USBIK 2021 ONLINE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON NATURAL SCIENCES ABSTARCTS E-BOOK
Congress Dates (26-28 February 2021)
EDITOR Asist. Prof. Dr. NİLGÜN KUŞÇULU
ISBN: 978-625-409-409-5
Access Date: 20.03.2021
KAYSERI–TURKEY
CONGRESS PRESIDENT Prof.Dr. Adem Önal (Tokat Gaziosman Paşa University-TURKEY)
HEAD OF THE REGULATORY BOARD Assist. Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kuşçulu (Kayseri University-TURKEY)
MEMBERS OF THE REGULATORY BOARD Assit.Prof.Dr. Fatma Kılıç Dokan - Kayseri University Assit.Prof.Dr. Elif Yılmaz -Kayseri University, Turkey Dr.Dilek Bahar -Erciyes University, Turkey Lecturer Mehmet Çadır - Erciyes University, Turkey Lecturer Özlem Gökçe Ekici-Erciyes University, Turkey
BOARD OF SCIENCE Prof.Dr.Zehra Bayır, Istanbul Technical University -Turkey Prof.Dr. Zeliha Leblebici Nevsehir University- Turkey Prof.Dr.Hüseyin Gurbanov, Neft-Kimya Prosesleri Institute- Azerbaijan Prof. Dr. Şebnem Kandil İngeç-Gazi University-Turkey Prof. Dr A.C. Calokerinos, National and Kapodistrian University, Greece Prof. Dr Ghulam Hussain Bhatti- Cadet College Hasan Abdal, Pakistan Prof.Dr. Ayten Çelebi Keskin, Kırıkkkale University- Turkey Prof.Dr. Ercan Karaköse - Kayseri University, Turkey Prof.Dr.Victoria Samanidou-University of Thessaloniki- Greece Prof.Dr.Elmas Gökoğlu-Hacettepe Üniversitesi-Turkey Prof.Dr. Fevziye Yaşuk - Erciyes University, Turkey Assoc.Prof.Dr.Mehrabova Matanat Ahmed, ANAS Azerbaijan Assoc.Prof.Dr. Fatma Öztürk – Erciyes University, Turkey Assoc.Prof.Dr.Sveta Sikhimbayeva- Doctor Auezov South Kazakhistan University Assoc.Prof.Dr. Uğur Azizoğlu-Kayseri Üniversitesi-Turkey Assoc. Prof.Dr.Esra Öztürk-Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, Turkey Assoc.Prof.Dr. Sevim Türktekin – Erciyes University, Turkey Assoc.Prof.Dr. Elif Korkusuz -Kayseri University, Turkey Assoc.Prof.Dr. Sedat Per - Kayseri University, Turkey Asst.Prof.Dr. Usman Ali, Govt. Post Graduate College, Pakistan Asist. Prof.Dr. Zertash Iqbal -Beanconhouse University- Pakistan Dr.Muhammad Akram - Government College University, Pakistan Dr .Rasoul Moradi, Khazar University, Azerbaijan Dr.Niyazi Hasanov Hasan Baku State University-Azerbaijan
WARNİNG All responsibility for the content of the abstarcts belongs to their authors. Copy, reproduction, duplication and/or publication of the Abstracts e-book or its parts are subject to violation of copyrights İÇİNDEKİLER CONTENTS
Ab Initio Calculation of Interstitial Atom Effects in Cd1-X MnxSe M.A. MEHRABOVA; N.H. HASANOV; A.I. KAZİMOVA………………………………………………………………………………………...……………..…….1
A Novel Cadmium (II)-selective Potentiometric Sensor and its Applications OĞUZ ÖZBEK; ÖMER ISİLDAK ; MELİHA BURCU GÜRDERE; CAGLAR BERKEL…………………………………………………..………………..…..……2
Investigation of The Multipolarities of The Electromagnetic Transitions for Even-Even Cd Nucleus NUREDDİN TÜRKAN; AYNUR ÖZCAN; OLCAY GÜRBÜZ……………………………………….………………………………….………………...…………… 3
ZnO Nanowire Embedded Graphene Aerogel Nanogenerators ONUR ERGEN……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……4
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide-Bearing Chiral Thiosemicarbazones ABD ALRAZAK BOSTANI; AYŞEGÜL KARAKÜÇÜK-İYIDOĞAN; EMİNE ELÇİN ORUÇ-EMRE...... 5
Determination Of Total Phenolics; Antioxidant Activity, Essential Oil; Chemical Composition And Metal Content Of Pimpinella Anisum L. Using Different Extraction Methods ABIR NASIR; ERDAL YABALA; A MURAT GİZİ1; M KEMAL SANGUN…………………...…………………………………………………………..………….6
Biomonitoring Of Air Pollution Using Mosses ABIYEV H.A.; MEHRABOVA M.A.; HUMBATOV F.Y.; HASANLI R.H………………………………..…………………………………………..…………………7
Solutions of The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau Equation in Spherical Coordinates in The Existence of Frost-Musulin Potential AHMET TAŞ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…8
Activity Enrichment According to Purdue Three Stage Madel In the Field Of Science: Fluid Pressure ASİYE ZORLU; MURAT GÖKDERE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..……………9
Synthesis and Characterization Of Bisphenol-A Based Schiff Base Compounds AWS EL-SAADI; ÖNDER ALICI…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….……10
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Cd1−XFex Te Semimagnetic Semiconductors A.A. ABDULLAYEVA ;M.A. MEHRABOVA ; H.R. NURİYEV ; T.I. KERİMOVA ; N.H. HASANOV ; A.M.NAZAROV…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...………11
The production of antiviral–breathing mask against SARS-CoV-2 using Allium cepa and Curcuma longa extracts ADEM ÖNAL; OĞUZ ÖZBEK………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12
Problems Arising by Distance Education in Science Teachers AYHAN AKSAKALLI……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………13
Synthesis of novel 1;2;3-triazole compounds and characterization AYŞE TAN……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………14
The Effect of Chitosan Obtained from Dermestes ater Pupa on Skin Cancer BETÜL ÇAKMAK………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……15
Investigation of the Effect of Zinc and Zinc-Nickel Electrolytic Coatings on Rubber-Metal Adhesion BUĞRA SÖZEN; SEVİM HAMAMCI ALIŞIR……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16
Obtaning Surface Activation onto The ABS Material with Pd-Free Technic in Electroplating Applications BURAK SULAYAN………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..…………17
The effect of Boric Acid on Electroporation of Foreskin Stem Cells BUSE BALABAN; SAFA AYDIN; FİKRETTİN ŞAHİN…………………………………...……………………………………………………………………………18
I İÇİNDEKİLER CONTENTS
The Examination of The Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic (Pre-Treatment) Effects of Vermicompost Using Allium Test At 48 H Treatment in Tissue Culture BUSENAZ TUNCAY; DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU; ÇIĞDEM ALEV ÖZEL; FATMA ÜNAL…………………………………………………………….……….…19
Fabrication of Antibacterial Metallic Foams with Multi-Porosity FATMA ÇAĞLA DURMUŞ; JOSE MIGUEL MOLINA…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………20
Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Iron Oxide (Fe2o3) Nanoparticle and Microparticle Forms on Alium cepa DERYA KIZILKAYA; FATMA ÜNAL; DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU……………………………………………………………………………………………….…….21
Hfibroblast Cell Secretome’s Effect on Cellular Stress Dilek BAHAR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………22
The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth in Non-Stress Condition Kürşat ÇAVUŞOĞLU; Dilek ÇAVUŞOĞLU…………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………23
Synthesis of Pharmacophore Compound Containing Triazole And Isoxazole Group EMEL KARAKILIÇ; SÜMEYYE ÇOL; MEHMET KINALI; ARİF BARAN……………………..……………………………………………………………………24
Synthesis of Bioactive Isoxazol Acrylate Compound with Diels-Alder Addition EMEL KARAKILIÇ; SÜMEYYE ÇOL; OMAR KHALID ABDULGHAFOOR; ARİF BARAN……………………………….……….…………....………………25
Study of Function of Support Materials Used In Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesis ERHAN BUDAK………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………..…………………26
Investigation of Performance of Different Organometallic Compounds in Perovskite Solar Cells ESMA YENEL; İBRAHİM ERDEN; CANER CEBECI; MAHMUT KUŞ…………………………………………….………….…………….……….………………27
Synthesis Of Molecules Showing Sensor Specıfıcatıon One Or More Than One Rıng SÜMEYYE ÇOL; EMEL KARAKILIÇ; GÖKHAN KILINÇ; ARİF BARAN ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………..………………………28
Technology for Preparation Of Energy-Saving Gypsum Dry Building Mixture Z.B. FAYZILLAYEV; А.D. TILLYAEV; SH.M. SAYITKULOV…………………………………………………….……………………...……………………………29
High-Performance Athermal Semiconductive Lens Design For Thermal Imaging Detectors FERHAT BÖLÜKBAŞ; ERHAN AKMAN ……………….……………………………………………………………………………….………….……………………30
Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles From Catechin Extract of Green Tea leaf GÖNÜL SERDAR; GÜLŞAH GÜL KILINÇ; MÜNEVVER SÖKMEN…………………………………………………..….………..………………………………31
Study of Bactericidical Properties of Heteroatomic Derivatives of Hexenilsuccinic Acid MAHARRAM MAMMADYAROV; GULSHAN IBRAHIMZADA; LALA HUSEYNOVA……………………………….……….………………………………32
Synthesis and Analysis of Sulfur Derivatives of Vicinal Dicarboxylic Acids GULSHAN IBRAHIMZADA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………33
Differences of Polen Content in Royal Jelly Produced According to Different Feeding Methods in Two Locations of Malatya Province GULSAH YIL; SEMİRAMİS KARLIDAG; ABUZER AKYOL; ABDURRAHMAN KOSEMAN; AYŞE BURÇİN UYUMLU MURAT YILMAZTEKİN; SELIM ERDOGAN; IBRAHIM SEKE………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..34
Phenological Characteristics and Yields of Eksotika-2 and Somali Local Papaya Cultivars under Somali Conditions HAFID ELMI AHMED; HAKAN ENGİN………………………….……………………………...... ………………………………………………………….35
Theoretical Elucidations About Aggregation Properties of Aβ40 And Aβ42 HAKAN ALICI……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….…………36
II İÇİNDEKİLER CONTENTS
Synthesis and Structure Evaluation of New Sulfonylthiourea Derivatives HASAN YUNUS ASLAN; EMINE ELÇIN EMRE; AYŞEGÜL KARAKÜÇÜK-İYİDOĞAN…………………………………………………………………….…37
Biodiesel production from sunflower oil; frying oil; and refining by-products HATICE PALÜZAR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...38
Genotoxic Effects of Rod-Like Titanium Dioxide and PEDOT- Coated Rod-Like Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Sister Chromatid Exchange Test in Human Lymphocytes İREM FUNDA DURAN; FATMA ÜNAL; DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU…………………………………………….……………………………….……………………39
Some Features of Salmonellosis Polyvalent Bacteriophage JUMANIYAZOVA M.B.; DAVRANOV Q…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………40
Influence of Weak Graded Gap on Injection Diffusion Regimes of Current Transport in Semiconductor p-n-Structures A. YU.LEYDERMAN; A. S.SAIDOV; SH. N.USMONOV J. M.ABDIYEV; Q. T.SUYAROV……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41
The Spectroscopic Properties of Click Reaction-Based Bodipy Derivatives Prepared from Knorr Pyrrole AKIF KAĞAN YILMAZ; AHMED NURI KURŞUNLU…………………………………………… ……………………………………………….…………………42
Synthesis Of Monoesters Of (C4-C10) Terminal Dicarboxylic Acids And Research Of Anti-Corrosive Properties Of Lubricant Compositions Based On Their Basis M.A. MAMMADYAROV; F.KH.ALIYEVA; K.O.ISRAFILOVA; N.A.DJAVADOVA.………………..…………………..…………………………….……….…43
Receptor-Guided 3d-Qsar Studies; Molecular Docking And Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Acetylcholinesterase İnhibitors KHALIL EL KHATABI ; REDA EL-MERNISSI; HALIMA HAJJI ; ILHAM AANOUZ; MOHAMMED AZIZ AJANA; TAHAR LAKHLIFI; MOHAMMED BOUACHRINE…………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………44
The Inhibitory Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum Powder on Different Types of Microorganisms MAHMOOD ABD ALJABBAR AL TOBJE; ZAHRAA KHALID AL KHERO …………………………………..…………………………….…………………….45
Identification of The Negative Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on The Development of Partridges (Alectoris Chukar) TOPCHIYEVA SH.A.; MADATOV R.I. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..……...…………….……………….46
Actinomycetes Isolated from Soil and Its Antagonistic Properties MERAL ÖDEMİŞ; ÇIĞDEM KÜÇÜK………………………………………………………………...………………………………………….…………..…………….47
A study on the leaf anatomy of Pistachio (Pistacia vera) which spread in Turkey MİKAİL AÇAR………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….48
Particular Solution of The Magnetodynamic Transport Equations for One-Fluid Plasma of Anisotropic Solar Wind M.M. BASHIROV; N.S. DZHALILOV……………………………………………………...……………………………………………………….………….………….49
Role of Nano Fe2O3 in corn (Zea mays L.) plants growth and quality characteristics grown for silage under alkaline stress. MOHAMMAD GAZY ALOBAIDY; ŞEYDA ZORER ÇELEBİ……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………50
The impact of climatic change on the distribution of critically endangered Anatolian meadow viper; Pelias anatolica MUAMMER KURNAZ………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………51
Investigation of the effect on schizophrenia of change in dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters entering into sufficient application water. MURAT AYHAN………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………52
Investigation of Antibody Responses in Experimental Animals Immunized with Formulations of Breast Cancer Lizates With Different Adjuvants MURAT IHLAMUR; HÜMEYRA BAŞARI; EMRAH ŞEFIK ABAMOR; MELAHAT BAĞIROVA; ADIL ALLAHVERDİYEV………………………….…..53
III İÇİNDEKİLER CONTENTS
Examination the Immunostimulant Activity of Human Breast Cancer Lysates with Different Adjuvants in Macrophage Cultural System MURAT IHLAMUR; HÜMEYRA BAŞARI; EMRAH ŞEFİK ABAMOR; MELAHAT BAĞIROVA; ADIL ALLAHVERDIYEV………………..…………….54
Reaction of Tetrafluorobenzyne with 1-Naphthylamine: A Novel Approach for The Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Diarylamines MUSA ERDOĞAN……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55
Patients with Vascular Dementia Treated in A Psychiatric Hospital During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Their Problems R.Z. KARIMOVA……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….……………….56
Dielectric Properties of Cd1−XFexSe Semimagnetic Semiconductors N.R. GASİMOVA ; M.A. MEHRABOVA; T.I. KERİMOVA ; N.H. HASANOV; T.M. PANAHOV; S.S. FARZALIYEV…...... ……57
Current Liposomal Nanoformulations Used in Nucleic Acid Delivery in Medical Field ÖZLEM GÖKÇE EKİNCİ; EZGI YALÇINKAYA; MEHMET ERCAN; ŞERIFE ÇAKIR…………………………………………………………….………………58
Modeling of cluster member evolved stars – Loss of Mass ZEYNEP ÇELİK ORHAN…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………59
Discovery Of New 5;5-Diphenylimidazolidine-2;4- Dione Derivatives As Anticancer Agents; Using 3D-QSAR; Molecular Docking And ADMET Studies REDA EL-MERNISSI; KHALIL EL KHATABI; AYOUB KHALDAN; LARBI ELMCHICHI; MOHAMMED AZIZ AJANA; TAHAR LAKHLIFI MOHAMMED BOUACHRINE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……60
Production of Chitin Micro Swimmers from Moth Wing Scales REYHAN SEHER BAŞTUĞ……………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………61
Laboratory-supported teaching approaches of science teachers and their views on laboratory use and trends in monitoring technological innovations SAMET ERTEM……………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………..62
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenantroimidazole Based Schiff Base Compounds SEDA MÜCELLA TOPRAK; İBRAHİM KARATAŞ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……63
Unsymmetrical Metallo-Phthalocyanines Containing Alkynyl Moieties SEDEF ALBAYRAK; H. YASEMİN YENILMEZ; ZEHRA ALTUNTAŞ BAYIR……………………………………………..……………………….………………64
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Salicylic Acid Derivative in Allium cepa Root Tip Cells SELİN CAN; HALİL ERHAN EROĞLU; MEHMET GÜMÜŞ; İRFAN KOCA……………………………………………………………………….………………65
Investigation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Different Extracts from Plantago lanceolata (Sinirli ot) Plant SEMİH GÖKDAĞ; FULYA DOĞANER; FATMA CAF; BÜLENT KAYA…………………………………………………………….……..………………………66
4d-Qsar Analysis of Some Pyrazine Analogues As PDE 2 Inhibitors SEMİHA KÖPRÜ; EMİN SARIPINAR…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………...……………67
Growth Propertıes of Cd1-XFex S Solid Solution Thin Films S.N. HUSEYNLİ ;M.A. MEHRABOVA ; H.R. NURİYEV; N.H. HASANOV; R.M.SADİGOV; N.I.HUSEYNO………...…………….………...... ……………68
Synthesis Of New Haloconduritol Derivatives Biologically Active Against Glucosidase Enzymes SÜMEYYE ÇOL; EMEL KARAKILIÇ; RÜMEYSA CAN; ARİF BARAN ………………………………………………..…………..………….……...…..…………69
PAH Concentration Analysis of Algae Samples Collected from the Eastern Black Sea Region Giresun Coastline TAYYIBE BEYZA YÜCEL…………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………….…..………70
Study of The Reaction of Maleic Anhydride and Malic Acid with Primary Aliphatic Amines FATMAKHANYM KH. ALIYEVA; FIDAN A. MAMMADOVA; SİTARA F. JABBARLY; Y.H. MAMMADALIYEV………………….…………………..…..71
IV İÇİNDEKİLER CONTENTS
Water Based Anticorrosion Paint and Materials for Protection Against an Aggressive Environment TILLYAEV A. D.; SAIDKULOV SH.M.; MANSUROVA D.A. ………………………………………………………………………………………..………………72
Investigation of the Vitamin Content of Oscillatoria sp. TUĞBA DEMİRİZ YÜCER……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………73
New Type Polymer Synthesis and Modification Containing N-carbamoilmaleamic Acid TUĞBA SARI; AHMET OKUDAN………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………..…74
The Cytotoxic Effect of Ecballium elaterium on A549 Lung Cancer; Wi38 Healthy Lung and HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells UDAY BEKSRAVİ; FATMA ÖZTÜRK KÜP; NILGÜN KUŞÇULU; DILEK BAHAR………………………………………………………….…..……….………75
Energy Absorption Rate of Two-level-System Coupled to Structured Environment ARZU KURT……………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………….……………………76
Electrical Properties of CdFeSe Epitaxial Films V.G. GULUZADE; M.A. MEHRABOVA; H.R. NURİYEV; N.H. HASANOV………………….………………..………………………………..…………….……77
Vibrational and Chemical Shift Analysis of 4-Chloro-Pyrazolo (3;4-D) Pyrimidine Molecule By Using Ab Initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (B3LYP) Methods GAMZE PINAR KOZAN; FATIH UCUN; VESILE KÜÇÜK……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………...78
Synthesis of 1;4-Oxazin Derivatives with Imidazol Skeleton VOLKAN TAŞDEMİR………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………….…………………79
Structural and Electronic Properties of SrFCl Under High Pressure YILAYDIN GÜZEL; HÜLYA ÖZTÜRK; CIHAN KÜRKÇÜ………………………………………………………..…………………………….………….………….80
Creation And Research Of New, Perspective Oil Compositions By Adding Complex Esters Of Cyclic Polyhydric Alcohols To Petroleum Base Oils HUSEYN GURBANOV; LALE YUSIFOVA; GUNAY HASANOVA…………………………….………..………………..…….……………………...……………81
Distribution of Carbapenem Resistance Genes in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates TUĞRUL HOŞBUL; YUNUS DOĞAN; CANSET NUR AYDOGAN; BÜLENT BOZDOĞAN……………………………………………………….……………82
MTF Measurement of Thermal Lenses with Curved Edge Method and Parameters Affecting Result of The Measurement ZEHRA DERTLİ EMİR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..…..……83
Size-Optical Properties of Modification of Thiol Stabilized CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots ISHANKULOV A.F.; SHAMILOV R.R.; KHALILOV K.F.; GALYAMETDINOV YU.G.; MUKHAMADIEV N.K. …………………….…………..…………..84
Development and Study of Bcp Immobilized Film Using the Sol-Gel Technology MIRZAEV SH.E.; NASIMOV A.M.; TASHPULATOV KH.SH.; DUSCHONOVA I.………………………………………………………………………..….…85
Synthesis of Cyclic Anhydrides of Succinic Acid by Ene Synthesis M.A. MAMMADYAROV; F.KH. ALIYEVA; T.M.MAMMADZADE………………………………………………..…………...……………………….…………86
V
Ab Initio Calculation of Interstitial Atom Effects in Cd1-XMnxSe
M.A. Mehrabova1,2, N.H. Hasanov2, A.I. Kazimova3 1Institute of Radiation Problems of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan 2Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan 3Ganja State University, Ganja, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations have been used extensively in semiconductors to study vacancies and interstitial atoms, but applications to defects requiring larger supercells are rather rare because of computational limitations. The simulation of irradiation effects is an example where reliable data on such defects are highly required because of the scarcity of experimental data. İnterstitial atoms and vacancies are the two types of elementary defects, formed under irradiation. The purpose of this work was to calculate the electronic band structure of defective Cd1-xMnxSe (x = 0.14) with ab interstitial atom. Initio calculations are performed in the Atomistix Toolkit program within the Density Functional Theory and Local Spin Density Approximation on a Double Zeta Double Polarized basis. We have used Hubbard
U potential UMn = 3.59 eV for 3d states for Mn atoms. After the construction of supercells Cd1-xMnxSe (х=0.14), atom relaxation and optimization of the crystal structure were carried out. Supercells of 32 (x = 0.14) atoms are considered. Electronic band structure, the density of states, and total energy were calculated for ideal and defective supercells Cd1-xMnxSe with interstitial Cd and Se atom in both 1 antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. The calculated band gap for ideal Cd1-xMnxSe, x=0.14 was
Eg =1.66 eV and total energy Et=-29324.7 eV. Ab initio calculations for defective supercells Cd1-x MnxSe of 32 atoms with interstitial Cd and Se atom show that defect leads to increasing of bandgap, the formation of local levels in the bandgap, change in the total energy. Fermi level shifts towards the valence or conduction band. In the case of the interstitial Se atom, the bandgap is equal to Eg =1.94 eV and total energy Et=-29324.74 eV and there are no local levels in the bandgap. In the case of the interstitial Cd atom, the bandgap is equal to Eg =1.98 eV, total energy Et=-29322.6 eV, and two local levels are formed in band gap.
Keywords: Semimagnetic semiconductor, interstitial-atom, ab initio, band structure, the density of states, band gap.
