Federal Railroad Administration, DOT Pt. 230

[71 FR 36915, June 28, 2006] 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day inspec- tion. 230.16 Annual inspection. PART 230—STEAM LOCOMOTIVE 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy- INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE two (1472) service day inspection. STANDARDS RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS Subpart A—General 230.18 Service days. 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 and FRA Sec. Form No. 3. 230.1 Purpose and scope. 230.20 Alteration and repair report for 230.2 Applicability. steam locomotive boilers. 230.3 Implementation. 230.21 Steam locomotive number change. 230.4 Penalties. 230.22 Accident reports. 230.5 Preemptive effect. 230.6 Waivers. Subpart B—Boilers and Appurtenances 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. 230.23 Responsibility for general construc- 230.8 Definitions. tion and safe working pressure. 230.9 Information collection. 230.10 [Reserved] ALLOWABLE STRESS 230.24 Maximum allowable stress. GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on stays 230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions. and braces. 230.12 Movement of non-complying steam locomotives. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 230.13 Daily inspection. 230.26 Tensile strength of shell plates. 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day inspec- 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of rivets. tion. 230.28 Higher shearing strength of rivets.

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INSPECTION AND REPAIR Subpart C—Steam Locomotives and 230.29 Inspection and repair. Tenders 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. 230.66 Design, construction, and mainte- 230.31 Flues to be removed. nance. 230.32 Time and method of inspection. 230.67 Responsibility for inspection and re- 230.33 Welded repairs and alterations. pairs. 230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations. SPEED INDICATORS PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS 230.68 Speed indicators. 230.35 Pressure testing. 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. ASH PANS 230.37 Steam test following repairs or alter- 230.69 Ash pans. ations. BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT STAYBOLTS 230.70 Safe condition. 230.38 Telltale holes. 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. 230.39 Broken staybolts. 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing. 230.73 Air gauges. 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps. 230.74 Time of cleaning. 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and clean- STEAM GAUGES ing. 230.42 Location of gauges. 230.76 Piston travel. 230.43 Gauge siphon. 230.77 Foundation brake gear. 230.44 Time of testing. 230.78 Leakage. 230.45 Method of testing. 230.79 Train signal system. 230.46 Badge plates. 230.47 Boiler number. CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND LIGHTS SAFETY RELIEF VALVES 230.80 Cabs. 230.48 Number and capacity. 230.81 Cab aprons. 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. 230.82 Fire doors. 230.50 Time of testing. 230.83 Cylinder cocks. 230.84 Sanders. WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS 230.85 Audible warning device. 230.86 Required illumination. 230.51 Number and location. 230.87 Cab lights. 230.52 Water glass valves. 230.53 Time of cleaning. THROTTLES AND REVERSING GEAR 230.54 Testing and maintenance. 230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator 230.88 Throttles. glasses and shields. 230.89 Reverse gear. 230.56 Water glass lamps. DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS INJECTORS, FEEDWATER PUMPS, AND FLUE 230.90 Draw gear between locomotive and PLUGS tender. 230.57 Injectors and feedwater pumps. 230.91 Chafing irons. 230.58 Flue plugs. 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems.

FUSIBLE PLUGS DRIVING GEAR 230.59 Fusible plugs. 230.93 Pistons and piston rods. 230.94 Crossheads. WASHING BOILERS 230.95 Guides. 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion rods. 230.60 Time of washing. 230.97 Crank pins. 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic siphons. RUNNING GEAR

STEAM PIPES 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. 230.62 Dry pipe. 230.99 Tender truck axles. 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and parts. journals. 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal STEAM LEAKS boxes. 230.64 Leaks under lagging. 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes. 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes.

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230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges. the general system of transportation; 230.105 Lateral motion. or (4) A railroad that operates passenger TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING SYSTEM trains and does so only on track inside 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. an installation that is insular, i.e., its 230.107 Tender frame and body. operations are limited to a separate en- 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trail- clave in such a way that there is no ing trucks. 230.109 Tender trucks. reasonable expectation that the safety 230.110 Pilots. of the public—except a business guest, 230.111 Spring rigging. a licensee of the railroad or an affili- ated entity, or a trespasser—would be WHEELS AND TIRES affected by the operation. An operation 230.112 Wheels and tires. will not be considered insular if one or 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. more of the following exists on its line: 230.114 Wheel centers. (i) A public highway-rail crossing that is in use; STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS (ii) An at-grade rail crossing that is 230.115 Feed water tanks. in use; 230.116 Oil tanks. (iii) A bridge over a public road or APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION RE- waters used for commercial navigation; QUIREMENTS or APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND (iv) A common corridor with another DRAWINGS railroad, i.e., its operations are con- APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION FORMS ducted within 30 feet of those of any APPENDIX D TO PART 230—CIVIL PENALTY other railroad. SCHEDULE (c) See appendix A of part 209 for a current statement of the FRA’s policy AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 20103, 20107, 20702; 28 U.S.C. 2461, note; and 49 CFR 1.49. on its exercise of jurisdiction. SOURCE: 64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, unless § 230.3 Implementation. otherwise noted. Except as provided in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, the loco- Subpart A—General motive owner and/or operator shall per- form a 1472 service day inspection that § 230.1 Purpose and scope. meets the requirements of § 230.17 when This part prescribes minimum Fed- the locomotive’s flues would be re- eral safety standards for all steam-pro- quired to be removed pursuant to pelled locomotives operated on rail- § 230.10, of the regulations in effect roads to which this part applies. This prior to January 18, 2000. (See 49 CFR part does not restrict a railroad from parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978) At adopting and enforcing additional or the time the locomotive owner and/or more stringent requirements not in- operator completes this inspection, it consistent with this part. must begin to comply with the rest of the provisions of this part. Up until § 230.2 Applicability. such time, and except as provided in (a) Except as provided in paragraph paragraphs (a) through (c) of this sec- (b) of this section, this part applies to tion, compliance with the regulations all railroads that operate steam loco- in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See motives. 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, (b) This part does not apply to: 1978) will constitute full compliance (1) A railroad with track gage of less with this part. Any interested person than 24 inches; may obtain the October 1, 1978 revision (2) A railroad that operates exclu- of 49 CFR part s 200–999 by contacting sively freight trains and does so only the Federal Railroad Administration, on track inside an installation that is Office of Chief Counsel, 400 7th Street, not part of the general system of trans- SW, Washington, DC 20590. portation; (a) One year after January 18, 2000. (3) Rapid transit operations in an The following sections of this part urban area that are not connected to must be complied with by January 18,

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2001: §§ 230.7, 230.51, 230.57, 230.68, 230.70, unless FRA’s response indicates other- 230.85, 230.87, 230.115, and 230.116. wise. If FRA denies the petition, the (b) Interim flue removal extensions. rule will become effective as provided FRA will continue to consider requests in the first paragraph of this section. for flue removal extensions under the (2) FRA silence. Anyone who does not provisions of § 230.10 of the regulations receive a response within one year of in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See the date they filed their petition, 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, whether through administrative or 1978) until January 18, 2002. postal error, must notify FRA that the (c) Petition for special consideration. response has not been received. The no- The locomotive owner or operator may tification should be provided to FRA petition FRA for special consideration by some form of registered mail to en- of this part’s implementation with re- sure a record of delivery. Upon receipt spect to any locomotive that has either of this notification, FRA will ensure fully or partially satisfied the require- that a response is either issued, or re- ments of § 230.17 within the three (3) issued, as soon as possible. In the in- year period prior to September 25, terim, however, any operator who is at 1998—provided the locomotive is in full the end of their inspection cycle under compliance with § 230.17 by the time the rules in effect prior to January 18, the petition is actually filed.1 2000 (See 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised (1) Petition process. Petitions must be October 1, 1978) will be allowed to re- filed by January 18, 2001 and must be main in service without conducting the accompanied by all relevant docu- required inspection under § 230.17 for an mentation to be considered, including a additional six months, or until they re- FRA Form No. 4 (see appendix C of this ceive FRA’s decision, whichever occurs part) that has been calculated in ac- first. cordance with § 230.17, and all records § 230.4 Penalties. that demonstrate the number of days the locomotive has been in service. (a) Any person who violates any re- Based upon the documentation pro- quirement of this part or causes the vided, FRA will calculate the number violation of any such requirement is of ‘‘service days’’ the locomotive has subject to a civil penalty of at least accrued and will notify the petitioner $550 and not more than $11,000 per vio- of the number of service days that re- lation, except that: Penalties may be main in the locomotive’s 1472 service assessed against individuals only for day cycle. Petitions should be sent to willful violations, and, where a grossly FRA by some form of registered mail negligent violation or a pattern of re- to ensure a record of delivery. FRA will peated violations has created an immi- investigate these petitions and will re- nent hazard of death or injury to per- spond to these petitions within one sons, or has caused death or injury, a year of their receipt. FRA will send its penalty not to exceed $27,000 per viola- response by some form of registered tion may be assessed. Each day a viola- mail to ensure that a record of delivery tion continues shall constitute a sepa- is created. In its response, FRA may rate offense. See appendix A of part 209 grant the petition or deny it. If FRA for a statement of agency civil penalty grants the petition, the entirety of the policy. revised requirements will become effec- (b) Any person who knowingly and tive upon receipt of FRA’s response, willfully falsifies a record or report re- quired by this part may be subject to criminal penalties under 49 U.S.C. 1 NOTE: As an example, where a locomotive has received a proper boiler inspection after 21311. September 25, 1995 pursuant to §§ 230.10 and [64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 69 230.11 of the regulations in effect prior to FR 30594, May 28, 2004] January 18, 2000 but has not had its FRA Form No. 4 updated, the locomotive owner or § 230.5 Preemptive effect. operator may update and verify the FRA Form No. 4 for that locomotive, and submit The Locomotive Boiler Inspection a timely petition that requests retroactive Act (49 U.S.C. 20701–20703) preempts all credit for the boiler inspection. (See 49 CFR State laws or regulations concerning parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978.) locomotive safety. Napier v. Atlantic

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Coast Line R.R., 272 U.S. 605 (1926). How- of the duties of a railroad or a steam ever, FRA believes Congress did not in- locomotive owner and/or operator, any tend to preempt State laws or regula- person, including a contractor for a tions concerning rail operations over railroad, who performs any function which FRA does not exercise jurisdic- covered by this part must perform that tion. Therefore, in issuing this part, it function in accordance with this part. is FRA’s intent that State laws or reg- (c) Chapter 207 of Title 49 of the ulations applicable to those rail oper- United States Codes makes it unlawful ations to which this part does not for any railroad to use or permit to be apply (i.e., insular tourist operations) used on its line any steam locomotive not be preempted. or tender unless the entire steam loco- motive or tender and its parts and ap- § 230.6 Waivers. purtenances are in proper condition (a) A person subject to a requirement and safe to operate in the service to of this part may petition the Adminis- which they are put, without unneces- trator of FRA for a waiver of compli- sary danger of personal injury and have ance with such requirement. The filing been inspected and tested as required of such a petition does not affect that by this part. person’s responsibility for compliance with that requirement while the peti- § 230.8 Definitions. tion is being considered. As used in this part, the terms listed (b) Each petition for waiver under in this section have the following defi- this section must be filed in the man- nitions: ner and contain the information re- Administrator. The Administrator of quired by part 211 of this chapter. the Federal Railroad Administration or (c) If the Administrator finds that a the Administrator’s delegate. waiver of compliance is in the public Alteration. Any change to the boiler interest and is consistent with railroad which affects its pressure retention ca- safety, the Administrator may grant pability. Rating changes are considered the waiver subject to any conditions alterations. the Administrator deems necessary. ANSI. American National Standards Where a waiver is granted, the Admin- Institute. istrator publishes a notice containing API. American Petroleum Institute. the reasons for granting the waiver. ASME. American Society of Mechan- (d) All waivers of every form and ical Engineers. type from any requirement of any Boiler surfaces. The boiler interior is order or regulation implementing the all the space inside a boiler occupied Locomotive Boiler Inspection Act, 36 by water or steam under pressure, and Stat. 913, as amended, 49 U.S.C. 20702, all associated surfaces inside that applicable to one or more steam loco- space exposed to that water and steam. motives, shall lapse on January 18, 2000 The boiler exterior is the opposite sur- unless a copy of the grant of waiver is face of all components directly exposed filed for reassessment prior to that to the boiler interior. This includes the date with the Office of Safety, Federal fire side of the firebox sheets. Railroad Administration, 400 Seventh Break. A fracture resulting in com- Street, Washington, DC 20590. FRA will plete separation into parts. review the waiver and notify the appli- Code of original construction. The cant whether the waiver has been con- manufacturer’s or industry code in ef- tinued. fect when the boiler was constructed. If the exact code is not known, the clos- § 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. est contemporary code may be used (a) The locomotive owner and/or op- provided it does not pre-date the con- erator is directly responsible for ensur- struction date of the boiler. ing that all requirements of this part Crack. A fracture without complete are satisfied, and is the entity pri- separation into parts, except that cast- marily responsible for compliance with ings with shrinkage cracks or hot tears this part. that do not significantly diminish the (b) Although the duties imposed by strength of the member are not consid- this part are generally stated in terms ered to be cracked.

