The WI ESS

OCTOBER 7, 1954 10# publication. and reuse for required Permission DFMS. / Church Episcopal the of

Archives GOLDEN ALMS BASIN 2020. guard it carefully when it is loaned POLICEby the national office of the Auxiliary to receive diocesan United Thank Offerings. It Copyright is always used at the General Convention Service when the Offering is received

THE CHURCH AND THE CITIZEN SERVICES The WITNESS SERVICES In Leading Churches For Christ a~nd His Church In Leading Churches

NEW YORK CATHEDRAL CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL (St. John the Divine) EDITORIAL BOARD Main & Church Sts., Hartford, Coin., 112th St. & Amsterdam Sunday: 8 and 10:10 a.m., Holy Corn- Church School; 11 am. Sun. HC 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; Cho. Mat. WILLIAxM B. Spor'roun, Managing Eitor; munion; 9:30, Morning Prayer; 8 p.m., Evening Prayer. 10:30; Ev 4; Ser 11, 4. Wkdys HC 7:30 JOHN P. BnOWN, KENNETH R. FORBEs, Weekdays: Holy Communion, Mon. 12 Wed., and Cho HC 8:45 GORDON C. Gx~nAm, Raw=E H~sn- (also 10 noon; Tues., Fri. and Sat., 8; Wed., 11; SInE, GEanGE H. M.&CMURRAa, PAUL. [HD); Mat 8:30; Ev 5. The daily Thurs., 9; Wed. Noonday Service, 12:15. offices arc choral cxc. Mon. Moo" REn., JosEPH H. Trruss, Columnists; CLINTrON J. Kaw, Religion and the Mind; CHRIST CHURCH THE HEAVENLY REST, NEW YORK MASSEY H. SHEFEXED Jn., Living Liturgy. Cambridge, Mass. Rev. Gardiner M. Day, Reetor 5th Avenue at 90th Street Rev. Frederic 'B. Kello"g Chaplain Rev. John Ellis Large, D.D. CONTRIBUTING Enrrons: Frederick C. Grant, Sunday Services: 8, 9, 10 and 11 a.m. Sundays: Holy Communion, 7:30 and 9 F. 0. Ayres )r., L. W. naton, 1J. ns. Weekdays: Wednesday, 8 and 11 am. publication. a. in.; Morning Service and Sermon, 11. Brown Jr., R. S. M. Emnrich, T. P. Ferris, Thursdays, 7:30 a.m. Thursdays and Holy Days: Holy Com- J. F. Fletcher, C. K. Gilbert. C. L. Glenn, Wednesdays: Healing Serv- ST. JOHN'S CATHEDRAL and munion, 12. A. C. Lichtenbersger, C. S. ice, 12. Daily: Mlorning Prayer, 9; C. I. Hiller, Denver, Colorado Martin, R. C. Miller. E. L. Parsons, J. A. Evening Prayer, 5:30. Very Rev. Paul Roberts, Deean Paul, Paul Roberts, V. D. Scudder, W. M. Rev. Harry Watts, Canon reuse ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S CHURCH Sharp, WV.B. Sperry, W. B. Spofford Jr., Sundays: 7:30, 8:30, 9:30 and 11. Park Avenue and 5st Street J. W. Suter, S. E. Sweet, S. A. Temple, for 4:30 p.m. recitals. W. N. Welsh. Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr., Ractor Weekdays: Holy Communion, Wedne,. 8 and 9:30 a.m. Holy Communion. day, 7:15; Thursday, 10:30. Holy Days: Holy Communion, 10:30. 9:30 and 11a.m. Church School. THm Wrimsss is published weekly from required Service and Sermon. 11 a.m. Morning September 15th to June 15th inclusive, CHRIST CHURCH 4 pin. Evensong. Special Music. with the exception of the first week in Indianapolis, Ind. at Weekday: Holy Communion Tuesday January and semi-monthly from Jun.' 15th Monument Circle, Downtown 10:30 asm.; Wednesdays and Saints to September 15th by the Episcopal Church Rev. john P. Cramne, D.D., Rector D~ays at 8 a.m.; Thursdays at 12:10 Publishing Co. on behalf of the Witness Rev. Messrs. F. P. Wiliams. p.m. Organ Recitals, Fridays, 1210.

