Prepared for: Lake Lillinonah Authority

Prepared by: CCA, LLC 40 Old New Milford Road Brookfield, CT 06804 203-775-6207

Penelope C. Sharp 225 Reeds Gap Road East Northford, CT 06472

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS DUE TO NGS’S PROPOSAL TO CHANGE OPERATING LEVELS OF LAKE LILLINONAH

Prepared on May 26, 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS x INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………1 x WATER LEVEL DOCUMENTATION……………………………….2 o Graph 1999…………………………………………………….….4 o Graph 2000………………………………………………………..5 o Graph 2001………………………………………………………..6 o Graph Marked……………………………………….…………….7 x EROSION………………………………………………………………...8 o Erosion Pictures…………………………………………………...9 x SHORELINE VEGETATION & HABITAT………………………….19 o Vegetation & Habitat Pictures……………………………………21 x APENDIX………………………………………………………………. o GPS Coordinates……………………………………………….. o GPS Map………………………………………………………. o Pictures with Comments……………………………………… o Miscellaneous…………………………………………………… INTRODUCTION

On May 9, 2006 an investigation of the Lake Lillinonah shoreline was conducted by Sara Howard of CCA LLC, Shannon Young of the Lake Lillinonah Association, and Penelope C. Sharp, Environmental Consultant. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the lake shores and to determine the potential impact upon lakefront habitats that may result from the potential rise in surface water levels should the current lake management patterns be altered. The investigation was conducted by boat and the entire shoreline was viewed. Approximately nineteen stops were made and photographs taken. To provide an accurate picture of future potential water levels, a traffic cone or orange stake was placed at the water’s edge in such a way as to depict the anticipated water level, which is approximately 2.3 feet above the current maximum level. The results of this survey indicate that much of the shoreline that is currently above the water line will become inundated as a result of a change in the current operating levels.

The next section of this report discusses in detail the anticipated changes in water levels and contrasts the existing maximum and minimum operating conditions with those that will result under the proposed operating plan. Successive sections of the report discuss potential adverse environmental impacts that will likely result in a change to mean water levels within Lake Lillinonah. WATER LEVEL DOCUMENTATION & DISCUSSION:

History and Existing Conditions:

The Lake Lillinonah Authority is in general agreement with the way the lake is operated and wishes to continue to see the lake levels remain so in the future. The operating conditions related to the lake levels are part of the existing FERC permit. Therefore one can deduce that if the new FERC license is granted with similar operating conditions the lake levels “could” be managed as they have in the past. The problem with this conclusion is the word “could”. The Lake Lillinonah Authority requests the license be issued with the condition that the lake levels “will” be operated as in the past.

Put in these terms, the issue seems simplistic. However the reality is far more complex and the impacts are far-reaching. The impacts include the potential destruction by flooding of wetlands, the killing of thousands of shoreline trees by inundation, the potential for miles of shoreline erosion and more than likely many other related impacts not discussed herein.

The NGS application to FERC specifically states that the applicant wishes to change the current operating conditions - the Lake Lillinonah Authority adamantly opposes this change.

Operating Water Levels: CL&P Datum NGVD Datum Maximum licensed operating elevation 200.0 198.3 Minimum operating elevation 195.5 193.8 Drawdown (not including winter drawdown) 4.5 feet 4.5 feet Note: It is our understanding that the above applies to both the existing license and the current application.

Daily Water Level Graphs:

Attached are graphs prepared from data submitted by NGS as a part of the license application. The graphs chart the daily maximum and minimum water level for the years 1999, 2000 and 2001. These three years were chosen since the data was readily available. We suggest that more years be supplied by the applicant at the request of FERC.

A review of the graphs indicate the following:

x The maximum licensed water level of 198.3 NGVD (200.0 CL&P) was never exceeded. x In 1999 and the first part of 2000 the minimum operating water levels were frequently below the minimum licensed level of 193.8 NGVD (195.5 CL&P). x In the latter part of 2000 and throughout 2001 the operating water levels were tightened and generally stayed above the 193.8 NGVD (195.5 CL&P) levels. We assume the infrequent times below this level was storm or maintenance related. x By visual inspection it is apparent that the midpoint of the data is approximately elevation 195. x During 2001 the lake was generally operated between the elevation of 194 and 196.5 NGVD (195.7 and 198.2 CL&P). x The large drops indicate winter drawdown and should be excluded in any meaningfully data analysis. x Included with the graphs is a marked up year 2001 indicating what we believe NGS is requesting relative to operating levels. This is based on NGS’s application and supporting documentation that request FERC approval for an operating level starting at the maximum level. As can be seen on this graph, there is a substantial change from the existing operating conditions. As stated previously, the Lake Lillinonah Authority is vehemently opposed to this change.