A Novel Cadmium (II)-Selective Potentiometric Sensor and Its Applications
Oğuz Özbek1*, Ömer Isildak2**, Meliha Burcu Gürdere2**, Cağlar Berkel3**** 1Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Science and Technology, Application and Research Center, 67600, Turkey *ORCID: 0000-0001-5185-9681 [email protected] 2Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 60250, Turkey *ORCID: 0000-0003-4690-4323,, [email protected] *ORCID: 0000-0003-4285-5528 [email protected] 3Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 60250, Turkey *ORCID: 0000-0003-4787-5157, [email protected]
Abstract Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals which causes serious health problems such as skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, kidney and liver damage, and destruction of red blood cells in humans [1]. Therefore, the determination of cadmium in living organisms and environmental samples is crucial. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have many advantages, such as wide linear working range, short response time, high selectivity and sensitivity, small size, robustness, low energy consumption, low detection limit, and low cost [2–4]. Therefore, ion-selective electrodes have more preferred by researchers than conventional analytical techniques. In the current study, we proposed the development of a novel all-solid-state cadmium (II)-selective sensor based on a poly (vinyl chloride) membrane. The developed sensor has certain characteristics such as a wide linear concentration range (Figure), low detection limit, short response time, wide pH working range, good 2 reusability, and selectivity. Besides, the sensor was successfully applied in the analysis of cadmium ions in different environmental samples and a waste battery sample, and it showed very high recovery rates.
Keywords: Ion-selective electrode, Potentiometric sensor, PVC membrane, Cadmium(II).
Figure: The potential response and calibration curve of cadmium(II)-selective sensor.
References [1] O. Özbek, Ö. Isildak, M.B. Gürdere, C. Berkel, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1 (2020). [2] O. Özbek, Ö. Isildak, C. Berkel, J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 98, 1 (2020). [3] Ö. Isildak, O. Özbek, K.M. Yigit, Bulg. Chem. Commun. 52, 448 (2020). [4] Ö. Isildak, N. Deligönül, O. Özbek, Turk. J. Chem. 43, 1149 (2019).
Investigation of The Multipolarities of the Electromagnetic Transitions for Even-Even 116Cd Nucleus
Nureddin Türkan1, Aynur Özcan2, Olcay Gürbüz3 1Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Engineering Physics, Istanbul, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-0452-9484 [email protected] 2Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Ankara, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0003-2514-5460 [email protected] 3Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Ankara, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-8865-8725 [email protected]
Abstract Nowadays, physicists are studying the changes in the shape of the nucleus, depending on the number of neutrons (N) and the number of protons (Z), to observe the regions where this shape has the most sudden changes. These regions correspond to critical points in a standard phase diagram. In many examples in macroscopic physics or condensed matter physics, it is quite easy to draw a phase diagram because of the large number of particles interacting. However, the nucleus contains at most several hundred nucleons, analyzing nuclear phase transitions even more difficult. In this context, it is a need to produce more detailed studies, especially on neutron-rich isotopes, and it is important and necessary to understand and develop the latest approaches about the transition properties of nuclear structure. Thus, the structural properties of some pairs of double Cd nuclei in the transition region, especially around A∼100, are examined together with the dynamic symmetry boundaries in the Interacting Boson Model. In this way, more detailed investigations can be made throughout the transition region where 3 many cores with various structural characters are located. In this work, by determining the most suitable Hamiltonian required for the current calculations of the nuclei around the region A∼100, using the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1), the best fit values of the parameters in this Hamiltonian are the energy levels of the double-even Cd isotope of N = 68, the B(E2) values and (E2/M1) are used to calculate the multipole mixing ratios. The theoretical energy levels in the calculations were obtained using the PHINT and NP-BOS program codes. And the obtained results were compared with the experimental data in the relevant tables. It was found that they were in good agreement with the previously determined experimental data.
Keywords: Interacting Boson Model, Energy levels, B(E2) values, Multipole mixing ratios
ZnO Nanowire Embedded Graphene Aerogel Nanogenerators
Onur Ergen * * Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul,Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-7226-4898 [email protected] Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) lead a new era in remote health monitoring and preventive care, while making ZnO based strain sensor and nanogenerators a very attractive data collection tool. Here, we demonstrate flexible piezotronics strain sensor/nanogenerator, based on ZnO nanowires embedded on graphene aerogels. The I-V characteristic of the sensor shows high sensitivity due to desirable piezotronics properties, piezopotential modulated changes in Schottky barrier height, under both static and dynamic loads. A good gauge factor of as high as 120 has been demonstrated, which is almost 50% higher than the gauge factor reported for any ZnO/Carbon based strain sensors.
Keywords: Nanogenerator, wearable-electronics, strain-sensor, piezotronics, aerogels, ZnO
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonamide-Bearing Chiral Thiosemicarbazones
Abd Alrazak Bostani*, Ayşegül Karaküçük-İyidoğan**, Emine Elçin Oruç-Emre*** * Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Gaziantep, Türkiye. ORCID: 0000-0003-1117-2126, [email protected] ** Prof.Dr., Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Gaziantep, Türkiye. ORCID: 0000-0002-8088-6010, [email protected] *** Prof.Dr., Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Gaziantep, Türkiye. ORCID: 0000-0001-6840-9660, [email protected] Abstract Thiosemicarbazones are compounds with a broad spectrum of antitumor effects. Depends on previous extensive investigations by our research group this study aimed to design and synthesis of new chiral thiosemicarbazone derivatives as potential anticancer agent. The sulfonamide group thought to contribute to anticancer activity was also added to the structure while designing the compounds. In the first step of the synthesis studies, the sulfonyl chloride group, which is in the structure of the 4-acetyl benzenes sulfonyl chloride compound selected as the starting material to synthesize thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized by reacting sulfonyl chloride group with purchased (R/S)-1-(2-naphthyl) ethylamine in the presence of triethylamine. In the second step, 4-substituent thiosemicarbazide derivatives were obtained as a result of the treatment of 4-substituted isothiocyanates with hydrazine hydrate. In the last step, obtained thiosemicarbazide derivatives and chiral sulfonamides which have been synthesized in the previous steps were treated and Sulfonamide-Bearing Chiral Thiosemicarbazones derivatives were synthesized in both enantiomeric forms. Chemical structures of all newly synthesized chiral thiosemicarbazone derivatives were elucidated using UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Since it is 5 thought that the compounds obtained may exhibit biologically significant anti-cancer activities, in vitro cytotoxic activities of these compounds against lung cancer cell lines will be investigated in future studies.
Keywords: Thiosemicarbazone, Biological activity, Chiral, Thiosemicarbazide, Sulfonamide
Determination Of Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, Essential Oil, Chemical Composition And Metal Content Of Pimpinella Anisum L. Using Different Extraction Methods
Abir Nasir1,*, Erdal Yabalak1**, A. Murat Gizir1***, M. Kemal Sangun2**** 1Mersin University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry 2Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Arts, Department of Chemistry, Turkey. *ORCID: 0000-0002-5373-5954, e-mail:[email protected] ** ORCID: 0000-0002-4009-4174, e-mail: [email protected] ***ORCID: 0000-0002-9781-446X, e-mail: [email protected] ****ORCID: 0000-0001-5023-3935, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Pimpinella, which has 150 species in the world, has 27 taxa in our country, 6 of which are endemic and contain19 species and 8 subspecies. The Pimpinella anisum L. which is known as anason in Turkey belonging to the Apiaceae family and Pimpinella genus, an annual aromatic plant. Also, it has known in Turkey by other names such as Enison, Nahnahani, and Reziyaneri-Rumi. Additionally, it was found in the very ancient cultures of the Mediterranean. The planted anason in Turkey and other countries planted anise calming, child respiratory facilitator, has gained importance because of use in the treatment of digestive tract infections and other diseases. 10000 tons of Pimpinella are produced annually in Turkey, 7000 tons of them are used in the production of 3 million famous Turkish alcohol (Rakı) exported worldwide. Besides, Pimpinella seeds are used in many fields in the food industry, such as spices and the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, as a part of a doctoral thesis, Pimpinella anisum seeds were taken from Hatay, Antakya Amanos mountains milled, and kept in a dark place to be ready for extraction methods. Essential oils of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seeds were extracted using five different extraction methods (Clevenger 6 apparatus, Soxhlet, ultrasonic, subcritical water, and supercritical CO2) by four solvents. Each method was applied separately at different time, temperature, and frequency values. The extracted oils yields were determined by chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses. The chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, essential oil, and metal content of the extracts were determined. The effects of experimental parameters such as temperature, frequency, extraction time, etc. on extraction efficiency were evaluated by comparing the obtained data.
Keywords: Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), Ultrasonic, Soxhlet, Subcritical water, Supercritical CO2.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the Research Fund of Mersin University with Project Number: 2019-3-TP3-3756
Biomonitoring of Air Pollution Using Mosses
1Abiyev H.A.,2Mehrabova M.A., 2Humbatov F.Y., 3Hasanli R.H., 1Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan 2Institute of Radiation Problems, AMAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 3Universitats Klinikum, Bonn, Germany [email protected]
Abstract Heavy metals (HM) and radionuclides are among the most dangerous environmental pollutants. One of the most effective methods of obtaining data on atmospheric deposition of HM and other toxic elements and radionuclides is an analysis of naturally growing moss samples serving as analogs of aerosol filters. The purpose of the work was to identify the degree of air pollution with ions of heavy metals and the activity of radionuclides using moss bioindicators. Experimental measurements of the definition of content and quantity of heavy metals and activity of radionuclides in samples of mosses, soil, water collected near the Dashkesen, Mingechaur, Sumgait cities of Azerbaijan Republic have been conducted. It was defined that the content of Cr, Mn, Fe in samples of moss and soil, collected from Dashkesen city were more than in Mingechaur and Sumgait cities. Content of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb, Hg, Ni in samples of moss and soil, collected from Mingechaur, Sumgait cities were more than in Dashkesen city. It was revealed, that the activity of 40K was more than other isotopes. On the other hand, it was found out that 7Be, 214Pb, 214Bi, 137Cs, 134Cs, 60Co were more in the Mingechaur region than in Sumgait and Dashkesen. Thus, the used method proved to be a cheap and efficient tool to assess heavy metal and radionuclides pollution in the urban area. The increasing content of heavy metals and radionuclides in the soil and atmospheric air can lead to 7 serious consequences and even affect a person.
Keywords: Mosses, bioindicators, air pollution, heavy metals, radionuclides.
Solutions of The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau Equation in Spherical Coordinates in The Existence of Frost-Musulin Potential
Ahmet Taş* *Harran Üniversitesi, Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu, Optisyenlik Programı, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye ORCID: 0000-0002-1226-5634, [email protected] Abstract
It has become an important and current issue discussed by researchers to find analytical solutions of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation, which describes the dynamics of relative particles for some physical potential models in quantum mechanics. This is because analytical solutions of the Duffin- Kemmer-Petiau equation can be used to describe the behavior of spin-1 and spin-0 particles. This equation has a wide application in cosmology and theoretical nuclear physics. The Duffin-Kemmer- Petiau equation has first-order nature and is a generalization of the Dirac equation in which gamma matrices are replaced by beta matrices in Dirac algebra. The Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation is represented in five-component and ten-component versions that work for spin-0 and spin-1 bosons, respectively. The spin-0 representation of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation under a vector potential has the same mathematical structure as its well-known counterpart, the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation. But the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation is more general than the Klein-Gordon equation because of its more complex structure. Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau formalism can be used in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theory in particle physics to study deuteron-nucleus scattering and quark confinement problems. In this study, analytical solutions of Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation will be obtained in the presence of Frost-Musulin potential in spherical coordinates. In 8 order to get these solutions, the standard method (function analysis method or variable replacement method) will be used and a Pekeris-type approach will be applied to the centrifugal term. Using the obtained relations, the bound state solutions will be expressed in terms of Gaussian hypergeometric functions. We derive the bound state energy eigenvalues relation for any J-state by using the boundary conditions of the wave functions. The bound state energy values for any J-state will be determined numerically using the Mathematica software package. We also exam the effects of potential parameters on energy eigen values graphically and numerically. By using the normalization condition of wave functions, the normalization constant will be obtained and the eigenfunctions corresponding to different J-states will be illustrated with the Mathematica software program.
Keywords: Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau Equation, Bound State, Energy Eigenvalues, Energy Eigenfunctions.
Activity Enrichment According to Purdue Three Stage Model in The Field of Science: Fluid Pressure
Asiye Zorlu*, Murat Gökdere** * Amasya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Amasya, Türkiye. * ORCID: 0000-0003-3197-0360, [email protected] ** Prof. Dr. Amasya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Amasya, Türkiye. **ORCID: 0000-0001-8631-0453: [email protected]
Abstract It is known that approximately 10-12% of the world’s population show distinctive mental and psychomotor skills when compared to their peers. The distinctiveness of these individuals can either be positive or negative. Upon inspection of the studies on these individuals, it is seen that a major part of them is about those who show negative distinctiveness and inadequacy in their skills when compared to their peers. It stands out that there are not enough studies on individuals who show positive distinctiveness among their peers. Consequently, work is performed in terms of identifying these individuals as well as their needs and education. Identification is the most important step of this process, and it is carried out at schools. Due to the difference of needs of these highly gifted persons, the standard curricula fall short; therefore, the curricula need to be adjusted, enriched, and diversified for these individuals. This study aims to prepare enriched activities for the 8th-grade school topic of “pressure” by one of the curriculum enrichment models known as the Purdue Three- Stage Model. As the focus of these activities, “pressure” was chosen due to its relevance in daily life, its abstractness for students, and the excessive misconception on the subject. The planning was carried out by taking account of the attainments of the 8th grade topic of “pressure.” The reformed 9 activities were analyzed by two academicians specialized in enrichment, and four who specialized in physics by taking into consideration the attainments from the Ministry of National Education and the stages of the Purdue Model. The pilot scheme was carried into practice after necessary adjustments had been made in line with the suggestions. The latest forms of the activities have been developed after the issues and inoperative concepts during the pilot scheme were considered. These activities will be implemented and assessed in the scope of postgraduate studies at the Department of Science of the Institute of Science at Amasya University. It is envisioned that the science teachers who pay regard to the examples and development stages of this work may prepare and implement similar activities in their classes.
Keywords: Purdue Three-Stage Model, highly gifted children, enrichment, pressure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bisphenol-A Based Schiff Base Compounds
Aws El-Saadi*, Önder Alici** *Selcuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü, Konya, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0002-9209-9700; [email protected] **Selcuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü, Konya, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0001-5982-5128, [email protected] Abstract
In this study, firstly, the bisphenol-A compound was converted into a dialdehyde derivative by using the Duff reaction. Then, from the reaction of synthesized dialdehyde compound with hydrazine hydrate, the derivative of hydrazone compound was synthesized. Finally, the Schiff base derivative was synthesized with the reaction of hydrazone compound and salicylaldehyde (Schema- 1). Then, the interactions of the synthesized compound with metals (Li+, Ni2+ Co2+, Ag+, Zn2+ Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cr3+ ve Al3+) under appropriate conditions were investigated using fluorescence spectrophotometry. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that the target compound turns on with only Al3+ metal among metals.
Keywords: Bisphenol-A, Fluorescence, Al3+
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Schema.1. Target Compound synthesis scheme
i: HMTA, TFA, Refluks; ii: Hydrazine hydrate, refluks; iii: Salicylaldehyde, refluks
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Cd1−XFex Te Semimagnetic Semiconductors
A.A. Abdullayeva4, M.A. Mehrabova1, H.R. Nuriyev2, T.I. Kerimova1 N.H. Hasanov3, A.M.Nazarov2 1Institute of Radiation Problems, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 1Institute of Physics, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 3Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan 4Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract
The Cd1-xFexTe (x = 0.08) solid solutions were synthesized by alloying primary components (purity no less than 99.99) in evacuated quartz cells. XRD is the principal technique used to investigate crystal structures and we studied crystal structure by this method. It was defined, that the Cd1-xFexTe (x=0.08) solid solutions have a cubic crystal structure with a lattice parameter a= 6.47 Å. The dielectric permittivity, conductivity, and impedance were studied using an E7-20 LCR meter in the temperature range T=110÷465K at alternating current within the frequency range of 25Hz ÷ 1 MHz. It was defined that conductivity and dielectric permittivity increase with an increase in the Fe concentration. An anomaly is observed in the temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity. There is relaxation in the frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity. The temperature dependences of the complex impedance show that the maximum of the real part of impedance shifts to higher temperatures with an increase in the frequency and its amplitude decreases. The temperature dependence of the imaginary part of the impedance has a stepped form. As the measurement frequency increases, the amplitude of the “staircase” decreases. 11 Keywords: Semimagnetic semiconductor, impedance, dielectric permittivity, conductivity, frequency, temperature
The production of antiviral–breathing mask against SARS-CoV-2 using Allium cepa and Curcuma longa extracts
Adem Önal1, Oğuz Özbek2 1Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, 60250, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-9070-089X, [email protected] 2Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Science and Technology, Application and Research Center, 67600, Zonguldak, ORCID: 0000-0001-5185-9681, [email protected]
Abstract
The new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 causes Covid-19) was first identified in December 2019 in China and caused the illness and death of many people over the world. All countries in the world have implemented many different approaches to prevent the virus’s continued transmission. The most important of these are physical distance, mask use, and hygiene. While the use of masks becomes mandatory all over the world, alternative mask production continues uninterrupted. In this study, we aimed to contribute to the pandemic period by producing a new type of mask protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The terry cotton fabric by medical standards was dyed with antimicrobial Curcuma Longa and Allium Cepa extracts to protect against the highly contagious, lethal new type of coronavirus. Later, antiviral and breath-opening properties were provided by interacting with antiviral and breath-opening vegetable oils. Finally, the odor emission times of the masks were determined [1]. Masks dyed with Curcuma Longa and Allium Cepa extracts are given in Figure. 12
Figure: Masks dyed with Curcuma Longa (a) and Allium Cepa (b) extracts
Keywords: Viral infections, Mask, SARS-CoV-2, Natural dyes.
References
[1] Önal A, Özbek O, Nached S. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 7(3), 821- 826, 2020.
Problems Arising by Distance Education In Sciences Teachers
Ayhan Aksakallı * *Ministry of Education, Physics Teacher, Erzurum, Turkey. * ORCID: 0000-0001-6281-5828 [email protected]
Abstract Situation assessment in science teaching, especially problems, emerges as a wide subject that can be approached from different angles. How satisfied were we with the products we obtained during the distance education in line with the targets set? The question manifests itself as an important problem we face. Science education is the education of the attractive and surprising wealth around individuals. Therefore, it is not correct to limit science education only to the knowledge and skills acquired within the school. The factors that help education and teaching in this process are teachers, students, textbooks, classroom environments, laboratory activities, course programs, and families. However, the COVID-19 pandemic we are experiencing now has brought up many problems in terms of education in our country, as in many countries of the world. Particularly when teachers take into account the fear and anxiety caused by the epidemic, the problems they may encounter in distance education appear as a situation that needs to be investigated. This study, it is aimed to reveal the problems faced by science teachers during distance education. For this, the phenomenographic research model was chosen as the research design. The group of the study consists of 40 science teachers who were determined according to criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods in different science branches. The data of the study will be obtained by asking 8 basic questions open-ended to make the explanations of teachers in a broad axis. In this sense, semi-structured interviews will be held with teachers. The data 13 obtained in the study are considered to be analyzed according to the phenomenographic analysis method included in the qualitative research tradition. The findings of the research will be interpreted with the support of the literature and necessary suggestions and opinions will be made.
Keywords: Science education, Phenomenographic analysis, Teacher
Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole compounds and characterization
Ayşe Tan* Mus Alparslan University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mus, Turkey, ORCID: 0000-0003-2692-7923, [email protected] Abstract
1,2,3-triazole compounds are important heterocyclic compounds for organic and medicinal chemist due to their various biological activities, such as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticancer, antitubercular, α-glucosidase inhibitory, SGLT2 inhibitory, IDO inhibitory, and acidic corrosion inhibitory[1, 2]. Therefore, many studies have been done on triazole synthesis.
Figure 1. Some bioactive 1,2,3-triazole compounds In this study, novel 1,2,3-triazole compounds 6a-c were synthesized from compounds 2[3, 4] and 5a-c[5-7] by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions[8] (Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition)(Figure 2). Compounds 2 and 5a-c required for the synthesis of compounds 6a-c were obtained in good yields by the reaction steps given in Figure 2.
14
Figure 2. The synthesis of compounds 6a-c
Keywords: 1,2,3-Triazole, Azide-alkyne cycloaddition, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition References [1] A. Tan, ‘Novel 1, 2, 3-triazole compounds: Synthesis, In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies’, J Mol Struct 2020, 128060. [2] P. S. Phatak, R. D. Bakale, S. T. Dhumal, L. K. Dahiwade, P. B. Choudhari, V. Siva Krishna, D. Sriram, K. P. Haval, ‘Synthesis, antitubercular evaluation and molecular docking studies of phthalimide bearing 1, 2, 3-triazoles’, Synthetic Commun 2019, 49, 2017-2028. [3] R. C. Cioc, ‘Off the Beaten Path’. [4] V. Vendrusculo, V. P. de Souza, L. A. M. Fontoura, M. G. D'Oca, T. P. Banzato, P. A. Monteiro, R. A. Pilli, J. E. de Carvalho, D. Russowsky, ‘Synthesis of novel perillyl–dihydropyrimidinone hybrids designed for antiproliferative activity’, MedChemComm 2018, 9, 1553-1564 (and therein) [5] M. R. Aouad, ‘Click Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of novel isatin-1, 2, 3-triazoles with piperidine, morpholine, or piperazine moieties’, Org Prep Proced Int 2017, 49, 216-227. [6] T.R. Deshmukh. S. P. Khare. V. S. Krishna. D. Sriram. J. N. Sangshetti. O. Bhusnure. V. M. Khedkar, B. B. Shingate, ‘Deshmukh, Tejshri R., et al. "Design and Synthesis of New Aryloxy‐linked Dimeric 1, 2, 3‐Triazoles via Click Chemistry Approach: Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study’ J Heterocyclic Chem, 2019, 56, 2144 (and therein) [7] D.R. Hou, M.S. Hung, C.C. Liao, C.C. Lin, Patent US20100144734 A1, 2010 [8] F. Himo, T. Lovell, R. Hilgraf, V. V. Rostovtsev, L. Noodleman, K. B. Sharpless, V. V. Fokin, ‘Copper (I)-catalyzed synthesis of azoles. DFT study predicts unprecedented reactivity and intermediates’, Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005, 127, 210-216.