Permission Advisory Board. E. L. Conner The Church is open daily for prayer. Sun.: Ht.C. 8, 12:15; 11, 1st S. Family 9:30: M. P. and Set., 11. Weekdays: H. C. daily 8 ex Wed, and THE HOLY TRINITY The subecriptions price is $4.00 a vest; in CHURCH OF Fri. 7; H. D. 12:05. Noonday DFMS. 316 East 88th Street bundles for sale in parishes the magazine / New York City sells for 10c a copy, we will bill quarterly Prayers 12:05. as Second Class Office hours daily by appointment. The Rev. James A. Paul, Rector at 7c a copy. Entered Matter, August 5, 1948, at the Post office Sundays: Hloly Communion, 8; Church TRINITY CHURCH at Tunkhannock, Pa., under the act of Church School, 9:30; Morning Service, 11; Eve- Miami, Fla. March 3, 1879. ning Prayer, 5. Rev. G. Irvine Hiller, S.T.D., Rector Sunday Services: 8, 9:30 and 11 a.m. WASHINGTON CATHEDRAL MOUNT SAINTr ALB3AN SE RV I CE S TRINITY CHURCH Episcopal The Rt. Rev. Angus Dun, Bishop Broad and Third Streets The Very Rev. Franicis Bi. Sayre, )r., In Leading Churches Columbus, Ohio the Dean Rev. Robert W. Fay, D.D. of Sunday 8, 9:30, Hlolv Communion; 11, Rev. A. Freeman Trav'erse, Ass-t ser. (generally with All', Lit or proces- ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH sion) (1, S, H-C); 4, Ev. Weekdays: Tenth Street, above Chestnut Sun. 8 HC; IIl MP; I1st Sun. HC; Fri. TIC, 7:10; Int., 12; Ev., 4. Open daily, Philadelphia, Penna. 12 N HC; Evening, Weekday, Lenue, 7 to 6. Thse Rev. Alfred IV. Price. D.D., Rector Noon-Day, Special services announced.

Archives Rev. A. Attenborough, B.D., Ass't. Rector ST. PAUL'S ihe Rev. Gustav C. Mecklsng, B.D., CHRIST CHURCH Ainister to the Hard of Hearing Nashville, Tennessee 1 3 Vict Parks B H. Alexander Matthews, Mus.D., The Rev. Raymond Tuttle Ferris 2020. RlocnEsTrn, N. Y. Organist 7:30 a.m., Holy Communion; 10 a.m., The Rev. George L. Cadigan, Rector Ssundav: 8, 9:30 and 11. Sunday: 9 and I1 a.m., 7:30 p.m. Family Service and Church School; 11 Univ Days: II Fri. 7. Weekdays: Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., a.m., Morning Prayer and Senrmon; 12:30-12:55 p.m. 5:30 p.m., Young People's Meeting. ST. JAMES' Services of Spiritual Healing, Thuus., Copyright Thursdays and Saints' Days: HC 10 am. 117 N. Lafette 12:30 and 5:30 p.m. SoUTH BEND, INn. CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL AND The Rev. Williamn Paul Blarnds, D. D., CHRIST CHURCH IN ST. GEORGE Rector PHILADELPHIA Saint Louis, Missouri Thne Rev. Glen E. McCu~tcheon, Ass't 2nd Stret above Market Sunday: 8, 9:15, 11. Toes.: Holy Coin The Rev. J. Francis Sant, Rector 8:15. Thursday, Holy Com- Where the Protestant Ezpiscop.,l Church The Rev. William Baxter msunion, was Fouinded munnon 9:30. Friday, Holy Commsun- Minister of Education ion, 7. Re". E. A. d,' BRnar,.. Rector Rev. Erik H. Allen, Assistant Sunday: 8, 9:25, 11 a.m. High School, Sundav .1ervIr,'s 9 anid It. 5!45 p.m.: Canterbury Club, 6:30)pm. PRO-CATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY Noonday Prayers Weekdays. TRINITY ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL Church Open Daily 9 to 5. Shelton Square Paris, France Buffalo, New York 23, Avenue G;eorge V ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL Oklahoma, City, Okla. Very Rev. Phrilip F. McNairy, D.D)., Dean Services: 8:30, 10:30 (S.S.), 10:45 Very Rev. John S. Willey, Dean Canon Leslie D. Hallett Boulevard R-amasil Canon Mitchell Haddad Strident and Artists Center Sunday: 11. C. 8, 11 first S.; Church Sc-hool, 10:50; M. P. 11. Sun., 8, 9:30, 11; Mon., Fri., Sat., The Rt. Rev. J. 1. Bladir Larned, Bishop H.C. 12:05; Toes., Thsurs., Hl.C. 8 a.m., Tke Yerv.Rev. Sturgis Lee Riddle, Dean Weekday- Thsurs. 10. Other services as prayers, sermon 12:05; WVed.. H.C. 11 "A Church for All Americans" announced. asm., Ilealing Service 12:05. The WITNESS 1954 VOL. 41, NO. 46 FOR CHRIST AND HIS CHURCH OCTOBER 7,

Editorial and Publication Office, Eaton Road, Tunkhannock, Pa.

