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And Its Parasitoids from the Genus Coccophagus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with Description of a New Species from Tamaulipas, México
Myartseva et al.: Parasitoids of Parasaissetia nigra in Mexico 1015 PARASAISSETIA NIGRA (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) AND ITS PARASITOIDS FROM THE GENUS COCCOPHAGUS (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO SVETLANA NIKOLAEVNA MYARTSEVA, ENRIQUE RUÍZ-CANCINO AND JUANA MARIA CORONADO-BLANCO* Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, 87149 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT A list of parasitoids of the genus Coccophagus Westwood that parasitize the soft scale Para- saissetia nigra (Nietner), in the world, is given. Data on the biology of P. nigra in Mexico are presented. A key to species of Coccophagus associated to P. nigra in Mexico, including possible species of parasitoids, was prepared. A new species, Coccophagus minor Myartseva sp. nov., reared from P. nigra on mistletoe, Phoradendron quadrangulare (Kunth) Griseb., growing over leaves and shoots of huisache, Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., in Tamaulipas, Mexico, is described. Key Words: Phoradendron quadrangulare, mistletoe, Acacia farnesiana; Coccophagus RESUMEN Se elaboró una lista de parasitoides del género Coccophagus Westwood que parasitan la escama blanda Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) a nivel mundial. Se presentan datos de la biología de P. nigra en México. Se preparó una clave de especies de Coccophagus asociados a P. nigra en México, incluyendo posibles especies parasitoides de la plaga. Se describe la nueva especie Coccophagus minor Myartseva sp. nov., emergida de P. nigra en el muérdago Phoradendron quadrangulare (Kunth) Griseb. sobre hojas y ramitas de huizache Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. en Tamaulipas, México. Palabras Clave: Phoradendron quadrangulare, muérdago, Acacia farnesiana, Coccopha- gus Soft scales of the family Coccidae (Hemip- Parasaissetia nigra is polyphagous, feeding on tera: Coccoidea) are phytophagous insects that host plants from 80 families (Ben-Dov 1993), es- infest leaves, branches and fruits of various pecially on ornamental plants of tropical origin. -
Species Delimitation in Asexual Insects of Economic Importance: the Case of Black Scale (Parasaissetia Nigra), a Cosmopolitan Parthenogenetic Pest Scale Insect
RESEARCH ARTICLE Species delimitation in asexual insects of economic importance: The case of black scale (Parasaissetia nigra), a cosmopolitan parthenogenetic pest scale insect Yen-Po Lin1,2,3*, Robert D. Edwards4, Takumasa Kondo5, Thomas L. Semple3, Lyn G. Cook2 a1111111111 1 College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 3 Research School of Biology, Division of a1111111111 Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, a1111111111 Australia, 4 Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington a1111111111 DC, United States of America, 5 CorporacioÂn Colombiana de InvestigacioÂn Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), a1111111111 Centro de InvestigacioÂn Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Lin Y-P, Edwards RD, Kondo T, Semple TL, Cook LG (2017) Species delimitation in asexual Asexual lineages provide a challenge to species delimitation because species concepts insects of economic importance: The case of black either have little biological meaning for them or are arbitrary, since every individual is mono- scale (Parasaissetia nigra), a cosmopolitan phyletic and reproductively isolated from all other individuals. However, recognition and parthenogenetic pest scale insect. PLoS ONE 12 naming of asexual species is important to conservation and economic applications. Some (5): e0175889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0175889 scale insects are widespread and polyphagous pests of plants, and several species have been found to comprise cryptic species complexes. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) Editor: Wolfgang Arthofer, University of Innsbruck, AUSTRIA (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a parthenogenetic, cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest that feeds on plant species from more than 80 families. -
Journal of Insect Science | ISSN: 1536-2442
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 A new African soft scale genus, Pseudocribrolecanium Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article-abstract/6/1/1/866656 by guest on 21 April 2020 gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), erected for two species, including the citrus pest P. andersoni (Newstead) comb. nov. Takumasa Kondo1 1Department of Entomology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8584, U.S.A. Abstract A new African genus of soft scale insects, Pseudocribrolecanium gen. nov. is erected to accommodate Akermes colae Green & Laing and Cribrolecanium andersoni (Newstead). The adult females and first-instar nymphs of the two species are redescribed and illustrated. Taxonomic keys to separate the adult females and first-instar nymphs are provided. The affinity of Pseudocribrolecanium with the tribe Paralecaniini in the subfamily Coccinae is discussed. Résumé Un nouveau genre africain de cochenille, Pseudocribrolecanium gen. nov. est créé pour les espèces Akermes colae Green & Laing et Cribrolecanium andersoni (Newstead). Les femelles adultes et les larves du premier stade des deux espèces sont redécrites et illustrées. Une clé dichotomique est proposée pour les femelles adultes ainsi qu'une clé pour les larves. L'affinité du genre Pseudocribrolecanium avec la tribu des Paralecaniini, dans la sous-famille des Coccinae, est discutée. Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6.9.2005 | Accepted: 20.10.2005 | Published: 3.31.2006 Keywords: coccids, new genus, taxonomic keys Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ ISSN: 1536-2442 | Volume 6, Number 1 Cite this paper as: Kondo T. 2006. A new African soft scale genus, Pseudocribrolecanium gen. -