The Effect of Chitosan Obtained from Dermestes Ater Pupa on Skin Cancer
Betül Çakmak* *Aksaray University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoteknoloji ve Moleküler Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Tezli Yüksek Lisans, Aksaray, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0002-4558-8499, [email protected]
Abstract
Chitin is a polysaccharide-based biopolymer comprising as- (1→4) linked N- acetyl-D-glucosamine units. It is the most abundant polymer worldwide, after cellulose. Chitin is the first discovered in the exoskeleton of arthropods, in the cell wall of fungi. According to recent studies, it has been revealed that chitin is found in Arthropoda phylum, spiders, sponges, corals, bryozoa, tardigrades, nematodes, and algae. Chitosan is a natural polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives; biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial properties are widely used in the medical field. Dermestes ater is a species of insect that belongs to the Dermestidae family. Also known as the black larder beetle, these insects feed on the organic matter of animal origin. Studies on the isolation, characterization, and chitosan production of chitin on D. ater insect species have not been found in the literature. Melanoma, known as skin cancer, is a type of cancer with a high mortality rate, high multi-drug resistance, and a low survival rate. There are studies on skin cancer treatment, methods, and techniques using chitosan and chitosan-based materials. In this study, chitin was isolated from D. ater beetle pupa shell with certain amounts of acid and alkali treatment. Chitin samples were characterized by Fourier transform 15 infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis methods. After the characterization process, chitosan was obtained from the chitin structure. The obtained chitosan was also characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and elemental analysis methods. As a result of these characterizations, it was revealed that the obtained chitin and chitosan were similar to the data in the literature. In this study, chitin and chitosan were obtained from Dermestes ater pupa, and detailed characterization was made. It has also been tested with A-375 and MGM-4 cell lines to determine the proliferative activity of chitosan on skin cancer.
Keywords: Chitin, Chitosan, Dermestes ater, Cancer
Investigation of the Effect of Zinc and Zinc-Nickel Electrolytic Coatings on Rubber-Metal Adhesion
Buğra Sözen*1,2, Sevim Hamamcı Alışır**1 1 Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği, Samsun, Türkiye 2 Sampa Otomotiv San. ve Tic. A.Ş., Samsun, Türkiye *ORCID:0000-0003-2084-959X [email protected] **ORCID: 0000-0001-7296-8318 Abstract
In the automotive industry, designs that combine metal and rubber are used in products that require high strength and damping capability such as engine mounts, molecular bushings, and radiators. Generally, traditional phosphate coating is applied to metals before the vulcanization process. However, in parts operating under severe environmental conditions, zinc phosphate coating sometimes exhibits insufficient corrosion resistance and thermal resistance. Such harsh environmental conditions require an alternative electrolytic coating to traditional phosphate coating in rubber-metal components. Electrolytic coatings show different surface morphologies due to their classes and chromatizing types, and rubber-metal adhesion strength varies accordingly. Within the scope of this study, the metal plates prepared in standard sizes will be subjected to mechanical and chemical surface cleaning operations. The metal surfaces to adhere will be coated with electrolytic alkaline zinc (with and without chromatizing), electrolytic alkaline zinc-nickel (with and without chromatizing) in additional to traditional zinc phosphate coating. Adhesive agents to be applied on metal plates for vulcanization were selected as Chemosil-211 and Chemosil-411, which are widely used in the industry. These metal plates were vulcanized with standard vulcanization parameters and NR rubber. 90° peeling tests were applied to the test according to ASTM D 6862-03 standard. 16 As a result of the peeling tests, the comparison between the metal plates was made according to the average maximum braking force and was determined as 188 N for conventional zinc phosphate coated plates. The related force was determined as 166 N and 167 N for the alkaline zinc and chromate alkaline zinc plated plates, respectively: 221 N for alkaline zinc-nickel plated plates, 198 N for chromated alkaline zinc-nickel plated plates. As a result of the study, it has been determined that alkaline zinc-nickel coatings can be used as an alternative to conventional zinc phosphate coatings for applications requiring metal-rubber vulcanization.
Keywords: Adhesion, Vulcanization, Traditional zinc phosphate, Electrolytic alkaline zinc, Electrolytic alkaline zinc-nickel
Obtaining Surface Activation onto The Abs Material with Pd-Free Technic in Electroplating Applications
Burak Sulayan* *Gazi Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi, Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye. ORCID: 0000-0001-7725-172X [email protected]
Abstract
ABS plastic is an important engineering material for its high thermal stability, excellent mechanical strength, and high resistance to chemical reagents. However, its application is limited because it is non-conducting and easily fretted. Metallized ABS can be widely used in many fields since its outstanding properties of engineering plastic and metal. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is the most common plateable plastic. Copper and nickel-plated ABS are used in almost all decorative plating processes. For industrial applications, plastic metallization serves to make toys, automotive and computer body parts, electronic housings, wheel covers, lamp housings, ventilation, air conditioning parts, pipes and fittings, and many more things. For many years, the activation process for metallization of nonconducting substrates has attracted increasing attention. Some pre-treatment technics are applied to the ABS resins for electroless plating. Those are chemical surface etching with chromium, surface activation before electroless plating respectively. Before the electroless plating copper, the activation pretreatment should be carried on the surface of ABS resin. The conventional surface activation process used a solution containing SnCl2 and PdCl2 for sensitization and activation. 17 Because of the high price of PdCl2, the cost of the surface activation occupied a high proportion in the surface metallization process. To reduce the cost in the surface metallization, Pd free surface activation process has become increasingly important. In this study, literature surveys were made about surface activation technics by considering Pd-free technology. According to the literature survey, some parameters were summarized such as adhesion strength, surface structure, obtained deposition onto the catalytic surface, and electroless plating.
Keywords: ABS, Metallisation, Pd-Free, Electroless Plating
The Effect of Boric Acid on Electroporation of Foreskin Stem Cells
Buse Balaban1*, Safa Aydın1,2**, Fikrettin Şahin1*** 1Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey 2ASELSAN Inc., 34906, Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey 1*ORCID: 0000-0001-9659-2124, [email protected] 1,2**Corresponding author: Ph.D. ORCID: 0000-0001-5519-1500, [email protected] 1***Prof. Dr. ORCID: 0000-0003-1503-5567, [email protected]
Abstract The cells harvested from the prepuce tissue in the circumcision process have stem cell features shown by previous studies and are called human newborn foreskin stem cells (hnFSCs). This tissue to be discarded have great potential for immunomodulation, gene, and regenerative therapies. Boron is a crucial micronutrient that acts in a wide range of biological processes. It is a vital player in the development of plants and the structure of the cell wall. Similarly, it is known that boron is essential for the human body. Moreover, boron is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, hormone functioning, RNA, and nucleic acid synthesis. Different studies have revealed that boron supplementation can increase cell proliferation and cell growth. High concentrations of boron in the body lead to metalloid toxicity which damages DNA, protein folding, and membrane functions.In this study, the goal was to increase the transfection efficiency of human newborn foreskin stem cells (hnFSCs) and to evaluate the effect of boric acid (Ba) and sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB) in electroporation. The concentrations of Ba and NaB were determined by the cell viability assay. Among applied concentrations, 30ng/ml Ba treatment showed the highest viability rate while any of the NaB concentrations display no significant difference. Therefore, only Ba was used in the following experiments. Electroporation was performed with three different groups. Consequently, the use of Ba 18 in the preincubation, electroporation, and recovery medium significantly increased the transfection efficiency of electroporation.
Keywords: Foreskin Stem Cell, Electroporation, Boric Acid
The Examination of The Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic (Pre-Treatment) Effects of Vermicompost Using Allium Test At 48 H Treatment in Tissue Culture
Busenaz Tuncay1*, Deniz Yüzbaşioğlu1**, Çiğdem Alev Özel2***, Fatma Ünal1**** 1 Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Ankara, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0001-8700-7958 *[email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-2756-7712 **[email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-5952-1412 ***[email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-7468-6186 ****[email protected]
Abstract
Vermicompost (worm compost) is a widely used bioavailable product in conventional agriculture. It is often derived from a type of worm called Eisenia fetida (Red Californian Worm). In this study, the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of various concentrations of vermicompost against H2O2 on the sterilized Allium cepa bulbs grown in tissue culture were investigated. All onions were first rooted in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium for 3 days. Two different protocols were applied to the root tips. 1) A. cepa root tips were treated with 0, 5000, 10000, 20000, 40000 and 80000 µg/mL of vermicompost for 48 h to determine its genotoxic potential. 2) A.cepa root tips were also treated with the same concentrations of vermicompost for 48 h in the presence of H2O2 for the last 1 h (pre- treatment) to determine its antigenotoxic potentials. All the concentrations of vermicompost alone 19 significantly increased the frequency of the mitotic index (MI) compared the the control. However, none of them induced significant increase in the frequency of mitotic abnormalities. Again, all the concentrations of pre-treatment (47 h vermicompost +1-hour H2O2) of vermicompost increased the frequency of MI in root tip cells. On the contrary, 47 h pre-treatment of vermicompost decreased the frequency of mitotic aberrations induced by H2O2 applied to roots for the last 1 h of the culture. These results show that while vermicompost treatment alone does not induce genotoxic effects, pre- treatment of vermicompost revealed protective effect agaist H2O2. This study indicated antigenotoxic potential of vermicompost, which has been extensively used in traditional agriculture, against genotoxic chemicals. This is the first research indicating that vermicompost can be used in tissue culture conditions.
Keywords: Vermicompost, Genotoxicity, Antigenotoxicity, Tissue culture, Allium cepa
Acknowledgments: This study was financially supported by Gazi University (Project Code: 05/2020-01).
Fabrication of Antibacterial Metallic Foams with Multi-Porosity
Fatma Çağla Durmuş*1, Jose Miguel Molina1,2 1 Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain 2 Departamento de Química Inorgánica de la Universidad de Alicante, University of Alicante, Ap 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain *ORCID: 0000-0002-5236-6923, [email protected]
Abstract
Porous materials that exhibit multi-porosity by containing pores from the nanoscale to the macroscale are highly desirable for various applications such as catalytic systems, filtration, separation, or drug delivery. In particular, open-cell metallic foams have received considerable attention in recent years as materials for various engineering applications. In this study, multi- porous silver foams were prepared to start from an Ag-Al alloy by a combination of known replication and chemical dealloying methods. The replication method was used to obtain macroscopic pores and nanopores were generated by dealloying in acidic and alkaline media. The foams were extensively characterized using several techniques to determine the proportions of different pore sizes present. The antibacterial activity of the prepared foams was also characterized against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. To see the effect of multi- porosity on the microstructural (specific surface area, pore-volume, etc.) and antibacterial properties of the materials, different silver foams containing only macropores were also prepared from alloy Ag-Al by replication method and using pure Ag spherical particles by sintering method. The results 20 showed that the specific surface area of the macroporous foams increased from 0.425 m2/g to 4.08 m2/g when switching from macroporous foams to multi-porous foams, in which there is a significant presence of nanoporosity. Regarding their antibacterial activity, the multi-porous Ag foams showed a log reduction of 4.5 and 4.2 against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, in 24 hours, while macroporous foams showed only a log reduction of 1.5 and 1.2 for the mentioned bacteria, respectively. In conclusion, the methodology followed in this study for the preparation of multi- porous Ag foams enables the effective synthesis of silver foams with multi-porosity, which exhibit much higher antibacterial activity than the corresponding macroporous foams.
Keywords: Foam, Antibacterial, Silver, Dealloying, Replication
Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Iron Oxide (Fe2o3) Nanoparticle and Microparticle Forms on Alium Cepa
Derya Kızılkaya*, Fatma Ünal**, Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu*** Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Ankara, Turkey. *ORCID: 0000-0003-2783-2264 [email protected] ** ORCID: 0000-0002-7468-6186, [email protected] ***ORCID: 0000-0003-2756-7712, [email protected]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are important particles that have started to find widespread use as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia treatment, cell separation and detection, and drug delivery. Of these, iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NP) have begun to be widely used in clinical applications, as they are physically and chemically stable, biocompatible, and considered environmentally safe. However, some of the studies conducted in recent years revealed that Fe2O3 NPs can induce genotoxic effects. On the other hand, nanoparticles generate more toxic effects than micron-sized particles do. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genotoxic effects of two different sizes of Fe2O3, nanoparticles (<50 nm) and microparticles (bulk) (<5 µm), using Allium cepa.
125, 250, 500, and 750 µg/mL of both nanoparticles and microparticles of Fe2O3 were applied to A. cepa root tip cells for 48 hours. Both nano- and microparticles (except 125 µg/mL) of Fe2O3 caused a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) in Allium cepa root tip cells compared to the control. Also, both nanoparticles and microparticles of Fe2O3 induced various mitotic and chromosomal aberrations such as stickiness, bridge, C-metaphase, and multipolarity. The frequency of aberrations was significant compared to the control and dose-dependent. Increasing aberrations were higher in 21 nanoparticle treatments compared to microparticles. This study showed that both nanoparticle and microparticle forms of Fe2O3 significantly decreased the mitotic index and increased aberrations. The hazardous effect of nanoparticles was 1,26, 1,15, 1,40, and 1,92 fold higher than those of the microparticles at 125, 250, 500, and 750 µg/mL. These results revealed that both nano- and microparticles of Fe2O2 may induce genetic risk for humans and other organisms. Therefore, additional studies are necessary to clarify the genotoxic potentials of Fe2O3 particles.
Keywords: Iron oxide nanoparticle, Microparticle, Allium cepa, Genotoxicity
h-Fibroblast Cell Secretome’s Effect to Cellular Stress
Dilek Bahar* *Erciyes University, Genom and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK), Kayseri, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0002-4916-5071, [email protected]
Abstract
Fibroblast cells are the main cellular constitutive of epithelial tissue and have high regenerative capacity and clonogenicity and responsible for releasing and depositing Extra-Cellular-Matrix (ECM) molecules. That ECM is important because the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) niche in the ECM will likely alter their paracrine secretion. Fibroblasts produce collagen, hyaluronic acid, and pro-inflammatory cytokines that are involved in several physiological processes. Various factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyles, affect the cells by damaging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, oxidative stress-induced cell damage affects the cell renewal capacity to healing. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of treating h-Fibroblast cell secretome’s against H2O2 on Wl-38 and A549 cells at in vitro cell culture conditions. All cells were cultured in 10% FBS, 1%L-glutamine, and 1%Penicilin-streptomycin solution in high glucose DMEM culture medium at 37°C, humidified CO2 incubator. h-Fibroblast cells were cultured in a DMEM culture medium without FBS for 48 hours to collect secretome. Then the secretome was added to the cells for 24 hours to test the secretome effect. H2O2 was added to the cells for 24 hours to create cellular stress and both H2O2 and secretome were added to the cells to test of secretome effect for 24 hours. For the negative control group, nothing was added to the cells. After 24 hours MTT assay was performed to test cell proliferation. Annexin V assay and PI-DAPI 22 flourishes staining were performed to test cell apoptosis and ROS was measured to test oxidative stress. The results are presented as mean ± SEM. A value of p < 0.05 was set for the significance value.
Obtained results showed that h-Fibroblast cells secretome as a promising effect at H2O2 cellular stress.
Keywords: h-Fibroblast, secretome, cellular stres
The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Non-Stress Condition
Kürşat Çavuşoğlu1, Dilek Çavuşoğlu2 1 Prof.Dr., Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-6457-0457 [email protected] 2 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Department of Plant and Animal Production / Plant Protection Program, Turkey ORCID:0000-0002-7963-8204 [email protected]
Abstract
1.Introduction: Seed germination is one of the most sensitive stages of the plant life cycle. Both the seed during the germination stage and the seedling formed after germination is extremely delicate to environmental conditions. And if damaged, the plant life cycle may end before it begins. It is thought that comparatively studying the effects of growth regulators such as triacontanol (TRIA), 24-epibrassinosteroid (EBR), and polyamines (PAs), which have been found in recent years and are effective in plant growth-development events and of the hormones such as gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin (Kin), benzyl adenine (BA) and ethylene (E) on the seed germination will lead to promising developments in today’s world where hunger problem is one of the important problems. 2.Objective: In this study, the effects of GA3, Kin, BA, E, EBR, TRIA, and PAs (putrescine/Put, spermine/Spm, spermidine/Spd, cadaverine/Cad) on the germination and seedling growth of barley seeds under normal conditions were investigated. 3.Method: The coleoptile percentage, radicle length, coleoptile length, and fresh weight were determined for seedling growth parameters. Barley seeds were pretreated with distilled water and GA3, Kin, BA, E, EBR, TRIA, Spm, Spd, Put, Cad in germination experiments. Statistical evaluation of all parameters was carried out according to the DMRT test using the SPSS program. 23 4.Findings: The most positive effect on the final germination percentage and coleoptile percentage of barley was showed by E, whereas GA3 and Spm on the radicle elongation, GA3 on the coleoptile elongation, and TRIA on the fresh weight gain. 5.Discussion and Results: Kin, EBR, Spm, and Cad showed the same effect as a control on the final germination percentage of barley seeds while GA3, BA, Spm and Put partially promoted the germination percentage. TRIA had an inhibitory effect on the final germination percentage. Moreover, it was determined that the studied growth regulators affected to different degrees on seedling growth parameters and this difference was statistically important.
Keywords: Barley, Plant growth regulators, Seedling growth, Seed germination
Synthesis of Pharmacophore Compound Containing Triazole and Isoxazole Group
Emel Karakılıç 1*, Sümeyye Çol 1**, Mehmet Kınalı 1***, Arif Baran 1**** 1 Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey. *ORCID 0000-0002-8447-2851, [email protected] **ORCID 0000-0003-2932-9718, [email protected] ***ORCID 0000-0001-8032-8070, [email protected] ****ORCID 0000-0002-4117-5099, [email protected] Abstract
Thiazole groups are known to be an important component of vitamins, antibiotics, and various clinically accepted drugs. Beside that in recent years, coumarin and its derivatives are also known to be important compounds with many examples in the literature as valuable building blocks due to their various biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and enzymatic inhibition activities. Thiazole and benzimidazolo thiazoles bound to the C3 site of coumarins with strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Because of these coumarin properties, the aim of this study was to synthesize a molecule containing a coumarin group, as well as a drug carrier molecule containing the thiazole, isoxazole and triazole groups. First of all, we obtained compound 2 by starting with compound 1 which forms the main frame of the study (by applying nuclear displacement, cyclo-dipole addition, pitting reaction, separation and purification). Finally, we synthesized the pharmaceutical compound 4 with the addition of 2 + 3 cyclo (click reaction), to separate / purify the compounds, we used TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) techniques, fluorescence spectrophotometry and silica gel column 24 chromatography techniques. In addition, we determined the structure of the compounds using spectroscopy methods such as 1H, 13C-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and FT-IR (Infrared).
Acknowledgements: This research was supported by TUBITAK projects whose numbers are 115Z446 and 217Z043.
Keywords: Thiazoles, Isoxazoles, Triazoles, Coumarins
Synthesis of Bioactive Isoxazol Acrylate Compound with Diels-Alder Addition
Emel Karakılıç 1*, Sümeyye Çol 1**, Omar Khalid Abdulghafoor 1***, Arif Baran 1**** 1 Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey. *ORCID 0000-0002-8447-2851, [email protected] **ORCID 0000-0003-2932-9718, [email protected] ***ORCID 0000-0002-8210-027X , [email protected] ****ORCID 0000-0002-4117-5099, [email protected]
Abstract
Chalcones (flavonoids) are aromatic pigment compounds that have an antioxidant effect on fruits, vegetables, and various beneficial biochemistry, acting as physiological regulators, cell cycle inhibitors, and chemical messengers. In many studies, it has been proven that chalcones such as swertifrancheside, glycyrrhizin, and chrysin are antimicrobially effective against various microorganisms in vitro. Also, flavone derivatives have been found to inhibit the respiratory syncytial virus. Thanks to the unsaturated carbonyl systems and hydroxyl groups in the structure of the chalcones, it has high biological activity. The development of MAO-B (monoamine oxidases B isoform) inhibitor compounds in various chemical structures (pyrazoline, oxadiazole, coumarin, xanthine, chalcone, etc.), structure-activity relationships, and neurodegenerative diseases have attracted attention in recent years. In light of all this information, firstly, starting from the reaction of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and benzyl chloride addition, SOCl2 and (E) -3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one chalcone compound was synthesized. This chalcone 25 compound was synthesized because of a series of reactions such as obtaining oxime with hydroxylamine hydrochloride reagent, ring closure with DDQ reagent, and acetate of the hydroxyl group. Finally, as a result of the reaction of the isoxazole compound with acryloyl chloride and triethylamine, 4- (5- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) isoxazole-3-yl) phenyl acrylate was obtained by the Diels-Alder addition method of double bonds. All of the synthesized compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic data.
Keywords: Benzoisoxazoles, Chalcones, Diels-Alder Addition
Acknowledgment: This research was supported by the TUBITAK projects 115Z446, 217Z043 and SAU LUTEP numbered 2019-7-24-245.
Study of Function of Support Materials Used in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesis
Erhan BUDAK* * Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bolu, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-6476-8639, [email protected] Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride, which was first synthesized in 1852 by Balmain, had commercial importance for about 100 years. It is an unusual substance in materials science due to the different binding properties of boron and nitrogen. Because of structural similarity hexagonal boron nitride is also called "white graphite", and it can be used in wide range technologies from space applications to the cosmetics industry since, there is no known solvent for, it is resistant to acid-bases, and its lubrication, electrical insulation, thermal conductivity, and refractory properties. Although hexagonal boron nitride has many production methods (CVD, polymer pyrolysis, carbothermic reduction, etc.), it is often synthesized through high-temperature reactions of 1500 °C and above. In my previous study, it was not explained how the supporting materials affect the formation temperature when the hexagonal boron nitride synthesis temperature is lowered to 1100 °C, and this point remained as a deficiency. In this study, mixtures of boron oxide (B2O3), urea (OC(NH2)2), and supporting material (LiCl) were prepared according to the O'Connor method. Then, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed between 50 - 1000 °C to determine endothermic events at this temperature range. TGA analysis indicated that endothermic events were observed due to the decomposition of mixture materials, i.e., the elevation of CO, CO2, and other volatile substances. These events were observed between 50 - 600 °C for the mixture containing the supporting material 26 whereas 50 - 800 °C for the LiCl-free mixture. After that, these two mixtures were heated between 300 - 900 °C, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to mixtures at every 100 °C. It was observed that out of plane B-N bond formation decreased from 800 °C to 500 °C. As a result, LiCl usage provided homogeneous boron oxide solution. In other words, it increased the surface area of boron oxide, so it enabled the full reaction of boron oxide and ammonia.
Keywords: Hexagonal Boron Nitride, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
Investigation of Performance of Different Organometallic Compounds in Perovskite Solar Cells
Esma Yenel1, 2, *, İbrahim Erden2**, Caner Cebeci2***, Mahmut Kuş3**** 1Konya Technical University, School of Technical Science, Department of Electricity and Energy, Konya,Turkey 2Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul, Turkey 3Konya Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering Konya,Turkey *Dr.Öğr.Üyesi, ORCID:0000-0003-1348-6399, [email protected] **Prof.Dr., ORCID:0000-0002-3145-1280 ***Prof.Dr., ORCID:0000-0002-6998-6549 ****ORCID:0000-0002-9808-8279 Abstract
Thin-film devices especially perovskite solar cells (PSC) have been found by researchers as an emerging and interesting field recently [1-3]. Their low cost, facile fabrication conditions, and excellent performance make them attractive although they still have some problems that must be solved. In this work, we used some organometallic materials such as 4,5-diazafluorene derivatives and triphenylamine derivatives in perovskite solar cells as interface materials [2]. As an example, the molecular structure of F1-Zn is given in figure 1. Among those materials, F1-Zn showed performance improvement in comparison with reference devices. Reference solar cell showed 17.7% efficiency while F1-Zn doped solar cell was 19.4%. Figure 2. shows I-V curves of perovskite solar cells. This performance improvement is most probably due to better matching of the interface by using F1-Zn. The results showed that molecular structure of interface materials was very important for modification and improvement of interface features. All those results are presented and discussed 27
N
N N N N Zn N N N N
N
Figure 1. Molecular structures of F1-Zn Figure 2. I-V curves of perovskite solar cells
Keywords: Perovskite solar cells, 4,5-diazafluorene derivatives, triphenyl amine derivatives, interface engineering
Acknowledgements: The data used in this paper is derived from during Esma Yenel’s PhD thesis works at Yildiz Technical University.