STORY OF THE WEEK-___ With us the historic memories Conditions in India Related are not so bitter. As we go forth as a small body to preach By Bishop de Mel Christ we feel the scandal of our divisions more acutely per- publication. haps." HE PAYS TRIBUTE TO SOUTH INDIA CHURCH

and He said that beyond the UNITY AND LOOKS FOR FURTHER pragmatic reasons is the deep-

reuse est spiritual one that God * In response to a question of the faith, and the intention for wills the Church to be one. inauguration of union concerning efforts to bring to- is at the "Now we feel the pressure of to try and unify the ministry, gether India and Pakistan, the finger of God," he added. thus relieving any such uniting required Bishop de Mel of Ceylon said: "The Church really feels that Church of -the inevitable ten- "Ceylon is remote from that great opportunities lie before in South In- problem. We are a sister com- sions which exist her and that she has a very dia through having two kinds monwealth but do not regard special mission to perform at

Permission of ministry." He explained ourselves as sufficiently inti- the moment in the life of the that some of the clergy in the mate to try and give counsel nation," Bishop de Mel said in on what is a very burning South India Church are not DFMS. answer to a question on the / Episcopal ordained. question, and our own Prime Church's role as a unifying Minister kept off the matter at Bishop de Mel spoke highly factor in the Asian subconti- Conference of the work of the Methodists Church the Southeast Asia nent. "The Church has within at the end of April." in South India. "The Method- her borders some of the best- ists have given a notable con- When asked about the educated men in these areas tribution to every scheme by of all Episcopal Church of South India, Bishop and also has members enthusiasm .. . "The Church of their sincere nations in her borders. She the de Mel said: I think really what has to be of South India is making great can therefore uniquely act as a done is to clear away a great progress in many ways. I have reconciling factor in the life of many misunderstandings." a very great respect for their the Indian sub-continent." as Archives bishops and many of their Bishop de Mel said that He also spoke of the role the leaders . . . I am very thank- far as the Anglican Church Christians played during the the Cey- 2020. was concerned, both ful that this gallant attempt struggle in 1946 between India was made, but I think the lon and North India schemes and Pakistan. Because they good can be the enemy of the were going to be brought be- were safe from both sides, they fore the Lambeth Conference care of the wounded Copyright best, and in my own mind I could take have always thought that a of 1958. and perform other acts of still better scheme might be Bishop de Mel was asked mercy. possible in other parts of In- why ecumen'cal feeling was Bishop de Mel was asked cia, and this is actually being more advanced on the Indian about the percentage of Chris- implemented, we hope, in two subcontinent than in other tians 'n India and Ceylon. He other schemes which are now parts of the world. He replied, said that in Ceylon 9', of the in process of being worked "I feel that the older Churches people were Christians and in out." These are the North have got used to their separa- India 2%Z' were Christians. India and the Ceylon schemes, tions and have been content to In Pakistan and Burma the he explained. "In both these go on with them, but they percentage is somewhat schemes, agreement is steadily themselves a re being very smaller. being reached on the essentials much exercised in mind now. He said that in Ceylon al-

Three THE MWITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 though there were not many a proposal by the late Arch- viction that I can do more Christians in the legislature, bishop Derwyn T. Owen, in- good in the ministry than any Christians nevertheless have a vited other communions for other way." great deal of influence in the reunion talks. The Presbyte- The 56-year-old flier, who affairs of society and in the rians replied and exchanged a also is director of civil defense judiciary. He also noted that few letters, the Baptists did in Michigan, said he has been the ambassador in London was nothing about it, and the studying since last February an Anglican. He said that by United Church lost no time in with the Rev. George Selway, law Christians are free to wor- entering conversations w i t h rector of St. Paul's church in ship and propagate their reli- the Anglicans. Since then, the Lansing, and was accepted as gion. While western mission- negotiations have been con- a postulant in May by Bishop aries are welcomed, he said tinuing. Herman R. Page of Northern that certain new sects were Harold Young, chairman of Michigan. giving some displeasure to the United Church's commis- A native of Milwaukee, Wis., leading Indian statesmen. He sion on union, summed up the the general joined the U. S. said that there was the result- current status on these nego- signal corps' air service in publication. ant danger that the older ac- tiations. 1917 on this country's entry cepted Churches might suffer and "We now come to grips," he into World War I and retired from this fact. said, "with the large question from the air force late in 1944 "One thing that Christian- reuse of the pattern of the ideal with the rank of lieutenant ity taught about the worth of for Church which might emerge colonel. the individual has now been from such a union: its doc- Gen. Maitland was closely enshrined in the Constitution trine, its policy, the combina- associated for f o u r years required in the form of manhood suf- tion that must be made of the (1921-5) with "Billy" Mitchell, frage." Bishop de Mel stated essential elements in the life who played a prominent role in that women also have the of the two Churches. the U. S. army air vote. founding "We have done everything force. In 1923, he set what Permission possible to increase fellowship was then an amazing speed CANADA CHURCH and understanding. Ten years record of 244 m.p.h. for planes. UNITY POSSIBLE DFMS. ago we met as strangers; today He was awarded the Distin- / * Formulation of a plan for we meet as friends with a fine guished Flying Cross in 1927 union with the Church of Eng- spirit and understanding. There for making the first non-stop land in Canada was approved Church are no issues on which mem- flight f r o m California to by the General Council of the bers may not hope to find a Hawaii. United Church of Canada at way. The future minister was its biennial meeting. There