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Dead locomotive. A locomotive unable poration on January 1, 1979; and high to produce tractive effort. speed ground transportation systems Fire. Anything that produces prod- that connect metropolitan areas, with- ucts of combustion that heat transfer- out regard to whether those systems ring components of the locomotive are use new technologies not associated exposed to. with traditional railroads; but does not FRA. The Federal Railroad Adminis- include rapid transit operations in an tration. urban area that are not connected to Locomotive operator. Person or entity the general railroad system of trans- which operates, but which does not portation. necessarily own, one or more steam lo- Renewal. Replacement in kind with a comotives. This term means, for pur- newly manufactured or remanufac- poses of inspection and maintenance tured (restored to original tolerances) responsibility, the entity responsible component. Materials shall be suitable for the day-to-day operation of the for the service intended. steam locomotive, or the delegate Repair. Any work which results in a thereof. This entity may be a railroad restoration in kind. or a person or persons who operate a Serious injury. An injury that results steam locomotive under contract for a in the amputation of any appendage, railroad. the loss of sight in an eye, the fracture Locomotive owner. Person or entity of a bone, or the confinement in a hos- which owns, but which does not nec- pital for a period of more than 24 con- essarily operate, one or more steam lo- secutive hours. comotives that is operated on a rail- Service day. Any calendar day that road to which this part applies. For the boiler has steam pressure above at- purposes of inspection and mainte- mospheric pressure with fire in the nance responsibility, this term in- firebox. In the case of a fireless steam cludes that entity’s delegate as well. locomotive, any calendar day that the MAWP. Maximum allowable working boiler has steam pressure above atmos- pressure as specified by the steam loco- pheric pressure. motive specification FRA Form No. 4. Stayed portion of the boiler. That por- (See appendix C of this part.) tion of the boiler designed to require NBIC. National Board Inspection support to retain internal pressure by Code published by the National Board the addition of strength members, such of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspec- as staybolts, braces, diagonal stays, tors. tubes, etc. NDE. Non-destructive Examination. Steam locomotive. A self-propelled unit NPS. Nominal Pipe Size. of equipment powered by steam that is Person. An entity of any type covered either designed or used for moving under 1 U.S.C. 1, including but not lim- other equipment. This includes a self- ited to the following: a railroad; a man- propelled unit designed or used to ager, supervisor, official, or other em- carry freight and/or passenger traffic. ployee or agent of a railroad; any Unstayed Portion of the Boiler. That owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee portion of the boiler designed to be of railroad equipment, track, or facili- self-supported in retaining internal ties; any independent contractor pro- pressure without additional strength viding goods or services to a railroad; members such as staybolts, braces, di- and any employee of such owner, man- agonal stays, tubes, etc. ufacturer, lessor, lessee, or independent Wastage. A reduction in the thickness contractor. of a mechanical component, such as a Railroad. Any form of non-highway pipe or sheet. ground transportation that runs on rails or electromagnetic guideways and § 230.9 Information collection. any entity providing such transpor- (a) [Reserved] tation, including commuter or other (b) The information collection re- short-haul railroad passenger service in quirements are found in the following a metropolitan or suburban area and sections: §§ 230.3, 230.12 through 230.21, commuter railroad service that was op- 230.33, 230.34, 230.41, 230.46, 230.47, 230.75, erated by the Consolidated Rail Cor- 230.96, 230.98, and 230.116.

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§ 230.10 [Reserved] ing the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section if the movement is sole- GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS ly for the purpose of repair. The loco- motive owner and/or operator is re- § 230.11 Repair of non-complying con- sponsible for ensuring that the move- ditions. ment may be safely made. The steam locomotive owner and/or (d) Non-complying conditions developed operator shall repair any steam loco- en route. The locomotive owner and/or motive that fails to comply with the operator may continue in use a steam conditions of this part, and shall ap- locomotive that develops a non-com- prove any such repairs made, before plying condition en route until the placing the locomotive back into serv- next daily inspection or the nearest ice. forward point where the repairs nec- § 230.12 Movement of non-complying essary to bring it into compliance can steam locomotives. be made, whichever is earlier. Before (a) General limitations on movement. A continuing en route, the steam loco- steam locomotive with one or more motive owner and/or operator shall de- non-complying conditions may be termine that it is safe to move the moved only as a lite steam locomotive steam locomotive, determine the max- or a steam locomotive in tow, except as imum speed and other restrictions nec- provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- essary for safely conducting the move- tion. Cars essential to the movement of ment, and notify in writing the engi- the steam locomotive and tender(s), in- neer in charge of the defective steam cluding tool cars and a bunk car, may locomotive and, if towed, the engineer accompany lite movements. in charge of the towing steam loco- (b) Conditions for movement. Prior to motive consist, as well as all other movement, the steam locomotive crew members in the cabs, of the pres- owner and/or operator shall determine ence of the non-complying steam loco- that it is safe to move the locomotive, motive and the maximum speed and determine the maximum speed and other movement restrictions. other restrictions necessary for safely (e) Special notice for repair. Nothing in conducting the movement, and notify this section authorizes the movement in writing the engineer in charge of the of a steam locomotive subject to a Spe- defective steam locomotive and, if cial Notice for Repair unless the move- towed, the engineer in charge of the ment is made in accordance with the towing locomotive consist, as well as restrictions contained in the Special all other crew members in the cabs, of Notice. the presence of the non-complying steam locomotive and the maximum § 230.13 Daily inspection. speed and other movement restrictions. In addition, a tag bearing the words (a) General. An individual competent ‘‘non-complying locomotive’’ shall be to conduct the inspection shall inspect securely attached to each defective each steam locomotive and its tender steam locomotive and shall contain the each day that they are offered for use following information: to determine that they are safe and (1) The steam locomotive number; suitable for service. The daily inspec- (2) The name of the inspecting entity; tion shall be conducted to comply with (3) The inspection location and date; all sections of this part, and a daily in- (4) The nature of the defect; spection report filed, by an individual (5) Movement restrictions, if any; competent to conduct the inspection. (6) The destination; and See appendices A and B of this part. (7) The signature of the person mak- (b) Pre-departure. At the beginning of ing the determinations required by this each day the steam locomotive is used, paragraph (b). an individual competent to do so shall, (c) Yard movements. A non-complying together with the daily inspection re- steam locomotive may be moved lite or quired in paragraph (a) of this section, dead within a yard at speeds not in ex- inspect the steam locomotive and its cess of 10 miles per hour without meet- tender and appurtenances to ensure

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that they are safe and suitable for serv- the inspection must be performed at ice, paying special attention to the fol- the time and place specified, unless the lowing items: Regional Administrator and the steam (1) Water glasses and gauge cocks; locomotive owner and/or operator mu- (2) Boiler feedwater delivery systems, tually agree to reschedule. If the Re- such as injectors and feedwater pumps; gional Administrator requests the in- and spection be performed on another date (3) Air compressors and governors, but the steam locomotive owner and/or and the air brake system. operator and the Regional Adminis- (c) Inspection reports. The results of trator are unable to agree on a date for the daily inspection shall be entered on rescheduling, the inspection may be an FRA Form No. 2 (See appendix C of performed as scheduled. this part) which shall contain, at a (c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 minimum, the name of the railroad, days of conducting the 31 service day the initials and number of the steam inspection, the steam locomotive locomotive, the place, date and time of owner and/or operator shall file, for the inspection, the signature of the em- each steam locomotive inspected, a re- ployee making the inspection, a de- port of inspection (FRA Form No. 1), in scription of the non-complying condi- the place where the steam locomotive tions disclosed by the inspection, con- is maintained and with the FRA Re- ditions found in non-compliance during gional Administrator for that region. the day and repaired and the signature When the report of annual inspection ( of the person who repaired the non-con- FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA forming conditions. This report shall Form No. 1 does not have to be filed be filed even if no non-complying con- until the next 31 service day inspec- ditions are detected. A competent indi- tion. (See Appendix B of this part.) vidual shall sign the report, certifying that all non-complying conditions were § 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day in- repaired before the steam locomotive is spection. operated. This report shall be filed and (a) General. An individual competent retained for at least 92 days at the lo- to conduct the inspection shall perform cation designated by the steam loco- the 92 service day inspection after the motive owner and/or operator. steam locomotive has accrued 92 ‘‘service-days.’’ This inspection shall § 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day in- include all daily, all 31 service day, and spection. all 92 service day inspection items. See (a) General. An individual competent appendix A of this part. Days in service to conduct the inspection shall perform shall be counted, recorded, and readily the 31 service day inspection after the available for inspection when requested steam locomotive has accrued 31 serv- by an FRA inspector. ice days. This inspection shall consist (b) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 of all 31 service day inspection items days of conducting the 92 service day and all daily inspection items. See ap- inspection, the steam locomotive pendix A of this part. Days in service owner and/or operator shall file, for shall be counted, recorded and readily each steam locomotive inspected, a re- available for inspection when requested port of inspection ( FRA Form No. 1), by an FRA inspector. in the place the locomotive is main- (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional tained and with the FRA Regional Ad- Administrators or their delegate(s) ministrator for that region. may require a steam locomotive owner When the report of annual inspection or operator to provide FRA with time- ( FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA ly notification before performing a 31 Form No. 1 does not have to be filed service day inspection. If the Regional until the next 92 service day inspec- Administrator or their delegate indi- tion. (See appendix C of this part.) cates their desire to be present for the 31 service day inspection, the steam lo- § 230.16 Annual inspection. comotive owner and/or operator shall (a) General. (1) An individual com- provide them a scheduled date and lo- petent to conduct the inspection shall cation for inspection. Once scheduled, perform the annual inspection after 368

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calendar days have elapsed from the placed in service or 365 calendar days time of the previous annual inspection. after the first flue tube is installed in This inspection shall include all daily, the locomotive, whichever comes first. all 31 service day, all 92 service day, This 1472 service day inspection shall and all annual inspection items. (See include all annual, and 5th annual, in- appendix B of this part.) spection requirements, as well as any (2) Fifth annual inspection. An indi- items required by the steam loco- vidual competent to do so shall per- motive owner and/or operator or the form a flexible staybolt and cap inspec- FRA inspector. At this time, the loco- tion in accordance with § 230.41 at each motive owner and/or operator shall fifth annual inspection. complete, update and verify the loco- (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional motive specification card (FRA Form Administrators shall be provided writ- No. 4), to reflect the condition of the ten notice at least one month prior to boiler at the time of this inspection. an annual inspection and shall be af- See appendices A and B of this part. forded an opportunity to be present. If (b) Filing inspection reports. Within 30 the Regional Administrator or their days of completing the 1472 service day delegate indicates a desire to be inspection, the steam locomotive present, the steam locomotive owner owner and/or operator shall, for each and/or operator will provide a sched- steam locomotive inspected, file in the uled date and location for the inspec- place where the steam locomotive is tion. Once scheduled, the inspection maintained and with the FRA Regional must be performed at the time and Administrator for that region a report place specified, unless the Regional Ad- of inspection (FRA Form No. 3), and a ministrator and the steam locomotive completed FRA Form No.4. See appen- owner and/or operator mutually agree dix C of this part. to reschedule. If the Regional Adminis- trator requests the inspection be per- RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS formed on another date but the steam locomotive owner and/or operator and § 230.18 Service days. the Regional Administrator are unable (a) Service day record. For every to agree on a date for rescheduling, the steam locomotive currently in service, inspection may be performed as sched- the steam locomotive owner and/or op- uled. erator shall have available, and be able (c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 to show an FRA inspector upon re- days of completing the annual inspec- quest, a current copy of the service day tion, the steam locomotive owner and/ record that contains the number of or operator shall file, for each steam service days the steam locomotive has locomotive inspected, a report of in- accrued since the last 31, 92, Annual spection (FRA Form No. 3), in the and 1472 service day inspections. place where the steam locomotive is (b) Service day report. By the 31st of maintained and with the FRA Regional every January, every steam locomotive Administrator for that region. (See ap- owner and/or operator shall file a serv- pendix A of this part) ice day report, FRA Form No. 5, with the Regional Administrator accounting § 230.17 One thousand four hundred for the days the steam locomotive was seventy-two (1472) service day in- in service from January 1 through De- spection. cember 31st of the preceding year. If (a) General. Before any steam loco- the steam locomotive was in service motive is initially put in service or zero (0) days during that period, a re- brought out of retirement, and after port must still be filed to prevent the every 1472 service days or 15 years, steam locomotive from being consid- whichever is earlier, an individual ered retired by FRA. (See appendix B of competent to conduct the inspection this part.) shall inspect the entire boiler. In the (c) Retirement where no service day re- case of a new locomotive or a loco- ports filed. Where the steam locomotive motive being brought out of retire- owner and/or operator does not file the ment, the initial 15 year period shall required service day report for a steam begin on the day that the locomotive is locomotive, that steam locomotive