References: 1-Noel, Nakita et al. 2017. 'A low viscosity, low boiling point, clean solvent system for the rapid crystallisation of highly specular perovskite films', Energy & Environmental Science. 10, 145-152 2-Kim, J.S., et al. 1998, Indium–tin oxide treatments for single- and double-layer polymeric light-emitting diodes: The relation between the anode physical, chemical, and morphological properties and the device performance. J. Appl. Phys. 84, 6859–6870. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.368981 3-Zhang et al., 2016. 'Film-through large perovskite grains formation via a combination of sequential thermal and solvent treatment', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4: 8554-61 4-Cebeci, Caner et al., 2016, Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of organic photosensitizer using D-p-D type 4, 5- diazafluorene ligand and derivatives for efficientdye-sensitized solar cell, Dyes and Pigments, 134: 77-82
Synthesis of Molecules Showing Sensor Specification One or More Than One Ring
Sümeyye Çol 1*, Emel Karakılıç 1**, Gökhan Kılınç 1***, Arif Baran 1**** 1 Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey. *ORCID: 0000-0003-2932-9718, [email protected] **ORCID: 0000-0002-8447-2851, [email protected] ***ORCID: 0000-0002-8113-198X, [email protected] ****ORCID: 0000-0002-4117-5099, [email protected]
Abstract
Carbazole and its derivatives are known as chromophores with highly conjugated systems, optical and electrical properties, carrying out active intramolecular charge transfer and donating electrons. Carbazole derivatives are often used for photoelectric functional materials. There are many literature on fluorescence chemosensors of carbazole derivatives for selective detection of metal ions. In the light of this information, we have synthesized a new carbazole derivative (Z)-2-(3-(((9-heptil-9H- carbazol-3-il) metilen) amino)-9H-karbazol-9-il) (6), which is a fluorescence chemosensor. First, we refluxed in the presence of DMF using carbazole, 1-bromoheptane and NaOH reagents to synthesize 9-heptyl-9H-carbazole (1). We obtained 9-heptyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde (2) by adding phosphorus oxychloride to compound 1 and refluxing in the presence of DMF. Subsequently, the carbazole compound subjected to a series of reactions (such as adding ethylene carbonate, nitration and reduction of the nitro group) to give 2-(3-amino-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethan-1-ol (5). As a result of the addition reaction of compounds 2 and 5, the targeted (Z)-2-(3-(((9-heptyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) methylene)amino)-9H-carbazole (6) was obtained. By examining the metal ion recognition 28 properties of this synthesis compound (6), we synthesized a new carbazole-derived sensor showing selectivity in the Cu2+ ion. For this compound, we made the optical changes induced by Cu2+ metal ions in ACN:H2O (50:50) solution at pH: 7.0. Fluorogenic recognition of Cu2+ by fluorescence spectroscopy was investigated. In the fluorescence recognition process, we determined the fluorescence of the compound as "turn off" by stoichiometric binding of the paramagnetic Cu2+ ion compared to other metal ions. We characterized all molecules using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and MALDI-TOF spectroscopic data.
Keywords: Carbazole, Fluorescence sensor, Fluorescence recognition.
Acknowledgment: This research was supported by both TÜBİTAK projects (115Z446 and 217Z043) and SAÜ LUTEP numbered 2019-7-24-246.
.
Technology for Preparation of Energy-Saving Gypsum Dry Building Mixture
Z.B. Fayzillayev1, А.D. Tillyaev2*, Sh.M. Sayitkulov2 1. Samarkand State Architectural and Construction Institute 2. Samarkand State University *[email protected]
Abstract
Dry building mixtures (DBM) are a relatively new trend in the production of building materials. At the same time, DBM for finishing and waterproofing works have taken their rightful place in the construction industry. When finishing work is performed with a quality improvement, labor productivity is simultaneously increased by 2-3 times. In the production of modern DBM, the problem of developing energy-saving technologies using local relatively cheap materials, possibly based on secondary raw materials of industrial production, agricultural waste, remains urgent. All over the world, the demand for high-quality building materials with high environmental, energy-saving, technical, and economic indicators have sharply increased. In the building materials market, DBM is widely represented by such well-known brands as Knauf, Rotband, Benefi, Eleron, whose products are constantly being improved in terms of operational properties and several other basic technical and economic indicators. To obtain an energy-saving plastering material, one of the lightweight and porous materials - perlite, was included in the composition of the drywall [1]. To increase the thermal characteristics of the mixture, sawdust from cotton stalks was included in the composition as an additive, as an annually renewable 29 agricultural waste material in the production of raw cotton [2]. Only in the Republic of Uzbekistan, 3-3,5 million tons of this valuable practically unused cellulose-wood material is produced annually. Particular attention is paid to the main operational characteristics of the product and the technical and economic features of this problem.
Keywords: dry mixture, plaster, thermal insulation.
References 1. The composition of the insulating plaster mixture. Russian Federation patent. RU 2 490 234 C, 2012. (In Russian) 2. Z. Fayzullaev , B. I. Saidmuratov , A.Tillaev , "New type of gypsum based liquid mixture", Journal NX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal, Special Issue-2020, Page 194-200.
High Performance Athermal Semiconductive Lens Design for Thermal Imaging Detectors
Ferhat Bölükbaş1, Erhan Akman2 1Electro Optic Systems Engineering, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-1570-1999 [email protected] 2Aviation Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Kocaeli, Turkey 2ORCID: 0000-0002-0044-8679
Abstract The optical lens design is the process of designing a lens that will meet a range of performance requirements and constraints, including cost and manufacturing limitations. The parameters include the types of surface profile (spherical, aspherical, holographic, diffraction, etc.) as well as the radius of curvature, the distance to the next surface, the type of material, and optionally the curvature and decenter. The process is performed in terms of calculations using ray tracing or other techniques to model how the lens affects the light passing through it. In this study, an Athermal Electro-Optic system operating in the LWIR (Long Wave Infrared) Zone was designed. The achievements of this study are that it includes all stages from design to production of an optical system operating in the LWIR region. These stages are the calculation of the targets to be detected based on distance according to Johnson Criteria (Detection, Orientation, Recognition, and Identification), determination of the main parameters such as EFL (Effective Focal Length) of the optical system, Input Pupil Diameter and Sensor Pixel widths and resolutions required according to these criteria. Determination and evaluation of basic performance parameters such as 30 MTF (Modulation Transfer Function, Distortion, Vignetting, and Transmission, keeping the deterioration in focus quality at a minimum level according to environmental conditions and finally determining the tolerance values of the optical system at the level that can be produced commercially and preparing the technical drawings. The necessary information for the market, from optical design to production of the optical system, and how they were obtained.
Keywords: Optical Design; Electro Optics; Zemax; Thermal Lens; Athermalization
Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles from Catechin Extract of Green Tea Leaf
Gönül Serdar*1 , Gülşah Gül Kılınç1, Münevver Sökmen2*** *1Karadeniz Technical Universty, Central Research Laboratory, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey *ORCID: 0000-0002-3589-2323, [email protected] 1Karadeniz Technical University, Drug And Pharmaceutical Technology Application And Research Center, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey **ORCID:0000-0002-9737-8477 2Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture, Department Of Bioengineering, 42080, Konya, Turkey *** ORCID: 0000-0002-7671-4160
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles using catechin extract of green tea leaves collected from the Eastern Black Sea region (Of-TRABZON) were investigated in this study. Firstly, we isolated catechin extract using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Subsequently, 10g of dried sample was shaken in 200 mL distilled water containing citric acid (0.1 M) for 90 min at room temperature and then extracted in a laboratory microwave device at 80 °C, 4 minutes, 600 W. The extracts were completely dried in the lyophilizer and transferred to the SFE system. Caffeine was separated by applying at 250 bar, 60 ° C and for 3 hours, and then the catechin extract was separated by using 0.5 mL/min ethanol, modified CO2- SFE extraction under the same conditions1. A different volume of catechin extract solution was added to AgNO3 solution (0,5- 2 mM) and the mixture was exposed to a household microwave at 90 W for 1– 30 min. Plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption spectra were measured to determine optimum conditions 2 (Shimadzu UVP-1240 spectrophotometer). 31
Keywords: Catechin, AgNP, MAE, SFE
References 1-Sökmen, M., Demir, E., Alomar. S.Y., 2018. Optimization of sequential supercriticalfluid extraction (SFE) of caffeine and catechins from green tea, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 133, 171-176. 2- Hussain, S., Khan, Z., 2014. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-capped Ag nanoparticles:preparation and characterization, Bioprocess Biosyst Eng , 37, 1221–1231.
Acknowledgment The authors deeply appreciate for the financial support of Karadeniz Technical University (BAP Project No. FBB-2019-8049)
Study of Bactericidical Properties of Heteroatomic Derivatives of Hexenilsuccinic Acid
Maharram Mammadyarov1, Gulshan Ibrahimzada1, Lala Huseynova1 1Institute of Petrochemical Processes of ANAS [email protected]
Abstract
The problem of corrosion of metal equipment and pipelines in the oil extraction and refining industry and its elimination is of great importance. The main reason for the acceleration of biocorrosion on the surface of metals under the influence of some microfungi and organotrophic bacteria is that the surface interacts with the anion-radical generated by microorganisms. Various methods have been proposed to prevent the growth of bacterial microflora. One of them is the use of biocidal corrosion inhibitors. Inhibitors of a universal type blocking the enzyme apparatus of bacteria are designed to suppress electrochemical processes, as well as to protect the insulating coatings of underground pipelines. The effect of nitrogen-containing inhibitors on the development and enzymatic activity of sulfate-reducing and thionic bacteria has been widely studied in the literature. For this, various heteroatomic (N, S, P) derivatives of hexenyl succinic acid (HSA) were taken, and the Pseudomonas fluorescents BH-1776 strain, which oxidizes hydrocarbons, was used as a control sample to study their biostability. Monodiethylamide of HSA, benzylamine of HSA, monoethanolamine of HSA, isopropylamine of HSA, diethylamide-benzyl ester of HSA, sulfided diheptyl ester of HSA, a phosphoric derivative of 32 monoethanolamine of HSA were selected for testing. The starting point was the mineral medium contained in ordinary tap water. A testing culture of microorganisms (1 ml), then a mineral medium (10 ml), and a test inhibitor (0.2 ml) were added to the tubes. A testing culture of a mineral medium and microorganisms was taken as a control sample, and 0.2 ml of hexadecane was selected as an organic substrate. Test and control tubes were incubated in a thermostat at 27 ℃ for 10 days. The biostability of the test substances was assessed by observing the development of microorganisms when the medium became turbid in test tubes and control tubes and taking into account the phase-contrast under a microscope. The results showed that the development of microorganisms taken as test samples took place in tubes containing monodiethylamide of HSA, diethylamide-benzyl ester of HSA, sulfided diheptyl ester of HSA, monoethanolimide of HSA. This shows that microorganisms can include these substances in metabolism. In tubes containing benzylimide of HSA, monoethanolimide of HSA, isopropylimide of HSA, the development of microorganisms was not recorded. Thus, the bioavailability of these samples has been proven.
Keywords: hexenyl succinic acid, microorganism, heteroatom, biocorrosion
Synthesis and Analysis of Sulfur Derivatives of Vicinal Dicarboxylic Acids
Ibrahimzada Gulshan1 1 Institute of Petrochemical Processes of ANAS, Petrochemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract
Metal equipment in contact with various aggressive environments is subject to erosion and destruction under the influence of external factors, the essence of which is corrosion processes. One of the most convenient ways to prevent corrosion is the use of inhibitors. Compounds containing various heteroatoms are mainly used as modern inhibitors in the oil and gas industry. The presence of the ether group and sulfo group in the composition of the compound has a positive effect on the lubricating, dispersing, washing properties, and the presence of nitrogen on the inhibitory properties. For this purpose, based on sulfur and esters of alkenyl amber acids (ASA) with different structures sulfur derivatives were synthesized. The reaction was carried out in the presence of toluene at 110-115 ℃ for 8-8.5 hours, the product was distilled in a vacuum. A yellow liquid product with a hydrogen sulfide odor was obtained. IR spectroscopy was used to study the structure of sulfur esters of ASA, as well as its physical and chemical properties, were analyzed. As a result of the research, it was found that the refractive index, boiling point, and density of sulfided esters are higher than those of the corresponding primary esters. To synthesize sulfo group-containing esters and their salts, ASA anhydride was first reacted with ethylene glycol and monoethanolamine. The synthesized diethylene glycol ether and monoethanolimide of ASA were then ethered with concentrated sulfuric acid and then neutralized with 33 40% NaOH solution. Sulfonated esters and their sodium salts are insoluble in T-30 oil. Synthesized sulfur derivatives of ASA have been tested as a component of conservation liquids. Therefore, their oil- soluble derivatives were used. Various compositions were prepared by adding 3, 5, 7, 10% (by weight) of sulfide esters of ASA to T-30 mineral oil taken as a basis for the preparation of conservation liquids. The compositions were prepared by mechanical mixing at room temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. After keeping the metal plates in the composition for one day, they were placed in the «Г-4» hydrocamera, seawater, and 0.001 % sulfuric acid solution as an aggressive environment. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that the corrosion resistance of sulfur derivatives of ASA esters is lower than that of esters.
Keywords: alkenylamber acid, ester, sulfur, inhibitor, conservation liquids
Differences of Polen Content in Royal Jelly Produced According to Different Feeding Methods in Two Locations of Malatya Province
Gülsah Yil1*, Semiramis Karlidag2, Abuzer Akyol3, Abdurrahman Koseman2, Ayşe Burçin Uyumlu4, Murat Yilmaztekin5, Selim Erdogan4, Ibrahim Seker6
1Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Battalgazi Vocational School, Plants and Animal Production Department, Malatya-Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-5124-7239, [email protected] 2Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Akcadag Vocational School, Plants and Animal Production Department, Malatya-Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-5997-2061, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-6491-9962, [email protected] 3 Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Hekimhan Vocational School, Mining and Mine Extraction Department, Malatya-Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-9324-8640, [email protected] 4Inonu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Malatya-Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-9169-9771, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-9517-9274, [email protected] 5Inonu University, Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Malatya-Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-5667-9169, [email protected] 6Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zootechny Department, Elazig-Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-3114-6411, [email protected]
Abstract
Royal jelly is a secretion of hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse bees aged between 5-15 days. This bee product is mainly for fed queens and queen larvae. Pollen analysis is used for determining the botanical origin of the royal jelly. This study is conducted between 22/06/2018- 34 06/07/2018 in the Battalgazi and Dogansehir districts of Malatya (Turkey) for determining the pollen spectrum of royal jelly. Five colonies were fed by sucrose and five colonies were reserved control group for each apiary. In the study Apis mellifera caucasica L.colonies were used. The sucrose group supplemented the syrup was prepared with commercial “crystallized granulated sugar”, by the ratio of 1:1 water. The hives were set up initiatively and queenless. Colonies were fed ad libitum. The royal jelly samples were prepared according to Ricciardelli d’Albore and Battaglini Bernardini's (1978) method for pollen determination. Totally, 140 royal jelly samples were investigated for pollen content and diversity. The analysis recorded over 30 taxa. While the results were determining the taxa, over 5 %, were accepted as dominant. The dominant pollen types were mainly for control group Quercus (32.93 %), Verbascum (12.39 %), Astragalus (7.40 %), Lamiaceae (7.40 %); for sucrose group Verbascum (45.75 %), Astragalus (14.91 %), Echium (14.53 %), Quercus (5.87 %) in Battalgazi; forcontrogroup Quercus (20.36 %), Astragalus (19.46 %), Verbascum (8.29 %), Lamiaceae (6.85 %), Sal ix (6.13%), Dianthus (5.23%), Poaceae (5.23%);forsucrosegroup Verbascum (43.37 %), Astragalus (29.31 %) in Dogansehir with differentiation in percentage among the stations and feeding methods.
Key Words: Pollen, Royal Jelly, Malatya, Turkey
Phenological Characteristics and Yields of Eksotika-2 and Somali Local Papaya Cultivars under Somali Conditions
Hafid Elmi Ahmed*, Hakan Engin** Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 17100, Çanakkale * [email protected] ** Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract This study was carried out between 2019-2020 in an open field located 10 km away from Afgoi city in Somalia's Shabelle region. The study aims to determine the phenological characteristics and yield performances of different papaya varieties under Somali conditions to suggest a suitable variety for the producers. The study trial materials were used was Eksotika-2, which is a hybrid, hermaphrodite variety that producers can easily grow without the need for adjustment of female-male ratio and which is preferred for export and local varieties. The nursery of the Eksotika-2 and local variety were planted in the open field at 3x3 meters intervals. In the research, plant height (cm), stem circumference (cm), number of leaves (number/plant), time from planting to first flowering, fruit set (piece/plant), time from flowering to harvest, and some criteria related to yield values were investigated. Analysis of the data was subjected to variance analysis using the SAS statistical package program, and the means were tested at the least significant difference (LSD) level of 5% significance. Plant height, number of fruits, fruit weight per plant (kg), time until first flowering, time from flowering to harvest were insignificant (P>0.05), Eksotika-2 in terms of stem circumference (cm), and leaf number (piece/plant) shown to be 35 higher. The highest yield was found in the Eksotika-2 variety with 41.177 kg/plant, followed by the local variety with 40.533 kg/plant. Instead of leaving two plants in each pit to maintain the male-female ratio and leaving 25% unproductive male plants in the field when flowering, Eksotika-2 is recommended to the farmers.
Key words: Papaya, Somalia, Hermaphrodite variety, Eksotika-2. Acknowledgment: This research has been compiled from a part of the "Master's" thesis of Agricultural Engineer Hafid Elmi Ahmed.
Theoretical Elucidations About Aggregation Properties of Aβ40 And Aβ42
Hakan Alıcı1 1Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Department of Physics, Zonguldak, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-5105-8331, [email protected] Abstract The intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, prion disease, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and as it is well-known, AD is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease is the anormal accumulation of the Aβ (amyloid beta), an IDP, fibril plaques in the patient brain. Therefore, the aggregation process of Aβ has been associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ1- 40, one of two main Aβ isoforms, is the most abundant Aβ isoform in the brain whereas the other main isoform, Aβ 1-42, is the major Aβ isoform in the amyloid plaques. Therefore, Aβ 1-42, is thought to be more neurotoxic because the extra two amino acids lead to a faster misfolding tendency and subsequently aggregation process. Although various scenarios have been proposed, the aggregation process of these peptides has not still been fully elucidated due to experimental limitations. In this context, the investigation of such biological processes at the molecular level using theoretical approaches can provide great research progress. It is well established that Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations are one of the main theoretical methods used for biological structures. For this purpose, we present an MD simulation study regarding aggregation properties of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 at 310 K. The MD simulations were performed using the Gromacs-v2021 program with the CHARMM36m force field and TIP3P water model at isothermal-isobaric ensemble. As a result, we expect that the MD simulation 36 findings in our study to shed light on future work on the aggregation process of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42.
Keywords: Amyloid beta, Molecular dynamic, Simulation, Aggregation
Synthesis and Structure Evaluation of New Sulfonylthiourea Derivatives
Hasan Yunus Aslan*, Emine Elçin Emre**, Ayşegül Karaküçük-İyidoğan*** Gaziantep University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Chemistry Department, Gaziantep, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-8078-2553 *[email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-8088-6010 **[email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-6840-9660 ***[email protected] Abstract
Sulfonylthiourea has an important role in medicinal chemistry. Compounds having sulfonylthiourea group have important pharmacological activity and have been studied extensively in recent years. Between the years 1935-1955, with the discovery of the blood sugar-lowering properties of some sulfonamide derivatives, urea and thiourea derivatives containing sulfonyl groups were synthesized and the hypoglycemic effects of these compounds were investigated [1-3]. Sulfonylthioureas are thiourea derivatives formed by the bonding of the arylsulfonyl group to nitrogen of thiourea, while the other nitrogen atom is usually bonded by alkyl, alicyclic, heterocyclic structures that determine the lipophilic property of the molecule. [4]. In this study, 4-bromobenzenesulfonamide was chosen as the starting material. 4-Bromo-N-(4-substituted phenylcarbamothioyl) benzenesulfonamide derivatives were obtained from the reaction of 4-bromobenzenesulfonamide with potassium carbonate and isothiocyanate in dry acetone [5]. After purities of the synthesized compounds were controlled with TLC, structures of the compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, MS, etc.) data. In a conclusion, our study, it is aimed to elucidate the synthesis and structure of new molecules containing sulfonylthiourea structure, which is expected to have different pharmacological 37 activities.
Keywords: Sulfonylthiourea, NMR, Benzenesulfonamide
Kaynaklar [1] Syed Ovais, H. Pushpalatha, G. Bhanuprakash Reddy, Pooja Rathore, Rafia Bashir, Shafiya Yaseen, Alhamza Dheyaa, Raed Yaseen, Omprakash Tanwar, Mymoona Akthar, Mohammed Samim, Kalim Javed. (2014). Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new pyrazoline substituted benzenesulfonylurea/thiourea derivatives as anti-hyperglycaemic agents and aldose reductase inhibitors. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 80, 209-217. [2] Levine R. (1984). Sulfonylureas Background and Development Of The Field. Diabetes Care. 7(1), 3-7. [3] Jilkina O, Kuzio B, Grover Gj, Kupriyanov Vv. (2003). Cardioselective Sulfonylthiourea Hmr 1098 Blocks Mitochondriyal Uncoupling İnduced By A Katp Channel Opener, P-1075, İn Beating Rat Hearts. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. 1638, 121-128. [4] Bashir, R., Yaseen, S., Ovais, S., Hamid, H., Alam, M. S., Samim, M., Javed, K. (2012). Synthesis and blood glucose lowering activity of some novel benzenesulfonylthiourea derivatives substituted with 6-aryl-4, 5-dihyropyridazin-3 (2H)-ones. Medicinal Chemistry Research. 21, 428-436. [5] Yıldız I.N., Oruç-Emre E. E., Taşdemir D., Karaküçük-İyidoğan A., Ulaşlı M., Bayram. (2017). Design and Synthesis of Novel Thioureas Derived from 4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)aniline as Anticancer Agents. Journal of The Chinese Chemical Society. 64(3), 321- 330.
Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil, Frying Oil and Refining By-Products
Hatice Palüzar* *Trakya University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technology / Chemical Technology Program, Edirne, Turkey ORCID:0000-0001-9232-8748, [email protected]
Abstract
The use of waste resources in biodiesel production is interesting due to its low raw material cost. In this context, the present study is based on the comparison of biodiesel production from sunflower oil obtained from the oil factory located in the Thrace region, acid oil as a by-product of refining, and using frying oil obtained by frying the oil as raw material. Biodiesel yield (%), methyl ester content, and viscosity (40 °C) of biodiesel produced using the specified raw materials were determined. Biodiesel was obtained with 89.23% yield from frying oil and 94.32% from acid oil and 94.7% from sunflower oil with acidic catalysis. The kinematic viscosities of the biodiesel obtained are 4.3 mm2/s for sunflower oil, 4.7 mm2/s for frying oil, and 4.87 mm2/s for acid oil. The results obtained show the usability of acid oil, a by-product of the refining of sunflower oil factories, which have an important production capacity in our country, in biodiesel production.
Keywords: Biodiesel, acid oil, acidic catalysis 38
Genotoxic Effects of Rod-Like Titanium Dioxide and Pedot-Coated Rod-Like Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Sister Chromatid Exchange Test in Human Lymphocytes
İrem Funda Duran1, Fatma Ünal2, Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu3 Gazi University, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Ankara-Turkey 1 ORCID: 0000-0001-7567-5553, [email protected] 2ORCID: 0000-0002-7468-6186, [email protected] 3ORCID: 0000-0003-2756-7712, [email protected]
Abstract
TiO2-NPs are used in many fields such as sunscreens and other cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, food coloring, battery and solar energy systems, and electronics due to their unique physicochemical properties. On the one hand, there is a wide industrial application and disposal of TiO2-NP, on the other hand, they are known to produce reactive oxygen species, induce genotoxic damage, and even cause cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genotoxic potential of rod-like TiO2 (R-TiO2-NP), PEDOT-coated rod-like TiO2 NPs (Pd/R-TiO2-NP) (50-500 μg/mL), and PEDOT (Pd) NPs (5-50 μg/mL) using sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test in human lymphocytes in vitro. R-TiO2-NP non-significantly increased SCEs/Cell in most of the concentrations.
In the case of Pd/R-TiO2-NPs, all the concentrations (except 250 μg/mL at 24 h) decreased SCE/cell at both treatment periods; some of them were significant. All the applications of Pd-NPs caused a decrease in SCE/Cell in both treatment periods. Decreasing was significant at six applications. These results 39 revealed that while R-TiO2-NPs have low genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes, Pd/R-TiO2-NPs significantly diminished SCE/Cell in some treatments compared to the control. In the case of Pd-NPs, quite a strong curative effect was determined in SCE/Cell compared to the control. As the result, R-
TiO2-NPs were more genotoxic than Pd/R-TiO2-NPs. Pedot-NPs do not have a genotoxic effect in these concentrations that are lower than the other two NPs. On the contrary, they showed a healing effect.
Pd/R-TiO2-NPs stands between the other two NPs in terms of their effects. For these reasons, it is still necessary to investigate the genotoxic potential of NPs using different test systems, different cells, and organisms.
Keywords: Nanoparticle, Sister Chromatid Exchange, Mitotic Index, Genotoxicity
Some Features of Salmonellosis Polyvalent Bacteriophage
Jumaniyazova M.B.1, Davranov Q.2 1Independent researcher of the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan (PhD) [email protected] 2Director and professor of the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Abstract
The lytic activity of bacteriophages is one of the important traits in their selection [1]. Detection of changes in the lytic activity of phages during the shelf life is related to the environment in which they are stored [2], which is the main criterion for determining the shelf life of bacteriophage drugs [3].As a result of the experiment, bacteriophages belonging to the genus Salmonella were isolated and adapted to 7 different salmonella strains isolated from patients with Salmonellosis in the Republic of Uzbekistan [4, 5], and Salmonellosis polyvalent bacteriophage was developed. At the time of initial separation, the phage formed clear spots in Petri dishes with a diameter of 1.0 to 7.0 mm.According to the results, 10-8 lytic activity was observed with S.enteritidis, S.typhimurium, S.newport, 10-6 with S.moscow and S.agama strains according to the Appelman method of Salmonellosis polyvalent bacteriophage, while S.yava, S.paratyphi B. lysis at 10–4 degrhafidees by strains. According to the Gracia method, S.newport, S.yava, S.paratyphi showed the highest 109 lytic activity with B strains, 108 lytic activity was observed with all other strains.Bacteriophage was stored in 20 ml vials in the form of liquid preservative phagelysate in the refrigerator at 5-10 ° C. Its lytic activity was checked every 2 months for 24 months, 40 for a total of 11 experiments. Although lytic activity decreased from 1.2 * 109 ± 0.6 * 109 to 4.6 * 108 ± 0.6 * 108 during this period, this figure fully complies with the requirements of the relevant normative documents developed for bacteriophages. Bacteriophages were found to maintain lytic activity in the range of 30 ° C to 60 ° C from 7.2 * 109 ± 0.3 * 109 to 4.8 * 109 ± 0.8 * 109. Experiments have shown that salmonellosis polyvalent bacteriophage can be used in the treatment and prevention of salmonellosis, given that it has maintained its lytic activity for 24 months with established production strains by specific pharmacological documents.
Keywords: 혉혢혤혵혦혳혪혰혱혩혢혨혦, 혣혪혰혭혰혨혪혤혢혭 혱혳혰혱혦혳혵혪혦혴, 혭혺혵혪혤 혢혤혵혪혷혪혵혺, 혵혦혮혱혦혳혢혵혶혳혦, 혚혢혭혮혰혯혦혭혭혢.
References: 1. Васильев Д.А., Золотухин С.Н., Феоктистова Н.А., Лыдина М.А., Кальдиркаев А.И., Макаев В.А., Швиденко И.Г. Биоиндикации бактерий Bacillus mucoides в обьектах санитарного надзора // Вестник Ульяновской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. ‒ 2013. ‒ №3(23). – С. 52‒56. 2. Jo´nczyk, E.; Kłak, M.; Mi˛edzybrodzki, R.; Górski, A. The influence of external factors on bacteriophages—Review. Folia Microbiol. 2011, 56, 191–200. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Фармакопейная статья предприятия ООО “AZIYA IMMUNOPREPARAT” ФСП 42 Уз‒24515246‒3701‒2019. 4. Gu, J.; Liu, X.; Li, Y.; Han, W.; Lei, L.; Yang, Y.; Zhao, H.; Gao, Y.; Song, J.; Lu, R.; et al. A method for generation phage cocktail with great therapeutic potential. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e31698. [CrossRef] 5. Kawecki, T.J.; Ebert, D. Conceptual issues of local adaptation. Ecol. Lett. 2004, 7, 1225–1241. [CrossRef]
Influence of Weak Graded Gap on Injection Diffusion Regimes of Current Transport in Semiconductor p-n Structures
A. Yu.Leyderman1, A. S.Saidov1, Sh. N.Usmonov1,2**, J. M.Abdiyev1*, Q. T.Suyarov2 1Physical Technical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100084 Uzbekistan *e-mail:[email protected] 2Chirchiq State Pedagogical University, Chirchiq, Tashkent region, 111700 Uzbekistan **e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
In a p-n– structure with an ohmic rear contact, made based on a graded-gap semiconductor with a linear dependence of the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band on the sample length an injection diffusion regime is considered. The band diagram and the diagram of the considered p-n- heterostructure with an ohmic metallic rear contact are presented. Taking into account the quasi-electric fields caused by the gradients of the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band, a complete system of equations is shown that describes the processes of excitation in such the material. Under conditions of the low injection level, the main equation of the problem is obtained; it describes the distribution of the concentration of nonequilibrium carriers in the base of such p-n– heterostructure in the presence of a weak variant. The case of the linear dependence of the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band on the sample length is considered. The distribution of the concentration of nonequilibrium current carriers in the base is calculated and it is shown that it has an 41 exponential character, but the diffusion length of minority current carriers (holes) now directly depends on the coefficients of the linear dependence of the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band on the length of the sample. The I – V characteristic of the p-n heterostructure was calculated under conditions of the ideal p-n junction and it was shown that a weak linear variance, i.e. the linear dependence of the bandgap on the sample length increases the saturation current.
Keywords: Current transport, Quai-electric fields, Semiconductors with linear variance, Saturation current.
The Spectroscopic Properties of Click Reaction-Based Bodipy Derivatives Prepared from Knorr Pyrrole
Akif Kağan Yılmaz1, Ahmed Nuri Kurşunlu2 1Selçuk University , Department of Chemistry, Konya, Turkey 1ORCID:0000-0002-1721-4465 [email protected] 2ORCID: 0000-0002-5490-668X
Abstract The use of these molecules is becoming more and more widespread, since molecular probes that can exhibit fluorescent properties that can be alternatives to these methods in the future can work in many ways, are sensitive, and can perform the quantitative determination. Molecular probes are inexpensive and fast, as they can be used as an analytical tool for medical, biochemistry, and industrial purposes. The expected outputs of the molecules targeted to be synthesized in the project enable the production of these molecules on a large scale, thus contributing to the national economy. In this study, a new Bodipy derivative containing organic groups capable of displaying ligand character is designed. These compounds were prepared from Knorr pyrrole. After necessary characterization processes, the absorption and emission properties of Bodipy derivatives prepared were investigated. In summary, an energy transfer mechanism has been proposed to develop a functional method for the design of new fluorescence sensors. Bodipy derivatives are targeted as molecular sensors providing energy transfer efficiency by bonding metal to the rotating part. It was possible to discuss whether the strategy developed in line with the results was promising in the new fluorescence design. In this study, synthesis 42 and characterization of fluorescent chemosensor molecules capable of selective metal ions were aimed. The thesis study focused on two main objectives. In the first step of the study, new Bodipy derivatives were synthesized and characterized. The Spectroscopic properties of the compounds were investigated in the second step.
Fig. General representation of molecules
Keywords: Bodipy, Click Reaction, Knorr Pyrrole, Fluorescent
Acknowledgement: We thank the Selçuk University BAP (Project Number: 20201001), Konya, Turkey and for financial support of this work produced from Akif Kagan Yilmaz's Ms. Thesis.
Synthesis of Monoesters of (C4-C10) Terminal Dicarboxylic Acids and Research of Anti-Corrosive Properties of Lubricant Compositions Based on Their Basis
M.A. Mammadyarov1, F.Kh. Aliyeva2, K.O. Israfilova3, N.A. Djavadova4 1Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after acad. Y.G. Mammadaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected] 2 Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after acad. Y.G. Mammadaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected] 3 Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after acad. Y.G. Mammadaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected] 4 Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after acad. Y.G. Mammadaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected] Abstract
According to the results of many years of research, it is known that, of a significant number of bases of synthetic oils, only some types show the best indicators, specifically oils based on esters of dicarboxylic acids. The wide range of metals used in jet engines makes it necessary to carefully study the corrosive properties of developed lubricants. Therefore, the use of lubricating oils with high anticorrosive properties and the addition of anticorrosive additives to them has become increasingly important in recent years. Diesters are used as the basis for synthetic lubricating oils since they have a low acid number (in the range 0-3 mg KOH/g), but during the synthesis of diesters, a certain amount of monoesters with a high acid number is formed, therefore we proposed to use the obtained monoesters as anticorrosive additives for lubricants. oils. The paper presents the results of studies on the synthesis of monoesters of (C4-C10) dibasic carboxylic acids as components of synthetic 43 lubricating oils. Succinic, adipic, sebacic acids, and alcohols of various structures (aliphatic, cyclic) were used as initial reagents for the esterification reaction. The general synthesis scheme is shown below:
(CH2)n-COOH (CH2)n-COOR1 t + R1OH -H2O (CH2)n-COOH (CH2)n-COOH n = 1, 2, 4; R1 = С4Н9-; С7Н15-; С8Н17-; СН3-С6Н10- Based on the obtained monoesters, 3% and 10% compositions with T-30 mineral oil were prepared. These compositions were tested as preservation fluids according to existing standards in a 5-phase, automatically controlled experimental chamber “CORROSION BOX-1000E”, reflecting the conditions of various aggressive environments. According to research data, compositions based on monobutyl and monoheptyl esters of adipic acid show a high anticorrosive effect (145-158 and 150- 164 days, respectively) compared to the well-known conservation oils K-17 and NG-203A (70 and 83 days, respectively) and meet the requirements for preservation fluids.
Keywords: Monoester, composition, preservation fluid, lubricating oil
Receptor-Guided 3d-Qsar Studies, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Acetylcholınesterase İnhibitors
Khalil El khatabi1, Reda El-Mernissi2, Halima Hajji3, Ilham Aanouz4, Mohammed Aziz Ajana5, Tahar Lakhlifi6, Mohammed Bouachrine7 Molecular chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 7EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni mellal, Morocco. [email protected]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most general progressive neurodegenerative disorder always related to a decline of memory and cognitive functions. As yet, neither preventative cure nor a satisfying therapy is available at present. Several drug targets are reported to control the severe level of Alzheimer’s disease, among which acetylcholinesterase enzyme is approached as a good drug target for this disease. Hence, the present study mainly focused to discover new N- Benzylpyrrolidine based derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors drug through several computational approaches. A dataset of N-Benzylpyrrolidine based derivatives previously synthesized and evaluated for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was studied using a three- dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study, revealing the key 44 structural factors of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were explored to reveal the binding mode between the selected molecules and the acetylcholinesterase receptor. The generation of 3D-QSAR pharmacophore models followed by its validation exhibited good predictive power for the experimental inhibitory concentration (IC) values. The molecular features characteristics provided by the 3D-QSAR contour plots were quite useful for designing six new compounds with high predicted potency. The designed molecules were further subjected to molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies and compared to the most active compound. The identified structure features for acetylcholinesterase inhibition through docking study showed a satisfactory correlation with the 3D-QSAR study. The comparison illustrated that designed molecules combined with acetylcholinesterase were more stable than the most active compound with the same targeted receptor. The results would provide valuable guidance for designing new reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the future.
Keywords: Molecular modeling, Computational chemistry, Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer’s disease.
The Inhibitory Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Powder on Different Types of Microorganisms
Mahmood abd aljabbar al tobje1 , Zahraa khalid al khero 2 University of Mosul [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Three concentrations of Ganoderma lucidum powder fungus that were produced by a DXN Malaysian company, were prepared using (200, 100, 80) mg/ml, and a sensitivity test for the positive bacteria to gram stain was made for Bacillus and S. aureus, and the negative bacteria to gram stain E.coli, Klebsiella and P. aeruginosa of this powder and compared with the sensitivity of the same genuses of the bacteria used in the study to some antibiotics Vancomycin, Bacitracin Gentamicin, Azithromycin, Trimethoprim, Ciprofloxacin. The study also included the determination of the sensitivity of some pathogenic fungi (C. albicans, C. tropicalis) for the fungus powder. The study showed that the S. aureus bacteria was sensitive to all the antibiotic types used here, but with different grades, and the inhibition ranged between (16-31 mm). Whereas the E. coli bacteria showed resistance to most of the used antibiotics except for the Gentamicin, while the sensitivity of other genera used in the study varied between resistant, high, and medium sensitivity. Some of the used bacteria showed high sensitivity to both Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. The S. aureus bacteria showed sensitivity to the fungus powder ranged between (11-24 ml), its sensitivity increased clearly with the increase of the powder concentration. While the Klebsiella bacteria showed resistance to high concentrations of the powder and medium resistance to the low concentration of (10 ml), the E. coli and Bacillus were resistant to the fungus powder despite the appearance of a slight inhibition in some concentrations. The P. aeruginosa 45 bacteria showed resistance to the fungus powder for all concentrations with the highest inhibition of (100 mg/ml). The C. Albicans fungus showed a medium sensitivity of (7-16 ml) to the used fungus powder in the three concentrations. While the C. tropicalis showed resistance to the effect of the fungus powder at low concentration, and its highest sensitivity in concentration was (100 mg/ml).
Keywords: Bacillus, Ganoderma lucidum, fungus, Gentamicin
Identification of The Negative Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on The Development of Partridges (Alectoris chukar)
Topchiyeva Sh.A., Madatov R.I. National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Zoology, Baku [email protected]
Abstract
The impact of negative biotic and abiotic factors on the development of stone partridges (Alectoris chukar) in vivarium conditions. All partridges were hatched in an incubator and then placed in cages in a vivarium. The development of young animals grown under different conditions was studied by measuring individual parts of the body, monitoring the total weight of birds, health status, and vitality. The first group of partridges, where heating without UV treatment was performed, turned out to be less viable than the second group of partridges, where, along with maintaining the temperature regime, the premises were treated with ultraviolet and infrared radiation. The life expectancy of partridges of the first and second groups for the 13 days of cultivation reached 96% and 97%, respectively. The influence of negative living conditions on the development of young partridges of domestic fauna was revealed. Preservation of partridges where, along with heating, there was also irradiation of the room with ultraviolet and infrared radiation) for a 13-day growing period reached 100% of the value. Preservation of partridges where, along with heating, there was also irradiation of the room with ultraviolet and infrared radiation for a 13-day growing period reached 100% of the value. From day 31 to day 120, the gain in weight of the partridge mass contained in the vivarium in the cages was 5.8–12.0 g lower than in the aviaries. Analysis of the data on the growth and development of stone 46 partridge chicks (Alectoris chukar) allows us to conclude that special attention should be paid to the organization of proper feeding in the first two weeks after the birth of the chicks when their rapid growth and development is observed.
Keywords: Alectoris chukar, partridge, chicks, ultraviolet, infrared radiation
Actinomycetes Isolated from Soil and Its Antagonistic Properties
Meral Ödemiş1, Çiğdem Küçük2 1Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Şanlıurfa Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-8750-8154 [email protected] 2Harran University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Biology, Şanlıurfa Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-5688-5440 [email protected]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the antagonistic activities of actinomycetes isolates isolated from corn-growing soils against some soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. The 48 actinomycetes isolates were isolated from soil samples. Isolates have been characterized morphologically and biochemically. All of the isolates grew well in the environment with pH 9 and 37 isolates grew at pH 11. In increasing doses of NaCI, the resistance of the isolates to NaCI decreased. 14 of the isolates grown at 8% NaCI. All isolates have grown at 40˚C. All isolates were found to be resistant to the antibiotics tested. Some soil-borne plant pathogens; Macrophomina phaseoli, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F.culmorum ,F.chlamydospore, F.moniliforme were used. Isolates inhibited pathogenic fungi at different rates. A11, A12, A28 isolates against R. solani; A14 and A3 against F.solani; A15 against F.culmorum and F.moniliforme; A14, A15 isolates and A71 isolates against F.chlamydospore were determined as the most effective. The highest inhibition rate was obtained by the inhibition of M.phaseolicola by A2. A2 isolate inhibited the micelle growth of M.phaseolicola by 93.6%. Besides, it 47 was investigated that the isolated actinomycetes isolates showed protease, cellulase, lipase, amylase, and chitinase enzyme activities.
Keywords: Actinomycetes, isolate, plant pathogen fungi, antagonistic activity
A Study on The Leaf Anatomy of Pistachio (Pistacia vera) Which Spread in Turkey
Mikail Açar*
*Munzer University, Tunceli Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tunceli, Turkey ORCID:0000-0002-1721-4465, [email protected]
Abstract
It is stated that there are 11707 plant taxa in our country. Some of these plants are cultivated and important in terms of nutritional value that can be consumed. One of them is the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) plant, which is important both nutritionally and economically. In our country, the genus is represented by seven species and one hybrid. Of these, P. vera is an agriculturally important plant species. This study aims to reveal the anatomical and micromorphological structure of pistachio leaves, view them with modern imaging systems, and create a database for future research. The samples that make up the study material were collected from the vicinity of Sof Mountain (Gaziantep) and kept in the laboratories of Munzur University. Samples to be used in anatomical examinations were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Individuals representing the population were selected for the studies. Sectioning was carried out by hand with the help of a razor blade, and after staining with safranin-fast green, it was turned into a permanent preparation with entellan. For the surface micromorphology of the specimens, the parts taken from the leaflets were examined in SEM, and anatomical examinations were 48 made under the Olympus BX53 microscope, and microphotographs were taken. Anatomical measurements were made with the "ImageJ" program. As a result of the study, the mesophyll consisted of only palisade parenchyma cells (Unifacial, 5-7 rows). The stomata are amphystomatic, and the leaflet is denser on the lower surface. It is also anomocytically arranged concerning neighbouring cells. There are three main vascular bundles in the midrib of the leaflet, and each of them has a large secretory channel with an average width of 75.26 µm. Abundant druse and prismatic crystals were found in the anatomical structure of the leaflet. At the same time, non-glandular and glandular hairs were found, and the glandular hair is in the form of a single-celled stalk and an elongated multicellular head. When the anatomical and micromorphological structure of the pistachio is examined, it is seen that it is a xeromorphic plant due to the abundance of crystals, the xeromorphic stomata and the straight of the epidermis anticlinal walls, the abundance of sclerenchyma cells in the anatomical leaflet structure.
Keywords: Anatomy, Micromorphology, Trichome, Xeromorph
Particular Solution of The Magnetodynamic Transport Equations for One-Fluid Plasma of Anisotropic Solar Wind
M.M. Bashirov 1, N.S. Dzhalilov 2 1Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory named after Nasiraddin Tusi (ShAO), of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), PhD, Assoc.Prof.Dr., department “Space plasma and heliogeophysical problems” H.Cavid str., 115, Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ1143, [email protected] 2ShAO, Corr. member of ANAS , Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected]
Abstract
The transfer equations of the anisotropic solar wind, referring to the MHD theory, were applied in the study, taking into account the difference between the heat fluxes and heat pressures between parallel and vertical. It is assumed that the anisotropy is due to the magnetic field. For a stationary state in a spherical coordinate system, the equations obtained only for the case of radial dependence include the components of solar wind speed (X), parallel (Y), and perpendicular (Z) heat velocities, as well as constants obtained during transformations (C5, C6). Since the general solution of the equations is not yet possible, research has been conducted to determine the specific solutions. The quantities X, Y, and Z are considered to depend only on the radial distance for simplicity. Previous studies have examined the solution of a system of equations based on different relationships between Y and X. In this work, it was possible to find several more special solutions to the system of equations consisting of three differential expressions using various substitutions and approximations that simplify the equations. Some special solutions for MHD transport equations for the single-particle liquid plasma of anisotropic solar wind have been found. The solutions can characterize the points after the number Max. But it is not a general solution. The specific solutions give an idea of the radial dependence of the solar wind speed, and the 49 solutions are important in the wider study of the solar wind, in the study of single-particle state and MHD theory, as well as in studying the properties, parameters, and geometric dimensions of the heliosphere and cosmic star wind.
Keywords. Sun, MHD, Solar wind, Solar corona.
Role of Nano Fe2O3 in Corn (Zea mays L.) Plants Growth and Quality Characteristics are Grown for Silage Under Alkaline Stress.
