Study-01 Identification of multipurpose (MPTs) and their benefits in

Multipurpose trees (MPTs) and shrubs are woody plant that are deliberately grown and managed for more than one substantial contribution such as products or service functions to the land-use systems in which they are grown.

In most cases MPTs and shrubs have a primary role such as being part of a living fence, a windbreak, or used in an alley cropping system.

They may supply food, wood, , forage and nitrogen to the providing habitat, shade or soil improvement.

1 Multipurpose (MPT)

2 Tree species can be multipurpose in two ways:

1. A single tree can yield more than one function. For example, Gliricidia sepium as living fences that provides fuel, fodder and green manure for agricultural crops, fixing nitrogen into the soil, all at the same time.

2. Trees of the same species, when managed differently, can yield different crops. For example, Leucaena leucocephala is managed so that some trees will principally yield wood while other principally produce meal.

3 Benefits/Functions of MPTs

A. Food 1. Human food from trees (, nuts, etc.) 2. Livestock feed from trees 3. Improvement of nutritional status of food through: a) Nitrogen fixation. b) Improve availability of nutrient c) Improve availability of CEC and soil organic matter d) Mycorrhizal associations. 4. Improve crop production through Soil and water conservation.

5. Micro-climate amelioration (indirect benefits)

4 B. Water 1. Regulation of stream-flow 2. Protection of irrigation works by hedgerows of trees 3. Improvement of drainage from water-logged soil 4. Purification of drinking water (e.g. )

C. Energy 1. Firewood for direct combustion 2. Pyrolytic conversion products (charcoal, oil, gas etc.) 3. Producer gas from wood or charcoal feedstock’s 4. Ethanol from fermentation of high-carbohydrate fruits 5. Oils, latex, other combustible saps and 6. Augmentation of wind power using tree arrangements to create venture effects

5 D. Shelter

1. Building material for shelter construction 2. Shade trees for humans, livestock and shade-loving crops 3. Windbreaks and shelterbelts for protection of settlements, crop lands, pastures and roadways 4. Fencing

E. Raw materials for cottage industry

1. Wood for craft industries 2. Fiber for weaving industries 3. Fruits, nuts etc. for drying or other food industries 4. , essential oils, medicinal ingredients etc.

6 F. Cash

1. Direct cash benefits from sale of tree products 2. Indirect cash benefits from productivity increases or input savings

G. Long term benefits:

1. Improve socio-economic condition 2. Improve environmental condition 3. Increase crop productivity

7 Multipurpose tree (MPT)

8 List of Different MPTs found in SAU (See the enclosure sheet of study 01, where you will find the picture and common name. You have to make a list with common name, scientific name, family name and uses)

Local/Bangla name: Aam English Name: Mango Scientific name: Mangifera indica L. Family: Anacardiaceae Uses: As , timber, fuel wood etc.

You may also search following digital archive of BSMRAU: http://dhcrop.bsmrau.net/fruits/?doing_wp_cron=1583863001.2723100185394287109375 9