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may be considered retired by FRA. The life of the boiler. (See appendix B of steam locomotive owner and/or oper- this part.) ator must complete all 1472 service day (c) Welded and riveted repairs to stayed inspection items to return a retired portions of the boiler. Whenever welded steam locomotive to service. or riveted repairs are performed on stayed portions of a steam locomotive § 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 boiler, the steam locomotive owner and FRA Form No. 3. and/or operator shall complete a repair (a) FRA Form No. 1. The steam loco- report (FRA Form No. 19), detailing motive owner and/or operator shall the work done. Repair reports shall be place a copy of the 31 and 92 service maintained for the life of the boiler. day inspection report (FRA Form No. (See appendix C of this part.) 1), properly filled out, under trans- parent cover in a conspicuous place in § 230.21 Steam locomotive number the cab of the steam locomotive before change. the inspected boiler is put into service. When a steam locomotive number is This FRA Form No. 1 will not be re- changed, the steam locomotive owner quired for the first 31 service days fol- and/or operator must reflect the lowing an annual inspection and the change in the upper right-hand corner posting of an FRA Form No. 3. (See ap- of all documentation related to the pendix B of this part.) steam locomotive by showing the old (b) FRA Form No. 3. In addition to the and new numbers: FRA Form No. 1, the steam locomotive Old No. 000 owner and/or operator shall also main- New No. XXX. tain in the cab a current copy of FRA Form No. 3 in the manner described in § 230.22 Accident reports. paragraph (a) of this section. (See ap- In the case of an accident due to fail- pendix C of this part.) ure, from any cause, of a steam loco- motive boiler or any part or appur- § 230.20 Alteration and repair report tenance thereof, resulting in serious in- for steam locomotive boilers. jury or death to one or more persons, (a) Alterations. When an alteration is the railroad on whose line the accident made to a steam locomotive boiler, the occurred shall immediately make a steam locomotive owner and/or oper- telephone report of the accident by ator shall file an alteration report calling the National Response Center (FRA Form No. 19), detailing the (toll free) at Area Code 800–424–0201. changes to the locomotive with the The report shall state the nature of the FRA Regional Administrator within 30 accident, the number of persons killed days from the date the work was com- or seriously injured, the place at which pleted. This form shall be attached to, it occurred, and the location where the and maintained with, the FRA Form steam locomotive may be inspected. No. 4 until such time as a new FRA Confirmation of this report shall be im- Form No. 4 reflecting the alteration is mediately mailed to the Associate Ad- submitted to the Regional Adminis- ministrator for Safety, Federal Rail- trator. Alteration reports shall be filed road Administration, Washington, DC and maintained for the life of the boil- 20590, and contain a detailed report of er. (See appendix B of this part.) the accident, including, to the extent (b) Welded and riveted repairs to known, the causes and a complete list unstayed portions of the boiler. Whenever of the casualties. welded or riveted repairs are performed on unstayed portions of a steam loco- Subpart B—Boilers and motive boiler, the steam locomotive Appurtenances owner and/or operator shall file with the FRA Regional Administrator, with- § 230.23 Responsibility for general con- in 30 days from the time the work was struction and safe working pres- completed, a repair report, FRA Form sure. No. 19, that details the work done to The steam locomotive owner and op- the steam locomotive. Repair reports erator are responsible for the general shall be filed and maintained for the design and construction of the steam

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locomotive boilers under their control. Pounds The steam locomotive owner shall es- per Rivets square tablish the safe working pressure for inch each steam locomotive boiler, after giving full consideration to the general Iron Rivets in Single Shear ...... 38,000 Iron Rivets in Double Shear ...... 76,000 design, workmanship, age, and overall Steel Rivets in Single Shear ...... 44,000 condition of the complete boiler unit. Steel Rivets in Double Shear ...... 88,000 The condition of the boiler unit shall be determined by, among other factors, § 230.28 Higher shearing strength of the minimum thickness of the shell rivets. plates, the lowest tensile strength of the plates, the efficiency of the longi- A higher shearing strength may be tudinal joint, the inside diameter of used for rivets when it can be shown the course, and the maximum allow- through testing that the rivet material able stress value allowed. The steam used is of such quality as to justify a locomotive operator shall not place the higher allowable shearing strength. steam locomotive in service before en- INSPECTION AND REPAIR suring that the steam locomotive’s safe working pressure has been established. § 230.29 Inspection and repair. ALLOWABLE STRESS (a) Responsibility. The steam loco- motive owner and/or operator shall in- § 230.24 Maximum allowable stress. spect and repair all steam locomotive (a) Maximum allowable stress value. boilers and appurtenances under their The maximum allowable stress value control. They shall immediately re- on any component of a steam loco- move from service any boiler that has developed cracks in the barrel. The motive boiler shall not exceed 1⁄4 of the ultimate tensile strength of its mate- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- rial. ator shall also remove the boiler from (b) Safety factor. When it is necessary service whenever either of them, or the to use the code of original construction FRA inspector, considers it necessary in boiler calculations, the safety factor due to other defects. value shall not be less than 4. (b) Repair standards. (1) All defects disclosed by inspection shall be re- § 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on paired in accordance with accepted in- stays and braces. dustry standards—which may include The maximum allowable stress per established railroad practices, or NBIC square inch of net cross sectional area or API established standards—before on fire box and combustion chamber the steam locomotive is returned to stays shall be 7,500 psi. The maximum service. The steam locomotive owner allowable stress per square inch of net and/or operator shall not return the cross sectional area on round, rectan- steam locomotive boiler or appur- gular, or gusset braces shall be 9,000 tenances to service unless they are in psi. good condition and safe and suitable for service. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (2) Any welding to unstayed portions of the boiler made pursuant to § 230.33 § 230.26 Tensile strength of shell shall be made in accordance with an plates. accepted national standard for boiler When the tensile strength of steel or repairs. The steam locomotive owner wrought-iron shell plates is not known, and/or operator shall not return the it shall be taken at 50,000 psi for steel steam locomotive boiler or appur- and 45,000 psi for wrought iron. tenances to service unless they are in good condition and safe and suitable § 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of for service. rivets. The maximum shearing strength of § 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. rivets per square inch of cross sectional Every boiler having lap-joint longitu- area shall be taken as follows: dinal seams without reinforcing plates

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shall have sufficient lagging, jack- essary due to identifiable safety con- eting, flues, and tubes removed at cerns. every annual inspection so that an in- (b) Method of inspection.—(1) Entire spection of the entire joint, inside and boiler. During the 1472 service day in- out, can be made, taking special care spection, the entire boiler shall be ex- to detect grooving or cracks at the amined for cracks, pitting, grooving, or edges of the seams. indications of overheating and for dam- age where mud has collected, or heavy § 230.31 Flues to be removed. scale formed. The edges of plates, all (a) Inspection of the boiler interior. laps, seams, and points where cracks During the 1472 service day inspection, and defects are likely to develop, shall the steam locomotive owner and/or op- be thoroughly inspected. Rivets shall erator shall remove all flues of steam be inspected for corrosion and loose- locomotive boilers in service, except as ness. provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- (2) Boiler interior. When inspecting tion, for the purpose of inspecting the the boiler interior, it must be seen that entire interior of the boiler and its braces and stays are taut, that pins are bracing. After removing the flues, the properly secured in place, and that steam locomotive owner and/or oper- each is in condition to support its pro- ator shall enter the boiler to remove portion of the load. Washout plugs scale from the interior and thoroughly shall be removed for access and visual clean and inspect it. inspection of the water side of the fire- (b) NDE testing. If the boiler can be box sheets. Washout plug threads, thoroughly cleaned and inspected with- sleeves and threaded openings shall be out removing the superheater flues, examined at this time. and it can be shown through appro- (3) Boiler exterior. A thorough inspec- priate NDE testing methods that they tion shall be made of the entire exte- are safe and suitable for service, their rior of the boiler while under hydro- removal may not be required at this static pressure. time. Their removal may be required, however, if the FRA inspector, or the § 230.33 Welded repairs and alter- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- ations. ator, considers it necessary due to identifiable safety concerns. (a) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- taining alloy steel or carbon steel with a § 230.32 Time and method of inspec- carbon content over 0.25 percent. Prior to tion. welding on unstayed portions of the (a) Time of inspection. The entire boil- boiler, the steam locomotive owner er shall completely be inspected at the and/or operator shall submit a written 1472 service day inspection. The jacket, request for approval to the FRA Re- lagging and any other components gional Administrator. If the approval is interfering with the provision of in- granted, the steam locomotive owner spection access shall be removed at and/or operator shall perform any weld- this time. Those portions of the boiler ing to unstayed portions of the boiler that are exposed and able to be in- in accordance with an accepted na- spected as required by the daily, tional standard for boiler repairs. The 31service day, annual and fifth annual steam locomotive owner and/or oper- inspections shall be inspected at those ator shall satisfy reporting require- times. The interior of the boiler also ments in § 230.20 at this time. shall be inspected at each annual in- (b) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- spection, after the completion of any taining carbon steel not exceeding 0.25 hydrostatic test above MAWP, and percent carbon. The steam locomotive whenever a sufficient number of flues owner and/or operator shall perform are removed to allow examination. The any welding to unstayed portions of jacket, lagging and any other compo- the boiler in accordance with an ac- nents shall also be removed to provide cepted national standard for boiler re- inspection access whenever the FRA pairs. The steam locomotive owner inspector, or the steam locomotive and/or operator shall satisfy reporting owner and/or operator, considers it nec- requirements in § 230.20 at this time.

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(c) Wastage. The steam locomotive (c) Repairs to stayed portions of the owner and/or operator shall submit a boiler. The steam locomotive owner written request for approval to the and/or operator shall perform riveted FRA Regional Administrator before repairs or alterations on stayed por- performing weld build up on wasted tions of the boiler in accordance with areas of unstayed surfaces of the boiler established railroad practices or an ac- that exceed a total of 100 square inches cepted national standard for boiler re- or the smaller of 25 percent of min- pairs. The steam locomotive owner imum required wall thickness or 1/2 and/or operator shall satisfy reporting inch. Wasted sheets shall not be re- requirements in § 230.20 at this time. paired by weld build up if the wasted sheet has been reduced to less than 60 PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS percent of the minimum required thickness as required by this part. § 230.35 Pressure testing. (d) Flush patches. The steam loco- The temperature of the steam loco- motive owner and/or operator shall motive boiler shall be raised to at least submit a written request for approval 70 deg. F any time hydrostatic pressure to the FRA Regional Administrator for is applied to the boiler. the installation of flush patches of any size on unstayed portions of the boiler. § 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. (e) Stayed portions of the boiler. The steam locomotive owner and/or oper- (a) Time of test. The locomotive owner ator shall perform welded repairs or al- and/or operator shall hydrostatically terations on stayed portions of the test every boiler at the following boiler in accordance with established times: railroad practices, or an accepted na- (1) During the 1472 service day inspec- tional standard for boiler repairs. The tion, and at every annual inspection steam locomotive owner and/or oper- thereafter; ator shall satisfy the reporting require- (2) After making any alteration to ments in § 230.20 at this time. the boiler; (3) After installing a flush patch on § 230.34 Riveted repairs and alter- an unstayed portion of the boiler; and ations. (4) After any riveting on an unstayed (a) Alterations to unstayed portions of portion of the boiler. the boiler. Prior to making riveted al- (b) Method of testing. The metal tem- terations on unstayed portions of the perature of the boiler shall be between boiler, the steam locomotive owner 70 degrees Fahrenheit and 120 degrees and/or operator shall submit a written Fahrenheit each time it is subjected to request for approval to the FRA Re- any hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic gional Administrator. If approval is testing required by these rules shall be granted, the steam locomotive owner conducted at 25 percent above the and/or operator shall perform any riv- MAWP. eting to unstayed portions of the boiler in accordance with established railroad (c) Internal inspection. An internal in- practices or an accepted national spection of the boiler shall be con- standard for boiler repairs. The steam ducted following any hydrostatic test locomotive owner and/or operator shall where the pressure exceeds MAWP. satisfy reporting requirements in § 230.20 at this time. § 230.37 Steam test following repairs or alterations. (b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the boiler. The steam locomotive owner Upon completion of any repair or al- and/or operator shall perform any riv- teration, the locomotive owner and/or eted repairs to unstayed portions of the operator shall conduct a steam test of boiler in accordance with established the boiler with steam pressure raised railroad practices, or an accepted na- to between 95 percent and 100 percent tional standard for boiler repairs. The of the MAWP. At this time, the boiler steam locomotive owner and/or oper- shall be inspected to ensure that it is ator shall satisfy reporting require- in a safe and suitable condition for ments in § 230.20 at this time. service.

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STAYBOLTS § 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing. § 230.38 Telltale holes. (a) Time of hammer testing—(1) Gen- (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. eral. All staybolts shall be hammer All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, ex- tested at every 31 service day inspec- cept flexible bolts, shall have telltale tion, except as provided in paragraph holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and (a)(2) of this section. All staybolts also at least 11⁄4 inches deep in the outer shall be hammer tested under hydro- end. static pressure any time hydrostatic (b) Reduced body staybolts. On reduced pressure above the MAWP specified on body staybolts, the telltale hole shall the boiler specification form (FRA Form No. 4), is applied to the boiler. extend beyond the fillet and into the (See appendix B of this part.) reduced section of the staybolt. (2) Exception for inaccessible Staybolts may have through telltale staybolts. The removal of brickwork or holes. grate bearers for the purpose of ham- (c) Telltale holes kept open. All telltale mer testing staybolts during each 31 holes, except as provided for in § 230.41, service day inspection will not be re- must be kept open at all times. quired if the staybolts behind these structural impediments have a telltale § 230.39 Broken staybolts. hole 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch in diameter (a) Maximum allowable number of bro- their entire length. Whenever the ken staybolts. No boiler shall be allowed brickwork or grate bearers are re- to remain in service with two broken moved for any other reason, however, staybolts located within 24 inches of the bolts shall be inspected at that each other, as measured inside the fire- time. (b) Method of hammer testing. If box or combustion chamber on a staybolts are tested while the boiler straight line. No boiler shall be allowed contains water, the hydrostatic pres- to remain in service with more than 4 sure must be not less than 95 percent of broken staybolts inside the entire fire- the MAWP. The steam locomotive box and combustion chamber, com- owner and/or operator shall tap each bined. bolt with a hammer and determine bro- (b) Staybolt replacement. Broken ken bolts from the sound or the vibra- staybolts must be replaced during the tion of the sheet. Whenever staybolts 31 service day inspection, if detected at are tested while the boiler is not under that time. Broken staybolts detected pressure, such as during the 31 service in between 31 service day inspections day inspection, the staybolt test must must be replaced no later than 30 cal- be made with all the water drained endar days from the time of detection. from the boiler. When staybolts 8 inches or less in length are replaced, they shall be re- § 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps. placed with bolts that have telltale (a) General. Flexible staybolts with holes 3⁄16 inch to 7⁄32 inch in diameter caps shall have their caps removed dur- and at least 11⁄4 inches deep at each ing every 5th annual inspection for the purpose of inspecting the bolts for end, or that have telltale holes 3⁄16 inch breakage, except as provided in para- to 7⁄32 inch in diameter their entire length. At the time of replacement of graph (b) of this section. (b) Drilled flexible staybolts. For flexi- broken staybolts, adjacent staybolts ble staybolts that have telltale holes shall be inspected. between 3⁄16 inch and 7⁄32 inch in diame- (c) Assessment of broken staybolts. ter, and which extend the entire length Telltale holes leaking, plugged, or of the bolt and into the head not less missing shall be counted as broken than one third of the diameter of the staybolts. head, the steam locomotive owner and/ (d) Prohibited methods of closing telltale or operator need not remove the holes. Welding, forging, or riveting bro- staybolt caps if it can be established, ken staybolt ends is prohibited as a by an electrical or other suitable meth- method of closing telltale holes. od, that the telltale holes are open