Entomologia Hellenica
ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA Vol. 25, 2016 First record of the invasive species Parasaissetia nigra in Greece Tsagkarakis A. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece Ben-Dov Y. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Papadoulis G. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11546 Copyright © 2017 A. E. Tsagkarakis, Y. Ben-Dov, G. Th. Papadoulis To cite this article: Tsagkarakis, A., Ben-Dov, Y., & Papadoulis, G. (2016). First record of the invasive species Parasaissetia nigra in Greece. ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 25(1), 12-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11546 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 21/04/2020 23:20:20 | ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 25 (2016): 12-15 Received 04 September 2015 Accepted 04 March 2016 Available online 10 March 2016 SHORT COMMUNICATION First record of the invasive species Parasaissetia nigra in Greece A.E. TSAGKARAKIS1,*, Y. BEN-DOV2 AND G. TH. PAPADOULIS1 1Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece 2Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel ABSTRACT In June 2014, the nigra scale Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) was recorded for the first time in Greece on pomegranate, Punica granatum. Its occurrence was observed in an ornamental pomegranate tree in the campus of the Agricultural University of Athens. Information on its morphology, biology and distribution is presented. KEY WORDS: nigra scale, Coccidae, pomegranate. Pomegranate is one of the first fruit trees Rodopi etc.). Nowadays, the estimated total cultivated in Greece and in the area with pomegranate orchards in Greece is Mediterranean region in general. -
New Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Records for The
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.16125 Türk. entomol. bült., 2015, 5(2): 59-68 ISSN 2146-975X Original article (Orijinal araştırma) New scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) records for the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti için yeni kayıt coccoid (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) türleri Selma ÜLGENTÜRK*1 M. Bora KAYDAN2 Sema ŞİŞMAN HOCALİ3 Summary Surveys of scale insects were carried out on infested fruits and ornamental plants in the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus during July 2013. Nine scale insect species were determined, four of which are new records for the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus fauna. The new records include: Anophococcus formicicola (Newstead) (Acanthococcidae), Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Diaspididae), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) (Coccidae), and Phenacoccus maderiensis (Green) (Pseudococcidae). Keywords: Invasive species, Planococcus ficus, Ceroplastes floridensis, Coccus hesperidum. Özet Bu çalışmada Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'ne Temmuz 2013 yılında sürveyler düzenlenmiş ve coccoidler ile bulaşık meyve ve süs bitkilerinin farklı organları örneklenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Anophococcus formicicola (Newstead) (Acanthococcidae), Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Diaspididae), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) (Coccidae) ve Phenacoccus maderiensis (Green) (Pseudococcidae) türleri ülke için yeni kayıt olmak üzere dokuz coccoid türü belirlenmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: İstilacı türler, Planococcus ficus, Ceroplastes floridensis, Coccus hesperidum 1 Ankara University, Agriculture Faculty, Plant -
Raport Tehnic Privind Metodologia Utilizată Pentru Alcătuirea Bazei
Cod și Nume proiect: POIM 2014+ 120008 Managementul adecvat al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 referitor la prevenirea și gestionarea introducerii și răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive Raport tehnic privind metodologia utilizată pentru alcătuirea bazei de date cu căile de pătrundere identificate cel puțin pentru speciile selectate din lista DAISE – 100 of the Worst Activitatea 2.1. Căi de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din România Subactivitatea 2.1.1. Identificarea căilor de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din România Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regională prin Programul Operațional Infrastructură Mare 2014-2020 Titlul proiectului: Managementul adecvat al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 referitor la prevenirea și gestionarea introducerii și răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive Cod proiect: POIM2014+ 120008 Obiectivul general al proiectului este de a crea instrumentele științifice și administrative necesare pentru managementul eficient al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 privind prevenirea si gestionarea introducerii si răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive. Data încheierii contractului: 27 noiembrie 2018 Valoarea totală a contractului: 29.507.870,54 lei Contractant: Ministerul Mediului Apelor și Pădurilor Echipa de experți: • POPA Oana Paula– Coordonator activitate / Expert specii invazive • COGĂLNICEANU Dan - Expert coordonator național specii invazive -
Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests
Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Parasaissetia nigra IDENTITY Name: Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) Synonyms: Lecanium nigrum Nietner Lecanium depressum Targioni Tozzetti Lecanium begoniae Douglas Saissetia nigrella Newstead Saissetia nigra (Nietner) Taxonomic position: Insecta: Hemiptera: Homoptera: Coccidae Common names: Nigra scale, black scale, hibiscus scale, hibiscus shield scale, Florida black scale, pomegranate scale (English) Schwarze Napfschildlaus (German) Escama negra, queresa negra del cheremoyo (Spanish) Bayer computer code: SAISNI EU Annex designation: II/A1 - as Saissetia nigra HOSTS P. nigra is polyphagous, feeding on hosts from 77 plant families, especially on ornamental plants of tropical origin e.g. Ficus and Hibiscus; Hederais a favoured host in California. Several agricultural crops are attacked, including avocados, Annona cherimola, citrus, coffee, cotton, Croton tiglium, guavas, Hevea brasiliensis, mangoes, pawpaws and Santalum album trees. There is some evidence to suggest that several strains may exist, each with differing host preferences (Smith, 1944). In the EPPO region, ornamental woody plants would be the hosts mainly at risk. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION P. nigra probably originated in Africa, but has since spread to many countries around the world. Geographical races of this species may occur (De Lotto, 1967). The pest has been found in the past in Taiwan, but is not established there. EPPO region: Belgium, Egypt, France, Germany (unconfirmed), Israel, Italy, Portugal (Azores, Madeira), UK (England, under glass). Asia: Bangladesh (unconfirmed), Bhutan, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java), Israel, Japan, Lao, Malaysia (peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Yemen. Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, St. -
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Saissetia Spp. (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Mexico
Original article Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Saissetia spp. (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Mexico Svetlana Nikolaevna MYARTSEVA, Enrique RUÍZ-CANCINO*, Juana María CORONADO-BLANCO División de Estudios Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Saissetia spp. (Homoptera: de Postgrado e Investigación, Coccidae) in Mexico. UAM Agronomía y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma Abstract –– Introduction. The genus Saissetia has 47 described species in the world, four of de Tamaulipas (UAT), them in Mexico (S. oleae, S. miranda, S. neglecta and S. tolucana). These species attack different 87149 Cd. Victoria, crops, including citrus, olives and ornamentals. Most introductions of natural enemies against Tamaulipas, S. oleae have been undertaken in North and South America, Australia and the Mediterranean México countries. However, no natural enemy species have been purposedly introduced into Mexico [email protected] against Saissetia spp. Materials and methods. During 1998–2003, samples of Saissetia spp. were collected in the States of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Guanajuato; all the emerged parasitoids were determined. Appropriate scientific publications were consulted to find out about any other Saissetia parasitoids recorded from Mexico. Results and discussion. Seventeen parasitoid species from five families of Chalcidoidea (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eupelmidae, Pte- romalidae and Signiphoridae) were reared from Saissetia spp. in Mexico. Conclusions. In Mexico, the species of Saissetia prefer ornamental plants and are usually heavily parasitized by several chalcidoids. Native biological control of Saissetia spp. by different parasitoids has been effective for many years in Mexico. As a result, the species of Saissetia are not considered as primary or secondary pests of citrus and ornamentals. Mexico / Saissetia / parasitoids / Hymenoptera / Chalcidoidea / inventories Parasitoïdes (Hymenoptères : Chalcidoidea) de Saissetia spp. -
Taxonomy of Coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Coccus
Zootaxa 4521 (1): 001–051 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D2096E74-49D8-4235-B26C-2C97170DBDC7 Taxonomy of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Coccus L.) associated with Crematogaster ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the stems of Macaranga plants (Euphorbiaceae) in Southeast Asia PENNY J. GULLAN1, TAKUMASA KONDO2, BRIGITTE FIALA3 & SWEE-PECK QUEK4 1Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Acton, Can- berra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), Centro de Investigación Palmira, Calle 23, Carrera 37 Con- tinuo al Penal, Palmira, Valle, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. E- mail:[email protected] 4Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Table of content Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Materials and methods . 4 Taxonomy . 8 Coccus Linnaeus . 8 Diagnosis for Coccus species associated with Macaranga. 9 Key to adult females of Coccus species associated with Macaranga . 12 Coccus caviramicolus Morrison . 13 Coccus circularis Morrison. 14 Coccus heckrothi Gullan & Kondo sp. n. 18 Coccus lambirensis Gullan & Kondo sp. n. 20 Coccus macarangae Morrison . 22 Coccus macarangicolus Takahashi . 25 Coccus penangensis Morrison . 30 Coccus pseudotumuliferus Gullan & Kondo sp. n. 34 Coccus secretus Morrison . 39 Coccus tumuliferus Morrison . -
Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) Associated with Rosemary, Rosmarinus Officinalis L
Zootaxa 4420 (3): 379–390 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4420.3.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E67ABB78-1D41-423E-B44C-97AE33CAEC6F Description of two new species of Cryptinglisia Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) associated with rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in Colombia TAKUMASA KONDO1, JOSÉ MAURICIO MONTES RODRÍGUEZ2, MARÍA FERNANDA DÍAZ3, OSCAR JAVIER DIX LUNA4 & EDGARD PALACIO GOENAGA5 1Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Investigación Palmira, Calle 23, Carrera 37, Continuo al Penal, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-329 2Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Investigación La Suiza, Calle 6N, No. 1AE-196, Ceiba II, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia 3Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario - ICA, Dirección Técnica de Epidemiología y Vigilancia Fitosanitaria, Carrera 41 No. 17-81, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia 4Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA, Laboratorio Nacional de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario, Subgerencia de Análisis y Diagnóstico, Mosquera, Km. 14 carretera de occidente vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia 5Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario - ICA, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario de Barranquilla - Atlántico, Calle 18 Nº. 50 - 32 Soledad, Atlántico, Colombia 6Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this study, two new species of soft scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) associated with rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) from Colombia, Cryptinglisia corpoica Kondo & Montes sp. nov. and Cryptinglisia ica Montes & Kondo sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on the adult female. Two other coccid species, namely Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) and Saissetia coffeae (Walker), are newly recorded on rosemary. -
Checklist of the Scale Insects (Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Coccomorpha) of New Caledonia
Checklist of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) of New Caledonia Christian MILLE Institut agronomique néo-calédonien, IAC, Axe 1, Station de Recherches fruitières de Pocquereux, Laboratoire d’Entomologie appliquée, BP 32, 98880 La Foa (New Caledonia) [email protected] Rosa C. HENDERSON† Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142 (New Zealand) Sylvie CAZÈRES Institut agronomique néo-calédonien, IAC, Axe 1, Station de Recherches fruitières de Pocquereux, Laboratoire d’Entomologie appliquée, BP 32, 98880 La Foa (New Caledonia) [email protected] Hervé JOURDAN Institut méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS IRD Université d’Avignon, UMR 237 IRD, Centre IRD Nouméa, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa cedex (New Caledonia) [email protected] Published on 24 June 2016 Rosa Henderson† left us unexpectedly on 13th December 2012. Rosa made all our recent c occoid identifications and trained one of us (SC) in Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha slide preparation and identification. The idea of publishing this article was largely hers. Thus we dedicate this article to our late and dear Rosa. Rosa Henderson† nous a quittés prématurément le 13 décembre 2012. Rosa avait réalisé toutes les récentes identifications de cochenilles et avait formé l’une d’entre nous (SC) à la préparation des Hemiptères Sternorrhynques entre lame et lamelle. Grâce à elle, l’idée de publier cet article a pu se concrétiser. Nous dédicaçons cet article à notre chère et regrettée Rosa. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:90DC5B79-725D-46E2-B31E-4DBC65BCD01F Mille C., Henderson R. C.†, Cazères S. & Jourdan H. 2016. — Checklist of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) of New Caledonia. -
The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—An Annotated Inventory Citing Voucher Specimens and Published Records
Zootaxa 2847: 1–122 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 2847 The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—an annotated inventory citing voucher specimens and published records JON H. MARTIN1 & CLIVE S.K. LAU2 1Corresponding author, Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K., e-mail [email protected] 2 Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Cheung Sha Wan Road Government Offices, 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, e-mail [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by C. Hodgson: 17 Jan 2011; published: 29 Apr. 2011 JON H. MARTIN & CLIVE S.K. LAU The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—an annotated inventory citing voucher specimens and published records (Zootaxa 2847) 122 pp.; 30 cm. 29 Apr. 2011 ISBN 978-1-86977-705-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-706-7 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2011 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.