Mohammad Gazy Alobaidy1, Şeyda Zorer Çelebi2 1 Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Institute of natural and applied science, Department of Field Crops, Van, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0002-9894-9673, [email protected] 2 Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Van, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0003-1278-1994, [email protected]
Abstract: Corn silage with its relatively high energy content is an important source of forage in the world. In Turkey, silage corn has an important potential as a second crop under irrigated lands of semi-arid regions. This research aims to study the effect of spraying Nano Fe2O3 on maize crop characteristics that have grown for silage purposes under high pH soil conditions in Van city, Turkey. In the 2019 and 2020 summer seasons, Zea mays var. Tuono was planted with the spraying of Nano Fe2O3 arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application Farm of the Field Crops Department. Three different doses of
Nano Fe2O3 as (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg. L-1) as well as control treated by tab water were sprayed two times started at 54 days after planting and repeated after 15 days. The maize plant sprayed with Nano Fe2O3 compared to control improved the morphological studied character’s e.g. plant height leaves fresh weight, cob weight per plant, shoot fresh and dry weight, and stem diameter in maize grown for silage under alkaline soil conditions, except the number of leaves per plant and number of cobs per plant were 50 non-significant in both 2019 and 2020 seasons. Moreover, Fe2O3 increased inorganic chemical constitutes of maize, K, Mg, Ca, Se and Fe while Cu, Mo, Zn, Mn, and P were non-affected at the dough harvest stage. Application of 0.4 Fe2O3 recorded the highest values of growth and yield characters of maize for silage purposes under high pH soil levels. Therefore, it might have the possibility of spray the Zea mays plant with Nano Fe2O3 to improve tolerate of high pH soil stress and increase its silage quality and quantity in Van, Turkey.
Key Words: Maize, Nano Fe2O3, high pH soil, Silage, Inorganic constitutes.
The Impact of Climatic Change on The Distribution of Critically Endangered Anatolian Meadow Viper, Pelias anatolica
Muammer KURNAZ1* Gümüşhane University, Kelkit Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques 29600, Kelkit / Gümüşhane, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-0498-0208, [email protected]
Abstract
Climatic change has affected the biodiversity of the world from the past to the present. This global phenomenon is generally true for the biology and ecology of the reptiles are closely linked to climate. Pelias anatolia is only one of eight species belonging to Pelias subgenus inhabiting Turkey, and its distribution area is different from other vipers. For this reason, the species has a restricted distribution area in Turkey. Here, occurrence points of the endangered species and different climate change emissions were used for the evaluation of the potential distribution areas and possible habitat requirements of the Anatolian meadow vipers. Also, the areas of potential distribution from past to present have been calculated and evaluated for different climate scenarios. The results of the present study showed that while the Anatolian meadow viper having potential distribution area of approximately 20 x 103 km2 in the Last Inter-Glacial (LIG) increased their distribution area 4.5 time in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the distribution area of the species showed a narrowing five times 51 than LGM until today. This phenomenon shows that the increasing distribution area in approximately 120 thousand years has disappeared in about 20 thousand years. Ongoing climate change may profoundly affect the potential distribution of the Anatolian meadow viper population. Therefore, the restricted habitat of the Anatolian meadow viper should be the focus of intensive pre-emptive management efforts. For this reason, to start current conservation planning processes, local administrators may develop suitable climate predictions to determine the essential habitat requirements of the Anatolian meadow viper.
Keywords: Climate change scenarios, Ecological modeling, Endangered species, Species distribution modeling, Last Glacial Maximum expansion.
Investigation of the Effect on Schizophrenia of Change in Dopamine and Serotonin Neurotransmitters Entering into Sufficient Application Water.
Murat AYHAN* *ORCID 0000-0003-0254-5226, [email protected]
Abstract
The study focused on two neurotransmitters, dopamine (C8H11NO2) and serotonin (C10H12N2O) that affect patients with schizophrenia. Three-dimensional drawings of these two neurotransmitters were realized in the gaussian progIhlamı-am. The letters formed by the communication of the molecular structure of these two neurotransmitters with 3H2O were examined. Molecular structures moving with
3H2O and changes in their bonds and lengths were examined, and the electrostatic conduction of the synapses was examined. Geometric optimization of the two neurotransmitter structures in the Gaussian 09W program, the B3LYP (Becke, three parameters, Lee-Yang-Par bazr) / TD-SCF information set was made in the DFT calculation method. The calculations of the highest filled molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest empty molecular (LUMO) values of the geometric optimization form molecules were made.
In the two constructs, 3H2O was compared with the data obtained after binding with the data before binding. Thus, changes in H2O at the site of neurotransmitters were examined. As a result of interaction with water, bond lengths between atoms in serotonin generally increase, while bond angles between 52 atoms generally decrease. On the other hand, the opposite is observed in dopamine. As a result of water and dopamine, the bond lengths of dopamine atoms generally decrease. While the bond angles between atoms increase. Dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters work electrostatically reversibly concerning each other. We can say that two neurotransmitters on the functioning of brain chemistry are different. While the facilitating effect of a sufficient amount of water on dopamine reaction was around 0.38eV, the facilitating effect of water on serotonin reactions was around 3.47eV. As can be seen here, serotonin interacts with a sufficient amount of water. Tell us that its effectiveness approximately 10 times more than dopamine. Keywords: DFT, Dopamine, Serotonin, Schizophrenia, Gaussian.
Figure 1. Three – dimensional drawing of 22 atoms in the structure of dopamine in the Gaussian program.
Figure 2. Three – dimensional drawing of 25 atoms in the structure of serotonin in the Gaussian program
Investigation of Antibody Responses in Experimental Animals Immunized with Formulations of Breast Cancer Lizates with Different Adjuvants
Murat Ihlamur1*, Hümeyra Başarı1**, Emrah Şefik Abamor1***, Melahat Bağirova2**** Adil Allahverdiyev2***** 1Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Kimya Metalurji Fakültesi, Biyomühendislik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye 2Vali Akundov Ulusal Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve Medikal Profilaktik Enstitüsü, Bakü, Azerbaycan *ORCID 0000-0002-0458-5638, [email protected] **ORCID 0000-0002-1976-089X ***ORCID 0000-0002-9174-4528 ****ORCID 0000-0002-6018-832X *****ORCID 0000-0002-7031-5986 Abstract In this study, antigens were prepared from AU-565 breast cancer cells for the first time to be given to animals using autoclaving and freeze-thaw methods. Antibody responses of BALB/c type mice immunized with formulations containing combinations of these antigens with different adjuvants (Polyoxidonium (POX), Complete Freund (CF)) were compared. The AU-565 cell line was cultured in
RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FBS at 37°C, in an incubator with 5% CO2. Autoclaving and freeze- thaw methods were used to prepare antigens from cells obtained after passage. In the autoclaving method, the cells were kept in an autoclave at 121°C for 20 minutes. In the freeze-thaw method, cells were frozen and thawed in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for 15 minutes and this process was repeated 5 times. The supernatants were taken by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 3 minutes. The amount of antigen was measured in the UV spectrometer using the Warburg-Christian method at 280 nm 53 wavelength. The vaccine formulation to be given to mice with adjuvants was determined as 100 µg AU- 565 antigen, 100 µl CF adjuvant, or 250 µg POX and administered intraperitoneally to experimental animals. Immunization of mice was carried out 9 times, once a week. The amount of antibody in blood serum taken from mice was measured at 450 nm using the ELISA method. In the ELISA results, the antibody response in the blood serum taken from the animals was measured as 0.06 in the control groups. In the groups of antigens prepared by freeze-thaw method immunized with CF adjuvant, the highest response was obtained by measuring 0.662. As a result, it was observed that antigens prepared by the freeze-thaw method increased 10 times compared to controls in groups immunized with CF adjuvant. In the groups of antigens prepared with the freeze-thaw method, immunized with POX adjuvant, 0.084 was measured and a 1.25 fold increase was observed compared to the control groups. The antibody level was measured as 0.365 in the groups immunized with the antigens obtained by the autoclaving method and CF adjuvant and showed a 6-fold increase compared to the control groups. In the groups immunized with the autoclaving method and with the POX adjuvant, the antibody level was measured as 0.0825, and a 1.25 fold increase was found compared to the control group. The results obtained showed that after administration of antigens isolated from AU-565 cell line to experimental animals in combination with CF, a much higher level of antibody response was achieved compared to the other groups. It is thought that the antibodies to be obtained using this method will enable successful results in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in the future. At the same time, it was concluded that the formulations examined were suitable for studies on the development of monoclonal antibodies based on hybridoma technology.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Vaccine, AU-565, Freund, POX
Examination the Immunostimulant Activity of Human Breast Cancer Lysates with Different Adjuvants in Macrophage Cultural System
Murat Ihlamur1*, Hümeyra Başarı1**, Emrah Şefik Abamor1, Melahat Bağirova2, Adil Allahverdiyev2 1Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Kimya Metalurji Fakültesi, Biyomühendislik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye 2Vali Akundov Ulusal Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve Medikal Profilaktik Enstitüsü, Bakü, Azerbaycan *ORCID 0000-0002-0458-5638, [email protected] **ORCID 0000-0002-1976-089X ***ORCID 0000-0002-9174-4528 ****ORCID 0000-0002-6018-832X *****ORCID 0000-0002-7031-5986
Abstract In this study for the first, combinations of human breast cancer cell lysates (AU-565/MCF-7) and different adjuvants (Polyoxydonium (POX), Complete Freund (CF)) were used in the production of antibodies against human breast cancer and immunostimulant activity and cytotoxisity were examined in the macrophage cultural system. The AU-565 cell line was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FBS, and the MCF-7 cell line was cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% FBS at 37°C in an incubator with 5% CO2. Sonication method was used for the preparation of lysates. The amount of proteins in the lysate was measured by the Warburg-Christian method at wavelengths of 280 and 260 nm in the UV spectrometer. The amount of NO was determined by Griess method to determine the immunostimulant activity of different lysate concentrations and their adjuvants combinations in macrophage cell lines. 96-well plate were inoculated with 0.1 ml medium containing 10.000 macrophage cells and incubated for 1 day. It was incubated with lysate and adjuvants for 48 hours. Various 54 concentrations of lysate (10 µg/ml, 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 120 µg/ml, 160 µg/ml) were used. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT method. According to the results, Lysates from the AU-565 cell line showed the highest immunostimulant activity at a concentration of 160 µg/ml. At this concentration, the highest efficiency obtained from the treatment of lysate with macrophages is 8,333 nmol/ml. The highest efficiency obtained from the treatment of lysate in combination with CF adjuvant with macrophages is 11.628 nmol/ml. The highest efficiency obtained from the treatment of the combination of lysate with POX adjuvant with macrophages is 10.31 nmol/ml. In the cytotoxicity analysis of lysate at 160 µg/ml concentration, 114% vitality was detected in macrophages. On the other hand, lysates obtained from MCF-7 cell line showed the highest immunostimulant activity at a concentration of 120 µg/ml. The highest efficiency obtained from the treatment of lysate with macrophages is 8.605 nmol/ml. The highest efficiency obtained from the treatment of lysate with the combination of CF adjuvant with macrophages is 11,357 nmol/ml. The highest efficiency obtained from the treatment of the combination of lysate with POX adjuvant with macrophages is 10,233 nmol/ml. In the cytotoxicity analysis of lysate at a concentration of 120 µg/ml, 80% vitality was detected in macrophages. In line with this information, it has been determined that CF has a higher immunostimulant effect compared to POX. The results show that the combination of lysates isolated from AU-565 and MCF-7 lines with CF and POX can elicit a higher immune response than lysate administration alone. It is thought that it may be possible to use antibodies to be obtained using these methods in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Vaccine, AU-565, MCF-7
The Reaction of Tetrafluorobenzyne with 1-Naphthylamine A Novel: Approach forThe Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Diarylamines
Musa ERDOĞAN* *Kafkas University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Kars, 36100, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-6097-2862; [email protected]
Abstract Carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond-forming reaction is one of the most important reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. This reaction can be widely found in a variety of fields, including the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and natural products [1]. Diaryl amines having C-N bonds are important industrial intermediates and are generally found in a variety of biologically and pharmacological active skeletons such as natural products, antioxidants, and inhibitors [2]. Although many methods are reported in the literature, the preparation of the arylamines via Cu-catalyzed Ullmann coupling and Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions have been the most efficient and practical methods in modern synthetic chemistry [3]. These approaches several have certain handicaps including harsh reaction conditions, low reaction yield, and the necessity of using an excess catalyst [4]. Despite these disadvantages, expensive catalysts and ligands are still used in the present N- arylation methods. Therefore, it is important to develop new method metal-free and inexpensive methods.
55
Herein, an efficient transition metal-free method for the preparation of halogen-substituted aromatic amines using tetrafluorobenzyne (2) and 1-naphthylamine (3) has been developed and reported. The reaction between 1 Equiv. of 1-naphthylamine (3) in toluene and 1 Equiv. of tetrafluorobenzyne (2) generated in situ from 1-bromo-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene (1) and n-BuLi under N2 atm. at -78 °C for 13 h afforded diarylamine compound 4 in 73% yield. These mild reaction conditions exhibit good yield and represent a new synthetic strategy for the synthesis of substituted N, N-diaryl compounds. Also, a new preliminary report is presented here for obtaining substituted diarylamines with this synthetic approach.
Keywords: C-N bond forming, fluorosubstituted diarylamines, tetrafluorobenzyne.
References [1] Gonela, U. M., Ablordeppey, S. Y. New J. Chem. 2019, 43(7), 2861-2864. [2] Yadav, J. S., Reddy, B. S., Borkar, P., Reddy, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50(48), 6642-6645. [3] Chen, W., Chen, K., Chen, W., Liu, M., Wu, H. ACS Catal. 2019, 9(9), 8110-8115. [4] Nadri, S., Rafiee, E., Jamali, S., Joshaghani, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55(30), 4098-410.
Patients with Vascular Dementia Treated in A Psychiatric Hospital During The Covid-19 Pandemic and Their Problems
R.Z. Karimova* Azerbaijan Medical University, Republican Psychiatric Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Azerbaijan Republic [email protected]
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that people with psychiatric disorders are more likely to be affected by the stress associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. Taking into account of the above, it can be concluded that the most exposed to the psychological effects of the pandemic period are older people with psychiatric disorders. The purpose of the study: To study the problems faced by patients with dementia in inpatient treatment in a strict quarantine regime. Methods: The study was conducted on 190 patients with dementia in the gerontology departments of the Psychiatric Hospital of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Data were collected on the basis of clinical and pathopsychological examinations, observations of medical staff. BPRS, NPI-Q and MMSS tables were also used. Data were processed in SPSS-23. Discussion: The study was conducted for 5 months. The age range of patients was 60-91. From 190 56 dementia patients, 57.9% (110 patients) were diagnosed with vascular dementia. In quarantine, 80% of changes occurred in psychopathological symptoms. According to the results of tests, changes in psychopathological symptoms are more common in patients with vascular dementia. MMSE testing was performed before and after the strict quarantine regime. An increase in dementia was observed in 6.25% of other dementia patients and in 29.09% of patients with vascular dementia. Somatic complaints and exacerbations of chronic diseases were observed in 21.3% of patients with other types of dementia and in 36.6% of patients with vascular dementia. Results: During the Covid-19 pandemic, more attention should be paid to patients with vascular dementia receiving inpatient treatment in quarantine; Psychopathological changes and aggravation of chronic diseases are more common in patients with other types of dementia because they are more difficult to adapt to new stressful conditions.
Keywords: psychotropic drugs, drug side effects, patients with vascular dementia, neuroleptics, psychopharmacology
Dielectric Properties of Cd1−XFexSe Semimagnetic Semiconductors
N.R. Gasimova3, M.A. Mehrabova1, T.I. Kerimova1, N.H. Hasanov2, T.M. Panahov3, S.S. Farzaliyev4 1Institute of Radiation Problems, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 2Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan 3Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Baku, Azerbaijan 4Institute of Physics, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract
The Cd1–xFexSe compounds are of potential interest, because these semiconductors, in contrast with the previously studied Cd1–xMnxTe and Cd1– x FexTe compounds that have a sphalerite structure, crystallize in the wurtzite structure. The Cd1-xFexSe compounds are single-phase for x < 0.15. This work presents the results of experimental studies of the dielectric properties of Cd1-x FexSe , х=0.04. It has been investigated temperature-frequency dependences of dielectric permittivity and conductivity of Cd1-x FexSe e (x=0.04) at the measuring field frequencies f =25 Hz–1 MHz in the temperature range T = 160÷500 K. The Cd1-x FexSe (x = 0.04) were synthesized by alloying primary components (purity no less than 99.99) in evacuated quartz cells. The crystal structure has been studied by the X-ray diffraction method on the Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer. The capacitance, dielectric permittivity, and conductivity were determined, were measured using an E7-20 immittance meter. The temperature- frequency dependences of dielectric permittivity show that the dielectric permittivity remains constant over the entire measured frequency range at low temperatures Т=160÷230 K. A further increase in the 57 temperature Т > 230K leads to an increase in the permittivity. The slope of the curves obtained at low frequencies up to a frequency of about f < 10 kHz remains constant, at frequencies above f > 10 kHz, an increase appears with a tendency towards saturation. There are two maximums at the temperatures 313 and 446 K. It was studied the temperature dependences of conductivity for the Cd1-x FexSe in the temperature range T=160÷465 K and at frequencies 25 Hz–1 MHz. It can be seen that σ remains constant in the temperature range T=160÷350 K, then a sharp increase in the curves occurs. The conductivity reaches a maximum at the temperature T=452 K and then decreases.
Keywords: Semimagnetic semiconductors, dielectric permittivity, conductivity, temperature, frequency
Current Liposomal Nanoformulations Used in Nucleic Acid Delivery in Medical Field
Özlem Gökçe Ekinci1, Ezgi Yalçinkaya2, Mehmet Ercan3, Şerife Çakir4* 1 Erciyes University, Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Genetik Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0001-7547-3425, [email protected] 2 Erciyes University, Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Genetik Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0001-7547-3425, [email protected] 3 Erciyes University, Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Genetik Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0002-7248-8004, [email protected] 4 Erciyes University, Mühendislik Fakültesi Biyomedikal Mühendisliği Bölümü, Kayseri, Turkey. *Corresponding Author ORCID: 0000-0001-8965-6580, [email protected]
Abstract
The rapid development of lipid-based colloidal nanocarrier use in gene therapy in recent years has enabled new developments in medicine and thus increased drug therapeutic efficacy. Biocompatible and biodegradable lipid-based nanosystems made it possible to efficiently transport drugs that are insoluble in water and especially side effects on their own in the body. The most important of the colloidal nanocarriers were liposomes used as the first and only FDA-approved siRNA (small interfering RNA molecule) carrier. There are many liposomal formulations commercialized in most clinical applications, eg Doxil®, Ambisome®, DepoDur™. Control of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, high bioavailability, and low toxicity are among the advantages that enable liposomes to be used successfully in clinical trials. Liposomes are vesicles containing an aqueous 58 core and lipid double layer, the size of which varies between 50 nm and 1000 nm. Lipophilic molecules can be trapped in hydrophobic portions contained in liposomes or in hydrophilic aqueous core hydrophilic molecules can be encapsulated. The lipid composition it contains, the size of the vesicle, and its surface charge are important parameters that should be considered in determining the in vivo and in vitro activities of liposomes and controlling the stability of the molecules they carry and the vesicle. Natural and synthetic phospholipids, helper lipids, and cholesterol constitute the main structure of liposomes. In this context, liposomes emerge as ideal gene delivery vehicles due to their biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic structures due to their resemblance to cell membranes. Liposomes are frequently used as a nanocarrier in the delivery of drugs and small molecules in medicine, as an adjuvant in the vaccine, and as an imaging agent in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this review, the medical application fields of liposomes and their contribution to antigen delivery as vaccine adjuvant will be discussed. Also, various liposomal formulations approved by the FDA in the clinic will be emphasized and the roles of liposomes in nucleic acid transport will be discussed.
Keywords: Liposomes, lipid compositions, nucleic acid delivery, therapeutic efficacy, liposomal vaccines
Modeling of Cluster Member Evolved Stars – Loss of Mass
Zeynep ÇELİK ORHAN 1 1 Ege University, Fen Fakültesi, Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü, İzmir, Turkey. ORCID 0000-0002-9424-2339 [email protected] Abstract
Understanding the structure and evolution of stars is one of the most important problems for astrophysicists. However, it is very difficult to determine the basic parameters of stars by ground-based observation. Therefore, more model-based studies were continued in this area. Nowadays, a golden age is being experienced for astrophysicists who conduct internal structure studies by obtaining asteroseismic data of stars with space telescope observations. Especially with ESA's CoRoT and NASA's Kepler and TESS space telescope, detailed studies can be carried out on stars that solar-like oscillation. In this study, solar-like oscillation evolved stars observed with the Kepler spacecraft were examined. From here, the fundamental parameters of the stars were determined very precisely by asteroseismic methods. It has been revealed that the best representative models in interior models constructed using the MESA evolution code should be made with mass loss. Also, in this study, the methods called scaling relations, which are widely used in the literature to determine the fundamental parameters of solar-like oscillation stars, are tested for these stars. However, this study revealed that these relations are not valid for solar-like oscillation evolved stars. New scaling relations are needed for such stars.
59 Keywords: Asteroseismology, Structure and evolution of stars, Evolved stars, Solar-like oscillation
Discovery of New 5,5-Diphenylimidazolidine-2,4- Dione Derivatives as Anticancer Agents, Using 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies
Reda El-mernissi1, Khalil El khatabi1, Ayoub Khaldan1, Larbi Elmchichi1, Mohammed Aziz Ajana1, Tahar Lakhlifi1, Mohammed Bouachrine2 1 University of Moulay Ismail, Faculty of Science, MCNSL, Meknes, Morocco [email protected] 2 EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni mellal, Morocco [email protected]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers cancer as the deadliest disease, according to the increase in death in the 21 century. In the search for new therapeutic molecules, scientific researchers consider the blocking EGFR may keep cancer cells from growing. The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used to treat cancer. A series of eighteen 5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4 dione derivatives as anticancer agents were studied based on the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR). This study was built using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) contours. The generated models were under the model acceptance criteria. The two contours were obtained to specify the types of groups that can be added to increase the activity, based on these findings from the consideration of these methods we designed four compounds and having high inhibitory activity. Docking molecular as an important 60 method is performed for exploring the interactions between the ligand and the EGFR tyrosine kinase protein (PDB ID: 2ITY) and was also used to determine the total score. The designed compounds exhibit favorable interactions and a higher total score, while the most active compound in the database showed unfavorable interactions and a lower total score. Some newly proposed compounds showing good results of ADMET (adsorption–distribution–metabolism–excretion–toxicity). These compounds are important against cancer and all of them are easy to synthesize.
Keywords: 5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4- dione , 3D-QSAR,CoMFA,CoMSIA,
Production of Chitin Micro Swimmers from Moth Wing Scales
Reyhan Seher BAŞTUĞ* *Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi, Aksaray Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoteknoloji ve Moleküler Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Aksaray, ORCID:0000-0001-7376-1394, [email protected]
Abstract Lepidoptera is a very large family with 18,000 species including butterflies and moths. Each living organism in this family has developed different wing structures for various reasons such as survival and affecting the opposite sex. The main difference between butterflies and moths is that moth wings are longer and stronger than butterfly wings. Moths have fragile scales that cover the surface of the wing structure. These scales ensure that the moth can stay in the air and is protected from environmental conditions. The main component of the moth wing skeleton is chitin. Chitin is a hard, inelastic, polysaccharide-based biopolymer that is the most abundant in the world after cellulose. It is found in different structures of various organisms such as arthropods, Mollusca, worms, sponges, algae, mushrooms, and corals. According to the polymer structure of chitin, it can be found in 3 different forms in nature; α, β and γ forms. Thanks to its non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, chitin have widespread usage areas such as in water purification, textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agriculture. The microstructure of moth wings has hydrophobic and aerodynamic properties. Thanks to the hydrophobic nature of scales, the moth flies easily and it can control the wettability. Also, owing to its aerodynamic feature, their hollow honeycomb appearance 61 is promising a loading ability. These unique features make the moth wing scales have a very high potential for alternative applications. Although the moth wing is an interesting topic in the literature, there are still deficiencies in moth wing scale structure. In this study for the first time, the structure of the obtained moth wing scales was characterized via Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and EDS analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it is desired to develop moth wing scales as a micro-swimmer and to be used in biomedical applications. For future applications, it is foreseen that a moth wing scale can be used in applications of controlled drug release in the body by loading drugs into micro-swimmers.