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their entire length. Any leakage from will allow. Under test the gauge shall these telltale holes during the hydro- read within the manufacturer’s toler- static test indicates that the bolt is ance at all points on the gauge up to 25 broken and must be replaced. Before percent above the allowed pressure. If the steam locomotive is placed in serv- the manufacturer’s tolerance is not ice, the inner ends of all telltale holes known, the gauge must read within 2 shall be closed with a fireproof porous percent full scale accuracy at all material that will keep the telltale points on the gauge up to 25 percent holes free of foreign matter and permit above allowed pressure. steam or water to exit the telltale hole when the bolt is broken or fractured. § 230.46 Badge plates. (c) Recordkeeping. The removal of A metal badge plate showing the al- flexible staybolt caps and other tests lowed steam pressure shall be attached shall be reported on FRA Form No. 3. to the boiler backhead in the cab. If (See appendix B of this part.) boiler backhead is lagged, the lagging (d) Testing at request of FRA inspector. and jacket shall be cut away so that Staybolt caps also shall be removed, or the plate can be seen. any of the tests in this section made, whenever the FRA inspector or the § 230.47 Boiler number. steam locomotive owner and/or oper- (a) Generally. The builder’s number of ator considers it necessary due to iden- the boiler, if known, shall be stamped tifiable safety concerns about the con- on the steam dome or manhole flange. dition of staybolts, staybolt caps or If the builder’s number cannot be ob- staybolt sleeves. tained, an assigned number, which shall be used in making out specifica- STEAM GAUGES tion cards, shall be stamped on the § 230.42 Location of gauges. steam dome or manhole flange. (b) Numbers after January 10, 1912. Every boiler shall have at least one Numbers which are stamped after Jan- steam gauge which will correctly indi- uary 10, 1912 shall be located on the cate the working pressure. The gauge front side of the steam dome or man- shall be positioned so that it will be hole flange at the upper edge of the kept reasonably cool and can conven- vertical surface, oriented in a hori- iently be read by the engine crew. zontal manner, and have figures at 3 § 230.43 Gauge siphon. least ⁄8 inch high. (c) Name of manufacturer or owner. The steam gauge supply pipe shall The number shall be preceded by the have a siphon on it of ample capacity name of the manufacturer if the origi- to prevent steam from entering the nal number is known or the name of gauge. The supply pipe shall directly the steam locomotive owner if a new enter the boiler and be maintained number is assigned. steam tight. The supply pipe and its connections shall be cleaned each time SAFETY RELIEF VALVES the gauge is tested. § 230.48 Number and capacity. § 230.44 Time of testing. (a) Number and capacity. Every boiler Steam gauges shall be tested prior to shall be equipped with at least two being installed or being reapplied, dur- safety relief valves, suitable for the ing the 92 service day inspection, and service intended, that are capable of whenever any irregularity is reported. preventing an accumulation of pressure greater than 6 percent above the § 230.45 Method of testing. MAWP under any conditions of service. Steam gauges shall be compared with An FRA inspector may require an accurate test gauge or dead weight verification of sufficient safety valve tester. While under test load at the relieving capacity. MAWP of the boiler to which the gauge (b) Determination of capacity. Safety will be applied, the gauge shall be set relief valve capacity may be deter- to read that pressure as accurately as mined by making an accumulation test the physical limitations of the gauge with the fire in good, bright condition

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and all steam outlets closed. Addi- are used, the reading of the lowest tional safety relief valve capacity shall gauge cock shall not be less than 3 be provided if the safety relief valves inches above the highest part of the allow an excess pressure of more than 6 crown sheet. percent above the MAWP during this test. § 230.52 Water glass valves. All water glasses shall be equipped § 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. with no more than two valves capable (a) Qualifications of individual who ad- of isolating the water glass from the justs. Safety relief valves shall be set boiler. They shall also be equipped with and adjusted by a competent person a drain valve capable of evacuating the who is thoroughly familiar with the glass when it is so isolated. construction and operation of the valve being set. § 230.53 Time of cleaning. (b) Opening pressures. At least one safety relief valve shall be set to open The spindles of all water glass valves at a pressure not exceeding the MAWP. and of all gauge cocks shall be removed Safety relief valves shall be set to open and valves and cocks thoroughly at pressures not exceeding 6 psi above cleaned of scale and sediment at every the MAWP. 31 service day inspection, and when (c) Setting procedures. When setting testing indicates that the apparatus safety relief valves, two steam gauges may be malfunctioning. In addition, shall be used, one of which must be so the top and bottom passages of the located that it will be in full view of water column shall be cleaned and in- the persons engaged in setting such spected at each annual inspection. valves; and if the pressure indicated by the gauges varies more than 3 psi they § 230.54 Testing and maintenance. shall be removed from the boiler, test- (a) Testing. All water glasses must be ed, and corrected before the safety re- blown out, all gauge cocks must be lief valves are set. Gauges shall in all tested, and all passages verified to be cases be tested immediately before the open at the beginning of each day the safety relief valves are set or any locomotive is used, and as often as nec- change made in the setting. When set- essary to ensure proper functioning. ting safety relief valves, the water (b) Maintenance. Gauge cocks, water 3 level shall not be higher than ⁄4 of the column drain valves, and water glass length of the visible water glass, as valves must be maintained in such con- measured from the bottom of the glass. dition that they can easily be opened (d) Labeling of lowest set pressure. The and closed by hand, without the aid of set pressure of the lowest safety relief a wrench or other tool. valve shall be indicated on a tag or label attached to the steam gauge so § 230.55 Tubular type water and lubri- that it may be clearly read while ob- cator glasses and shields. serving the steam gauge. (a) Water glasses. Tubular type water § 230.50 Time of testing. glasses shall be renewed at each 92 service day inspection. All safety relief valves shall be test- ed, and adjusted if necessary, under (b) Shields. All tubular water glasses steam at every 92 service day inspec- and lubricator glasses must be tion, and also whenever any irregu- equipped with a safe and suitable shield larity is reported. which will prevent the glass from fly- ing in case of breakage. This shield WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS shall be properly maintained. (c) Location and maintenance. Water § 230.51 Number and location. glasses and water glass shields shall be Every boiler shall be equipped with so located, constructed, and main- at least two water glasses. The lowest tained that the engine crew can at all reading of the water glasses shall not times have an unobstructed view of the be less than 3 inches above the highest water in the glass from their proper po- part of the crown sheet. If gauge cocks sitions in the cab.

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§ 230.56 Water glass lamps. during every 31 service day inspection. All water glasses must be supplied Their removal shall be noted on the with a suitable lamp properly located FRA Form No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. to enable the engine crew to easily see (See appendix B of this part.) the water in the glass. WASHING BOILERS INJECTORS, FEEDWATER PUMPS, AND FLUE PLUGS § 230.60 Time of washing. (a) Frequency of washing. All boilers § 230.57 Injectors and feedwater shall thoroughly be washed as often as pumps. the water conditions require, but not (a) Water delivery systems required. less frequently than at each 31 service Each steam locomotive must be day inspection. The date of the boiler equipped with at least two means of de- wash shall be noted on the FRA Form livering water to the boiler, at least No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. (See appendix one of which is a live steam injector. B of this part.) (b) Maintenance and testing. Injectors (b) Plug removal. All washout plugs, and feedwater pumps must be kept in arch tube plugs, thermic siphon plugs, good condition, free from scale, and circulator plugs and water bar plugs must be tested at the beginning of each must be removed whenever locomotive day the locomotive is used, and as boilers are washed. often as conditions require, to ensure (c) Plug maintenance. All washout that they are delivering water to the plugs, washout plug sleeves and thread- boiler. Boiler checks, delivery pipes, ed openings shall be maintained in a feed water pipes, tank hose and tank safe and suitable condition for service valves must be kept in good condition, and shall be examined for defects each free from leaks and from foreign sub- time the plugs are removed. stances that would obstruct the flow of (d) Fusible plugs cleaned. Fusible water. plugs shall be cleaned in accordance (c) Bracing. Injectors, feedwater pumps, and all associated piping shall with § 230.59. be securely braced so as to minimize § 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, vibration. circulators and thermic siphons. § 230.58 Flue plugs. (a) Frequency of cleaning. Each time (a) When plugging is permitted. Flues the boiler is washed, arch tubes and water bar tubes shall thoroughly be greater than 21⁄4 inches in outside di- ameter (OD) shall not be plugged. Flues cleaned mechanically, washed, and in- spected. Circulators and thermic si- 21⁄4 inches in outside diameter (OD) or smaller may be plugged following fail- phons shall thoroughly be cleaned, ure, provided only one flue is plugged washed and inspected. at any one time. Plugs must be re- (b) Defects. Arch tubes and water bar moved and proper repairs made no tubes found blistered, bulged, or other- later than 30 days from the time the wise defective shall be renewed. plug is applied. Circulators and thermic siphons found (b) Method of plugging. When used, blistered, bulged or otherwise defective flue plugs must be made of steel. The shall be either repaired or renewed. flue must be plugged at both ends. (c) Method of examination. Arch tubes, Plugs must be tied together by means water bar tubes and circulators shall of a steel rod not less than 5⁄8 inch in be examined using an appropriate NDE diameter. method that accurately measures wall thickness at each annual inspection. FUSIBLE PLUGS All arch brick shall be removed for this inspection. If any are found with wall § 230.59 Fusible plugs. thickness reduced below that required If boilers are equipped with fusible to render them safe and suitable for plugs, the plugs shall be removed and the service intended at the MAWP cleaned of scale each time the boiler is specified on the boiler specification washed but not less frequently than FRA Form No. 4, they must be replaced

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or repaired. (See appendix B of this § 230.67 Responsibility for inspection part.) and repairs. The steam locomotive owner and/or STEAM PIPES operator shall inspect and repair all steam locomotives and tenders under § 230.62 Dry pipe. their control. All defects disclosed by Dry pipes subject to pressure shall be any inspection shall be repaired in ac- examined at each annual inspection to cordance with accepted industry stand- measure wall thickness. Dry pipes with ards, which may include established wall thickness reduced below that re- railroad practices, before the steam lo- quired to render the pipe suitable for comotive or tender is returned to serv- the service intended at the MAWP ice. The steam locomotive owner and/ must be replaced or repaired. or operator shall not return the steam locomotive or tender to service unless § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and they are in good condition and safe and pressure parts. suitable for service. The smoke box, steam pipes and pres- sure parts shall be inspected at each SPEED INDICATORS annual inspection, or any other time § 230.68 Speed indicators. that conditions warrant. The indi- vidual conducting the inspection must Steam locomotives that operate at enter the smoke box to conduct the in- speeds in excess of 20 miles per hour spection, looking for signs of leaks over the general system of railroad from any of the pressure parts therein transportation shall be equipped with speed indicators. Where equipped, and examining all draft appliances. speed indicators shall be maintained to STEAM LEAKS ensure accurate functioning. ASH PANS § 230.64 Leaks under lagging. The steam locomotive owner and/or § 230.69 Ash pans. operator shall take out of service at Ash pans shall be securely supported once any boiler that has developed a from mud-rings or frames with no part leak under the lagging due to a crack less than 21⁄2 inches above the rail. in the shell, or to any other condition Their operating mechanism shall be so which may reduce safety. Pursuant to arranged that they may be safely oper- § 230.29, the boiler must be repaired be- ated and securely closed. fore being returned to service. BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT § 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. § 230.70 Safe condition. The steam locomotive owner and/or (a) Pre-departure inspection. At the be- operator shall keep the boiler, and its ginning of each day the locomotive is piping and appurtenances, in such re- used, the steam locomotive operator pair that they do not emit steam in a shall ensure that: manner that obscures the engine crew’s (1) The brakes on the steam loco- vision. motive and tender are in safe and suit- able condition for service; (2) The air compressor or compres- Subpart C—Steam Locomotives sors are in condition to provide an and Tenders ample supply of air for the locomotive service intended; § 230.66 Design, construction, and (3) The devices for regulating all maintenance. pressures are properly performing their The steam locomotive owner and op- functions; erator are responsible for the general (4) The brake valves work properly in design, construction and maintenance all positions; and of the steam locomotives and tenders (5) The water has been drained from under their control. the air-brake system.

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(b) Brake pipe valve required. Each § 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. steam locomotive shall have a brake (a) Frequency of testing. The com- pipe valve attached to the front of the pressor or compressors shall be tested tender, the rear of the back cab wall, for capacity by orifice test as often as or adjacent to the exit of a vestibuled conditions may require, but not less cab. The words ‘‘Emergency Brake frequently than once every 92 service Valve’’ shall be clearly displayed near days. the valve. (b) Orifice testing criteria. (1) Compres- sors in common use, as listed in the following table, shall have orifice test criteria as follows:

Diameter of Air pressure Make Compressor size Single strokes orifice maintained per minute (in inches) (in pounds)

Westinghouse ...... 91⁄2 ...... 120 11⁄64 60 Westinghouse ...... 11 ...... 100 3⁄16 60 Westinghouse ...... 150 CFM 81⁄2 CC ...... 100 9⁄32 60 Westinghouse ...... 120 CFM 81⁄2 ...... 100 15⁄64 60 New York ...... 2a ...... 120 5⁄32 60 New York ...... 6a ...... 100 13⁄64 60 New York ...... 5b ...... 100 15⁄64 60

NOTE: This table shall be used for altitudes to and including 1,000 feet. For altitudes over 1,000 feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase in altitude.