Episcopal "Both our Churches are commander of Clark Field at was only one dissenting vote. definitely committed to organic Manila when the Japanese at- the The adopted resolution rec- of union as our aim. We did not tacked the Philippines in 1941. ommended that the union com- talk about that at first. We He now also serves as personal mittees of both Churches "de- talked of cooperation. But pilot to Michigan's Gov. G. vise a plan formulating the Archives now we are committed to or- Mennen Williams. ideal of a reunited Church." It ganic union as the goal." was suggested that the plan 2020. MASSACHUSETTS FOR then be submitted to the in- GENERAL MAITLAND HONOLULU dividual churches of both de- TO BE ORDAINED nominations for consideration * At separate meetings the Copyright and study "as the concrete ob- * Brig. Gen. Lester J. Mait- standing committee and the jective to which we strive." land, commander of Michigan's clergy of Massachusetts sent Should a merger eventually state air force and a pioneer of messages to t h e Presiding be consummated it will create the U. S. air force, announced Bishop supporting him in mov- a new Church with a member- that he plans to become an ing the next Convention to ship of nearly 5,000,000. The Episcopal minister within the Honolulu. United Church has 2,850,000 next year. Resolutions have been passed communicants and the Church "I have served Mammon, I in a number of dioceses, notably of England about 2,000,000. now wish to serve God," he Virginia, Albany, Dallas, New The merger issue has been told the Battle Creek Enquirer Jersey, Western North Caro- before both Churches since and News. "I'm going into lina, opposing moving the Con- 1943 when the Church of Eng- this new work wholeheartedly vention, largely because of the land in Canada, implementing and sincerely. I have a con- expense involved.

THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 of life and psychology has Finds Average Churchgoer changed," he said. He said a new model Amer- Not Ecumenical-Minded ican citizen is needed today "who is as different from the * The average churchgoer Lambeth Conference of Angli- ideal citizen of yesterday as does not yet share the ecu- can Bishops. the car of today differs from the model T. I have an uneasy menical outlook for his denom- This "new confessionalism," he said, "recognizes that no sense that the churches of inational leaders said Samuel Church has received or under- America are still producing MVcCrea Cavert, American sec- stood the whole truth of Christ model T citizens." retary, at a session for accred- and that no Church is complete "Our new citizen must be ited visitors to the Second and sufficient in itself." able to bring the ideology of Assembly. Cavert expressed a prefer- inspired democracy to the given publication. He said the Churches mak- ence for Church union based whole world. We have on a pattern of "Churches our sister nations money and and ing up the Council were repre- give sented here by outstanding na- which are autonomous for ad- material; now we must ministrative purposes, which them a faith." reuse tional leaders who have dem- share a common faith, are for onstrated their genuine belief in ecumenical advance. But, linked in common worship and SHERRILLS TO VISIT he added, "we must frankly fellowship, and are guided by AUSTRALIA a repre- required admit that the average church ecumenical councils of * Bishop Sherrill has ac- sentative character." member does not see far be- cepted an invitation to address yond his denominational boun- He cited Eastern Orthodoxy the general synod of the dary or even his parish. This as an example of this pattern Church of England in Australia Permission is the most disturbing weak- and contrasted it with the cen- in October, 1955. He and Mrs. ness in the ecumenical move- tralized administration of the Sherrill will leave for that ment." Roman Catholic Church. DFMS. country at the close of the / Cavert thinks th at the General Convention in Hono- Church leaders who attended APPLYING RURAL lulu. Several other American TO CITY CHURCH Church the Evanston meeting should METHODS bishops will be in the party but take upon themselves "the re- the exact number has not yet sponsibility to make the ecu- * The tragedy of the city been determined. menical vision and spirit come church is that it is still trying Episcopal alive in the local church to to minister to its people with BISHOP PETERS HITS the they belong." rural methods, women attend- S. OFFICIALS of which U. from the local to ing t h e annual Minnesota Turning * Bishop Janos Peter of the the world scene, he raised the school of missions were told. "Bingo in the Roman Cath- Hungarian Reformed Church

