THE

OFFICERS *

Chairman Emeritus NORRIS DARRELL

Chairman of the Council R. AMMI CUTTER

President ROSWELL B. PERKINS

Ist Vice President BERNARD G. SEGAL

2nd Vice President EDWARD T. GIGNOUX

Treasurer BENNETT BOSKEY

Director

Executive Vice President PAUL A. WOLKIN

COUNCIL *

Frederick A. Ballard Washington District of Columbia F. M. Bird Atlanta Georgia Bennett Boskey Washington District of Columbia Michael Boudin Washington District of Columbia Boston Charles D. Breitel New York John G. Buchanan Pittsburgh Hugh Calkins Cleveland Ohio Gerhard Casper Chicago William T. Coleman, Jr. Washington District of Columbia Roger C. Cramton Ithaca New York Lloyd N. Cutler Washington District of Columbia R. Ammi Cutter Cambridge Massachusetts Norris Darrell New York New York Ronan E. Degnan Berkeley California Hardy C. Dillard Charlottesville Virginia William H. Erickson Denver Colorado

* As of July I, 1981 THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE

Thomas E. Fairchild Chicago Illinois Jefferson B. Fordham Salt Lake City Utah John P. Frank Phoenix Arizona George Clemon Freeman, Jr. Richmond Virginia Paul A. Freund Cambridge Massachusetts Henry J. Friendly New York New York Edward T. Gignoux Portland Maine Ruth Bader Ginsburg Washington District of Columbia Erwin N. Griswold Washington District of Columbia Clement F. Haynsworth, Jr. Greenville South Carolina Shirley M. Hufstedler Los Angeles California Vester T. Hughes, Jr. Dallas Texas Joseph F. Johnston Birmingham Alabama Amnalya L. Kearse New York New York Edward Hirsch Levi Chicago Illinois Robert MacCrate New York New York Hale McCown Lincoln Nebraska Wade H. McCree, Jr. Washington District of Columbia Carl McGowan Washington District of Columbia Vincent L. McKusick Portland Maine Charles Merton Merrill San Francisco California Roswell B. Perkins New York New York Louis H. Pollak Pennsylvania H. Chapman Rose Cleveland Ohio Ernest J. Sargeant Boston Massachusetts Walter V. Schaefer Chicago Illinois Bernard G. Segal Philadelphia Pennsylvania Win. Reece Smith, Jr. Tampa Florida Lyman M. Tondel, Jr. New York New York Patricia M. Wald Washington District of Columbia Lawrence E. Walsh New York New York William H. Webster Washington District of Columbia James H. Wilson, Jr. Atlanta Georgia Frank M. Wozencraft Houston Texas Austin Texas

Emeritus Council Members William J. Jameson Billings Montana William L. Marbury Baltimore Maryland Roger J. Traynor Berkeley California Charles H. Willard Guilford Connecticut John Minor Wisdom New Orleans Louisiana Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr. Boston Massachusetts

The Executive Office Tin:; AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE 4025 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 IV REPORTERS ROBERT BRAUCHER, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, formerly of Harvard University Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Chapters 1-5, 9 [Topics 1-4], 13-15) [to 1971] E. ALLAN FARNSWORTH, Columbia University School of Law, New York, New York (Chapters 6-8, 9 [Topic 5], 10-12, 16) [as of 1971] CONSULTANT ARTHUR L. CORBIN, Hamden, Connpcticut [Deceased 1967]

EDITORIAL REVISER PETER LINZER, University of Detroit School of Law, Detroit, Michigan ADVISERS ROBERT BRAUCHER [as of 1971] CHARLES D. BREITEL, Chief Judge, New York Court of Appeals, [Retired], New York, New York DANIEL ROBERT COQUILLETTE, Boston, Masschusetts, for- merly of Boston University School of Law [as of 1977] HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, Alexandria, Virginia, formerly of Northwestern University School of Law, Chicago, Illinois E. ALLAN FARNSWORTH [1970-1971] CARLOS ISRAELS, New York, New York [Deceased 1969] HARRY W. JONES, Columbia University School of Law, New York, New York STEWART MACAULAY, University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, Wisconsin CARL McGOWAN, Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Washington, District of Columbia ELLEN A. PETERS, Associate Justice, Connecticut Supreme Court, formerly of Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut WALTER V. SCHAEFER, Justice, Supreme Court of Illinois [Re- tired], Chicago, Illinois DAVID SCHWARTZ, Trial Judge, United States Court of Claims, Washington, District of Columbia [as of 1973] ARTHUR T. VON MEHREN, Harvard University Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts CHARLES H. WILLARD, Guilford, Connecticut ROBERT B. WILLIAMSON, formerly Chief Justice, Supreme Judi- cial Court of Maine, Augusta, Maine [Deceased 1976] THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE EX OFFICIO* NORRIS DARRELL, New York, New York Chairman of the Council, The American Law Institute R. AMMI CUTTER, Cambridge, Massachusetts President, The American Law histitute HERBERT WECHSLER, New York, New York Director, The American Law Institute *As of Aav 17, 1979.