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ON a CHINESE SCREEN Media, Power, and Voice in China Made in China Is a Quarterly on Chinese Labour, Civil Society, and Rights

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ON a CHINESE SCREEN Media, Power, and Voice in China Made in China Is a Quarterly on Chinese Labour, Civil Society, and Rights VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3, JUL–SEPT 2018 ON A CHINESE SCREEN Media, Power, and Voice in China Made in China is a quarterly on Chinese labour, civil society, and rights. This project has been produced with the financial assistance of the Australian Centre on China in the World (CIW), the Australian National University; the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 654852; and the Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University. The views expressed are those of the individual authors and do not represent the views of the European Union, CIW, Lund University, or the institutions to which the authors are affiliated. It struck him that the truly characteristic thing about modern life was not its cruelty and insecurity, but simply its bareness, its dinginess, its listlessness. Life, If you looked about you, bore no resemblance not only to the lies that streamed out of the telescreens, but even to the ideals that the Party was trying to achieve. Great areas of it, even for a Party member, were neutral and non-political, a matter of slogging through dreary jobs, fighting for a place on the Tube, darning a worn- out sock, cadging a saccharine tablet, saving a cigarette end. George Orwell, 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL (P. 6) BRIEFS (P. 7) OP-EDS (P. 11) THE JASIC STRIKE AND THE FUTURE OF THE CHINESE LABOUR MOVEMENT (P. 12) Zhang Yueran IS HU ANGANG REALLY AN ULTRA- VOLUME 3, ISSUE #3 NATIONALIST? (P. 18) JUL–SEPT 2018 Jane Hayward ISSN 2206-9119 REMEMBERING LIU XIAOBO ONE YEAR ON CHIEF EDITORS (P. 22) Ivan Franceschini, Nicholas Loubere Jean-Philippe Béja EDITORIAL BOARD BLANDNESS, BATHOS, OR BRASHNESS? Kevin Lin, Elisa Nesossi, Andrea Enrico Pia, (P. 26) Christian Sorace William Hurst ISSUE CONTRIBUTORS David Bandurski, Jean-Philippe Béja, Julie CHINA COLUMNS (P. 30) Yujie Chen, Jane Hayward, William Hurst, OUTSOURCING COERCION AND SOCIAL Hyejin Kim, Sabina Lawreniuk, Anna Lora- CONTROL (P. 32) Wainwright, Lynette H. Ong, Suzanne Lynette H. Ong Scoggins, Wanning Sun, Marina Svensson, Wang Lixiong, Zeng Jinyan, Zhang Shuchi, MY RIGHTS HAVE BEEN LEFT BEHIND IN Zhang Yueran, Mimi Zou PAPUA NEW GUINEA (P. 36) Zhang Shuchi COPY-EDITING Sharon Strange FOCUS (P. 40) EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS CHANGING REPRESENTATIONS OF CHINA’S Nan Liu, Tessie Sun WORKERS (P. 42) Wanning Sun ART DIRECTION Tommaso Facchin PLATFORM ECONOMIES (P. 46) Julie Yujie Chen COVER ARTWORK Marc Verdugo RETHINKING ONLINE PRIVACY IN THE CHINESE WORKPLACE (P. 50) Mimi Zou VISUALISING LABOUR AND LABOURSCAPES IN CHINA (P. 56) Marina Svensson DOCUMENTING CHINA’S INFLUENCE (P. 62) David Bandurski IMAGINING THE DIGITALISATION OF POLITICS: A CONVERSATION WITH WANG LIXIONG (P. 66) Zeng Jinyan WINDOW ON ASIA (P. 80) ‘HUN SEN WON’T DIE, WORKERS WILL DIE’ (P. 82) Sabina Lawreniuk ONLINE ACTIVISM AND SOUTH KOREA’S CANDLELIGHT MOVEMENT (P. 86) Hyejin Kim WORK OF ARTS (P. 90) COMMUNIST HIBERNATION (P. 90) Christian Sorace CRIME AND PUNISHMENT ON A CHINESE BORDER (P. 96) Suzanne Scoggins CONVERSATIONS (P. 100) RESIGNED ACTIVISM: A CONVERSATION WITH ANNA LORA-WAINWRIGHT (P. 100) Andrea Enrico Pia CNPOLITICS: A CONVERSATION WITH FANG KECHENG (P. 106) Kevin Lin CONTRIBUTOR BIOS (P. 108) BIBLIOGRAPHY (P. 111) EDITORIAL On a Chinese workers have been portrayed through the lens of photography. David Bandurski investigates Screen an ‘independent’ Chinese documentary, Media, Power, and Voice in revealing how foreign media can inadvertently become co-producers of state propaganda. China Finally, Zeng Jinyan interviews writer Wang Lixiong about his latest novel, a damning portrayal of a cyber-dystopia. The issue includes op-eds on the Jasic The previous decade saw widespread mobilisation by labour scholar and activist discussions about the role of the Internet in Zhang Yueran; the controversy surrounding reshaping power relations in Chinese society. Chinese scholar Hu Angang by his former New media—it was widely believed—would colleague at Tsinghua University Jane give voice to the poor and downtrodden, Hayward; and the first anniversary of Liu allow citizens to better supervise government Xiaobo’s death as experienced by his long-time activity, and foster lively cultural exchanges. friend Jean-Philippe Béja. The op-ed section Workers would also benefit from this, as the also features a reflection on the situation of Internet provided them with the tools needed Chinese political studies by William Hurst. to bring their grievances into the spotlight and In the China Columns section, Lynette Ong enhance their ability to connect with their examines how the Chinese state outsources