Using surveying instruments, CCA, LLC surveyors shot elevations of the water and benchmarks at the Route 133 bridge and confirmed that the elevation provided by CL&P on May 9, 2006 was consistent with published NGVD data.

The Solution:

Require the lake management to operate the lake in the future as it has in the past. The maximum and minimum operating conditions can remain generally the same. Require the future mean water levels to remain approximately equal to the past mean water level. Lake Lillinonah - Daily Water Levels 1999

200

Daily max. Daily min.

198

196

194 Elevation NGVD

192

190

188 Jan-99 Feb-99 Mar-99 Apr-99 May-99 Jun-99 Jul-99 Aug-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Nov-99 Dec-99 Lake Lillinonah - Daily Water Levels 2000

200

Daily max. Daily min.

198

196

194 Elevation NGVD

192

190

188 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00 Aug-00 Sep-00 Oct-00 Nov-00 Dec-00 Lake Lillinonah - Daily Water Levels 2001

200

Daily max. Daily min.

198

196

194 Elevation NGVD

192

190

188 Jan-01 Feb-01 Mar-01 Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01 Oct-01 Nov-01 Dec-01 Lake Lillinonah - Showing existing daily water levels in 2001 and illustration of water levels proposed by NGS under license application. 200 Proposed operating range Daily max. Daily min. Max. water elev. 198.3 NGVD 198 Prop Mean

196

Ex. Mean 194 Min. water elev. 193.8 NGVD

Elevation NGVD Existing operating range 192

Typical winter drawdown

190

188 Jan-01 Feb-01 Mar-01 Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01 Jul-01 Aug-01 Sep-01 Oct-01 Nov-01 Dec-01

EROSION:

History and Existing Conditions:

Erosion is the detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice and gravity. Erosion is normally reduced or prevented by the establishment of vegetation and by structurally armoring the slope with stone or rock.

There are currently numerous sites throughout the lake where the action of waves and wakes create erosion along the shoreline. This erosion can be considered normal. In addition to the normal erosion expected in a lake of this size, a fluctuating water level increases the amount of shoreline exposed to wave action and therefore creates addition erosion along the shore. Photograph # 38, highlights this existing erosion.

A zone of erosion and a “normal” shoreline has been established over several decades of the lake being operated at generally stable levels. Vegetation that has established within this shoreline zone is tolerant of the existing condition. This process has taken many years and in places along the shoreline plant and animal communities have been established based on the past operating lake water levels. Photograph # 56 indicates these areas (see appendix.)

There are some sites where more significant erosion is occurring. This erosion is related to the instability of the soils along the edge of the lake. Granular soils have a natural angle of repose, the angle at which a soil will remain stable. Submerging the soils reduces the shear strength within the soils and lowers the angle of repose. Therefore some soils that close to their natural angle of repose and above the water level prior to the lake being constructed are now below the water and have become unstable. As the submerged soils become unstable, they slough-off and form a new, reduced angle of repose. The soils above these areas are affected by the soils below and become unstable. Photographs # 33, 40, 41, 43, 45, 47 indicate this occurrence.

The Effects of Approving the Operating Conditions:

The existing shoreline took decades to become established in its present form. By approving a change to the lake level operating conditions and the consequent rise of water levels, the current shoreline will be flooded and the re-establishment of a stable shoreline is likely to take further decades. It is our opinion that the erosion mentioned above will significantly increase as vegetation dies due to being submerged and saturated. The shoreline vegetation will be completely submerged and consequently killed increasing the erosion potential along the shore. As large trees die over the course of several years they will topple into the lake and the stump/root system will expose unprotected soils to the forces of erosion. A new and higher lake level will negate the benefit of the decades it took to establish the existing shoreline vegetation. The area where the erosion is occurring due to the instability of the soils will intensify. Additional soils will be submerged, become unstable and create additional unstable slopes subject to additional erosion.

In summary, the operating conditions for the lake are not ideal, but the past performance has established a shoreline that is generally acceptable. Changing the operating conditions will negate a natural process that took decades to form a stabilized shoreline and will initiate the process again.

