Page The Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities on Society 14-16 October 2020, Ottawa 12.30 – 13.45pm

Interdisciplinary approaches Thomas Alslev Christensen (Chair) – Julia Moore – The Center for Implementation Nushi Choudhury – National Research Council Canada Jennifer Crosbie – The Hospital for Sick Children (Sick Kids)

#SSH20 20 September 2018 Interdisciplinary approaches in the Novo Nordisk Foundation’s grant-giving

How to increase societal impact through collaborative programmes of social sciences and humanities with other scientific disciplines

Thomas Alslev Christensen Senior Vice President The Novo Nordisk Foundation Thomas Alslev Christensen, Senior Vice President, Impact, Novo Nordisk Foundation SDG framework for Novo Holdings

9 October 2020

The Novo Nordisk Foundation

A story of how a research discovery at the University of Toronto through a promise to society and a unique interdisciplinary collaboration 100 years later created nearly half a million jobs yearly and one of the world’s wealthiest foundation Page 4

It began with insulin THE SCIENTISTS Marie Krogh and August Krogh

THE ENTREPRENEUR THE CLINICIAN Thorvald Pedersen H.C. Hagedorn

THE ENTREPRENEUR THE INVESTOR Harald Pedersen August Kongsted Page 5 The promise of August Krogh Our vision Our mission The Novo Nordisk  To enable Novo Nordisk A/S and A/S to create world-class business results and Foundation’s vision is to contribute to growth contribute significantly to  To develop knowledge-based environments in which innovative and talented people can research and development carry out research of the highest quality and that improves the lives of translate discoveries into new treatments and people and the sustain- solutions  To inspire and enable children and young ability of society. people to learn Page

An independent Danish foundation with Grants Grants awarded in 2019: corporate interests $0.8 billion (€0.7 billion)

Dividends • Biomedical and health science research and applications 100% SHARES • Patient-centred and research based care • Life science research and industrial applications promoting sustainability Investments in 130 companies • Natural and technical science research and interdisciplinarity Investment result in 2019: • Innovation $3.9 billion (€3.5 billion) • Education & outreach • Social, Humanitarian and Development aid In 2019, the foundation had a net Dividends worth of $60 billion (€53 billion), making it the largest financial endowment of any foundation in and one of the largest endowments in the world. 28.1% SHARES* 25.5% SHARES* 76.1% VOTES 72.0% VOTES Page

Our impact framework: Areas of impact assessment 9 principles for how we measure The logic model Areas for evaluation of RDI grant instruments the contribution to society of RDI policies Input The monetary contribution of the Foundation to society

The nine principles 1: Fostering the development of research talent Research talent (PhD and postdoctoral researchers) 2: Creating research infrastructure Research output Research infrastructure supported by grants 3: Supporting research collaboration Research collaboration 4: Promoting excellent research Publications and their citation impact 5: Developing innovative products and solutions Research outcomes How funded activities support sustainable development 6: Creating jobs and growth How projects develop into innovation and start-up companies

7: Developing health care and new medicine Health, education, How activities lead to patient outcomes 8: Developing world-class education social & humanitarian How activities develop better STEM education 9: Empowering vulnerable groups in society outcomes How humanitarian and social projects support vulnerable people

We evaluate short-term and long-term effects of RDI instruments and policies

Biomed Biotech Nat-Tech Patient care Education & Innovation Social Humanitarian outreach

Achievement Achievement indicators indicators Page

PageHow to increase societal impact through collaborative programmes of SSH with other scientific disciplines

Interdisciplinarity in grant-giving ▪ The challenge research centre programme ▪ Interdisciplinary Synergy Programme ▪ The research programme on socioeconomic impact of research ▪ Bioscience Cluster of research centres ▪ Research infrastructure programme Page 9 DAMVAD Analytics | Copenhagen Bioscience Conferences - A review of the effect

Share of articles with PP(top 10%) - number interdisciplinary co- of fields of sciences authorship across grant types for co-authors We talked about PP(top 10%) Share of journal Share of interdisciplinary articles journal World average co-authorship in articles Lineair (PP(top 10%)) 31,5% 31,6% journal articles 75,0% 66,7% when there are 64,3% 61,4% 25,1% 57,5% 56,8% co-authors from 52,6% 52,5% two or more 44,1% fields of sciences 33,5%

10,5%

Programme Unknown Novo Nordisk Postdoctoral Innovation Phd and 1 2 3 and 4 grants Foundation fellowhips grants undergraduate research scholarships Number of fields of sciences for co-authors centres Page 10 IndicationPage of nterdisciplinary research Page 11 Interdisciplinary outcomes lead to sustainability and innovative solutions which addresses the SDGs Investments and capital input Science, talent and technology outputs Innovative and globally competitive high-tech Economy, health and social well-being and life-science companies outcomes outcomes

• SDG-3: Patients reached & quality of life • SDG-6: Sustainable • SDG-8: Number of new • SDG-3: $Investments in management of water • SDG-5: Diversity policy, share employees and jobs science and health of women in executive • SDG-8: Spin-outs and start-ups management and board • SDG-9: Pipeline of innovative • SDG-9: commercial based on research products and services, patent exploitatoin of science and • SDG-12: Consumers reached activities, inventions and research • SDG-9: CO2 emmission per and share of firms with SDG- journal articles unit of value added reports • SDG-13: Investments in • SDG-17: Partnerships and science that adresses climate • SDG-12: Sustainable/ • SDG-16: Impact on firms’ ESG research collaboration changes innovative products Policy

