek 387 Excerpts from Child of the Dark, Carolina Maria de Jesus 391 Education as a Practice of Freedom, Paulo Freire 396 Letter of Manumission for the Brazilian Peasant, Francisco Julião 399 Brazil’s New Foreign Policy, Jânio Quadros 402 Development and the Northeast, Celso Furtado 406 President João Goulart’s Speech at Central do Brasil, João Goulart 411 March of the Family with God for Freedom, Anonymous 414 The U.S. Government and the 1964 Coup d’État, Various authors 416 Portraits: Oscar Niemeyer, Victoria Langland 420 X The Generals in Power and the Fight for Democracy, 1964–1985 427 Institutional Act No. 1, Francisco dos Santos Nascimento 435 A U.S. Senator Supports the New Military Government, Senator Wayne Morse 439 The Brazilian Revolution, Caio Prado Júnior 442 The Myth of Racial Democracy, Abdias do Nascimento 445 A Brazilian Congressional Representative Speaks Out, Márcio Moreira Alves 449 Institutional Act No. 5, Luís Antônio da Gama e Silva 451 xii Contents Letter from the Ilha Grande Prison, Various authors 454 The Kidnapping of the U.S. Ambassador, Various authors 457 A Letter to Pope Paul VI, Marcos Penna Sattamini de Arruda 460 Two Presidents at the White House, Various authors 466 National Security and the Araguaian Guerrillas, Ernesto Geisel and Germano Arnoldi Pedrozo 471 What Color Are You?, National Household Sample Study, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics 474 Second- Wave Brazilian Feminism, Editors of Nós Mulheres 479 LGBT Rights and Democracy, Aguinaldo Silva 481 The Movement for Political Amnesty, Various authors 484 Lula’s May Day Speech to Brazilian Workers, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 489 Portraits: Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil, James N. Green 492 XI Redemocratization and the New Global Economy, 1985–Present 497 Forty Seconds of AIDS, Herbert Daniel 506 Affirmative Action in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Celso Lafer 510 A Young Voice from the MST, Cristiane 514 World Social Forum Charter of Principles, Various authors 519 The Bolsa Família Program, Various authors 523 Music, Culture, and Globalization, Gilberto Gil 526 The Inaugural Speech of Brazil’s First Female President, Dilma Rousseff 531 The June Revolts, Marcos Nobre 536 Portraits: Herbert Daniel, James N. Green 541 Suggestions for Further Reading 547 Brazil in the Movies 557 Acknowledgment of Copyrights and Sources 567 Index 577 Contents xiii Acknowledgments The editors of this volume would like to thank Gisela Fosado for her patience as we slowly produced the second edition of The Brazil Reader, as well as the three reviewers who offered many valuable suggestions about how to im- prove its contents.
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    A Cause for Reflection: Imagining Brazil at 100 Years of Independence By Joseph M. Pendergraph Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History August, 2015 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Marshall C. Eakin, Ph.D. Sarah E. Igo, Ph.D. “O Gigante: Vossos irmãoes na pátria nova passam tranquillos com riqueza largos annos… outro sistema de gouverno abraçam, que julgam mais propício para os humanos, porque nesse regimen, ali novo, dizem que manda simplesmente o povo.”1 “For my part I will say that, if my body leaves [Brazil], my heart stays, and that, if one day it should split, on it will be seen the words Brazil and Portugal, so intensely linked, so intimately intertwined, that it shall not be possible to separate one from the other.”2 1 Augusto de Lacerda, As duas patrias: poêma em homenagem a Portugal e Brasil por occasião do centenário da abertura dos portos brasileiros ao commércio do mundo (Porto: Oficinas do Commercio do Porto, 1908), 116 – The passage reads roughly, “The Giant: Your brothers in the new Pátria calmly live long years with richness / embracing another form of government that they believe to be more propitious for mankind / because in this new regime it is said that the people simply govern.” The timing of this quotation is key for understanding the critique. The work was published in 1908 just two years before the overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy. The decadence of the throne in the nineteenth century had led to intellectual criticism in the 1870s and republican revolts and conspiracies in the last years of the century.
  • Celso Furtado As 'Romantic Economist'from Brazil's Sertão

    Celso Furtado As 'Romantic Economist'from Brazil's Sertão

    Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol 39 , nº 4 (157), pp 658-674, October-December/2019 Celso Furtado as ‘Romantic Economist’ from Brazil’s Sertão Celso Furtado como Economista Romântico do Sertão JONAS RAMA* JOHN BATTAILE HALL** RESUMO: Em The Romantic Economist (2009), Richard Bronk lamenta que o pensamento iluminista tenha dominado a economia durante sua formação como ciência. O “Movimen- to Romântico” seria um contraponto, mas foi mantido distante. A economia abraçou a cen- tralidade da racionalidade e preceitos iluministas, tornando-se uma “física-social”. Desde então, as características humanas como sentimento, imaginação e criatividade são evitadas. Embora Bronk não identifique um economista “romântico” de carne e osso, nossa pesquisa busca estabelecer Celso Furtado como um. Profundamente influenciado por sua sensibili- dade e raízes, Furtado fez uso de uma metáfora orgânica – o sertão nordestino – em seu entendimento de complexos processos de desenvolvimento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brasil; Celso Furtado; Richard Bronk; movimento romântico; sertão. ABSTRACT: In The Romantic Economist (2009), Richard Bronk laments that Enlighten- ment thinking dominated Economics during its formation as a science. As counterpoint, the ‘Romantic Movement’ had much to offer but remained peripheral. Consequently Economics embraced the centrality of rationality and other Enlightenment precepts, leading to a ‘social- physics’. Meanwhile human characteristics such; as sentiments, imagination and creativ- ity were eschewed. While Bronk fails to identify an in-the-flesh ‘Romantic Economist’, our inquiry seeks to establish that indeed Celso Furtado qualifies. Profoundly influenced by his sensitivities and attachment to place, Furtado relies upon an organic metaphor – o sertão nordestino – for insights into complex developmental processes. KEYWORDS: Brazil; Celso Furtado; Richard Bronk; romantic movement; sertão.