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Our Social Discontents: Revisiting Fromm's Redemptive Psychoanalytic Critique
KRITIKE VOLUME TWELVE NUMBER ONE (JUNE 2018) 277-292 Article Our Social Discontents: Revisiting Fromm’s Redemptive Psychoanalytic Critique Ian Raymond B. Pacquing Abstract: Modern society is marked with utmost ambivalence. There is the utmost desire to be free, creative, and productive. Yet, our creative and productive desires trap us and now control our own freedom to become. Couple this inconsistency with the rapid sociostructural changes, fragmentation of traditions, and dissolution of communal well-being, what we have is a life of uncertainty. It is a life debased from its very ontological foundation with the transmission of technorationalities of the capitalist industry. In modernity, we could no longer speak of individuality and subjectivity since the very historical thread that serve as its foundation is now wavered towards accumulation and possession of the capital. Moreover, this overleaning towards the capital deadens us unconsciously that we mistake this for reality. The market ideology with all its rationalizations reifies human consciousness to the extent that we consider the technorationalities as the ontological normative structure. As a result, there is a growing dislocation of subjectivity which leads to neurotic social behaviors and inner social contradictions. As a result, we have our own social discontents. It is then the aim of this paper to ponder on the psychosocial effects of the market economy. I argue that there is a need to look at the effects of this economic system that perpetually delineate subjective experiences and plunge humanity into incontrovertible pseudo images. It is at this point that Fromm’s radical psychosocial interpretation of society becomes binding. -
Spirituality and Religiosity on Compassion and Altruism
Running Head: SPIRITUALITY, COMPASSION, AND ALTRUISM The Social Significance of Spirituality: New Perspectives on the Compassion-Altruism Relationship Laura R. Saslow, University of California, San Francisco Oliver P. John, University of California, Berkeley Paul K. Piff, University of California, Berkeley Robb Willer, University of California, Berkeley Esther Wong, University of California, Berkeley Emily A. Impett, University of Toronto, Canada Aleksandr Kogan, University of Cambridge, UK Olga Antonenko, University of California, Berkeley Katharine Clark, University of Colorado, Boulder Matthew Feinberg, University of California, Berkeley Dacher Keltner, University of California, Berkeley and Sarina R. Saturn, Oregon State University Author’s Note: This work was funded by a Metanexus Grant to Dacher Keltner and funding from the Center for the Economics and Demography of Aging made possible through the National Institute of Aging grant P30 AG01283. We gratefully acknowledge our wonderful research assistants for their help with data collection. We thank Frank Sulloway and Christina Maslach for their helpful comments. 0 Running Head: SPIRITUALITY, COMPASSION, AND ALTRUISM Abstract In the current research we tested a comprehensive model of spirituality, religiosity, compassion, and altruism, investigating the independent effects of spirituality and religiosity on compassion and altruism. We hypothesized that, even though spirituality and religiosity are closely related, spirituality and religiosity would have different and unique associations with compassion and altruism. In Study 1 and 2 we documented that more spiritual individuals experience and show greater compassion. The link between religiosity and compassion was no longer significant after controlling for the impact of spirituality. Compassion has the capacity to motivate people to transcend selfish motives and act altruistically towards strangers. -
Bringing in Darwin Bradley A. Thayer
Bringing in Darwin Bradley A. Thayer Evolutionary Theory, Realism, and International Politics Efforts to develop a foundation for scientiªc knowledge that would unite the natural and social sci- ences date to the classical Greeks. Given recent advances in genetics and evolu- tionary theory, this goal may be closer than ever.1 The human genome project has generated much media attention as scientists reveal genetic causes of dis- eases and some aspects of human behavior. And although advances in evolu- tionary theory may have received less attention, they are no less signiªcant. Edward O. Wilson, Roger Masters, and Albert Somit, among others, have led the way in using evolutionary theory and social science to produce a synthesis for understanding human behavior and social phenomena.2 This synthesis posits that human behavior is simultaneously and inextricably a result of evo- lutionary and environmental causes. The social sciences, including the study of international politics, may build upon this scholarship.3 In this article I argue that evolutionary theory can improve the realist theory of international politics. Traditional realist arguments rest principally on one of two discrete ultimate causes, or intellectual foundations. The ªrst is Reinhold Niebuhr’s argument that humans are evil. The second is grounded in the work Bradley A. Thayer is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota—Duluth. I am grateful to Mlada Bukovansky, Stephen Chilton, Christopher Layne, Michael Mastanduno, Roger Masters, Paul Sharp, Alexander Wendt, Mike Winnerstig, and Howard Wriggins for their helpful comments. I thank Nathaniel Fick, David Hawkins, Jeremy Joseph, Christopher Kwak, Craig Nerenberg, and Jordana Phillips for their able research assistance. -
