Growth Management in the San Francisco Bay Area: Interdependence of Theory and Practice
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Urban Growth Boundaries and Lafco
Urban Development Boundaries aka Urban Growth Boundary aka Urban Limit Line aka Urban Rural Boundary aka Fill in the Blank Boundary ANNUAL CALAFCO CONFERENCE SEPTEMBER 2015 Purpose of Discussion Compare and contrast Spheres of Influence with different types of Urban Development Boundaries Describe methods of Urban Development Boundary establishment and maintenance LAFCOs role concerning UDBs and how it could impact decision making Urban Growth Boundaries in the USA Source: Wikipedia The U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Tennessee require cities to establish urban growth boundaries. California requires each county to have a Local Agency Formation Commission, which sets urban growth boundaries for each city and town in the county. Urban Growth Boundaries in the USA Source: Wikipedia The U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Tennessee require cities to establish urban growth boundaries. California requires each county to have a Local Agency Formation Commission, which sets SOIs which act as urban growth boundaries for each city and town in the county. UDB vs SOI Are they the same ? If a City adopts a UDB, should the LAFCo always adopt an SOI that is coterminous to the UDB? Which one should get adopted first? Why should LAFCos care about where UDBs are drawn? Considerations for SOIs (1) The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-space lands. (2) The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area. (3) The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that the agency provides or is authorized to provide. (4) The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency. -
Managing Metropolitan Growth: Reflections on the Twin Cities Experience
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ MANAGING METROPOLITAN GROWTH: REFLECTIONS ON THE TWIN CITIES EXPERIENCE Ted Mondale and William Fulton A Case Study Prepared for: The Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy © September 2003 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ MANAGING METROPOLITAN GROWTH: REFLECTIONS ON THE TWIN CITIES EXPERIENCE BY TED MONDALE AND WILLIAM FULTON1 I. INTRODUCTION: MANAGING METROPOLITAN GROWTH PRAGMATICALLY Many debates about whether and how to manage urban growth on a metropolitan or regional level focus on the extremes of laissez-faire capitalism and command-and-control government regulation. This paper proposes an alternative, or "third way," of managing metropolitan growth, one that seeks to steer in between the two extremes, focusing on a pragmatic approach that acknowledges both the market and government policy. Laissez-faire advocates argue that we should leave growth to the markets. If the core cities fail, it is because people don’t want to live, shop, or work there anymore. If the first ring suburbs decline, it is because their day has passed. If exurban areas begin to choke on large-lot, septic- driven subdivisions, it is because that is the lifestyle that people individually prefer. Government policy should be used to accommodate these preferences rather than seek to shape any particular regional growth pattern. Advocates on the other side call for a strong regulatory approach. Their view is that regional and state governments should use their power to engineer precisely where and how local communities should grow for the common good. Among other things, this approach calls for the creation of a strong—even heavy-handed—regional boundary that restricts urban growth to particular geographical areas. -
Early 'Urban America'
CCAPA AICP Exam Presentation Planning History, Theory, and Other Stuff Donald J. Poland, PhD, AICP Senior VP & Managing Director, Urban Planning Goman+York Property Advisors, LLC www.gomanyork.com East Hartford, CT 06108 860-655-6897 [email protected] A Few Words of Advice • Repetitive study over key items is best. • Test yourself. • Know when to stop. • Learn how to think like the test writers (and APA). • Know the code of ethics. • Scout out the test location before hand. What is Planning? A Painless Intro to Planning Theory • Rational Method = comprehensive planning – Myerson and Banfield • Incremental (muddling through) = win little battles that hopefully add up to something – Charles Lindblom • Transactive = social development/constituency building • Advocacy = applying social justice – Sherry Arnstein’s Ladder of Public Participation – Paul Davidoff – advocacy planning American Planning before 1800 • European Traditions – New England, New Amsterdam, & the village tradition – Tidewater and the ‘Town Acts’ – The Carolinas/Georgia and the Renaissance Style – L’Enfant, Washington D.C., & Baroque Style (1791) • Planning was Architectural • Planning was plotting street layouts • There wasn’t much of it… The 1800’s and Planning Issues • The ‘frontier’ is more distant & less appealing • Massive immigration • Industrialization & Urbanization • Problems of the Industrial City – Poverty, pollution, overcrowding, disease, unrest • Planning comes to the rescue – NYC as epicenter – Central Park 1853 – 1857 (Olmsted & Vaux) – Tenement Laws Planning Prior to WWI • Public Awareness of the Problems – Jacob Riis • ‘How the Other Half Lives’ (1890) • Exposed the deplorable conditions of tenement house life in New York City – Upton Sinclair • ‘The Jungle’ (1905) – William Booth • The Salvation Army (1891) • Solutions – Zoning and the Public Health Movement – New Towns, Garden Cities, and Streetcar Suburbs – The City Beautiful and City Planning Public Health Movement • Cities as unhealthy places – ‘The Great Stink’, Cholera, Tuberculosis, Alcoholism…. -