Keywords: Chitin, Moth wing, Micro-swimmer, Characterization
Laboratory-Supported Teaching Approaches of Science Teachers and Their Views on Laboratory Use and Trends in Monitoring Technological Innovations
Samet ERTEM* Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği Yüksek Lisans Programı, Kocaeli *ORCID: 0000-0002-2410-2082, [email protected]
Abstract This study, it is aimed to examine the opinions of Science teachers about the use of laboratories, equipment, and competencies, which have a very important place in Science lessons, their tendency to follow technological innovations, and whether they participate in in-service training activities related to laboratory and technological applications. The research is a descriptive study in a general survey model, and it was carried out with 74 Science course teachers working in the official secondary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the province of Kocaeli in the academic year 2020-2021. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) were used in the analyzes. As a result of the study, it was determined that the biggest obstacles for science teachers to experiment, use laboratory and technology are the lack of equipment in schools and the limitation of the course hours determined by the program. Also, it has been revealed that laboratories are thought to be useful in many ways, however, classrooms are preferred more than laboratories for 62 conducting experiments, and the majority of teachers in the laboratory use need in-service training on the use of technology in laboratories and education.
Keywords: Laboratory assisted teaching, laboratory use, technological innovations
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenantroimidazole Based Schiff Base Compounds
Seda Mücella Toprak*, İbrahim Karataş** *Selcuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü, Konya, Turkey. * ORCID ID: 000311903750 [email protected] **Selcuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü, Konya, Turkey. ** ORCID ID:0000000170247568 [email protected]
Abstract
In this study firstly, phenanthrene-9,10-dione suitable reagents with imidazole derivative was synthesise. Then, the imidazole compound was converted into the aldehyde derivative using the Duff reaction. Finally, the target schiff base compound was synthesized from the reaction of aldehyde compound and N-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine compound (Schema-1). Then, the interactions of the synthesized compound with metals (Li+, Ni2+ Co2+, Ag+, Zn2+ Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cr3+ ve Al3+) under appropriate conditions were investigated using fluorescence spectrophotometry. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that the target compound turn on with only Al3+ metal among metals.
Keywords: Imidazole, Schiff base, Al3+, Phentroimidazole
63
i: CH3COONH4, CH3COOH, p-hydroxy benzaldehyde, reflux;
ii: HMTA, TFA, Refluks; iii: N-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine, refluks
Schema.1. Target Compound synthesis scheme
Unsymmetrical Metallo-Phthalocyanines Containing Alkynyl Moieties
Sedef Albayrak1*, H. Yasemin Yenilmez1**, Zehra Altuntaş Bayır1*** 1 Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey ORCID :0000-0001-7784-180X, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-9009-5741 ORCID: 0000-0003-1761-6074 Abstract
Porphyrin and its analogs are one of the most studied subjects in material science. Porphyrin derivatives are found in nature and phthalocyanine derivatives are synthesized synthetically. Due to their 18π-electron delocalization and chemical stability, they can be used in many fields of applications; chemical sensors, catalyst, liquid crystal, solar cell, paint, and pigment application areas can be given as examples [1]. The remarkable properties of phthalocyanines are constrained in application due to their tendency to aggregation. Phthalocyanine derivatives with long alkyl and alkoxy groups attached to the peripheral or non-peripheral locations have been synthesized to overcome the tendency to aggregation [2]. Our previous studies have published the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetric alkynyl-substituted metal phthalocyanines [3, 4]. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrical metal phthalocyanines which carry six peripheral hexylthio substituents and a peripheral thiophene-3-ylethylnyl (or (2, 4-difluorophenyl) ethnyl) group. Sonogashira cross-linking reaction carried out the synthesis of the dinitrile derivative. The new compounds have been characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopic data. Keywords: Phthalocyanine, thiophene, ethynyl 64 References: [1] Leznoff, C. C.; Lever, A. B. P., Phthalocyanines properties and applications, Vol. 1, VCH Publisher, Weinheim, 1989. [2] Mc Keown, N. B., Phthalocyanine Materials: Synthesis, Structure and Function, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998. [3] Kumral E.; Yenilmez, H. Y.; Albayrak S.; Şahin NŞ.; Altındal A.; Bayır, Z. A. Dalton Transactions, 2020, 49, 9385-9392. [4] Kalkan, A.; Koca, A.; Bayır, Z. A., Polyhedron, 2004, 23, 3155-3162.
Funding: This work is supported by TUBİTAK (Project no: 118Z731).
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Salicylic Acid Derivative in Allium cepa Root Tip Cells
Selin Can1, Halil Erhan Eroğlu2, Mehmet Gümüş3, İrfan Koca4 1 Yozgat Bozok University, Department of Biology, Yozgat, Turkey. ORCID:0000-0002-9083-0643, [email protected] 2 Yozgat Bozok University, Department of Biology, Yozgat, Turkey. ORCID:0000-0002-4509-4712, [email protected] 3 Yozgat Bozok University, Occupational Health and Safety Department, Yozgat, Turkey. ORCID:0000-0001-9262-7940, [email protected] 4 Yozgat Bozok University, Chemistry Department, Yozgat, Turkey. ORCID:0000-0001-7873-159X, [email protected]
Abstract
Today, the continuous production of chemicals and their release to the environment increase the importance of determining the possible cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of these substances. Salicylic acid derivatives with a wide spectrum of biological activity potentials are frequently used in agriculture and many other fields, especially medicine and pharmacy. These compounds have an important cycle in the biological system due to both their widespread use and variations. In this study, possible cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of a salicylic acid derivative (SA?) were investigated at five different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM) using the Allium test system. In A. cepa cells, a decrease in mitotic index and cytotoxic effect were detected due to increasing concentrations. Also, increased concentrations induced genotoxic effects by inducing chromosomal abnormalities such as bridging, stickiness, c-mitosis, anaphase lagging, vagrant chromosome, binucleate cell, and polar defect (multipolar and diagonal anaphase). According to the results, 65 concentrations of 50 and 100 µM are EC50 (p<0.05). In conclusion, in this study, it is emphasized that salicylic acid derivative, which is potentially used in medicine and pharmacy, may cause genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in living structures.
Keywords: Salicylic Acid, Allium, Mitotic Index, Chromosome Aberration
Acknowledgment: This work was supported by Yozgat Bozok University, Scientific Research Projects Fund with Project number 6602a -FEN/20-404.
Investigation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Different Extracts from Plantago lanceolata (Sinirli ot) Plant
Semih Gökdağ1*, Fulya Doğaner1**, Fatma Caf2***, Bülent Kaya2**** 1 Aksaray University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Turkey. * ORCID 0000-0002-2490-5563 [email protected] **ORCID 0000-0002-6543-8447 [email protected] 2 Bingöl University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Turkey. ***ORCID 0000-0002-0363-4848 [email protected] ****ORCID 0000-0002-1216-6441 [email protected]
Abstract In this study, the antioxidant and anticancer effects of the extract obtained from the Plantago lanceolata (Sinirli ot) plant were investigated. The extracts of the Plantago lanceolata (Sinirli ot) plant were prepared by treating with solvents of different polarities. Respectively the plant extracts were obtained according to the increasing polarity of the solvents Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and distilled water. Anticancer and antioxidant activities were examined, respectively. For determination antioxidant activity, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity, phenolic acid content, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, and metal chelating capacity were determined. Phenolic substance contents were determined; Methanol extract> Ethylacetate extract> Dichloromethane extract> Hexane extract> distilled water extract. Also, Phenolic acid contents was; Methanol extract> Ethylacetate extract> Hexane extract> Dichloromethane extract> distilled water extract. Flavonoid contents; Dichloromethane extract> Methanol extract> Ethylacetate extract> Hexane extract> distilled water extract. As a result of various extracts of the Plantago lanceolata (Sinirli ot), Methanol Extract> Ethyl 66 Acetate Extract> Pure Water Extract> Hexane Extract> Dichloromethane Extracts were determined to eliminate the effect of DPPH free radical. Also for determination of the mineral chelating activity; Methanol Extract> Hexane Extract> Pure Water Extract> Dichloromethane Extract> Ethyl Acetate Extracts were determined. Antioxidant contents as a result of different extracts of Plantago lanceolate (Sinirli ot) plant used in determination of antioxidant capacity; Methanol extract> Ethylacetate extract> Dichloromethane extract> Hexane extract> distilled water extract. For the determination of anticancer activity PC-3 prostate cancer cell line was used. Different extracts of Plantago lanceolata (Sinirli ot) plant were applied to PC-3 prostate cells and their proliferative activities were observed. Generally, all concentrations of Plantago lanceolata (Sinirli ot) plant extracts showed a cytotoxic effect.
Keywords: Plantago lanceolata, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity.
4D-QSAR ANALYSIS OF SOME PYRAZINE ANALOGUES aS PDE 2 INHIBITORS
Semiha KÖPRÜ*, Emin SARIPINAR** Erciyes University, Fen Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Kayseri, Turkey. ORCID:0000-0002-2269-6980, [email protected] ** Prof.Dr., ORCID:0000-0002-0116-0239 Abstract
In this work, we present the results of pharmacophore identification and bioactivity prediction for some pyrazine analogs as a class of PDE2 inhibitors by means of the Electron Conformational- Genetic Algorithm method1. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a large family of enzymes encoded by 21 different genes in humans and play a key role in the central nervous system in a variety of biological processes2. EC-GA method was developed that combines EC and GA methods. Conformational analysis and quantum chemical calculations of compounds have been worked Spartan 10 software at Hartree Fock 3-21 G* level. Then the ECMC matrix was prepared that contains distances between atoms and Mulliken charges for pharmacophore identification. In this study 44 training, 21 test set was used. For the predictive capabilities, the best subset of descriptors was calculated for a range of 1-14 parameters at MATLAB software. LOO-CV method had been employed for the predictive ability of the 4D-QSAR model.
Keywords: 4D-QSAR, EC-GA, Pyrazine, Pharmacophore, Genetic Algorithm. References: 1. Kopru S., Sarıpınar E., Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 2018, 42, 1577 -1597 2. Malamas S. M., Ni Y., Erdei J., Stange H., Schindler R., Lankau H.-J., Grunwald C., J. Med. Chem., 54, 7621-7638 67
Growth Propertıes of Cd1-XFex S Solid Solution Thin Films
S.N. Huseynli1, M.A. Mehrabova1, H.R. Nuriyev2, , N.H. Hasanov3, R.M. Sadigov2, N.I.Huseynov1 1Institute of Radiation Problems, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 1Institute of Physics, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 3Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract One of the important issues facing modern materials science is obtaining new semiconductor materials, research of their physical properties, purposeful management, and identification of application opportunities in instrumentation engineering. In this regard, the epitaxial films of Cd1- xFexS semimagnetic semiconductors belonging to the group of AIIBVI type semiconductors are considered to be of special importance for fundamental researches and practical application. In recent decades, semimagnetic semiconductors have become the subject of extensive research. Semimagnetic semiconductors combine the properties of ordinary and magnetic semiconductors. The presence of magnetic elements in these semiconductors allows obtaining structures on their base managing by a magnetic field. Cd1-x FexS epitaxial films are new semiconductor materials having wide application potentials. Few works in the literature have been devoted to the study of their physical properties. In the presented work the synthesis problems of Cd1-x FexS (x=0.05) solid solutions and obtaining of perfect epitaxial films on their base have been studied. Cd1-x FexS solid solutions were synthesized in vacuumized quartz ampoules by the impurity of primary components
- Fe and CdS semiconductor compounds (purity not less than 99.99). Synthesized Cd1-x FexS (x=0.05) solid solutions were used to grow epitaxial films. The crystal structure of the synthesized solid 68 solutions was studied by the X-ray diffraction method on a Bruker D8 Advance XRD. It was defined that the synthesized solid solutions crystallize in a cubic lattice with a lattice parameter a=5.8514 Å.
Thin films of Cd1-x FexS (x=0.05) solid solutions were obtained by molecular beam condensation method in a vacuum of (1¸2)10-4Pа on a glass substrate. XRD studies show that thin films with polycrystalline structure grow on glass substrates at temperature T=470K
Keywords: Semimagnetic semiconductor, solid solution, synthesis, thin film, substrate, X-ray diffractometer, polycrystalline.
Synthesis of New Haloconduritol Derivatives Biologically Active Against Glucosidase Enzymes
Sümeyye Çol 1*, Emel Karakılıç 1**, Rümeysa Can 1***, Arif Baran 1**** 1 Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey. ORCID 0000-0003-2932-9718 * [email protected] ORCID 0000-0002-8447-2851 ** [email protected] ORCID 0000-0001-8657-7828 *** [email protected] ORCID 0000-0002-4117-5099 **** [email protected]
Abstract
Highly hydroxylated cyclic cyclohexane and cyclohexene compounds, specially cyclitols and their subclasses (inositols, quercitols, conduritols, and carbs sugars), have been abundantly found in nature. Particularly, conduritols and their analogs exhibit diverse biological activities such as antifeedant, antibiotics, antileukemics, and growth-regulation. Several synthetic approaches for the synthesis of chonduritol derivatives have been reported, with interesting biological activities ranging from phenyl-substituted chonduritoles to the synthesis of halochonduritols as well as the synthesis of chonduritol A-F stereoisomers as glycosidase inhibitors and anti-HIV agents. Based on this information, we aimed to synthesize biologically active halochonduritol and its derivatives in our study. Firstly, the Diels-Alder reaction of furan and maleic anhydride was carried out, and the cyclo-addition product called 5,6-dehydronorcantharidin thus obtained was used as the starting material. This starting compound (5,6-dehydronorcantharidin) is subjected to a series of reactions such as reduction, acetate, bromination and elimination ((1R, 2S, 3R, 4S) -5-Bromo-7 oxabicyclo 69 [2.2.1] hept-5- ene-2,3-diyl) bis (methylene) diacetate was obtained. Finally, the resulting compound was synthesized by using reagents such as acetyl chloride and acetyl bromide to cleavage the oxo- bridge in the structure and then hydrolyze the resulting products in the presence of HCl (g) and MeOH, resulting in the synthesis of halochonduritol derivatives. All molecules synthesized were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and MALDI-TOF spectroscopic data. New halochonduritol synthesis has been added to the literature and it is thought that they will act as potential α- and β-glucosidase inhibitors.
Keywords: Carbasugars, Chonduritoles, Halochonduritoles, Biological activity.
Acknowledgment: This research was supported by both TÜBİTAK projects (217Z043 and 115Z446) and SAÜ BAP number 2018-1-6-153.
PAH Concentration Analysis of Algae Samples Collected from the Eastern Black Sea Region Giresun Coastline
Tayyibe Beyza Yücel1 1 Giresun Üniversity, Health Services Vocational School, Giresun, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0002-2632-8325 [email protected] Abstract
The Black Sea is a sea anoxic done very effective in non-connected with other sea in Turkey. For this reason, there is more accumulation than other seas in terms of storing the landlords. PAH compounds formed as a result of the combustion of fuel types containing large amounts of carbon are industrial waste discharge, atmospheric particles, organic pollutants mixed with water, air and soil with the pouring of fossil fuels into the water environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) named 16 of these compounds as priority pollutants [EPA; 1999]. In this study, in the summer of 2019, seaweeds of Ulva rigida or Ulva intestinalis were collected from Piraziz port, Giresun port, Bulancak port, Keşap station, Espiye-Opet stations, Triebolu and Görele station in August and brought to the laboratory in polyethylene bottles. In general, the amount of seaweed samples to be tested was weighed around 15-20 g, placed in the Soxhlet cartridge, the cartridge was placed in the Soxhlet apparatus and 250 mL of HPLC grade methanol was added into the flask and extracted with Soxhlet for 12 hours. By applying the necessary purification processes to the obtained solution, the concentrations of 16 PAH components were determined with the GC/MS device. As a result of the analysis, the compounds with the highest concentrations were found as benzo[a] anthracene, benzo[b] fluorantene, dibenzo[a, h] anthracene, fluorantene and pyrene. The detected concentration range was determined as 0.25- 112.77 ppb. Analyzing at the 70 sources of PAH pollution, it can be said that the source of pollution is pyrolytic pollution according to Fen/Ant and Benzo(a)antrecene/Chrisen ratios. Among all stations, PAH compound concentrations in summer sampling were generally the lowest in Tirebolu.
Keywords: Algae, PAH, GC/MS, Black Sea.
Acknowledgment: This study was supported by a grant of Giresun University-FEN-BAP-A-230218- 16.
Study of The Reaction of Maleic Anhydride and Malic Acid with Primary Aliphatic Amines
1Fatmakhanym Kh.Aliyeva, 1Fidan A. Mammadova, 1Sitara F. Jabbarly 1Y.H. Mammadaliyev Institute of Petrochemical Processes of NAS of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acids, including maleic acid and its derivatives, are common reagents in organic synthesis due to their availability and high synthetic potential. Nitrogen-containing derivatives of maleic acid and heterocyclic compounds based on them, such as substituted maleimides, 5- iminofuran-2(5//)-one, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles, and dihydro quinoxaline-2(1//)-one find wide practical application in many fields of science and technology. They are used in the production of pharmaceuticals, herbicides, insecticides, polymer, and composite materials. The purpose of this work is the synthesis of maleimides, monoamides, and imides of malonic acid and the study of their physical and chemical properties. To carry out the reaction, a three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a separating funnel, and a Dean-Stark nozzle to remove water from the system, and an oven for heating the reaction mixture were used. Maleic anhydride was added into the flask and the corresponding primary amine of the aliphatic series (ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine) was added dropwise. The ratio of the input reagents was 1: 1. Toluene was used as a solvent. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 100-110 ° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours. The final product yields were 96 - 98%. Similarly, amides and imides of various structures were obtained from malonic acid and primary 71 amines (hexylamine, octylamine) at the same molar ratios (1: 1). The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 100-140°C for 4-5 hours in p-xylene. The end of the reaction was determined by the amount of released water. The resulting substances are light yellow liquids. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized substances have been studied. The structures of maleimides and also monoamides, imides of malonic acid were determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Keywords: Maleic anhydride, Malonic acid, Amines, Amides
Water Based Anticorrosion Paint and Materials for Protection Against an Aggressive Environment
Tillyaev A. D., Saidkulov Sh.M., Mansurova D.A. Samarkand State University *[email protected]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of preparing new composite materials based on aqueous latexes suitable for the corrosion protection of machines and equipment from aggressive environments. The basic physical and mechanical properties of the obtained coatings are investigated. Ecological and economic aspects of this problem are considered [1]. In Uzbekistan with the development of new industries, machinery, equipment, and technologies, especially those working with aggressive environments, new problems have arisen in protecting equipment, improving the environment, improving labor safety, and using local raw materials, which will ultimately contribute to the well-being of the people and economy of the republic generally. Enamel anticorrosion paints used to protect equipment using toxic aggressive organic solvents such as xylene, benzene, acetone, amyl acetate, and some others are some of the main air pollutants. In this regard, given the current scale of production of enamel paints and varnishes, this is one of the major environmental problems of our time. Therefore, the search for new, more effective protective anticorrosive materials is an urgent task of our time [2, 3]. Thus, water-based automotive paints and varnishes that are insoluble 72 in water and other solvents after drying are obtained. The quality of coatings is high adhesion, impact, and bending strength, corrosion resistance, environmental safety, low cost compared to their foreign counterparts.
Keywords: corrosion, water based paint, latex.
References 1. GOST 15140, ISO 9227, St. RUz 2896, 2975, 2940. (In Uzbek) 2. Tillyaev A.D. The technology of producing water-based polymer composite materials for the machine-building industry. // Composite materials. - 2015. - №. 3. - P. 40-43. (In Russian) 3. Tillyaev A.D. Investigation of the drying processes of composite automotive water-based mastic Avto LKM A. // Composite materials. – 2016. - №. 4. - P. 103-105. (In Russian)
Investigation of the vitamin content of Oscillatoria sp.
Tuğba Demiriz Yücer* * Karabuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabük, Turkey. ORCID:0000-0002-2494-4511 [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, the vitamin content of Oscillatoria sp. grown in culture medium was investigated. Cyanobacteria are one of the oldest life forms on earth dating back 3.7 billion years. Cyanobacteria, which are found almost everywhere on the earth, have a wide ecological distribution. In the study, extracts of cyanobacteria species were analyzed with HPLC device to determine vitamins. As a result, Oscillatoria contains vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic acid, which supports the fight against diseases in the body's immune system and acts as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. And it has been determined that it has the potential to be a good natural source of vitamin A, which is an antioxidant effective vitamin that improves nutrition quality. Cyanobacteria are inevitable sources of natural compounds used in biotechnology for the benefit of human beings, and they are of great interest in health and agricultural applications, as they produce large numbers of bioactive secondary metabolites.
Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria sp., Vitamin
73
New Type Polymer Synthesis and Modification Containing N-carbamoilmaleamic Acid
Tuğba Sarı1, Ahmet Okudan2 1 Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye. ORCID: 0000-0003-0584-5240 [email protected] 2 Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Kimya Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye. ORCID: 0000-0002-2160-7528 [email protected] Abstract
The polymer is the general name of high molecular weight, long-chain giant molecules, in which a large number of small molecules are bonding by hive ties. Polymers are classified according to their origin as natural and synthetic polymers. Natural polymers are those isolated from cotton, silk, wool, cellulose, natural sources. Synthetic polymers are polymers obtained from low molecular weight compounds such as ethylene, phenol, formaldehyde [1]. The main reason why polymers can be used almost anywhere in our daily lives is that polymers with a wide variety of properties can be synthesized. Another reason as important as this is that an inadequate feature of an obtained polymer can be replaced by a chemical modification or preparation of their mixture. One of the most important methods used in improvements in polymer properties with chemical modification is copolymer formation. The other is to connect functional groups of different properties to the main chain of a polymer. Intensive research has been carried out recently on the synthesis of functional polymers in the class of polymers, whose properties can be changed in the desired direction according to the application areas [2, 3]. One method of obtaining polymers or making their properties better in the desired properties is to take advantage of the predisposition of reactive 74 groups in functional polymers to react [4]. In this study; poly(N-carbamoilmalemic acid-co-Maleic acid-co-N-Isopropyl acrylamide) [poly(NCMA-co-MAA-co-NIPA)] ter-polymer is synthesized by radicalized copolymerization method under inert atmosphere and in a suitable solvent environment using chemical initiator. It is also modified with this response by polyethylene glycol (PEG) synthesized. In this context, the new type of sweat-polymer containing NCMA and the terpolymer modified with polyethylene glycol are subjected to a second modification and are affected by the causative agent of acetylenic acid (ASA). After the products obtained are characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV, and elemental analysis techniques, it is carried out to examine the controlled discharges of polymer modified with certain active substances in certain temperature and pH (physiological environment).