The Solution:

Require the lake management to operate the lake in the future as it has in the past. The maximum and minimum operating conditions can remain generally the same. Require the future mean water level to remain approximately equal to the past mean water level. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 11 -

POINT: 39 GPS: N41°33'03.0" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: Abutting Grove Street on the East side of the lake in New Milford COMMENTS: (Erosion) This section of shoreline was unstable and attempts have been made to stabilize the slope with rock. It is our understanding that the drawdown of the lake has contributed to the instability of this slope. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 12 -

POINT: 39 GPS: N41°33'03.0" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: Abutting Grove Street on the East side of the lake in New Milford COMMENTS: Close-up view of the previous photograph. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 14 -

POINT: 39 GPS: N41°33'03.0" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: Abutting Grove Street on the East side of the lake in New Milford COMMENTS: Note the gabions (wire baskets filled with rock) used to aid in stabilizing the slope. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 33 -

POINT: 46 GPS COORDINATE: N41°30'43.1" W73°23'05.0" LOCATION: East side of the lake in Bridgewater COMMENTS: (erosion) Note the slope erosion which started at the waters edge and worked upslope. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 38 -

POINT: 49 GPS COORDINATE: N41°28'34.5" W73°20'08.7" LOCATION: Southeast of the bridge in Bridgewater COMMENTS: (erosion) Note the shoreline erosion due in part to boat wakes. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 40 -

POINT: 51 GPS COORDINATE: N41°29'21.3" W73°19'31.3" LOCATION: Mid section of the Shepaug River segment of the lake COMMENTS: (erosion) Note the slope erosion. Failure due to submergence of the lower portion of the slope. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 41 -

POINT: 51 GPS COORDINATE: N41°29'21.3" W73°19'31.3" LOCATION: Mid section of the Shepaug River segment of the lake COMMENTS: (erosion) See comments from previous photograph. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 43 -

POINT: 51 GPS COORDINATE: N41°29'21.3" W73°19'31.3" LOCATION: Mid section of the Shepaug River segment of the lake COMMENTS: (erosion) Note the slope failure. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 45 -

POINT: 53 GPS COORDINATE: N41°28'24.2" W73°18'55.7" LOCATION: Housing development on the East shore of the Shepaug River COMMENTS: (erosion) Note the slope failure and subsequent erosion. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 47 -

POINT: 53 GPS COORDINATE: N41°28'24.2" W73°18'55.7" LOCATION: Housing development on the East shore of the Shepaug River COMMENTS: (erosion) Slope failure and subsequent erosion. Note woody debris. SHORELINE VEGETATION and HABITAT:

History and Existing Conditions:

For much of its length, the shoreline of Lake Lillinonah is characterized by a forested shoreline that rises relatively quickly in elevation from the water’s edge. For a number of years, water levels have been managed and maintained well below the maximum level of 198.3 NGVD with only rare instances of water levels at 198.3 ft NGDV. In a typical year, the lake is drawn down during November and water levels drop to a range between 188 and 189 ft NGDV.

The shoreline has adapted to the current management system, and despite some undermining of their root systems, the shoreline trees, for the most part, appear to be vigorous and healthy. Dominant tree species along the shoreline include red oak (Quercus rubra), white oak (Q. alba), black birch (Betula lenta), red maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A saccharum), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). Other observed species growing at the water’s edge include American beech (Fagus grandifolia), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), gray birch (Betula populifolia), shad (Amelanchier sp.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), and slippery elm (Ulmus rubra). With the exception of red maple, which can tolerate flooding during part of the growing season, the shoreline trees consist primarily of upland species that are intolerant to extended periods of flooding. As a result of a rise in water levels, most of these trees will ultimately die and likely topple into the lake. As a result of the massive die-off, considerable woody debris will be in the lake creating a hazard to boaters and recreational users.

In the area known as “Lover’s Leap,” steep cliff faces descend to the water’s edge. The crevices within the cliff faces are lush with ferns and wildflowers including columbine (Aquilegia canadensis), early saxifrage (Saxifraga virginiensis), common polypody (Polypodium virginianum), and maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes). Although not observed during the investigation, it is quite possible that the calcareous cliff faces also support wallrue spleenwort (Asplenium ruta-muraria) and slender cliff- brake (Cryptogramma stelleri) State-Threatened and State Endangered respectively. A thorough botanical inventory of the lower cliff faces should be conducted before any rise in water levels is considered due to the potential presence of State-listed species.