Stephen Jay Gould Papers M1437
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt229036tr No online items Guide to the Stephen Jay Gould Papers M1437 Jenny Johnson Department of Special Collections and University Archives August 2011 ; revised 2019 Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford 94305-6064 [email protected] URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Guide to the Stephen Jay Gould M1437 1 Papers M1437 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Title: Stephen Jay Gould papers creator: Gould, Stephen Jay source: Shearer, Rhonda Roland Identifier/Call Number: M1437 Physical Description: 575 Linear Feet(958 boxes) Physical Description: 1180 computer file(s)(52 megabytes) Date (inclusive): 1868-2004 Date (bulk): bulk Abstract: This collection documents the life of noted American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science, Stephen Jay Gould. The papers include correspondence, juvenilia, manuscripts, subject files, teaching files, photographs, audiovisual materials, and personal and biographical materials created and compiled by Gould. Both textual and born-digital materials are represented in the collection. Preferred Citation [identification of item], Stephen Jay Gould Papers, M1437. Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif. Publication Rights While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use -
On the Theoretical Role of "Genetic Coding"
On the Theoretical Role of "Genetic Coding" Peter Godfrey-Smith Appears in Philosophy of Science 67 (2000): 26-44. Abstract The role played by the concept of genetic coding in biology is discussed. I argue that this concept makes a real contribution to solving a specific problem in cell biology. But attempts to make the idea of genetic coding do theoretical work elsewhere in biology, and in philosophy of biology, are probably mistaken. In particular, the concept of genetic coding should not be used (as it often is) to express a distinction between the traits of whole organisms that are coded for in the genes, and the traits that are not. 1. Introduction The concept of genetic coding appears to be a central theoretical idea in contemporary biology, one of the keystones of our understanding of metabolism, development, inheritance, and evolution. A standard developmental biology textbook tells us that "the inherited information needed for development and metabolism is encoded in the DNA sequences of the chromosomes" (Gilbert 1997, 5). Current textbooks in cell biology and evolutionary biology make similar claims; our causal knowledge of biological processes is routinely presented as organized around the concept of genetic coding.1 The concept of genetic coding is also used to express a distinction between traits of organisms; some traits are coded for in the genes and others are not. A range of programs of empirical investigation are guided by the goal of categorizing various interesting traits, such as intelligence and sexual orientation, according to this distinction. 1 Frank Sulloway, for example, discussing work in evolutionary psychology, claims: [N]o one has identified any genes that code for altruistic behavior. -
Leo Kanner and the Psychobiology of Autism
Leo Kanner and the Psychobiology of Autism by Sean Cohmer A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Approved July 2014 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Chair Jane Maienschein Manfred Laubichler ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY August 2014 ABSTRACT Leo Kanner first described autism in his 1943 article in Nervous Child titled "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact". Throughout, he describes the eleven children with autism in exacting detail. In the closing paragraphs, the parents of autistic children are described as emotionally cold. Yet, he concludes that the condition as he described it was innate. Since its publication, his observations about parents have been a source of controversy surrounding the original definition of autism. Thus far, histories about autism have pointed to descriptions of parents of autistic children with the claim that Kanner abstained from assigning them causal significance. Understanding the theoretical context in which Kanner’s practice was embedded is essential to sorting out how he could have held such seemingly contrary views simultaneously. This thesis illustrates that Kanner held an explicitly descriptive frame of reference toward his eleven child patients, their parents, and autism. Adolf Meyer, his mentor at Johns Hopkins, trained him to make detailed life-charts under a clinical framework called psychobiology. By understanding that Kanner was a psychobiologist by training, I revisit the original definition of autism as a category of mental disorder and restate its terms. This history illuminates the theoretical context of autism’s discovery and has important implications for the first definition of autism amidst shifting theories of childhood mental disorders and the place of the natural sciences in defining them. -