• SDG-17: Partnership with governments and taxes Paid Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA

Interdisciplinary Research at the NRC

Nushi Choudhury Medical Devices, Simulation and Digital Health

AESIS October 2020 Page 35 WHO WE ARE

3,950 SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, 179 $1.2B TECHNICIANS, AND BUILDINGS MANAGED ANNUAL EXPENDITURE OTHER SPECIALISTS (equivalent to 354 NHL hockey including an IRAP contribution including 255 SME industrial technology rinks) in 22 locations budget of $216M for SMEs advisors Page 36 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

Simulation and Digital Health (S&DH)

•Mission • Relying on biomedical engineering expertise, core software platforms and front line interactions with clients/clinicians, we deliver science-based research results and innovations for societal and economic benefits of Canada Page 37 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA Our Research & Application Scope

Domain-specific Science-based Academics Physics Visual Clinicians HMI Computing OGDs Data Science

Industry Neuroscience

Efficient development Effective and valid and user uptake Page 38 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

NeuroTouch Surgical Simulation 2008-2016 Page 39 IDEA TO MARKET CLINICIAN DRIVEN NEUROVR RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH Page 40 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

User-Centric R&D Model Early-Adopter Group: 30+ clinicians

• Model that mitigates risk by assuring relevance, increases accountability and structures collaboration

• Early TRL: Develop foundational technology internally (2-4 years).

• Intermediate TRL: Early-adopter group of thought leaders to support R&D, with regular delivery of technology iterations (5-10 years).

• Later TRL: Engage a commercial entity for transfer to market (2-3 years). Page

bWell Cognitive Care 2017-present Page 42 Cognitive Care Network

IUGM NRC - CNRC Mild cognitive CAMH impairment Addiction Clinical Collaborators • In-house expertise in biomedical software • Domain-specific expertise development, technology Immersive and HMI interactive VR • Innovative research • Experience with industry exercises • Onsite trials • Unique cohorts • R&D Capabilities Sick Kids Hospital CAMH Schizo- • Centralized data • Large ecosystem Executive phrenia • Federal Programs functions UBC Major Depressive Disorder NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA Page Interdisciplinary43 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL researchCANADA and collaboration Lessons learned along the way

1. Human-centered design approach can structure interdisciplinary collaboration

2. Finding collaborators is not always easy

3. Physical co-location can build bonds, promote speaking the same language

4. Engage stakeholders: implement feedback, demonstrations, conferences, workshops

5. Train outside of comfort zone

6. Flexible research method is a must

7. Find the right grants, common goals, co-author publications Page 44 Cognitive Care Network

IUGM Mild cognitive CAMH impairment Addiction Clinical Collaborators Sick Kids Hospital

Immersive Executive functions interactive VR Jennifer Crosbie exercises (started 06/2019) Sick Kids Hospital CAMH Schizo- Executive phrenia functions

UBC Major Depressive Disorder NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA Page

Developing Novel Virtual Reality Assessment and Intervention Tools to Improve Mental Health Outcomes in Youth

Jennifer Crosbie, Psychologist, Clinician Scientist, Neurosciences and Mental Health

Every child deserves a healthy start, a strong mind, and a bright future. Page

The Story

Academic Response performance ADHD inhibition

ASD Executive Working Behavioural memory epilepsy Functions problems stroke CHD Planning Emotional Regulation • Immersive Cognitive game based • Multi-sensory interventions • Engaging/ demanding • Include multiple/relevant EFs Non-pharmacological Interventions Interdisciplinary Collaboration Page The Measure

VR Task Development Youth Co-Design

VR1 VR2a

Feasibility, tolerability, acceptability

Three Phases for VR Therapy Development and Validation

VR1 Development with patient end-users

VR2 A. Feasibility, tolerability, acceptability B. Initial clinical efficacy

VR3 RCT of clinically important outcomes

Birckhead et al, 2019 Page The Measure

VR Task Development Youth Co-Design

VR1 VR2a

Feasibility, tolerability, acceptability Page The Measure

VR Task Development Youth Co-Design

VR1 VR2a

Feasibility, tolerability, acceptability

National Research Council (NRC)

Response Inhibition Spatial Working Memory Delay Aversion Page Why is Youth Engagement so Important for Digital Interventions?

• Generational divide in tech-savviness • Current interventions are less attractive and interactive than commercial entertainment products • Mental health digital interventions vs. traditional pharmacotherapy model • Engagement is a key indicator of outcome Page

Best Practices for Participatory Research • Recruit youth early in the design process • Increase relevance and effectiveness of interventions • Promote ideation through team collaboration • Prototyping phase: Obtaining feedback for prototypes • Continuous feedback and further development Page

https://www.ctontario.ca/patients-public/resources-for-engaging- patients/patient-decision-aid/learn-more/ Page

Co-designing interventions with youth not for youth

https://www.ctontario.ca/patients-public/resources-for-engaging- patients/patient-decision-aid/learn-more/ Page The Outcome

VR Task VR EF Task Validation in Large RCT deficit based Development Typically Developing & VR intervention brain- Youth Co-Design ADHD youth based disorder

VR1 VR2a VR2b StudyVR3 2

Feasibility, tolerability, Pilot Randomized Co-development of acceptability Control Trial of VR VR mindfulness tools training in ADHD for youth

✓ INNOVATION – Development of novel technology based intervention for MH in youth

✓ COLLABORATION – NRC technology partnership

✓ PATIENT ORIENTED – Youth Co-designed interventions