Two islands were observed within Lake Lillinonah, Goodyear Island and Poison Ivy Island. Both of these will become diminished in size and will also lose vegetation should the water levels be increased. These islands serve as waterfowl nesting spots and provide good habitat for other wildlife species as they are likely to be predator-free.

The Effects of Approving the Operating Conditions:

As indicated above, the shoreline will be adversely impacted by the die-off of countless trees. Potential loss is estimated to be tens of thousands of trees. It is unlikely that the Northeast Generation System’s Debris Management Plan will be able to cope with the woody debris that is likely to be within the lake should the water levels be allowed to rise to new heights. Some wetlands along the shoreline will become inundated and water levels within the wetlands will change. This will result in changes to species composition and alteration of existing wetland ecology. Habitat loss for waterfowl, shorebirds and wading birds is another potential consequence of wetland alteration. Additional habitat loss will occur on the islands as they will become reduced in size.

The Solution:

Require the lake management to operate the lake in the future as it has in the past. The maximum and minimum operating conditions can remain generally the same. Require the future mean water level to remain approximately equal to the past mean water level.

It is our opinion, that the current shoreline is established at approximately 196 NGVD. We believe that non-boating months should have a normal maximum water level of 196.5 NGVD to avoid gross death to vegetation and trees. During the boating season we suggest a reduced maximum water level due to boat wakes. We recommend a normal maximum elevation of approximately 195.5 NGVD be established to prevent erosion and vegetation death during the boating season. Flood control, as directed by the appropriate state or federal agency would be an exception to the above recommendations. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 1 -

POINT: 41 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'55.8" W73°24'37.2" LOCATION: Located on the West side of the lake opposite Grove Street COMMENTS: Rise in water levels will flood the marsh and drown trees and shrubs shown in background. This will alter the existing ecology of the wetland and result in probable erosion of the shoreline. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 6 -

POINT: 38 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" LOCATION: Across from West Cove Marina located slightly South of the dam. COMMENTS: Shoreline shrubs currently anchor the sandy soils. Rise in water levels is likely to result in death of shrubs and erosion of the substrate. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 7 -

POINT:38 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" LOCATION: Across from West Cove Marina located slightly South of the dam. COMMENTS: Wider view of the previous photograph. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 8 -

POINT: 38 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" LOCATION: Across from West Cove Marina located slightly South of the dam COMMENTS: This tree, like many along the shoreline, is subject to scour and some undermining of its root system. A rise in water elevation will exacerbate existing conditions resulting in complete erosion under the root system and eventual death of this large oak tree. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 9 -

POINT: 38 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" LOCATION: Across from West Cove Marina located slightly South of the dam COMMENTS: Close-up of the previous photograph. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 15 -

POINT: 40 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'17.2" W73°24'26.0" LOCATION: Addis Park located in New Milford on the Northeast side of the lake COMMENTS: This town park will be inundated and its trees will likely die off should water levels rise to anticipated levels. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 16 -

POINT: 40 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'17.2" W73°24'26.0" LOCATION: Addis Park located in New Milford on the Northeast side of the lake COMMENTS: Wider view of the previous photograph. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 17 -

POINT: 40 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'17.2" W73°24'26.0" LOCATION: Addis Park located in New Milford on the Northeast side of the lake COMMENTS: This section of Addis Park is a wetland dominated by common scouring rush (Equisetum hyemale). Flooding of the wetland is likely to result in changes in species composition and loss of marshland habitat as much of the existing wetland will lie under water. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 22 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT COMMENTS: Calcareous cliff face with lush mix of ferns and wild flowers. These cliffs should be thoroughly searched for the possible presence of State-listed species prior to alterations to current shoreline management practices. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 23 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT COMMENTS: Calcareous cliff face with lush mix of ferns and wild flowers. These cliffs should be thoroughly searched for the possible presence of State-listed species prior to alterations to current shoreline management practices. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 28 -

POINT: 45 GPS COORDINATE: N41°31'15.0" W73°23'49.9" LOCATION: Poison Ivy Island COMMENTS: Portions of Poison Ivy Island will become submerged resulting in reduced area and habitat loss. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 29 -

POINT: 45 GPS COORDINATE: N41°31'15.0" W73°23'49.9" LOCATION: Poison Ivy Island COMMENTS: Portions of Poison Ivy Island will become submerged resulting in reduced area and habitat loss. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 34 -