Denver Regional Council of Governments Regulatory Strategies for Encouraging Infill and Redevelopment
Denver Regional Council of Governments Regulatory Strategies for Encouraging Infill and Redevelopment April 2006 Abstract Title: Regulatory Strategies for Encouraging Infill and Redevelopment Author: Denver Regional Council of Governments (DRCOG) 4500 Cherry Creek Drive South, Suite 800 Denver, Colorado 80246-1531 303-455-1000 http://www.drcog.org Subject: Regional and local community planning and development Date: April 2006 Number of Pages: 21 Abstract: This report provides information for local governments on regulatory strategies that could support infill and redevelopment in their communities. It describes the process of assessing and adjusting zone districts to better facilitate infill and redevelopment. Mixed-use zoning codes and overlay districts are described and local and national examples of each are provided. It also addresses assessing and modifying building codes. Regulatory Strategies for Encouraging Infill and Redevelopment April 2006 Table of Contents Page Introduction 3 Definition of Infill and Redevelopment 3 Infill and Redevelopment in Context 4 Regulatory Process Assessment and Suggested Improvements 5 Zone Districts and Infill and Redevelopment 6 Supportive Zone Districts 7 Zoning Code Assessment 8 Adjusting Zone District Standards 9 Example Zone District Standard Adjustment 11 Mixed Use Zoning Codes 11 Mixed-Use Code Benefits 12 Examples of Mixed-Use Zoning Codes 12 Overlay Districts 13 Overlay District Ordinance Components 14 Overlay District Designation Criteria 15 Examples of Overlay Districts 16 Building Codes 16 Building Code Assessment 17 Activities that Support Building Code Success 18 Conclusion 19 1 2 Regulatory Strategies for Encouraging Infill and Redevelopment Introduction This paper describes regulatory strategies that can be used by the public sector to encourage infill and redevelopment activity. -
An Evaluation of the Growth Management Act and Its Implementation
An Evaluation of the Growth Management Act and its Implementation In Response to Resolve 2004, Chapter 73 Joint Standing Committee on Natural Resources 122nd Legislature Maine State Planning Office March 2006 Acknowledgements This project took many people and many hours to complete. Over 100 people shared their ideas with us at a land use summit. Approximately 75 people volunteered their time to participate in focus groups and interviews. Several people submitted written comments. The six individuals on the State Planning Office land use team proposed ideas, researched details, attended meetings, and reviewed reports. The Community Preservation Advisory Committee met on three occasions to guide the process and offer advice. These and many others supported our effort in a variety of ways and we want all of them to know how much their contributions counted. Authors and contributors to this report include: Martha Freeman, Director Sue Inches, Deputy Director Jody Harris, Director of Program Services John Del Vecchio, Legislative Liaison Matt Nazar, Land Use Program Director Stacy Benjamin, Land Use Team Paula Thomson, Land Use Team Phil Carey, Land Use Team Frank Hample, Land Use Team Ruta Dzenis, Land Use Team Cover Photo: Aerial view of Lisbon Falls. Credit: TJ Dewann and Associates Printed under Appropriation #010 07B 2907 012 2 Contents Vision: A New Approach to Planning in Maine............................................................................. 4 Statewide Goals from the Growth Management Act..................................................................... -
Introduction to Land Use, Growth Management
UW U N I V E R S I T Y O F W A S H I N G T O N ______________________________________________________________________ Department of Urban Design and Planning Title: Introduction to Land Use, Growth Management and Environmental Planning (UrbDP 598F/450, 3 credits) Class: Mondays and Wednesdays, noon-1:20 pm Gould 102 Quarter: Autumn, 2012 Instructor: So-Ra Baek, Ph.D. Candidate OFFICE HOURS & COMMUNICATION Hours: Tuesday 2 – 3 pm, or by appointment Office: Gould Hall 317 Fax: 206-685-9597 e-mail: So-Ra Baek [email protected], CLASS WEBSITES Catalyst: https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/sora100/32380/ gmforum: http://courses.washington.edu/gmforum PURPOSE This course deals with the overview of the linkages among land use, growth management and environmental impacts. Many cities and only a few states in the United States have adopted a variety of growth management measures and land use controls to attempt to maximize the social welfare benefits, including environmental benefits, from slower growth. In the field of urban growth management, there are many controversial views, e.g. urban economists vs. environmentalists and urban planners, centrists vs. decentrists, the urban-rural dichotomy, etc. The focus of this course will be given to contemporary land use issues, especially sprawl, smart growth, sustainable development, the Washington State Growth Management Act, New Urbanism, Transit-Oriented Development, Green Growth. The prime purpose of the 1 course is to understand and to evaluate this experience, and to offer guidance on best- practice techniques of growth management. Because this course is an introductory course, we will focus more on the issues than the details. -
From Urban Sprawl to Compact City – an Analysis of Urban Growth Management in Auckland