Keywords: Maleuric acid (N-carbamoilmaleamic acid), Maleic acid, N-Isopropilakrilamide
REFERANCES
1. Braun, D., et al., Modification of Macromolecular Substances. Polymer Synthesis: Theory and Practice: Fundamentals, Methods, Experiments, 2005: p. 329-379. 2. Palencia, M., D.F. Restrepo, and E. Combatt, Functional polymer from high molecular weight linear polyols and polyurethane‐ based crosslinking units: Synthesis, characterization, and boron retention properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2016. 133(35). 3. Höhne, S. and P. Uhlmann, Synthesis of functional block copolymers and terpolymers containing polyglycidyl methacrylate blocks. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2015. 53(5): p. 675-684. 4. Seçkin, T., Polimer kimyası: fonksiyonel yaklaşım ve uygulamaları. 2015: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
The Cytotoxic Effect of Ecballium elaterium on A549 Lung Cancer, Wi38 Healthy Lung and HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells
Uday BEKSRAVİ 1*, Fatma ÖZTÜRK KÜP, Nilgün KUŞÇULU; Dilek BAHAR 1 Erciyes University , Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Kayseri, Turkey. *ORCID : 0000-0003-3908-2560, [email protected] **ORCID:0000-0002-4785-4017 ***ORCID:0000-0003-3022-4876 ****ORCID:0000-0002-4916-5071
Abstract
Ecballium elaterium, also known as donkey cucumber and bitter melon, is a domestic species found in the south of Europe and the Mediterranean basin and is cultivated for use as a medicinal plant. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extracts of seeds, fruit, and fruit juices on healthy and cancerous cell lines of Ecballium elaterium was investigated by the MTT analysis method. In the study, ethanol extracts in increasing concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 µg/ml were applied to the A549 lung cancer line, Wi38 healthy lung line, and HepG2 liver cancer cell lines. It has been determined that there is a decrease in the viability of HepG2 liver cancer cells due to increasing concentrations of E. elaterium ethanol extracts. Cell viability of fruit juice, fruit, and seed extracts at the highest concentration of 1000 mg/ml was determined as 63.66%, 67.68%, and 59.49%, respectively. Cell viability, on Wi38 lung cells compared to the control group, of fruit juice, fruit, and seed extracts at the highest concentration of 1000 mg/ml was determined as 101.74%, 61.14%, and 71.56%, 75 respectively. In results of A549 lung cancer cells and compared to the control group on A549 lung cancer cells, the cell viability of fruit juice, fruit, and seed extracts at the highest concentration of 1000 mg/ml was 98.12%, 98.2%, and 74.82%, respectively. According to the results of the study, it was determined that Ecballium elaterium increased cell viability on the A549 lung cancer line while determining an effect of decreasing cell viability compared to the control on HepG2 liver cancer line and Wi38 healthy lung line.
Keywords: Ecballium elaterium, cytotoxicity, anticancer.
Energy Absorption Rate of Two-Level-System Coupled to Structured Environment
Arzu KURT* *Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Department of Physics, Bolu, Turkey ORCID:0000-0002-2345-3059, [email protected]
Abstract We study the rate of energy absorption of the two-level system in contact with a structured environment by using the Fourier transform of the two-time correlation functions. In the current work, we present four crucial results depending on the environmental temperature (T), electronics coupling (V) and energy-level difference. We observe that the rate is temperature-dependent in the non-biased case, while it oscillates independent of temperature in the biased case when the electronics coupling between energy levels is weak. Moreover, it is found that as increasing the coupling between levels, the rate displays an interesting behavior for both biased and non-biased cases, contrary to the results of the weak electronic coupling. Our findings indicate that the absorption rate might be controlled by the electronics coupling and energy difference at a wide range of environmental temperatures, which might be used for engineering the real systems.
Keywords: Energy Absorption Rate, Two-Time Correlation Functions, Two-Level System
76
Electrical Properties of CdFeSe Epitaxial Films
V.G. Guluzade4, M.A. Mehrabova1, H.R. Nuriyev2, N.H. Hasanov3, 1Institute of Radiation Problems, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 2Institute of Physics, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan 3Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan 4Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors ( DMS) are obtained by substitution of transition metal cations like Mn, Fe, Co in II-VI compounds. This leads to the appearance of the crystalline, chemical, and magnetic disorder and the electronic structure of the valence band is affected by the 3d electrons correlations and their hybridization in the s-p-d build valence band. The Cd1-x FexSe DMS are single- phase for x < 0.15. In Cd1-x FexSe the transition metal Fe2+ ions replace randomly the Cd cations in the wurtzite structure of the host CdSe crystal. Thin films of Cd1-xFexSe (x<0.08) epitaxial films were obtained by the Molecular Beam Condensation method in a vacuum of (1-2)10-4Pа on a glass substrate. It was defined optimal conditions of obtaining perfect Cd1-x FexSe (x<0.08) epitaxial films. Crystal structure of investigated epitaxial films was studied by X-ray diffraction method and surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope method. XRD studies show that thin films grown on glass substrates at temperature Tsub=640÷670К have a monocrystalline structure. SEM image shows that the obtained epitaxial films have a smooth and glossy surface. The electrical properties of Cd1-x FexSe (x<0.08) epitaxial films have been studied at room temperature. The dark VAC of Cd1-x FexSe (x<0.08) epitaxial films was measured. The defined activation energy for Cd0.6Fe0.4Se (x = 0.4) epitaxial film was Ea = 0.101 eV and for Cd0.2Fe0.8Se (x = 0.8) epitaxial film was Ea = 0.114 eV. It was defined that Cd1-x FexSe epitaxial films are of n–type. It was defined the electrical resisrance, 77 resistivity and activation energies.
Keywords: Semimagnetic semiconductor, epitaxial film, electrical, VAC, activation energy
Vibrational and Chemical Shift Analysis of 4-Chloro-Pyrazolo (3,4-D) Pyrimidine Molecule by Using Ab Initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (B3LYP) Methods
Gamze Pınar Kozan1, Fatih Ucun1, Vesile Küçük2 1 Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Kırşehir, Isparta, Turkey 0000-0002-6940-7525, [email protected] Prof.Dr., 0000-0001-7464-7788, [email protected] 2 İstanbul Esenyurt University, Vocational High School, Computer programming, İstanbul, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-8186-1563, [email protected] Abstract
Since the examination of molecular structures is much more complex and difficult than the examination of the atomic structure, computer simulation programs have been developed that enable molecules to be examined in a computer environment. These computer simulation programs provide us with broad theoretical information about the structure of the molecule, and by comparing the experimental information obtained for the molecule with the theoretical information, precise data can be obtained about the structure of the molecule. For this purpose, in our study, all tautomers of 4-Bromo-pyrazole (3,4-d) pyrimidine molecule have been optimized by using Ab initio Hartree- Fock (HF) and density functional theory (B3LYP) methods at the level of 6-311 ++ G (d, p) basis set at Gaussian 03 and Gauss-View package programs. The transformation of a molecule into another molecule by replacing at least one double bond and one hydrogen atom is called tautomerization, and these molecules are called tautomers. After determining the most stable tautomers of the molecule we have studied here, its vibrational and chemical shift analyses were performed. The assignments of all the vibrational frequencies were done by using the potential energy distribution 78 program known VEDA 4. The calculated geometrical parameters (bond lengths and bond angles), vibrational frequencies, and chemical shift values were listed in tables and, compared to the related experimental data which is available in the literature. From the obtained correlation values between the theoretical and experimental results, it was found a good agreement with each other. Also, the values obtained from the HF and DFT methods were compared. For the relevant molecule, DFT gives more consistent results with experimental values than HF in frequency calculations and bond lengths. However, it was found to be the opposite in terms of bond angles.
Keywords: DFT, HF, IR, NMR, Pyrazolo
Synthesis of 1,4-Oxazin Derivatives with Imidazol Skeleton
Volkan Taşdemir* *Van Yüzüncü Yil University/ Science Research and Applied Center, Van, Turkey ORCID: 0000-0001-5836-784X [email protected]
Abstract
Although heterobicyclic compounds with imidazole skeleton are essential structures, Imidazole-2- aroyl derivatives and their structures such as imidazoxazine derivatives with various reagents have hardly been investigated. The fact that imidazoxazine derivative compounds have some crucial activities such as anxiety, tuberculosis, anticancer, and depression attracts researchers' attention.1 Due to the importance of the imidazole ring, the idea that the newly synthesized derivatives may show bioactivity is strengthened, which encourages researchers to synthesize. Developing viable synthetic approaches to obtain such heterobicyclic systems could open the door to more critical heterobicyclic systems. It may allow access to heterobicyclic systems with un-synthesized imidazole skeleton.2-3
Scheme 1. Cyclization reactions 79
In the first step of the planned study, the necessary starting compounds were synthesized. Firstly, the C-2 aroyl substituted imidazole skeleton was synthesized, and starting compound derivatives were obtained with suitable reducers. Heterobicyclic imidazoxazine derivatives will then be obtained as in Scheme 1 by using suitable reagents.
Keywords: Cyclization, imidazole, imidazoxazine.
Acknowledgment: This study is supported by Van Yüzüncü Yıl University BAP (FBA-2019-8405).
References 1- Nagaraj, M., Muthusubramanian, S., J. Chem. Sci., 128(3): 451–458. (2016). 2- Taşdemir, V., Kuzu, B., Tan, M., Genç, H., Menges, N., Synlett, 2019, 30, 307-310. 3- Kuzu, B., Genc, H., Taspinar, M., Tan, M., Menges, N., Heteroatom Chem, 2018, 29, 1-12.
Structural and Electronic Properties of SrFCl Under High Pressure
Yılaydın Güzel1, Hülya Öztürk2, Cihan Kürkçü3 1 Ahi Evran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Kırşehir, Turkey. ORCID: 0000-0002-8162-213X [email protected] 2Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Kırşehir, Turkey [email protected] 3 Ahi Evran University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences / Department of Electronic and Automation [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of SrFCl were investigated using the Siesta method under gradually increased high pressure. SrFCl crystallizes in a tetragonal type structure with space group P4/nmm. When gradually increasing pressures were applied to this structure up to 250 GPa, phase transformation was observed to the orthorhombic type structure with space group Pmmn. In addition to these studies, some physical properties of SrFCl such as lattice parameters, bulk modulus, the derivative of the bulk modulus, and volume values were also calculated. On the other hand, the total energy and enthalpy calculations were calculated to obtain the phase transition pressure values in better agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, how the electronic properties changes of SrFCl under pressure have been examined.
Keywords: high pressure, phase transformation, electronic properties.
80
CREATION AND RESEARCH OF NEW, PERSPECTIVE OIL COMPOSITIONS BY ADDING COMPLEX ESTERS OF CYCLIC POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS TO PETROLEUM BASE OILS
Maharram Mammadyarov1, Huseyn Gurbanov2, Lale Yusifova3 1Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Petrochemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected] 2Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Petrochemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected] 3Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Petrochemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected]
Abstract Currently, the rapid development of technology is accompanied by stricker requirements for lubricanting oils. Therefore, these oils must have high viscosity index, flash point, stable viscosity- temperature, thermal and thermoxidation stability, satisfactory rheological properties etc. From this point of view, the problem of creating new, promising types of oils is always actual, and one of the most cost-effective ways is to develop new, high quality oil compositions. The main purpose of the research is to synthesize symmetric and asymmetric esters of 2,2,6,6- tetramethylocyclohexanol (TMCH) with caproic and enanthic acids to improve the quality of petroleum base oils, and their composition was prepared and tested by adding 10-20% to T-30 and T-46 petroleum base oils.With the addition of esters to T-30 petroleum oils, viscosity increases from 6.20mm2/s to 9.90mm2/s at 100°C, from 47.9mm2/s to 50.23mm2/s at 40°C The viscosity index increases from 64 to 111 units, the flash point rises from 214°C to 280°C, while the freezing temperature drops from minus 34°C to minus 50°C. With the addition of symmetrical and 81 asymmetrical esters to T-46 oils, a sharp improvement is observed in all indicators. Comparison of esters shows that asymmetric esters have higher ratios than symmetrical esters. The highest values were noted in compositions prepared by adding 20% of both symmetrical and asymmetrical esters to T-30 oil, which is directly explained by the syndrome of synergistic effect (viscosity index increases from 64 units to 111 units, flash point from 214°C to 2800C) freezing temperature drops from minus 34°C to minus 50°C. According to the results, the residue amount decreased from 0.36mass% to 0.28mass% in compositions containing T-30 oil, and from 0.51mass% to 0.38mass% in compositions containing T-46 oil. After evaporation, in the first case the amount of heat decreased from 0.86 mass% to 0, and in the second case from 0.74% mass to 0.Thus, as a result of the research, it was determined that the oil compositions prepared by adding symmetrical and asymmetric esters of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylolycyclohexanol to T-30 and T-46 base oils have high viscosity, thermoxidation and lubrication properties and were recommended for use as perspective lubricating oils.
Keywords: Cyclic esters, Oil compositions, 0perational properties of oils, Synergistic effect syndrome
Distribution of Carbapenem Resistance Genes in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
Tuğrul Hoşbul1*, Yunus Doğan2***, Canset Nur Aydogan1**, Bülent Bozdoğan3**** 1*University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara; Turkey Dr. Öğr. Üyesi *0000-0002-0150-4417, [email protected] , Dr. Ar. Gör **0000-0002-6081-8934, [email protected] 2Aydin Adnan Menderes University Health Sciences Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Interdisciplinary), Turkey ***0000-0002-9587-8400, [email protected] 3 Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey Prof Dr. ****0000-0003-2469-9728, [email protected]
Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), is a significant public health threat worldwide. Antibiotic resistance, which increases and causes treatment failures, is among the leading causes of death in the world. The World Health Organization has listed the development of new antibiotics against carbapenem resistance as a critical priority. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family usually cause blood and circulatory system infections, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and intra-abdominal infections. Carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae generally develops with the presence of KPC, VIM, NDM, IMP, OXA-48 enzymes that inactivate carbapenem antibiotics. In this study, the presence of carbapenem resistance gene in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical specimens was investigated. A total of 81 carbapenem resistant strains isolated from different clinical specimens were included in this study. Carbapenemase presence was determined by PCR method using specific primers to the carbapenemase gene. DNA was obtained from the strains with the DNA4PCR (Rtech, Turkey) kit. The PCR mix was prepared according to Taq DNA Polymerase 82 (Fermentas, ABD) instructions and PCR was set up. The obtained amplicons were electrophoresed in agarose gel electrophoresis and imaged under UV light. Standard strains were used for each gene screened in the studies. Among the 81 isolates screened, it was determined that blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48 resistance genes were found 32%, 23%, 80% respectively. blaVIM and blaIMP resistance genes were not detected in the isolates. 3 genes (blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48) were found in 1 of the strains tested, blaOXA-48 and blaKPC in 6, blaOXA- 48 and blaNDM in 21, blaNDM and blaKPC in 1 strain. Of the 51 strains with a single carbapenem resistance gene, 3 were found to contain blaNDM, 37 blaOXA-48, and 11 blaKPC genes. One strain was detected with none of the genes scanned in the study. The presence of carbapenemase genes is increasing among clinical strains. The presence of gene-negative strains among the screened carbapenem-resistant strains suggests that different resistance mechanisms may be among the strains. Keywords: Carbapenem, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Antibiotic resistance, Gene detection
Mtf Measurement of Thermal Lenses with Curved Edge Method and Parameters Affecting Result of The Measurement
Zehra Dertli Emir1 1 Gazi University, Electrical-Electronics Engineering / Master Student, Ankara, Türkiye [email protected]
Abstract
The slanted edge method used for modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement, which specifies the sharpness parameter in imaging systems, is based on the ISO 12233 standard. To use the slanted edge method, the system should have the detector and the lens are together. To use this method in lenses, a detector with known MTF should exist in the measurement setup. In this study, when the slanted edge method is used for MTF measurement in the thermal lens, the effects of measurement parameters on the measurement result have been investigated. The target slope, the distance between detector and lens, the number of recorded frames, and the region of interest (ROI) of the image are the parameters. In the experimental setup, there was a detector with known MTF, and the target image was provided by the collimator. The detector and lens were aligned by taking into consideration of focused image. The electronic board set used with the detector enabled the image to be transferred to the computer environment. After preparations, the parameters were changed in a controlled manner and the images started to be saved. Firstly, ROI was examined, the MTF value was calculated by using different ROIs. Then, by changing the angle of the target, the recordings were saved so that the effect of the target slope could be seen. Then, images were saved 83 by changing the number of frames of the image. Finally, the distance between the lens and the detector was changed according to the adjusted focus point, and the effect of the focused image on the MTF result was shown. In addition to these parameters, to understand the effect of the infrastructure used in the experimental setup, the theoretical value of the measured lens was compared with the measurement results, the results were interpreted.
Keywords: MTF, Thermal Lens, Test
Size-Optical Properties of Modification of Thiol Stabilized CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots
1Ishankulov A.F., 2Shamilov R.R., 1Khalilov K.F., 1Galyametdinov Yu.G., 2Mukhamadiev N.K. 1Uzbekistan, Samarkand, Samarkand State University 2Russian, Kazan, Kazan National Research Technological University [email protected]
Abstract
CdSe quantum dots stabilized with oleic acid were obtained by the colloidal method and their optical properties were studied. By growing a ZnS shell onto the surface of CdSe nanoparticles, CdSe/ZnS core-shell hybrid QDs are synthesized. Ligand exchange reactions were carried out under mild conditions using an excess amount of a thiol stabilizer. The fact of the replacement of stabilizers was established by IR spectroscopy. Quantum dots (QDs)- optically active semiconductor nanoparticles are of interest as components of light-emitting devices, solar cells, luminescent sensors, and new-generation biomarkers [1,2]. We have investigated the features of the QD surface modification using various types of stabilizers. The molecules of the initial stabilizer (oleic acid) on the surface of the synthesized CdSe/ZnS QDs were replaced by compounds containing a thiol group: L-cysteine (Cis), mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), dodecanethiol-1 (DT), and dodecyl dihydrolipoate (DDL). The use of L-cysteine and MPA as a stabilizer made it possible to obtain hydrophilic QDs, while the luminescence intensity slightly decreases. It was determined that the substitution of oleic acid (OA) contributes to a slight shift of the emission peak to longer wavelengths. It was observed that, as a result of surface hydrophilization, the hydrodynamic size of 84 nanoparticles increases due to hydration of the QD surface, due to the presence of charged stabilizer ions. When the surface is modified with dodecanethiol and dodecyl dihydrolipoate, the QD surface remains hydrophobic. In this case, a high luminescence intensity is maintained and the peak position does not shift. According to IR spectra, a small part of oleic acid molecules on the QD surface remains unsubstituted. The hydrodynamic particle size is slightly reduced as a result of the modification, due to the smaller length of the stabilizer molecules in comparison with oleic acid.
Keywords: quantum dots, colloidal synthesis, core-shell nanoparticles.
References 1. Chaudhuri R. G., Paria S. Chem. Rev., 112, 4, 2012, 2373-433. 2. Medintz I.L. Nature Materials, 4, 2005, 435-446.
Development and Study of Bcp Immobilized Film Using The Sol-Gel Technology
Mirzaev Sh.E., Nasimov A.M., Tashpulatov Kh.Sh., Duschonova I. Uzbekistan, Samarkand, Samarkand State University [email protected] Abstract We developed an optical membrane containing bromocresol purple. Sol-gel technology was utilized during experiments and tetraethoxysilane used as a silicate precursor. The prepared doped silica films have shown a stable and reproducible signal to the pH change of solutions in acidic media.The sol-gel technology has been becoming one of the most attractive methods in materials science and analytical chemistry. Because of i t s many features as versatility, controllable pore size and surface chemistry, better homogeneity, and ease to prepare, the sol-gel route found its position in materials science, analytical chemistry, biosensing, and environmental analytics [1,2]. Preparation of BCP@TEOS optical membrane was prepared and investigated. UV spectroscopy is a handy tool for studying the physicochemical properties of dye molecules in a heterogeneous environment. The thin films prepared using the sol-gel technology were also studied to investigate the extent of leaching of dopant molecules from the pores. Thin films were dipped into the bidistilled water and the absorbance of these films was taken before and after dipping. Nearly no considerable decrease in the intensity was observed. Absorbance spectra of water in which thin films were dipped did not show the presence of BCP. Characteristics of sol-gel films were studied and different parameters modified in order to tune the sensor quality. The spectroscopic properties were found strongly dependent on different factors including the solvent nature used especially in lower pH values. Different techniques are used for studying the internal environment in the sol-gel films. 85
Keywords: Sol-gel, film, bromocresole purple, sensor.
References 1.Chris Malins et al. Thin Solid Films, 368, 1, 2000, 105-110. 2.E. Wang et al. Anal. Chim. Act, 2003, 495 pp. 45-50.
Synthesis of Cyclic Anhydrides of Succinic Acid by Ene Synthesis
M.A. Mammadyarov1, F.Kh.Aliyeva2, T.M.Mammadzade3 1Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after acad. Y.G. Mammadaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected] 2 Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after acad. Y.G. Mammadaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected] 3 Institute of Petrochemical Processes named after acad. Y.G. Mammadaliyev of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, [email protected] Abstract
It is known that the first generation of synthetic lubricating oils synthesis is oils based on esters of terminal dicarboxylic acids. These oils have a number of advantages over petroleum oils: good viscosity-temperature properties, low pour point and high thermo-oxidative stability, they are biodegradable, which is currently important. Currently, there is an acute issue of ensuring the operation of equipment in conditions of extreme changes in temperature conditions. And this requires new oils. The purpose of this article is to study the synthesis of cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids, the acid groups of which are located in the vicinal position. Cyclic succinic anhydrides were synthesized by ene condensation of maleic anhydride with cyclic olefins, in particular cyclohexene (C6H10) and α-methyl-cyclohexene (C6H9-CH3). The reaction proceeds due to the intramolecular movement of the double bond in the cyclohexene core.
R R O O
CH -C CH - C + O O (1-2) 86 CH- C CH2-C O O
R=Н (1); СН3 (2)
The reaction was carried out in a rotating autoclave. For the process of condensation of maleic anhydride with cycloolefin, the following reaction conditions have been established: the ratio of the reacting components – maleic anhydride:cyclohexene is equal to 1:3; reaction temperature - 220- 2300C; duration - 8-10 hours. In order to reduce the formation of resinous products, the condensation of maleic anhydride with cycloolefins was carried out in the presence of inhibitors. The best result was obtained with the established optimal condensation mode, when 0.01 - 1.0 wt% of hydroquinone was added into the composition of the reacting components as an inhibitor. The structure of the synthesized individual anhydrides of cyclohexenyl succinic acid was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, as well as 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Keywords: Cycloolefins, maleic anhydride, ene synthesis