POINT: 47 GPS COORDINATE: N41°29'06.1" W73°21'51.9" LOCATION: Located in Brookfield on the West side of the lake COMMENTS: Photograph depicts forested shoreline. Rise in water levels will inundate the shoreline trees which are primarily species that do not tolerate flooding. All trees in photograph are expected to die off if water levels rise an additional 2 + feet. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 35 -

POINT: 47 GPS COORDINATE: N41°29'06.1" W73°21'51.9" LOCATION: Located in Brookfield on the West side of the lake COMMENTS: See comments related to previous photograph. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 36 -

POINT: 48 GPS COORDINATE: N41°28'55.5" W73°21'30.6" LOCATION: Just Northwest of the bridge on RT 133 COMMENTS: Photograph depicts forested shoreline. Rise in water levels will inundate the shoreline trees which are primarily species that do not tolerate flooding. All trees in photograph are expected to die off if water levels rise an additional 2 + feet. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 39 -

POINT: 51 GPS COORDINATE: N41°29'21.3" W73°19'31.3" LOCATION: Mid section of the Shepaug River segment of the lake COMMENTS: Photograph illustrating undermining of banks. Rise in water levels will intensify this problem and result in further erosion and loss of trees. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 42 -

POINT: 51 GPS COORDINATE: N41°29'21.3" W73°19'31.3" LOCATION: Mid section of the Shepaug River segment of the lake COMMENTS: Photograph depicting severe erosion of sandy soils. This problem can be expected to increase if trees along steep shorelines are undermined, uprooted and damaged by inundation. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 44 -

POINT: 52 GPS COORDINATE: N41°28'22.1" W73°19'05.7" LOCATION: West shore of the Southern section of the Shepaug River sector COMMENTS: Photograph depicting severe erosion of sandy soils. This problem can be expected to increase if trees along steep shorelines are undermined, uprooted and damaged by inundation. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 46 -

POINT: 53 GPS COORDINATE: N41°28'24.2" W73°18'55.7" LOCATION: Housing development on the East shore of the Shepaug River COMMENTS: Photograph depicting severe erosion of sandy soils. This problem can be expected to increase if trees along steep shorelines are undermined, uprooted and damaged by inundation. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 48 -

POINT: 54 GPS COORDINATE: N41°27'37.1" W73°17'47.7" LOCATION: Waldo State Park located on the East shore COMMENTS: Relatively flat area with large trees will be periodically inundated. Most of the trees in photograph are likely to die as a result of flooding. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 49 -

POINT: 54 GPS COORDINATE: N41°27'37.1" W73°17'47.7" LOCATION: Waldo State Park located on the East shore COMMENTS: (erosion) Typical shoreline erosion due to varying water levels and boat wakes. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 50 -

POINT: 55 GPS COORDINATE: N41°27'23.9" W73°18'12.6" LOCATION: West side of the lake in Newtown COMMENTS: Photograph showing oak trees at shoreline. Water level rise will flood tree roots and result in death of the oak trees. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 51 -

POINT: 55 GPS COORDINATE: N41°27'23.9" W73°18'12.6" LOCATION: West side of the lake in Newtown COMMENTS: Photograph showing oak trees at shoreline. Water level rise will flood tree roots and result in death of the oak trees. APPENDIX Penelope C. Sharp ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT 225 Reeds Gap Road East 8 Northford, CT 06472 Telephone/Facsimile (203) 484-0134

RESUME

Professional Certification

Society of Wetland Scientists Certification Program, Inc. Professional Wetland Scientist, Number 000497.

Employment

10/81 -present: Private consulting on evaluation of inland wetlands including comprehensive town-wide assessments for Towns of Westport and Simsbury; town-wide resource inventories of privately-owned open space parcels and water company lands in the Town of Redding for Redding Open Lands, Inc. and the Redding Land Trust; inventory of property belonging to Greenwich Land Trust; botanical inventory of the West River for Yale University; individual site evaluations of wetlands in towns throughout Connecticut and southern Westchester County; Site Plan Reviews and Wetland Monitoring for South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority; Coastal Site Plan Reviews for properties in Stamford, New Haven, Milford; tidal wetland evaluation and restoration in East Haven and West Haven; preparation of Conservation and Research Plans for Endangered Plant Species; and member of Lake Whitney Water Treatment Plant Environmental Study Team.