Curriculum Vitae 4/2020 Joseph Lee Rodgers
CURRICULUM VITAE 4/2020 JOSEPH LEE RODGERS III Lois Autrey Betts Chair in Psychology and Human Development, Professor of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University George Lynn Cross Research Professor Emeritus, University of Oklahoma Home Address: 772 Darden Place, Nashville TN 37205 Professional Address: 230 Appleton Place #552, Hobbs 202C, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 27203 Personal Data: Married to Jacci Speelman Rodgers Two Children: Rachel Speelman Rodgers and Naomi Joyce Rodgers Hobbies: Sports (Tennis, Basketball, Golf); Reading; Music Education: 1981 Ph.D. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Major: Psychology Minor: Biostatistics 1979 M.A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Major: Psychology 1975 B.A. University of Oklahoma Major: Psychology 1975 B.S. University of Oklahoma Major: Mathematics 1971 University High School, Norman, Oklahoma Professional Positions: 2012-present Lois Autrey Betts Chair in Psychology and Human Development, Professor of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University 2014-present Co-director, Quantitative Methods Masters of Education Program, Peabody College, Vanderbilt 2013-2018 Director, ExpERT Program, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University 2012-2017 Director, Quantitative Methods Section, Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University 2011-present George Lynn Cross Research Professor (now Emeritus), University of Oklahoma 2008-2012 Director, Oklahoma Population Institute, University of Oklahoma 2005 (fall) Visiting Professor -
Current Topics of Business Policy Readings
Current Topics of Business Policy (E/A/M 21871, IBE 21149) Benito Arruñada Universitat Pompeu Fabra Readings Table of contents 1. Behavior — Due: week 1 2. Contracting — Due: week 2 3. Public sector reform — Due: week 3 4. Other topics — Due: week 4 5. Professional career — Due: TBA 6. E-business — Due: 1st class on e-business 7. Tools — Due: project preparation 1. Behavior — Due: week 1 References: Pinker, Steven (1997), “Standard Equipment,” chapter 1 of How the Mind Works, Norton, New York, 3-58. Stark, Rodney (1996), “Conversion and Christian Growth,” in The Rise of Christianity: A Sociologist Reconsiders History, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2-27. Pinker, Steven (2002), The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature, Viking, New York, pp. on stereotypes (201-207). Mullainathan, Sendhil, and Andrei Shleifer (2005), “The Market for News,” American Economic Review, 95(4), 1031-53. Luscombe, Belinda (2013), “Confidence Woman,” Time, March 7. PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 27 Wrights Lane, London W8 5TZ, England Penguin Putnam Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 HOW Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England First published in the USA by W. W. Norton 1997 First published in Great Britain by Allen Lane The Penguin Press 1998 THE MIND Published -
Comparison Between First-Born and Second-Born Children Regarding Prevalence of Narcissistic Traits: an Appraisal of Adler’S Conjecture
MOJ Addiction Medicine & Therapy Research Article Open Access Comparison between first-born and second-born children regarding prevalence of narcissistic traits: an appraisal of adler’s conjecture Abstract Volume 4 Issue 3 - 2017 Introduction: Adlerian theory suggests that birth order and the number of siblings Saeed Shoja Shafti affect a child’s behaviour. In the present assessment, the prevalence of narcissistic University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Razi traits has been compared between first-born and second born children to assess once Psychiatric Hospital, Iran more the aforementioned claim. Method: Six hundreds parents, among the clienteles to a medical clinic, had been Correspondence: Saeed Shoja Shafti, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation asked, randomly and sequentially, to determine that which one of the traits of the Sciences (USWR), Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran, Postal narcissistic personality disorder, according to the DSM-5’s diagnostic criteria, could code: 18669-58891, Po Box: 18735-569, Tel 0098-21-33401220, be accounted as a distinguished characteristic of their first or second children. Fax 0098-21-33401604, Email [email protected] Result: All of the narcissistic personality traits, except one (“Is interpersonally Received: October 30, 2016 | Published: December 28, 2017 exploitative “) were significantly more prevalent among first-born children (p<0.05). Conjectural narcissistic personality disorder (with at least five traits), too was significantly more prevalent among the first-born children in comparison with the second-born children (p<0.05), which was as well significantly more prevalent in male participants of the associated group (p<0.05). Conclusion: it seems that the first-born children show higher chance for acquiring narcissistic personality traits in comparison with the second-born children; an outcome in support of substantial role of nurture. -