peers to establish new forms of solidarity. A violence and social control to private actors, decade later, what is left of that cyber-utopian while Zhang Shuchi describes the plight of discourse? As the Chinese Party-state steps Chinese workers in Papua New Guinea. The up the censorship and manipulation of online Window on Asia section offers two essays by information, and as new media is increasingly Sabina Lawreniuk and Hyejin Kim, which used as a means to reinforce control and respectively look into the latest elections surveillance over the population, a more sombre in Cambodia and the recent Candlelight assessment of the role of the Internet seems Movement in South Korea. In the cultural to have gained traction in the court of public section, Christian Sorace delves into the work opinion. The scandals that in recent years have of movie director Geng Jun, and Suzanne engulfed those social media companies that in Scoggins reviews Zhao Liang’s documentary the late 2000s and early 2010s gave rise to many Crime and Punishment. of those thwarted expectations—Facebook in We wrap up the issue with two conversations: primis—have nothing but contributed to the the first with Anna Lora-Wainwright disillusion. about Resigned Activism, her latest book on This issue of Made in China offers a series of environmental activism in China, and the essays that assess the relevance of the cyber- second with Fang Kecheng about the website utopian discourse against the background of CNPolitics. ■ the latest developments in Chinese politics and society. In the special section, Sun Wanning The Editors considers how the struggles of Chinese migrant workers have been constructed in public discourse and how media has come to play a role in their struggles. Julie Chen analyses the plight of Chinese platform workers. Mimi Zou shows how social media provides considerable scope for employers to monitor employees. Marina Svensson examines how Chinese 6 MADE IN CHINA / 3, 2018 BRIEFS Jul-Sept 2018 BRIEFS Xinjiang Garners Global Attention JUL/SEPT Since October 2017, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region has been marked by intensified surveillance of Uyghurs, a Muslim 2018 ethnic minority (see the Forum in the present issue of Made in China). According to scholar Rian Thum, an ‘entire culture is being criminalised’, as reports have emerged that up to one million Uyghurs have been detained in political re- Vaccine Scandal Rocks China education camps. Prominent Uyghur figures, such as Professor Rahile Dawut, football star Consumer scandals continue to engulf China. Erfan Hezim, and musician Abdurehim Heyit are News broke out in late July that Changsheng Bio- all believed to be currently held in such camps. technology Co. and Wuhan Institute of Biological Until recently, this has been met with silence Products Co. had respectively manufactured from the international community. However, in more than 250,000 and 400,000 substandard August the United Nations Committee on the infant vaccines, an unknown number of which Elimination of Racial Discrimination released may have been administered to Chinese toddlers. a report expressing concern, and called for This revelation sparked outrage across Chinese the immediate release of all wrongfully and society. Social media platforms were inundated unlawfully detained individuals, as well as for with criticism of unscrupulous corporate the end of ethno-religious profiling. Likewise, conduct and lax government supervision. On 30 in September, Human Rights Watch—an NGO and 31 July, furious parents even staged a protest based in the United States—released an extensive in Beijing outside the offices of the National report detailing and providing evidence about Health Commission and National State Drug the Chinese government’s mass internment Administration. Such massive public backlash camps; abuse and mistreatment of ethnic was not only due to the fact that defective Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and other minorities; as well vaccines would fail to protect infants from as the increasingly intrusive controls on everyday common diseases—such as diphtheria, pertussis, life in Xinjiang. Government leaders in Muslim and tetanus—but also due to the revelation countries—in particular Malaysia and Pakistan— that government officials had covered up for have also expressed concern. Meanwhile, the Changsheng Bio-technology Co. when it was Chinese government has continued to deny all discovered that the company had been falsifying allegations, and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign its production data in October 2017. In response to Affairs has discredited the reports as ‘one- the public outcry, President Xi Jinping and Prime sided information’, claiming instead that the Minister Li Keqiang vowed to conduct a thorough Autonomous Region is currently ‘enjoying overall investigation. Fines have since been enforced on social stability, sound economic development, the two
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