4/90 - 7/91: University of New Haven. Adjunct Faculty in Environmental Sciences. “Terrestrial and Wetland Ecology.”

7/79 - 12/89: Town of Wilton, Connecticut. Director of Conservation. Duties included preparation of site analyses on site plan, subdivision, and wetlands applications, interaction with state and other town agencies, presentation of environmental information to the public. Also, preparation of Open Space Plan and interpretive field brochures for town-owned park lands, supervision of volunteeers and preparation of department budget.

9/79 - 6/81: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Associate Editor, Yale Forest School News.

6/78 - 9/79: Connecticut Council on Environmental Quality, Hartford, Connecticut. Environmental Intern. Duties included analysis of proposed state transportation corridors and power facilities siting for environmental impact. Preparation of site plan review for all projects studied.

11/76 - 7/77: Connecticut Coastal Area Management Program, Department of Environmental Protection. Environmental Intern. Duties included research, scripting, and photography for slide presentation on historical trends and current problems in land use along Connecticut’s coastline. Also editor for CAM publication entitled “Long Island Sound: An Atlas of Natural Resources.”

Education

Master of Forest Science, May, 1979 Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT Areas of concentration included ecology, botany, soils, wildlife, and resource policy. Graduate Courses in Non-degree Programs: Ornithology, Field Biology Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT. 1976 - 1977. Bachelor of Arts, 1960 Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY

Municipal Government

Town of North Branford, Connecticut

1977-78 Member, Conservation Commission 1979-83 Chairman, Conservation Commission 1978-1984 Member, Inland Wetlands and Watercourses Agency 1983-84 Member, Planning and Zoning Commission 1984-88 Chairman, Inland Wetlands Agency 2000-present Member, Inland Wetlands Agency

Directorships

2003-present Henry L. Ferguson Museum, President 2001-2004 Audubon Connecticut, Board Member and Secretary 1997-present Connecticut Association of Wetland Scientists Board Member and Treasurer 1984-2003 Connecticut Association of Conservation and Inland Wetland Commissions, Board Member 1989-2003 Rivers Advisory Committee, State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1990-1998 Recreation and Natural Heritage Trust Advisory Board, Member 1990-2000 Connecticut Fund for the Environment, Board Member 1989-1992 Natural Resource Council of Connecticut, Board Member 1977-82 Soil Conservation Society of America, Southern New England Chapter, Council Member

Technical Reports

Natural Resource Management Plan for the Bulls Bridge Area, a Site of Regional Ecological Significance, Kent/New Milford, Connecticut. Prepared for: CT DEP; NU, and NPS.

Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. (Yellow-fringed Orchis) Conservation and Research Plan. New England Plant Conservation Program, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA 2004.

Hydrastis canadensis L. (Golden-seal) Conservation and Research Plan. New England Plant Conservation Program, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA 2003.

Polymnia canadensis L. (White-flowered Leafcup) Conservation and Research Plan. New England Plant Conservation Program, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA 2002.

Carex barrattii Schwein & Torr. (Barrett’s Sedge) Conservation and Research Plan. New England Plant Conservation Program, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA 2001.

Hasteola suaveolens (Sweet Indian Plantain) Conservation and Research Plan. New England Plant Conservation Program, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA 2001.

Scoping the Waterlands, a Resource Reconnaissance of Bridgeport Hydraulic Company Lands in Redding, Connecticut, for the Town of Redding, 1991.

The Vegetation of the Thimble Islands, Branford, Connecticut, 1986. Co-author.

Open Space Plan for the Town of Wilton, 1983.

Redding Resource Reconnaissance I for Redding Open Lands, Inc., 1982

The Byram River Preserve Management Plan for The Nature Conservancy, Connecticut Chapter, 1980.

Publications and Articles

Open Space Preserves of Wilton, 1989.

A Walker’s Guide to the Wilton Area, 1988 “Nature Notes”, a bimonthly column for the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection publication, Citizen’s Bulletin, 1976-91.

“A History of New Haven Harbor” in Bulletin of the Archaelogical Society of Connecticut. Number 42, 1980.