From Urban Sprawl to Compact City – An analysis of urban growth management in Auckland Joshua Arbury For my daughter Amalia - 1 - Acknowledgements: I would like to thank everyone who participated in the questionnaires and interviews, my supervisor Ward Friesen for providing useful insights and helpful suggestions, and particularly my mother, Jacquelyn Arbury, for her priceless help with proof-reading and editing. - 2 - Contents Title 1 Acknowledgements 2 Contents 3 List of Figures 5 Chapter One – Introduction 7 Chapter Two – Urban Sprawl versus the Compact City 14 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 The rise of Urban Sprawl 18 2.3 Sustainability and Sprawl 29 2.4 The Compact City 44 2.5 Critiques of the Compact City 54 2.6 New Approaches and a Focus on Urban Design 58 2.7 Conclusions 63 Chapter Three – The Auckland Region: Problems and Responses 66 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 A History of Auckland’s Growth 69 3.3 The Auckland Regional Growth Strategy 74 3.4 Implementing the Strategy 89 3.5 Critiquing the Regional Growth Strategy 96 3.6 Conclusions 101 Chapter Four – Implementing the Regional Growth Strategy in Auckland City: creating ‘Transit-Oriented Developments’ 104 4.1 Introduction 105 4.2 A ‘Growth Management Strategy’ for Auckland City 107 4.3 Transit-Oriented Developments 118 4.4 Conclusions 125 Chapter Five – Avondale’s Future 127 5.1 Introduction 128 - 3 - 5.2 A Brief History of Avondale 129 5.3 A ‘Liveable Community Plan’ for ‘Avondale’s Future’ 135 5.4 Visual Interpretation of Avondale’s Capacity for Growth 143 5.5 Questionnaire and Interview Results 149 5.6 Conclusions 157 Chapter Six – Conclusions 159 References 165 - 4 - List of Figures Figure 2.1: The effect of evolving transportation technologies on city form Figure 2.2: The evolving distance of a one hour commute Photo 2.1: The spatially extensive and automobile dependent urban sprawl Table 3.1: Desired regional outcomes to be achieved in a Regional Growth Strategy Table 3.2: Principles that will need to be applied to achieve desired outcomes Photo 3.1: An example of Residential 8b zone. -
Public Health: Seattle and King County's Push for the Built
FEATURES REFERENCES FIGURE TABLE SPECIAL REPORT Public Health: Seattle and King County’s Push for the Built Environment Karen Roof, M.S. Ngozi Oleru, Ph.D. Introduction The Built Environment Historically, environmental health and In Seattle and King County, Washington, and Broadly defined, the built environment is planning professionals had closer ties. In nationwide, evidence shows that decisions the human-made space in which people the early 1900s, some land use planners about how we use land and build our environ live, work, and recreate on a day-to-day championed health as a key issue for the ment have significant impacts on individual basis. It includes the buildings and spaces planning profession. This social planning and population health, safety, and well-being. we create or modify. It can extend overhead movement was expressly interested in ten Land use and built environments also impact in the form of electric transmission lines ement housing issues, public health, and community networks, economic growth, en and underground in the form of landfills industrial abuse conditions. The planners vironmental sustainability, and social justice. (Department of Health and Human Ser were also concerned about how planning In the past century, awareness of the negative vices [HHS], 2004). The design of our decisions could not only control but pre health effects and disparities due to impacts built environment affects the possibility of vent diseases such as tuberculosis (Wir from the built environment has grown, but a injury related to pedestrian and vehicular ka, 1996). Similarly, prominent planners lack of knowledge, recognition, and viable data accidents, and it also influences the pos as late as the 1930s reiterated that good remains about the connection between the sibility of exercise and healthy lifestyles. -
The Zoning and Real Estate Implications of Transit-Oriented Development
TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration LEGAL RESEARCH DIGEST January 1999--Number 12 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Subject Areas: IA Planning and Administration, IC Transportation Law, VI Public Transit, and VII Rail The Zoning and Real Estate Implications of Transit-Oriented Development This report was prepared under TCRP Project J-5, "Legal Aspects of Transit and Intermodal Transportation Programs, "for which the Transportation Research Board is the agency coordinating the research. The report was prepared by S. Mark White. James B. McDaniel, TRB Counsel for Legal Research Projects, was the principal investigator and content editor. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION transit-equipment and operations guidelines, FTA financing initiatives, private-sector programs, and The nation's transit agencies need to have access labor or environmental standards relating to transit to a program that can provide authoritatively operations. Emphasis is placed on research of current researched, specific, limited-scope studies of legal importance and applicability to transit and intermodal issues and problems having national significance and operations and programs. application to their businesses. The TCRP Project J-5 is designed to provide insight into the operating APPLICATIONS practices and legal elements of specific problems in transportation agencies. Local government officials, including attorneys, The intermodal approach to surface planners, and urban design professionals, are seeking transportation requires a partnership between transit new approaches to land use and development that and other transportation modes. To make the will address environmental impacts of increased partnership work well, attorneys for each mode need automobile traffic and loss of open space around to be familiar with the legal framework and processes cities and towns, and alleviate financial pressures on of the other modes. -