(2) For compressors not listed in the D = Extreme depth of telltale holes in inches table in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, but in no case less than one-sixteenth inch; the air pressure to be maintained shall P = certified working pressure in psi; be no less than 80 percent of the manu- S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile facturer’s rated capacity for the com- strength of the material in psi; and pressor. R = inside radius of the reservoir in inches. (2) One row of holes shall be drilled § 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. lengthwise of the reservoir on a line (a) Hammer and hydrostatic testing. intersecting the drain opening. When Except as described in paragraphs (b) main reservoirs are drilled as described through (d) of this section, every main in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the reservoir, except those cast integrally hydrostatic and hammer tests de- with the frame, shall be hammer and scribed in paragraph (a) of this section hydrostatically tested during each an- are not required during the annual in- nual inspection. The reservoir shall be spection. Whenever any telltale hole hammer tested while empty and with shall have penetrated the interior of no pressure applied. If no defective any reservoir, the reservoir shall be areas are detected, a hydrostatic test permanently withdrawn from service. of MAWP shall be applied. (c) Welded main reservoirs without lon- (b) Drilling of main reservoirs. (1) Only gitudinal lap seams. For welded main welded main reservoir originally con- reservoirs that do not have longitu- structed to withstand at least five dinal lap seams, an appropriate NDE times the MAWP may be drilled over method that can measure the wall its entire surface with telltale holes thickness of the reservoir may be used that are 3⁄16 of an inch in diameter. The instead of the hammer test and hydro- holes shall be spaced not more than 12 static test required in paragraph (a) of inches apart, measured both longitu- this section. The spacing of the sam- dinally and circumferentially, and pling points for wall thickness shall drilled from the outer surface to an ex- not be greater than 12 inches longitu- treme depth determined by the fol- dinally and circumferentially. The res- lowing formula: ervoir shall permanently be withdrawn from service where the NDE testing re- D=(.6PR/(S¥.6P)) veals wall thickness less than the value Where: determined by the following formula:

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t=(PR/(S¥.6P) filters, shall be cleaned and tested in accordance with accepted brake equip- Where: ment manufacturer’s specifications, or t = Minimum value for wall thickness; P = Certified working pressure in psi; as often as conditions require to main- S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile tain them in a safe and suitable condi- strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi tion for service, but not less frequently if the tensile strength is unknown; and than after 368 service days or during R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. the second annual inspection, which- (d) Welded or riveted longitudinal lap ever occurs first. seam main reservoirs. (1) For welded or riveted longitudinal lap seam main res- § 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and cleaning. ervoirs, an appropriate NDE method that can measure wall thickness of the The date of testing and cleaning and reservoir shall be used instead of, or in the initials of the shop or station at addition to, the hammer test and hy- which the work is done, shall legibly be drostatic test. The spacing of the sam- stenciled in a conspicuous place on the pling points for wall thickness shall tested parts or placed on a card dis- not be greater than 12 inches longitu- played under a transparent cover in the dinally and circumferentially. Par- cab of the steam locomotive. ticular care shall be taken to measure along the longitudinal seam on both § 230.76 Piston travel. plates at an interval of no more than 6 (a) Minimum piston travel. The min- inches longitudinally. The reservoir imum piston travel shall be sufficient shall be withdrawn permanently from to provide proper brake shoe clearance service where NDE testing reveals wall when the brakes are released. thickness less than the value deter- (b) Maximum piston travel. The max- mined by the following formula: imum piston travel when steam loco- t=(PR/(0.5S¥0.6P)) motive is standing shall be as follows: Where: Maximum Type of wheel brake piston travel t = Minimum value for wall thickness; (in inches) P = Certified working pressure in psi; 1 S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile Cam Type Driving Wheel Brake ...... 3 ⁄2 strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi Other forms of Driving Wheel Brake ...... 6 if the tensile strength of steel is unknown; Engine Truck Brake ...... 8 Tender Brake ...... 9 and R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. (2) Repairs of reservoirs with reduced § 230.77 Foundation brake gear. wall thickness are prohibited. (a) Maintenance. Foundation brake gear shall be maintained in a safe and § 230.73 Air gauges. suitable condition for service. Levers, (a) Location. Air gauges shall be so lo- rods, brake beams, hangers, and pins cated that they may be conveniently shall be of ample strength, and shall read by the engineer from his or her not be fouled in any way which will af- usual position in the cab. No air gauge fect the proper operation of the brake. may be more than 3 psi in error. All pins shall be properly secured in (b) Frequency of testing. Air gauges place with cotter pine, split keys, or shall be tested prior to reapplication nuts. Brake shoes must be properly ap- following removal, as well as during plied and kept approximately in line the 92 service day inspection and when- with the tread of the wheel. ever any irregularity is reported. (b) Distance above the rails. No part of (c) Method of testing. Air gauges shall the foundation brake gear of the steam be tested using an accurate test gauge locomotive or tender shall be less than or dead weight tester designed for this 21⁄2 inches above the rails. purpose. § 230.78 Leakage. § 230.74 Time of cleaning. (a) Main reservoirs and related piping. All valves in the air brake system, Leakage from main reservoir and re- including related dirt collectors and lated piping shall be tested at every 92

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service day inspection and shall not ex- (c) Oil-burning steam locomotives. If ceed an average of 3 psi per minute in the cab is enclosed, oil burning steam a test of 3 minutes duration that is locomotives that take air for combus- made after the pressure has been re- tion through the fire-door opening duced to 60 percent of the maximum shall have a suitable conduit extending operating pressure. from the fire-door to the outside of the (b) Brake cylinders. Leakage from cab. brake cylinders shall be tested at every 92 service day inspection. With a full § 230.81 Cab aprons. service application from maximum (a) General provisions. Cab aprons brake pipe pressure, and with commu- shall be of proper length and width to nication to the brake cylinders closed, ensure safety. Cab aprons shall be se- the brakes on the steam locomotive curely hinged, maintained in a safe and and tender must remain applied for a suitable condition for service, and minimum of 5 minutes. roughened, or other provision made, to (c) Brake pipes. Steam locomotive afford secure footing. brake pipe leakage shall be tested at the beginning of each day the loco- (b) Width of apron. The cab apron motive is used, and shall not exceed 5 shall be of a sufficient width to pre- psi per minute. vent, when the drawbar is disconnected and the safety chains or the safety bars § 230.79 Train signal system. are taut, the apron from dropping be- tween the steam locomotive and ten- Where utilized, the train signal sys- der. tem, or any other form of on-board communication, shall be tested and § 230.82 Fire doors. known to be in safe and suitable condi- tion for service at the beginning of (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- each day the locomotive is used. comotive shall have a fire door which shall latch securely when closed and CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND which shall be maintained in a safe and LIGHTS suitable condition for service. Fire doors on all oil-burning locomotives § 230.80 Cabs. shall be latched securely with a pin or (a) General provisions. Cabs shall be key. securely attached or braced and main- (b) Mechanically operated fire doors. tained in a safe and suitable condition Mechanically operated fire doors shall for service. Cab windows of steam loco- be so constructed and maintained that motives shall provide an undistorted they may be operated by pressure of view of the track and signals for the the foot on a pedal, or other suitable crew from their normal position in the appliance, located on the floor of the cab. Cab floors shall be kept free of cab or tender at a suitable distance tripping or slipping hazards. The cab from the fire door, so that they may be climate shall be maintained to provide conveniently operated by the person an environment that does not unrea- firing the steam locomotive. sonably interfere with the engine (c) Hand-operated doors. Hand oper- crew’s performance of their duties ated fire doors shall be so constructed under ordinary conditions of service. and maintained that they may be con- (b) Steam pipes. Steam pipes shall not veniently operated by the person firing be fastened to the cab. New construc- the steam locomotive. tion or renewals made of iron or steel pipe greater than 1⁄8 inch NPS that are § 230.83 Cylinder cocks. subject to boiler pressure in cabs shall have a minimum wall thickness equiv- Each steam locomotive shall be alent to schedule 80 pipe, with properly equipped with cylinder cocks which can rated valves and fittings. Live steam be operated from the cab of the steam heating radiators must not be fastened locomotive. All cylinder cocks shall be to the cab. Exhaust steam radiators maintained in a safe and suitable con- may be fastened to the cab. dition for service.

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§ 230.84 Sanders. used in the same train, the leading lo- Steam locomotives shall be equipped comotive only will be required to dis- with operable sanders that deposit sand play a headlight. on the rail head in front of a set of driving wheels. Sanders shall be tested § 230.87 Cab lights. at the beginning of each day the loco- Each steam locomotive shall have motive is used. cab lights that sufficiently illuminate the control instruments, meters and § 230.85 Audible warning device. gauges to allow the engine crew to (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- make accurate readings from their comotive shall be equipped with an au- usual and proper positions in the cab. dible warning device that produces a These lights shall be so located and minimum sound level of 96db(A) at 100 constructed that the light will shine feet in front of the steam locomotive in only on those parts requiring illumina- its direction of travel. The device shall tion and does not interfere with the en- be arranged so that it may conven- gine crew’s vision of the track and sig- iently be operated by the engineer from nals. Each steam locomotive shall also his or her normal position in the cab. (b) Method of measurement. Measure- have a conveniently located additional ment of the sound level shall be made lamp that can be readily turned on and using a sound level meter conforming, off by the persons operating the steam at a minimum, to the requirements of locomotive and that provides sufficient ANSI S1.4–1971, Type 2, and set to an A- illumination to read train orders and weighted slow response. While the timetables. steam locomotive is on level, tangent track, the microphone shall be posi- THROTTLES AND REVERSING GEAR tioned 4 feet above the ground at the center line of the track and shall be § 230.88 Throttles. oriented with respect to the sound Throttles shall be maintained in safe source in accordance with the micro- and suitable condition for service, and phone manufacturer’s recommenda- efficient means shall be provided to tions. hold the throttle lever in any desired position. § 230.86 Required illumination. (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- § 230.89 Reverse gear. comotive used between sunset and sun- (a) General provisions. Reverse gear, rise shall be equipped with an operable headlight that provides illumination reverse levers, and quadrants shall be sufficient for a steam locomotive engi- maintained in a safe and suitable con- neer in the cab to see, in a clear atmos- dition for service. Reverse lever latch phere, a dark object as large as a man shall be so arranged that it can be eas- of average size standing at least 800 ily disengaged, and provided with a feet ahead and in front of such head- spring which will keep it firmly seated light. If a steam locomotive is regu- in quadrant. Proper counterbalance larly required to run backward for any shall be provided for the valve gear. portion of its trip other than to pick up (b) Air-operated power reverse gear. a detached portion of its train or to Steam locomotives that are equipped make terminal movements, it shall with air operated power reverse gear also be equipped on its rear end with an shall be equipped with a connection operable headlight that is capable of whereby such gear may be operated by providing the illumination described in steam or by an auxiliary supply of air this paragraph (a). in case of failure of the main reservoir (b) Dimming device. Such headlights air pressure. The operating valve han- shall be provided with a device whereby dle for such connection shall be con- the light from same may be diminished in yards and at stations or when meet- veniently located in the cab of the lo- ing trains. comotive and shall be plainly marked. (c) Where multiple locomotives utilized. If an independent air reservoir is used When two or more locomotives are as the source of the auxiliary supply

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for the reverse gear, it shall be pro- and shall at all times be under suffi- vided with means to automatically pre- cient compression to keep the chafing vent loss of pressure in event of failure faces in contact. of the main reservoir air pressure. (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs. Power § 230.91 Chafing irons. reverse gear reservoirs, if provided, Chafing irons that permit proper must be equipped with the means to curving shall be securely attached to automatically prevent the loss of pres- the steam locomotive and tender, and sure in the event of a failure of main shall be maintained to permit lateral air pressure and have storage capacity and vertical movement. for not less than one complete oper- ating cycle of control equipment. § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. Couplers, draft gear and attachments DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS on steam locomotives and tenders shall be securely fastened, and maintained in § 230.90 Draw gear between steam lo- safe and suitable condition for service. comotive and tender. (a) Maintenance and testing. The draw DRIVING GEAR gear between the steam locomotive and tender, together with the pins and fas- § 230.93 Pistons and piston rods. tenings, shall be maintained in safe (a) Maintenance and testing. Pistons and suitable condition for service. The and piston rods shall be maintained in pins and drawbar shall be removed and safe and suitable condition for service. tested for defects using an appropriate Piston rods shall be inspected for NDE method at every annual inspec- cracks each time they are removed, tion. Where visual inspection does not and shall be renewed if found defective. disclose any defects, an additional NDE (b) Fasteners. Fasteners (keys, nuts, testing method shall be employed. etc.) shall be kept tight and shall have Suitable means for securing the draw- some means to prevent them from loos- bar pins in place shall be provided. In- ening or falling out of place. verted drawbar pins shall be held in place by plate or stirrup. § 230.94 Crossheads. (b) Safety bars and chains generally. Crossheads shall be maintained in a One or more safety bar(s) or two or safe and suitable condition for service, more safety chains shall be provided with not more than 1⁄4 inch vertical or between the steam locomotive and ten- 5⁄16 inch lateral clearance between der. The combined strength of the safe- crossheads and guides. ty chains or safety bar(s) and their fas- tenings shall be not less than 50 per- § 230.95 Guides. cent of the strength of the drawbar and Guides shall be securely fastened and its connections. These shall be main- maintained in a safe and suitable con- tained in safe and suitable condition dition for service. for service, and inspected at the same time draw gear is inspected. § 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion (c) Minimum length of safety chains or rods. bars. Safety chains or safety bar(s) (a) General. Main, side or valve mo- shall be of the minimum length con- tion rods developing cracks or becom- sistent with the curvature of the rail- ing otherwise defective shall be re- road on which the steam locomotive is moved from service immediately and operated. repaired or renewed. (d) Lost motion. Lost motion between (b) Repairs. Repairs, and welding of steam locomotives and tenders not main, side or valve motion rods shall equipped with spring buffers shall be be made in accordance with an accept- kept to a minimum and shall not ex- ed national standard. The steam loco- ceed 1⁄2 inch. motive owner and/or operator shall (e) Spring buffers. When spring buffers submit a written request for approval are used between steam locomotives to the FRA Regional Administrator and tenders the spring shall be applied prior to welding defective main rods, with not less than 3⁄4 inch compression, side rods, and valve gear components.