Memberships

Connecticut Botanical Society Society of Wetland Scientists Association of State Wetland Managers Connecticut Association of Wetland Scientists

Environmental Inventory of Rare and Protected Species

Survey of Mansfield Hollow Dam and West Thompson Lake Dam, Connecticut for Rare and Protected Species and Outstanding Natural Communities (with Kenneth Metzler, Connecticut Natural Diversity Database, Department of Environmental Protection and Frank J. Dirrigl, Jr., PhD). Report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division. 1999. GPS Coordinates May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinoah

POINT COORDINATE LOCATION NOTES 22 N41°33'55.8" W73°24'37.2" The most Northern section of the lake located at the damn in New Milford 38 N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" Across from West Cove Marina located slighty South of the damn 39 N41°33'03.0" W73°24'21.3" Abbuting Grove Street on the East side of the lake in New Milford 40 N41°33'17.2" W73°24'26.0" Addis Park located in New Milford on the Northeast side of the lake 41 N41°33'00.7" W73°24'24.3" Located on the West side of the lake opposite Grove Street 42 N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford 43 N41°32'01.7" W73°24'19.8" Good Year Island 44 N41°31'40.4" W73°24'10.4" Private Residence located on the East side of the lake in Bridgewater 45 N41°31'15.0" W73°23'49.9" Poison Ivy Island 46 N41°30'43.1" W73°23'05.0" East side of the lake in Bridgewater 47 N41°29'06.1" W73°21'51.9" Located in Brookfield on the West side of the lake 48 N41°28'55.5" W73°21'30.6" Just Northwest of the bridge on RT 133 197.3' Elevation @12:35pm 49 N41°28'34.5" W73°20'08.7" Southeast of the bridge in Bridgewater 50 N41°30'15.5" W73°19'16.2" On the Northern section of the Shepaug River segment of the lake 51 N41°29'21.3" W73°19'31.3" Mid section of the Shepaug River segment of the lake 52 N41°28'22.1" W73°19'05.7" West shore of the Southern section of the Shepaug River sector 53 N41°28'24.2" W73°18'55.7" Housing development on the East shore of the Shepaug River 54 N41°27'37.1" W73°17'47.7" Waldo State Park located on the East shore 55 N41°27'23.9" W73°18'12.6" West side of the lake in Newtown

Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 3 -

POINT: 38 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" LOCATION: Across from West Cove Marina located slightly South of the dam COMMENTS: A rise in water level will submerge the dam. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 5 -

POINT: 38 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" LOCATION: Across from West Cove Marina located slightly South of the dam COMMENTS: Note the timber debris. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 10 -

POINT: 39 GPS: N41°33'03.0" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: Abutting Grove Street on the East side of the lake in New Milford COMMENTS: Rise in water will flood wall and adjacent vegetation. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 13 -

POINT: 39 GPS: N41°33'03.0" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: Abutting Grove Street on the East side of the lake in New Milford COMMENTS: Note the overhanging tree and undercut bank. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 27 -

POINT: 44 GPS COORDINATE: N41°31'40.4" W73°24'10.4" LOCATION: Private Residence located on the East side of the lake in Bridgewater COMMENTS: Note the extensive area that would flood if the water levels are raised. Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 2 -

POINT: 41 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'55.8" W73°24'37.2" LOCATION: Located on the West side of the lake opposite Grove Street Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 4 -

POINT: 38 GPS COORDINATE: N41°33'47.9" W73°24'30.5" LOCATION: Across from West Cove Marina located slightly South of the dam Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 18 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 19 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 20 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 21 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 24 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 25 -

POINT: 42 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'31.4" W73°24'21.3" LOCATION: The gorge at Lovers Leap in New Milford, CT Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 26 -

POINT: 43 GPS COORDINATE: N41°32'01.7" W73°24'19.8" LOCATION: Good Year Island Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 30 -

POINT: 45 GPS COORDINATE: N41°31'15.0" W73°23'49.9" LOCATION: Poison Ivy Island Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 31 -

POINT: 45 GPS COORDINATE: N41°31'15.0" W73°23'49.9" LOCATION: Poison Ivy Island Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 32 -

POINT: 45 GPS COORDINATE: N41°31'15.0" W73°23'49.9" LOCATION: Poison Ivy Island Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 37 -

POINT: 48 GPS COORDINATE: N41°28'55.5" W73°21'30.6" LOCATION: Just Northwest of the bridge on RT 133 Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 52 -

WILDLIFE Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 53 -

WILDLIFE Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 54 -

WILDLIFE Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 55 -

WILDLIFE Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 56 -

WILDLIFE Photographed on May 9, 2006 Lake Lillinonah Picture - 57 -

WILDLIFE