Examining the Effects of Birth Order on Personality
Examining the effects of birth order on personality Julia M. Rohrera, Boris Egloffb, and Stefan C. Schmuklea,1 aDepartment of Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; and bDepartment of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany Edited by Christopher F. Chabris, Union College, Schenectady, NY, and accepted by the Editorial Board September 17, 2015 (received for review April 1, 2015) This study examined the long-standing question of whether a to family dynamics are assumed to translate into stable personality person’s position among siblings has a lasting impact on that per- differences between siblings that depend on birth order and can be son’s life course. Empirical research on the relation between birth expressed in terms of the Big Five personality traits, the standard order and intelligence has convincingly documented that perfor- taxonomy in psychology (13), consisting of the five broad dimen- mances on psychometric intelligence tests decline slightly from sions: extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscien- firstborns to later-borns. By contrast, the search for birth-order tiousness, and openness to experience. effects on personality has not yet resulted in conclusive findings. According to Sulloway’s theory, firstborns, who are physically We used data from three large national panels from the United superior to their siblings at a young age, are more likely to show States (n = 5,240), Great Britain (n = 4,489), and Germany (n = dominant behavior and therefore become less agreeable. Later- 10,457) to resolve this open research question. This database borns, searching for other ways to assert themselves, tend to rely allowed us to identify even very small effects of birth order on on social support and become more sociable and thus more ex- personality with sufficiently high statistical power and to investi- traverted.* Siblings compete for scarce resources, and parental gate whether effects emerge across different samples. -
Cache Decisions, Competition, and Cognition in the Fox Squirrel, Sciurus Niger
Cache decisions, competition, and cognition in the fox squirrel, Sciurus niger by Mikel M. Delgado A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Lucia F. Jacobs, Chair Frank J. Sulloway Linda Wilbrecht Damian O. Elias Summer 2017 Cache decisions, competition, and cognition in the fox squirrel, Sciurus niger Copyright 2017 by Mikel M. Delgado Abstract Cache decisions, competition, and cognition in the fox squirrel, Sciurus niger By Mikel M. Delgado Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology University of California, Berkeley Lucia F. Jacobs, Chair Caching is the movement and storage of food items by animals for future use. Caching facilitates survival during periods of scarcity, may reduce foraging time during future searches for food, and allows animals to take advantage of periods when available food exceeds current needs. Scatter-hoarding animals store one item per cache, and must employ cognitive strategies to protect their caches. These strategies include assessing the relative value of food items, carefully hiding food items, deceptive behaviors to thwart potential pilferers, and remembering each cache location. Such decisions should be driven by economic variables, such as the value of the individual food items, the scarcity of these items, and competition and risk of pilferage by conspecifics. My dissertation begins with a general overview of the food-storing literature and the natural caching behavior of the scatter-hoarding fox squirrel (Sciurus niger). I then describe several experiments that explored the decisions fox squirrels make when storing food. -
Darwin. a Reader's Guide
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES No. 155 February 12, 2009 DARWIN A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin DARWIN: A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin California Academy of Sciences California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, California, USA 2009 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Alan E. Leviton, Ph.D., Editor Hallie Brignall, M.A., Managing Editor Gary C. Williams, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michael T. Ghiselin, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michele L. Aldrich, Ph.D., Consulting Editor Copyright © 2009 by the California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISSN 0068-5461 Printed in the United States of America Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 Table of Contents Preface and acknowledgments . .5 Introduction . .7 Darwin’s Life and Works . .9 Journal of Researches (1839) . .11 Geological Observations on South America (1846) . .13 The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842) . .14 Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands…. (1844) . .14 A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia, With Figures of All the Species…. (1852-1855) . .15 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) . .16 On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, and on the Good Effects of Intercrossing (1863) . .23 The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (1877) .