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(c) Bearings and bushings. Bearings tained in a safe and suitable condition and bushings shall so fit the rods as to for service. be in a safe and suitable condition for service, and means shall be provided to RUNNING GEAR prevent bushings from turning in the rod. Straps shall fit and be securely § 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. bolted to rods. Floating bushings need not be provided with means to prevent (a) Condemning defects. Driving, trail- bushings from turning. ing, and engine truck axles with any of (d) Side motion of rods. The total the following defects shall be removed amount of side motion of each rod on from service immediately and repaired (see appendix A of this part for inspec- its crank pin shall not exceed 1⁄4 inch. tion requirements): (e) Oil and grease cups. Oil and grease (1) Bent axle; cups shall be securely attached to rods, (2) Cut journals that cannot be made and grease cup plugs shall be equipped to run cool without turning; with a suitable fastening that will pre- (3) Transverse seams in iron or steel vent them from being ejected. axles; (f) Main rod bearings. The bore of (4) Seams in axles causing journals to main rod bearings shall not exceed pin run hot; diameters more than 3⁄32 inch at front (5) Axles that are unsafe on account or back end. The total lost motion at of usage, accident or derailment; both ends shall not exceed 5⁄32 inch. (6) Any axle worn 1⁄2 inch or more in (g) Side rod bearings. The bore of side diameter below the original/new jour- rod bearings shall not exceed pin diam- nal diameter, except as provided in 5 eters more than ⁄32 inch on main pin paragraph (a)(7) of this section; 3 nor more than ⁄16 inch on other pins. (7) Any driving axles other than main driving axles with an original or new § 230.97 Crank pins. diameter greater than 6 inches that are (a) General provisions. Crank pins worn 3⁄4 inch or more in diameter below shall be securely applied. Securing the the original/new diameter. fit of a loose crank pin by shimming, (b) Journal diameter stamped. For prick punching, or welding is not per- steam locomotives with plain bearings, mitted. the original/new journal diameter shall (b) Maintenance. Crank pin collars be stamped on one end of the axle no and collar fasteners shall be main- later than January 18, 2005.

§ 230.99 Tender truck axles. The minimum diameters of axles for various axle loads shall be as follows:

Minimum Minimum Minimum diameter of diameter of diameter of Axle load (in pounds) journal wheel seat center (in inches) (in inches) (in inches)

50000 ...... 51⁄2 73⁄8 67⁄16 38000 ...... 5 63⁄4 57⁄8 31000 ...... 41⁄2 61⁄4 55⁄16 22000 ...... 33⁄4 543⁄8 15000 ...... 31⁄4 45⁄8 37⁄8

§ 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles (2) Collars that are broken, cracked, and journals. or worn to 1⁄4 inch or less in thickness; (a) Tender truck axle condemning de- (3) Truck axles that are unsafe on ac- fects. Tender truck axles with any of count of usage, accident, or derail- the following defects shall be removed ment; from service immediately and repaired: (4) A fillet in the back shoulder that (1) Axles that are bent; is worn out; or

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(5) A gouge between the wheel seats (5) Contains decaying or deteriorated that is more than 1⁄8 of an inch in fabric that impairs proper lubrication depth. of the pad; (b) Tender truck journal condemning (6) Has an exposed center core (except defects. Tender truck journals with any by design); or of the following defects shall be re- (7) Has metal parts contacting the moved from service immediately and journal; repaired : (e) A plain bearing that: (1) Cut journals that cannot be made (1) Is missing, cracked, broken; to run cool without turning; (2) Has a bearing liner loose; (2) Seams in axles causing journals to (3) Has a broken out piece; or run hot; (4) Has indications of having been (3) Overheating, as evidenced by pro- overheated, as evidenced by: nounced blue black discoloration; (i) Melted babbitt: (4) Transverse seams in journals of iron or steel axles; or (ii) Smoke from hot oil; or (5) Journal surfaces having any of the (iii) Journal surface damage; or following: (f) A plain bearing wedge that: (i) A circumferential score; (1) Is missing, cracked or broken; or (ii) Corrugation; (2) Is not located in its design posi- (iii) Pitting; tion. (iv) Rust; (v) Etching. § 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes. § 230.101 Steam locomotive driving Tender roller bearing journal boxes journal boxes. shall be maintained in a safe and suit- (a) Driving journal boxes. Driving jour- able condition. nal boxes shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Not § 230.104 Driving box shoes and more than one shim may be used be- wedges. tween the box and bearing. Driving box shoes and wedges shall (b) Broken bearings. Broken bearings be maintained in a safe and suitable shall be renewed. condition for service. (c) Loose bearings. Loose bearings shall be repaired or renewed. § 230.105 Lateral motion. (a) Condemning limits. The total lat- § 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes. eral motion or play between the hubs of the wheels and the boxes on any pair Plain bearing journal boxes with the of wheels shall not exceed the following following defects shall be removed limits: from service immediately and repaired: (a) A box that does not contain visi- Inches ble free oil; Engine truck wheels (with swing centers) ...... 1 (b) A box lid that is missing, broken, Engine truck wheels (with rigid centers) ...... 11⁄2 or open except to receive servicing; Trailing truck wheels ...... 1 (c) A box containing foreign matter, Driving wheels ...... 3⁄4 such as dirt, sand, or coal dust that can reasonably be expected to damage the (b) Limits increased. These limits may bearing; or have a detrimental effect be increased on steam locomotives op- on the lubrication of the journal and erating on track where the curvature bearing; exceeds 20 degrees when it can be (d) A lubricating pad that: shown that conditions require addi- (1) Is missing; tional lateral motion. (2) Is not in contact with the journal; (c) Non-interference with other parts. (3) Has a tear extending half the The lateral motion shall in all cases be length or width of the pad, or more, ex- kept within such limits that the driv- cept by design; ing wheels, rods, or crank pins will not (4) Shows evidence of having been interfere with other parts of the steam scorched, burned, or glazed; locomotive.

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TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING plate not less than 3⁄4 inch. All cen- SYSTEM tering devices shall be properly main- tained and shall not permit lost motion § 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. in excess of 1⁄2 inch. (a) Maintenance and inspection. (b) Safety chain required. A suitable Frames, decks, plates, tailpieces, ped- safety chain shall be provided at each estals, and braces shall be maintained front corner of all four wheel engine in a safe and suitable condition for trucks. service, and shall be cleaned and thor- (c) Clearance required. All parts of oughly inspected as often as necessary trucks shall have sufficient clearance to maintain in a safe and suitable con- to prevent them from interfering with dition for service with cleaning inter- any other part of the steam loco- vals, in any case, not to exceed every motive. 1472 service days. (b) Broken frames. Broken frames § 230.109 Tender trucks. properly patched or secured by clamps (a) Tender truck frames. A tender or other suitable means which restores truck frame shall not be broken, or the rigidity of the frame are permitted. have a crack in a stress area that af- fects its structural integrity. Tender § 230.107 Tender frame and body. truck center plates shall be securely (a) Maintenance. Tender frames shall fastened, maintained in a safe and suit- be maintained in a safe and suitable able condition for service, and provided condition for service. with a center pin properly secured. The (b) Height difference. The difference in male center plate must extend into the height between the deck on the tender female center plate at least 3⁄4 inch. and the cab floor or deck on the steam Shims may be used between truck cen- locomotive shall not exceed 11⁄2 inches. ter plates. (c) Gangway minimum width. The min- (b) Tender truck bolsters. Truck bol- imum width of the gangway between sters shall be maintained approxi- steam locomotive and tender, while mately level. standing on tangent track, shall be 16 (c) Condemning defects for springs or inches. spring rigging. Springs or spring rigging (d) Tender frame condemning defects. A with any of the following defects shall tender frame with any of the following be taken out of service immediately defects shall be removed from service and renewed or properly repaired: immediately and repaired: (1) An elliptical spring with its top (1) Portions of the tender frame or (long) leaf or any other five leaves in body (except wheels) that have less the entire spring pack broken; than a 21⁄2 inches clearance from the top of rail; (2) A broken coil spring or saddle; (2) Tender center sill that is broken, (3) A coil spring that is fully com- cracked more than 6 inches, or perma- pressed; nently bent or buckled more than 21⁄2 (4) A broken or cracked equalizer, inches in any six foot length; hanger, bolt, gib or pin; (3) Tender coupler carrier that is bro- (5) A broken coil spring saddle; and ken or missing; (6) A semi-elliptical spring with a top (4) Tender center plate, any portion (long) leaf broken or two leaves in the of which is missing or broken or that is top half broken, or any three leaves in not properly secured; or the entire spring broken. (5) Tender that has a broken side sill, (d) Tender securing arrangement. crossbearer, or body bolster. Where equipped, tender devices and/or securing arrangements intended to pre- § 230.108 Steam locomotive leading vent the truck and tender body from and trailing trucks. separating in case of derailment shall (a) Maintenance. Trucks shall be be maintained in a safe and suitable maintained in safe and suitable condi- condition for service. tion for service. Center plates shall fit (e) Side bearings and truck centering properly, and the male center plate devices. Where equipped, side bearings shall extend into the female center and truck centering devices shall be

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maintained in a safe and suitable con- repaired by applying clips providing dition for service. the clips can be made to remain in (f) Friction side bearings. Friction side place; bearings shall not be run in contact, (2) Any spring with leaves excessively and shall not be considered to be in shifting in the band; contact if there is clearance between (3) Broken coil springs; or them on either side when measured on (4) Broken driving box saddle, equal- tangent level track. izer, hanger, bolt, or pin. (g) Side bearings. All rear trucks shall be equipped with side bearings. When WHEELS AND TIRES the spread of side bearings is 50 inches, their maximum clearance shall be 3⁄8 § 230.112 Wheels and tires. inch on each side for rear trucks and 3⁄4 (a) Mounting. Wheels shall be se- inch on each side for front trucks, where used. When the spread of the side curely mounted on axles. Prick punch- bearings is increased, the maximum ing or shimming the wheel fit will not clearance shall be increased propor- be permitted. The diameter of wheels tionately. on the same axle shall not vary more than 3⁄32 inch. § 230.110 Pilots. (b) Gage. Wheels used on standard (a) General provisions. Pilots shall be gage track will be out of gage if the in- securely attached, properly braced, and side gage of flanges, measured on base maintained in a safe and suitable con- line is less than 53 inches or more than 3 dition for service. 53 ⁄8 inches. Wheels used on less than (b) Minimum and maximum clearance. standard gage track will be out of gage The minimum clearance of pilot above if the inside gage of flanges, measured the rail shall be 3 inches and the max- on base line, is less than the relevant imum clearance shall be 6 inches meas- track gage less 31⁄2 inches or more than ured on tangent level track. the relevant track gage less 31⁄8 inches. (c) Flange distance variance. The dis- § 230.111 Spring rigging. tance back to back of flanges of wheels (a) Arrangement of springs and equal- mounted on the same axle shall not izers. Springs and equalizers shall be vary more than 1⁄4 inch. arranged to ensure the proper distribu- (d) Tire thickness. Wheels may not tion of weight to the various wheels of have tires with a minimum thickness the steam locomotive, maintained ap- less than that indicated in the table in proximately level and in a safe and this paragraph (d). When retaining suitable condition for service. Adjust- rings are used, measurements of tires ing weights by shifting weights from to be taken from the outside circum- one pair of wheels to another is permis- ference of the ring, and the minimum sible. thickness of tires may be as much (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning below the limits specified earlier in defects. Springs or spring rigging with this paragraph (d) as the tires extend any of the following defects shall be re- between the retaining rings, provided moved from service immediately and it does not reduce the thickness of the renewed or properly repaired: tire to less than 11⁄8 inches from the (1) Top leaf broken or two leaves in throat of flange to the counterbore for top half or any three leaves in spring the retaining rings. The required min- broken. (The long side of a spring to be imum thickness for tires, by wheel cen- considered the top.) Broken springs not ter diameter and weight per axle, is as exceeding these requirements may be follows:

Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

30,000 pounds and under ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄4 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 17⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 11⁄2 Over 68 to 74 ...... 19⁄16

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Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

Over 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 30,000 to 35,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 13⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 17⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 11⁄2 Over 62 to 68 ...... 19⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 35,000 to 40,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 13⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 17⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 11⁄2 Over 56 to 62 ...... 19⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 15⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 40,000 to 45,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 17⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 11⁄2 Over 50 to 56 ...... 19⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 15⁄8 Over 62 to 68 ...... 111⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 45,000 to 50,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄2 Over 44 to 50 ...... 19⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 15⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 111⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 13⁄4 Over 68 to 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 50,000 to 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 19⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 111⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 13⁄4 Over 62 to 68 ...... 113⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 111⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄4 Over 56 to 62 ...... 113⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 17⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 74 ...... 2