Filling in the Spaces: Ten Essentials for Successful Urban Infill Housing
Filling in the Spaces: Ten Essentials for Successful Urban Infill Housing The Housing Partnership November, 2003 Made possible, in part, through a contribution from the Washington Association of Realtors This publication was prepared by The Housing Partnership, through a contribution from the Washington Association of Realtors. The Housing Partnership is a non-profit organization (officially known as the King County Housing Alliance) is dedicated to increasing the supply of affordable market rate housing in King County. This is achieved, in part, through policies of local government that foster increased housing development while preserving affordability and neighborhood character. The Partnership pursues these goals by: (a) building public awareness of housing affordability issues; (b) promoting design and regulatory solutions; and (c) acting as a convener of public, private and community leaders. Contact: Michael Luis, 425-453-5123, [email protected]. The 17,000-member Washington Association of REALTORS® represents 150,000 homebuyers each year, and the interests of more than 4 million homeowners throughout the state. REALTORS® are committed to improving our quality of life by supporting quality growth that encourages economic vitality, provides a variety of housing opportunities, builds better communities with good schools and safe neighborhoods, preserves the environment for our children, and protects property owners ability to own, use, buy and sell real property. Contact: Bryan Wahl, 1-800-562-6024, [email protected]. Cover photo: Ravenna Cottages. Developed by Threshold Housing. Filling in the Spaces: Ten Essentials for Successful Urban Infill Housing A growth management strategy that relies on extensive urban infill requires major changes from past industry and regulatory practice. -
General Plan Introduction, Includes the Following Objectives Related to the Growth Management Element
GROWTH MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION AND VISION FOR THE FUTURE The Growth Management Element contains policies for the planning and provision of traffic improvements that are necessary for the City’s orderly growth and development. The policies and programs presented in this Element are for the establishment of traffic Level of Service (LOS) standards, a development mitigation program, a development phasing program, and an annual monitoring program. Orange’s Vision for the Future, presented in the General Plan introduction, includes the following objectives related to the Growth Management Element: . The City will build upon existing assets to create a living, active, and diverse environment that complements all lifestyles and enhances neighborhoods, without compromising the valued resources that make Orange unique. Orange recognizes the importance of managing development in a manner that ensures adequate public services and infrastructure and limits impacts on the natural environment. Policies, plans, and programs outlined within this Element are designed to improve residents’ quality of life by ensuring that needed roadway and circulation improvements are completed in step with both new development and future infill development. Purpose of the Growth Management Element The purpose of the Growth Management Element is to mandate that (1) growth and development be based upon the City’s ability to provide an adequate circulation system, and that (2) such growth and development meet the requirements of the Orange County voter-approved Revised Traffic Improvement and Growth Management Ordinance, also known as Measure M. Scope and Content of the Growth Management Element The Growth Management Element comprises three sections: 1) Introduction; 2) Issues, Goals, and Policies; and 3) Growth Management Plan. -
Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: a Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China
sustainability Article Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China Jun Ren 1,2, Wei Zhou 1,3,*, Xuelu Liu 4,*, Liang Zhou 5, Jing Guo 6, Yonghao Wang 7, Yanjun Guan 1, Jingtian Mao 2, Yuhan Huang 1 and Rongrong Ma 1 1 School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (Y.G.); [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (R.M.) 2 School of Civil Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; [email protected] 3 Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China 4 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 5 College of Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; [email protected] 6 Department of Ecological Economy, Qinghai Academy of Social Sciences, Xining 81000, China; [email protected] 7 Department of Land Space Planning, Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (X.L.) Received: 25 October 2019; Accepted: 22 December 2019; Published: 25 December 2019 Abstract: China is undergoing rapid urbanization, which has caused undesirable urban sprawl and ecological deterioration. Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) are an effective measure to restrict the irrational urban sprawl and protect the green space. However, the delimiting method and control measures of the UGBs is at the exploratory stage in China.