(e) Tire width. Flanged tires shall be flange, tread, rim, plate, hub or brack- no less than 51⁄2 inches wide for stand- ets. ard gage and no less than 5 inches wide (b) Flat spots. Wheels and tires may for narrow gage. Plain tires shall be no not have a single flat spot that is 21⁄2 less than 6 inches wide for standard inches or more in length, or two ad- gage and no less than 51⁄2 inches wide joining spots that are each two or more for narrow gage. inches in length. (c) Chipped flange. Wheels and tires § 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. may not have a gouge or chip in the flange that is more than 11⁄2 inches in Steam locomotive and tender wheels length and 1⁄2 inch in width. or tires developing any of the defects (d) Broken rims. Wheels and tires may listed in this section shall be removed not have a circumferentially broken from service immediately and repaired. rim if the tread, measured from the Except as provided in § 230.114, welding flange at a point 5⁄8 inch above the on wheels and tires is prohibited. A tread, is less than 33⁄4 inches in width. wheel that has been welded is a welded (e) Shelled-out spots. Wheels and tires wheel for the life of the wheel. may not have a shelled-out spot 21⁄2 (a) Cracks or breaks. Wheels and tires inches or more in length, or two ad- may not have a crack or break in the joining spots that are each two or more

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inches in length, or so numerous as to (4) Driving or trailing wheel center endanger the safety of the wheel. with three adjacent spokes or 25 per- (f) Seams. Wheels and tires may not cent or more of the spokes in the wheel have a seam running lengthwise that is broken. within 33⁄4 inches of the flange. (c) Wheel center repairs. Wheel centers (g) Worn flanges. Wheels and tires may be repaired by welding or brazing may not have a flange worn to a 15⁄16 provided that the defect can properly inch thickness or less, as measured at be so repaired and, following the re- a point 3⁄8 inch above the tread. pair, the crankpin and axle shall re- (h) Worn treads. Wheels and tires may main tight in the wheel. Banding of the not have a tread worn hollow 5⁄16 inch hub is permitted. or more. (d) Counterbalance maintenance. Wheel (i) Flange height. Wheels and tires counterbalances shall be maintained in may not have a flange height of less a safe and suitable condition for serv- than 1 inch nor more than 11⁄2 inches, ice. as measured from the tread to the top of the flange. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS (j) Rim thickness. Wheels may not have rims less than 1 inch thick. § 230.115 Feed water tanks. (k) Wheel diameter. Wheels may not (a) General provisions. Tanks shall be have wheel diameter variance, for maintained free from leaks, and in safe wheels on the same axle or in the same and suitable condition for service. 3 driving wheel base, greater than ⁄32 Suitable screens must be provided for inch, when all tires are turned or new tank wells or tank hose and shall be tires applied to driving and trailing maintained in a manner that allows wheels. When a single tire is applied, the unobstructed flow of water. Feed the diameter must not vary more than water tanks shall be equipped with a 3 ⁄32 inch from that of the opposite wheel device that permits the measurement on the same axle. When a single pair of of the quantity of water in the tender tires is applied the diameter must be feed water tank from the cab or tender 3 within ⁄32 inch of the average diameter deck of the steam locomotive. Such de- of the wheels in the driving wheel base vice shall be properly maintained. to which they are applied. (b) Inspection frequency. As often as § 230.114 Wheel centers. conditions warrant but not less fre- quently than every 92 service days, the (a) Filling blocks and shims. Driving interior of the tank shall be inspected, and trailing wheel centers with divided and cleaned if necessary. rims shall be properly fitted with iron (c) Top of tender. Top of tender behind or steel filling blocks before the tires fuel space shall be kept clean, and are applied, and such filling blocks means provided to carry off excess shall be properly maintained. When water. Suitable covers shall be pro- shims are inserted between the tire and vided for filling holes. the wheel center, not more than two thicknesses of shims may be used, one § 230.116 Oil tanks. of which must extend entirely around the wheel. The shim which extends en- The oil tanks on oil burning steam tirely around the wheel may be in locomotives shall be maintained free three or four pieces, providing they do from leaks. The oil supply pipe shall be not lap. equipped with a safety cut-off device (b) Wheel center condemning defects. that: Wheel centers with any of the fol- (a) Is located adjacent to the fuel lowing defects shall be removed from supply tank or in another safe loca- service immediately and repaired: tion; (1) Wheels centers loose on axle; (b) Closes automatically when (2) Broken or defective tire fas- tripped and that can be reset without tenings; hazard; and (3) Broken or cracked hubs, plates, (c) Can be hand operated from clearly bolts or spokes, except as provided in marked locations, one inside the cab paragraph (b)(4) of this section; or and one accessible from the ground on

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each exterior side of the steam loco- 2. Cleaning and inspection of water glass motive. valves and gauge cocks. 3. Cleaning, washing and inspection of arch APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and si- REQUIREMENTS phons. 4. Removal and inspection of all washout The lists in this appendix are intended as and water tube plugs. guidance only. Adherence to this list does 5. Testing of all staybolts. not relieve the steam locomotive owner and/ 6. Removal, cleaning and inspection of fusi- or operator of responsibility for either: (1) ble plugs (if any). Completing the inspection and maintenance requirements described in this part; or (2) en- 92 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.15 suring that the steam locomotive, tender 1. Removal and testing of all air and steam and its parts and appurtenances are safe and gauges. suitable for service. 2. Cleaning of steam gauge siphon pipe. Daily Inspection Requirements; § 230.13 3. Renewal of tubular water glasses. 4. Testing and adjusting of safety relief 1. Observance of lifting pressure of the low- valves. est safety valve. 5. Testing of main reservoir and brake cyl- 2. Testing of water glasses and gauge inder leakage. cocks.* 3. Inspection of tubular water glass shields. 6. Entering and inspection of tender tank 4. Inspection of all cab lamps.* interior. 5. Inspection of boiler feedwater delivery Annual Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 systems.* 6. Inspection of lagging for indication of 1. Testing of thickness of arch and water leaks. bar tubes (arch brick to be removed) 7. Inspection for leaks obstructing vision of 2. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. engine crew. 3. Testing of all staybolts. 8. Observance of compressor(s) and gov- 4. Interior inspection of boiler. ernor to ascertain proper operation.* 5. Thickness verification of dry pipes. 9. Inspection of brake and signal equip- 6. Smoke box inspection. ment.* 7. Main reservoir hammer or UT testing 10. Inspection of brake cylinders for piston and hydrostatic testing (for non-welded and travel. drilled main reservoirs) 11. Inspection of foundation brake gear. 8. Removal and inspection of steam loco- 12. Inspection of sanders.* motive drawbar(s) and pins (NDE testing 13. Inspection of draw gear and chafing other than merely visual) irons. 9. Inspection of longitudinal lap joint boil- 14. Inspection of draft gear. 15. Inspection of crossheads and guides. er seams. 16. Inspection of piston rods and fasteners. 5 Year Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 17. Inspection of main, side, and valve mo- tion rods. 1. Inspection of flexible staybolt caps and 18. Inspection of headlights and classifica- sleeves. tion lamps.* 19. Inspection of running gear. 1472 Service Day Inspection Requirements; 20. Inspection of tender frames and tanks. § 230.17 21. Inspection of tender trucks for amount 1. Removal of boiler flues (as necessary) of side bearing clearance. and cleaning of boiler interior. NOTE: All items marked (*) should be 2. Removal of jacket and lagging and in- checked at the beginning of each day the lo- spection of boiler interior and exterior. comotive is used. 3. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. 4. Thickness verification (boiler survey) 31 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.14 and recomputation and update of steam loco- 1. Washing of boiler. motive specification card, (FRA Form No. 4).

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APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND DRAWINGS

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APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION FORMS

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[64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 70 FR 41996, July 21, 2005]

APPENDIX D TO PART 230—CIVIL PENALTY SCHEDULE

Willful Section Violation violation

Subpart A—General 230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions: (a) Failure to repair non-complying steam locomotive prior to use in service ...... $1,000 $2,500 (b) Failure of owner and/or operator to approve repairs made prior to use of steam loco- motive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.12 Movement of non-complying steam locomotive: (1) (1) 230.13 Daily inspection: (a) (b): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed or not retained ...... 1,000 1,500 230.14 Thirty-one service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person. (b) Failure to notify FRA ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.15 Ninety-two service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.16 Annual inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to notify FRA ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy-two service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,250 2,000 (b) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly maintained, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.18 Service days: (a) Service day record not available for inspection ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to file service day report with FRA Regional Administrator ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Failure to complete all 1,472 service day inspection items prior to returning retired steam locomotive to service ...... 1,500 3,000 230.19 Posting of forms: (a) FRA Form No. 1: (1) FRA Form No. 1 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 1 not properly displayed ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) FRA Form No. 3: (1) FRA Form No. 3 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 3 not properly displayed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.20 Alteration and repair reports: (a) Alterations: (1) Failure to properly file FRA Form No. 19 with FRA Regional Administrator ..... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (3) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the boiler: (1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Repairs to stayed portions of the boiler: (1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 230.21 Failure to properly document steam locomotive number Change ...... 1,000 1,500 Subpart B—Boilers and Appurtenances 230.22 Failure to properly report accident resulting from failure of steam locomotive boiler or part or appurtenance thereof ...... 1,500 2,500 230.23 Responsibility for general construction and safe working pressure: (a) Failure to properly establish safe working pressure for steam locomotive boiler ...... 5,000 10,000 (b) Placing steam locomotive in service before safe working pressure for boiler has been established ...... 5,000 10,000 230.24 Maximum allowable stress values on boiler components: (a) Use of materials not of sufficient tensile strength ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Use of a safety factor value of less than 4 when using the code of original construction in boiler calculations ...... 2,000 4,000 230.25 Maximum allowable stresses on stays and braces: (a) Exceeding allowable stress values on fire box and/or combustion chamber ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Exceeding allowable stress values on round, rectangular or gusset braces ...... 1,000 2,000 230.29 Inspection and repair: (a): (1) Failure of owner and/or operator to inspect and repair any steam locomotive boiler and/or appurtenance under control thereof ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Failure to remove steam locomotive from service when considered necessary to do so ...... 2,500 5,000 (b): (1) Failure of perform repairs in accordance with accepted industry standards ..... 2,000 4,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(2) Owner and/or operator returning steam locomotive boiler and/or appur- tenances to service before they are in good condition and safe and suitable for service ...... 2,000 4,000 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers, Failure to properly inspect ...... 2,000 4,000 230.31 Flues to be removed: (a): (1) Failure to remove all flues when inspecting boiler ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Failure to enter boiler and clean and inspect ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to remove superheater flues when deemed necessary to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 230.32 Time and method of inspection: (a) Failure to perform 1,472 service day inspection when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to properly inspect boiler during 1,472 service day inspection ...... 1,500 3,000 230.33 Welded repairs and alterations: (a) Failure to obtain permission before welding on unstayed portions of boiler containing alloy or carbon steel with carbon content over .25 percent carbon ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to perform welding on unstayed portions of boiler containing carbon steel not exceeding .25 percent carbon in accordance with a nationally accepted standard for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (c): (1) Failure to submit written request for approval before performing weld buildup on wasted areas of unstayed boiler surfaces that exceed 100 square inches or the smaller of 25 percent of minimum required wall thickness or 1⁄2 inch ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Repairing wasted sheets ...... 1,500 3,000 230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations: (a) Failure to obtain approval before making riveted alterations on unstayed portions of the boiler; failure to do riveting in accordance with established railroad practices or ac- cepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to perform riveted repairs on unstayed boiler portions in accordance with es- tablished railroad practices or accepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to perform riveted repairs on stayed boiler portions in accordance with estab- lished railroad practices or accepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,000 2,000 230.35 Failure to raise temperature of steam locomotive boiler to 70 degrees F. before applying hydrostatic pressure to the boiler ...... 1,000 2,000 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers: (a) Failure to perform hydrostatic test of boiler as required ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to properly perform hydrostatic test ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to properly inspect boiler after conducting hydrostatic test above MAWP ...... 1,500 3,000 230.37 Failure to perform proper steam test or inspection of boiler after completion of repair or al- teration to boiler ...... 1,000 2,000 230.38 Telltale holes: (a) Failure to have telltale holes as required in staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to have proper telltale holes in reduced body staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to keep telltales holes when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 230.39 Broken staybolts: (a) Boiler in service with excess number of broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to replace staybolts when required to do so; to properly replace staybolts when so required; to inspect adjacent staybolts when replacing broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to count leaking, plugged, or missing telltale holes as broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (d) Closing telltale holes by prohibited means ...... 1,500 3,000 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing: (a) Failure to hammer test staybolts when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly hammer test staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps: (a) Failure to inspect flexible staybolts as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to replace broken flexible staybolts; failure to close inner ends of telltale holes as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to report removal of flexible staybolts caps and other tests on FRA Form No. 3 when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Failure to remove staybolt caps or otherwise test when FRA inspector or steam loco- motive owner and/or operator consider it necessary to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 230.42 Failure to have accurate boiler steam gauge where engine crew can conveniently read .... 2,000 4,000 230.43 Failure to have gauge siphon of proper capacity on steam gauge supply pipe; failure to properly clean, maintain the steam gauge supply pipe ...... 1,000 2,000 230.44 Failure to test steam gauge when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 230.45 Failure to properly test and/or set steam gauge ...... 1,000 2,000 230.46 Failure to attach to boiler backhead metal badge plate showing allowable steam pressure 1,000 1,500 230.47 Boiler Number: (a) (b) (c) Failure to stamp builder’s number on boiler when number is known ...... 1,000 1,500 230.48 Number and capacity of safety relief valves: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive boiler with proper safety relief valves ...... 2,500 5,000 (b) Failure to provide additional safety relief valve capacity when so required ...... 3,000 6,000 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves: (a) Safety relief valve(s) set and/or adjusted by person not competent to do so ...... 2,500 5,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(b) Safety relief valve(s) not set to open at prescribed pressure(s) ...... 2,500 5,000 (c) Safety relief valve(s) not properly set ...... 3,000 6,000 (d) Set pressure of lowest safety relief valve not properly indicated ...... 1,000 2,000 230.50 Failure to test and adjust safety relief valves when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.51 Failure to equip steam locomotive boiler with at least 2 properly installed water glasses .... 1,000 2,000 230.52 Failure to properly equip water glasses ...... 2,000 4,000 230.53 Failure to properly clean water glass valves and/or gauge cocks when required to do so .. 1,000 2,000 230.54 Testing and maintenance: (a) Failure to properly test water glasses and/or gauge cocks ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly maintain gauge cocks, water column drain valves, and/or water glass valves ...... 1,500 3,000 230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator glasses and shields: (a) Failure to renew tubular type water glasses as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly shield tubular water glasses and/or lubricator glasses ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to properly locate and/or maintain water glasses and/or water glass shields ...... 1,000 2,000 230.56 Failure to equip water glass with suitable lamp ...... 1,000 2,000 230.57 Injectors and feedwater pumps: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive with proper means for delivering water to the boiler 3,000 6,000 (b) Failure to properly test and/or maintain injectors, feedwater pumps, boiler checks, de- livery pipes, feed water pipes, tank hose, tank valves ...... 2,500 5,000 (c) Failure to properly brace injectors, feedwater pumps, and/or associated piping ...... 1,000 2,000 230.58 Flue plugs: (a) Plugging flue plugs when not otherwise permitted ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Improperly plugging flue plugs, when otherwise permitted ...... 1,000 2,000 230.59 Failure to remove and properly clean fusible boiler plugs when required to do so; failure to properly note removal ...... 1,500 3,000 230.60 Time of washing: (a) Failure to thoroughly wash boiler when required to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to remove washout plugs, arch tube plugs, thermic siphon plugs, circulator plugs, water bar plugs when washing locomotive boiler ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to examine and/or properly maintain washout plugs washout plug sleeves, threaded openings ...... 1,500 3,000 (d) Failure to clean fusible plugs when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic siphons: (a) Failure to clean, wash, inspect arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic si- phons as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to renew arch tubes, water bar tubes; failure to repair or renew circulators, thermic siphons when required ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to properly inspect and/or replace as necessary arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators ...... 1,500 3,000 230.62 Failure to properly inspect and/or repair or replace as necessary dry pipes subject to pressure ...... 2,500 5,000 230.63 Failure to properly inspect smoke box, steam pipes, pressure parts when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.64 Failure to remove from service steam locomotive boiler leaking under lagging from condi- tion which may reduce safety and/or repair the boiler before returning to service ...... 1,500 3,000 230.65 Failure to keep steam locomotive boiler, piping, appurtenances in repair so steam does not obscure vision ...... 1,000 2,000 230.66 Failure to properly oversee general design, construction, maintenance of steam loco- motive(s) and tender(s) ...... 1,000 2,000 230.67 Failure to ensure all steam locomotives and tenders are properly inspected and repaired and/or all defects are properly repaired and steam locomotive and/or tender are in good condi- tion, safe and suitable for service before being returned to service ...... 2,500 5,000 230.68 Failure to equip steam locomotive that operates in excess of 20 miles per hour over the general system with speed indicator maintained to ensure accurate functioning ...... 1,000 1,500 230.69 Failure to equip steam locomotive with properly supported ash pan with operating mecha- nism that may be safely operated and securely closed ...... 1,000 2,000 230.70 Safe condition: (a) Failure to perform proper pre-departure inspection when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly equip steam locomotive with brake pipe valve clearly identified as ‘‘Emergency Brake Valve’’ ...... 1,000 2,000 230.71 Orifice testing of air compressors:. (a)(b): Failure to properly test and/or maintain air compressor(s) capacity ...... 1,000 2,000 230.72 Testing main reservoirs: (a) Failure to properly test main reservoir(s) when required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Impermissibly or improperly drilling main reservoir ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Impermissibly using NDE method to measure wall thickness of main reservoir ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Failure to use appropriate method of NDE testing of wall thickness of welded or riv- eted longitudinal lap seam main reservoir(s); failure to withdraw main reservoir(s) from service when testing reveals insufficient wall thickness ...... 1,500 3,000 230.73 Air gauges: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive with properly located air gauge(s) that are no more than 3 psi in error ...... 1,000 1,500

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Willful Section Violation violation

(b) Failure to test air gauge(s) when so required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Failure to properly test air gauge(s) ...... 1,000 1,500 230.74 Failure to properly clean and/or test all air brake valves, related dirt collectors, filters when required to do so ...... 1,000 1,500 230.75 Failure to properly stencil or display date of testing and cleaning and initials of shop or sta- tion performing work ...... 1,000 1,500 230.76 Piston travel: (a) Insufficient minimum piston travel ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Excessive piston travel when steam locomotive is stationary ...... 1,000 2,000 230.77 Foundation brake gear: (a) Failure to properly maintain foundation brake gear ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Foundation brake gear less than 2.5 inches above rail ...... 1,000 2,000 230.78 Leakage: (a): (1) Failure to test for leakage from main reservoir or related piping as required ... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to repair excessive leakage from main reservoir or related piping leak- age ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to test for brake cylinder as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c): (1) Failure to test for leakage from steam locomotive brake pipe as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Failure to repair excessive brake pipe leakage ...... 1,000 2,000 230.79 Train signal system: (1) Failure to test the train signal system or other form of on-board communica- tion as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to repair train signal system or other on-board communication when not safe or suitable for service ...... 1,000 1,500 230.80 Cabs: (a) Steam locomotive cab not safe and suitable for service ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Steam pipes: Construction, attachment ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Oil-burning steam locomotive, cab-enclosed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.81 Cab aprons: (a) Cab apron, general provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Cab apron, insufficient width ...... 1,000 1,500 230.82 Fire doors: (a) Safe and suitable for service, general provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Construction and maintenance of mechanically operated fire doors ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Construction and maintenance of hand-operated fire doors ...... 1,000 2,000 230.83 Cylinder cocks: (1) Failure to properly equip with cylinder cocks ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to properly maintain cylinder cocks ...... 1,000 1,500 230.84 Sanders: (1) Inoperable sanders ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to test sanders ...... 1,000 1,500 230.85 Audible warning devices: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Sound level measurements, Failure to properly take ...... 1,000 1,500 230.86 Required illumination: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Dimming device, Failure to properly equip with ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Multiple locomotives, Failure of lead locomotive to display headlight ...... 1,000 1,500 230.87 Cab lights: Failure to properly equip with ...... 1,000 2,000 230.88 Throttles: Failure to properly maintain, equip ...... 1,000 2,000 230.89 Reverse gear: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Air-operated power reverse gear ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs ...... 1,000 2,000 230.90 Draw gear and draft systems: (a) Maintenance and testing ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Safety bars and chains, general ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Safety bars and chains, minimum length ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Lost motion between steam locomotive and tender ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Spring buffers: Improper application, compression ...... 1,000 1,500 230.91 Chafing irons: Improper application, maintenance ...... 1,000 1,500 230.92 Draw gear, draft systems: Improperly maintained, fastened ...... 1,000 1,500 230.93 Pistons and piston rods: (a) Failure to properly inspect, maintain, renew ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Fasteners: Failure to keep tight, properly equip ...... 1,000 2,000 230.94 Crossheads: Improperly maintained, excess clearance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.95 Guides: Failure to securely fasten, properly maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 230.96 Main, side, valve motion rods: (a) General ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Repairs. (1) Failure to make in accordance with accepted national standard ...... 1,000 2,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(2) Failure to submit written request for approval prior to welding ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Bearings and bushings ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Rod side motion: Excessive motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Oil, grease cups: Failure to securely fasten, properly equip ...... 1,000 1,500 (f) Main rod bearings: (1) excessive bore ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) excessive lost motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (g) Side rod bearings, excessive bore ...... 1,000 1,500 230.97 Crank pins: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Maintenance: Failure to maintain in safe, suitable condition ...... 1,000 2,000 230.98 Driving, trailing, engine truck axles: (a) Condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Journal diameter: Failure to stamp on end of axle ...... 750 1,000 230.99 Tender truck axle: Insufficient diameter ...... 1,000 2,000 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and journals: (a) Tender truck axle condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Tender truck journal condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal boxes: (a) Driving journal boxes: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Broken bearings: Failure to renew ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Loose bearings: Failure to repair or renew ...... 1,000 2,000 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes: Failure to repair ...... 1,000 1,500 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 230.105 Lateral motion: (a) Condemning limits: Total lateral motion in excess of ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Limits exceeded, failure to demonstrate conditions require additional lateral motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Interferes with other parts of steam locomotive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.106 Steam locomotive frame: (a) Failure to properly inspect and/or maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Broken frames, not properly patched or secured ...... 2,500 5,000 230.107 Tender frame and body: (a) Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Height difference between tender deck and steam locomotive cab floor or deck exces- sive ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Gangway minimum width excessive ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Tender frame condemning defects ...... 1,500 3,000 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trailing trucks: (a) Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Safety chain, suitable safety chain not provided ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Insufficient truck clearance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.109 Tender trucks: (a): (1) Tender truck frames ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Tender truck center plate ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Tender truck bolsters: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Condemning defects, springs and/or spring rigging ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Truck securing arrangement: Not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Side bearings, truck centering devices ...... 1,000 2,000 (f) Friction side bearings: Run in contact ...... 1,000 2,000 (g): (1) Side bearings, failure to equip rear trucks with ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Insufficient clearance of ...... 1,000 2,000 230.110 Pilots: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Clearance, insufficient or excessive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.111 Spring rigging: (a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 230.112 Wheels and tires: (a) Improperly Mounted, excess variance in axle diameter ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Out of gage ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Flange distance variance, excessive ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Tire thickness, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 (e) Tire width, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 230.113 Wheels and tire defects: (1) Failure to repair ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Welding on, except as otherwise provided for ...... 1,500 3,000 (a) Cracks or breaks in ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Flat spots ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Chipped flange ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Broken rim ...... 1,000 2,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(e) Shelled-out spots ...... 1,000 2,000 (f) Seams ...... 1,000 2,000 (g) Worn flanges, excessive wear ...... 1,000 2,000 (h) Worn treads, excessive wear ...... 1,000 2,000 (i) Flange height, insufficient or excessive ...... 1,000 2,000 (j) Rim thickness, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 (k) Wheel diameter, excessive variance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.114 Wheel centers: (a) Filling blocks and shims ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Wheel center condemning limits, failure to repair ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Wheel center repairs ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Counterbalance maintenance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.115 Feed water tanks: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Inspection frequency, failure to inspect as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Top of tender: Improperly maintained and/or equipped ...... 1,000 1,500 230.116 Oil tanks: (1) Failure to properly maintain ...... 2,500 5,000 (2) Failure to equip with complying safety cut-off device ...... 5,000 7,500 1 Failure to observe any condition for movement set forth in § 230.12 will deprive the railroad of the benefit of the movement- for-repair provision and make the railroad and any responsible individuals liable for penalty under the particular regulatory sec- tion(s) concerning the substantive defect(s) present on the locomotive at the time of movement. Failure to comply with § 230.12 will result in the lapse of any affected waiver.

PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY 231.24 Box and other house cars with roofs, 16 feet 10 inches or more above top of APPLIANCE STANDARDS rail. 231.25 Track motorcars (self-propelled 4- Sec. wheel cars which can be removed from 231.0 Applicability and penalties. the rails by men). 231.1 Box and other house cars built or 231.26 Pushcars. placed in service before October 1, 1966. 231.27 Box and other house cars without 231.2 Hopper cars and high-side gondolas roof hatches or placed in service after with fixed ends. October 1, 1966. 231.3 Drop-end high-side gondola cars. 231.28 Box and other house cars with roof 231.4 Fixed-end low-side gondola and low- hatches built or placed in service after side hopper cars. October 1, 1966. 231.5 Drop-end low-side gondola cars. 231.29 Road locomotives with corner stair- 231.6 Flat cars. ways. 231.7 Tank cars with side platforms. 231.30 Locomotives used in switching serv- 231.8 Tank cars without side sills and tank ice. cars with short side sills and end plat- 231.31 Drawbars for freight cars; standard forms. height. 231.9 Tank cars without end sills. APPENDIX A TO PART 231—SCHEDULE OF CIVIL 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. PENALTIES 231.11 Caboose cars without platforms. 231.12 Passenger-train cars with wide vesti- AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 20102–20103, 20107, bules. 20131, 20301–20303, 21301–21302, 21304; 28 U.S.C. 231.13 Passenger-train cars with open-end 2461, note; and 49 CFR 1.49. platforms. SOURCE: 33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, unless 231.14 Passenger-train cars without end otherwise noted. platforms. 231.15 Steam locomotives used in road serv- NOTE: Where rivets or bolts are required in ice. this part 231 a two-piece steel rivet may be 231.16 Steam locomotives used in switching used consisting of: service. (a) A solid shank of one-half (1⁄2) inch min- 231.17 Specifications common to all steam imum diameter steel or material of equal or locomotives. greater strength having cold forged head on 231.18 Cars of special construction. one end, a shank length for material thick- 231.19 Definition of ‘‘Right’’ and ‘‘Left.’’ ness fastened, locking grooves, breakneck 231.20 Variation in size permitted. groove and pull grooves (all annular grooves) 231.21 Tank cars without underframes. on the opposite end. 231.22 Operation of track motor cars. (b) A collar of similar material which is 231.23 Unidirectional passenger-train cars cold swaged into the locking grooves form- adaptable to van-type semi-trailer use. ing a head for the opposite end of item (a)

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