Archives worldwide question whether charged in a speech to the nal organizations olic churches and bazaars in c o n f e s s i o Hungarian Parliament at Buda- or the Protestant churches are 2020. would prove to be "rivals pest that "certain American of the ecumenical move- rural methods applied to the allies" political figures and official or- He pointed hopefully to urban American community," ment. gans" employed "crude ma- the "new kind of confessional- declared the Rev. G. Paul Mus- Copyright chinations to confuse us" at the ism arising side by side with selman, New York. recent World Council of Chur- ecumenical movement," "Both are based on a barter t h e ches Assembly at Evanston, it w a s cooperative economy, typical of r u r a 1 saying Ill. rather than competitive con- America of another day." is an open secret that fessionalism. The World Coun- Musselman, who is executive "It secret police cil leader apparently referred secretary of the division of the American my every step," he to such world-wide confessional urban work of the National watched U. S. officials organizations as the Lutheran Council, said "the rural Amer- said. "Certain lies about the Hun- World Federation, the World ican is the vanishing Amer- spread delegation and then, Methodist Council, the World ican." garian wanted to hear Presbyterian Alliance, the Bap- "Most of our people live in when the press for- tist World Alliance and the cities and their whole method our side, the same officials

THIIEWITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 bade us to hold a press con- upturn in this field is there. LAYMEN MEET WITH ference." fore viewed by government NEW BISHOP Bishop Peter was one of five officials as particularly signi- * Laymen of Southwestern Hungarian Protestant leaders ficant. Virginia met w i t h Bishop who attended the Evanston Marmion Sept. 10 - 12 at meeting in August. While in PRESIDENT PUSEY Waynesboro. Speakers we r e the U. S. his movements were UNION ADVISOR Canon C. R. Leech of the restricted, under security reg- * President Nathan Pusey cathedral, Wilmington, Del.; ulations, to the Evanston area. of Harvard, an Episcopalian, William Ford of Bedford, Va., has been appointed to the who presented the national CHURCH CONSTRUCTION board of advisors of a new work of the Church; Prof. SHOWS MARKED RISE program for advanced religious Paul M. Patterson of Hollins * New church construction studies to be started next year College, president of the lay- this year is running 21 per- at Union Seminary. Also ap- men's League of the diocese, cent ahead of the best year on pointed was W. A. Visser 't who spoke on giving. record, the departments of Hooft, top executive of the publication. The Rev. W. E. Roach, chair- commerce and labor reports. World Council of Churches. man of the department of pro- and The record year was 1953, but It is a five- year program motion, conducted a session for that mark seems certain to be made possible by a $525,000 the training of canvass chair- reuse eclipsed. In the first five months grant from the Rockefeller men; Yuille Holt Jr. spoke on for of this year, churches had Foundation. building a parish program; G. started $205,000,000 worth of W. Beale of Bedford spoke of new buildings, compared with DAVID HUNTER Church schools and Allan Mc- required LEADS $170,000,000 in the same period CONFERENCE Donald of Waynesboro led a last year, an increase of $35,- conference for lay readers. 000,000 or 21 percent. * David Hunter, head of religious education of the Na-

Permission New construction valued at tional Council, led a conference CLERGY CONFERENCE $42,000,000 was launched in on education for the diocese of IN MICHIGAN May, compared with $35,000,-

DFMS. Central New York last week. *Prof. Holt H. Graham of / 000 in the same month a year It opened at Grace Church, ago. Seabury-Western Seminary was Syracuse, and then moved to Non-public school construc- the speaker at the clergy con-

Church Cazenovia where the clergy tion is also proceeding at a ference in Michigan, held Sept. were in session on the 28-29, record pace. As of June 1, S12-15 at Christ Church, Cran- and then back to Syracuse ground had been broken for brook. Wives attended this where meetings were held at Episcopal $197,000,000 worth of n e w year at the invitation of Bish- St. Paul's for teachers and op Emrich. the buildings by parochial and parents. of other non-public schools, com- pared with $156,000,000 at the The program concluded with CONFERENCES IN same date last year, a gain of a weekend conference at Christ CONNECTICUT

Archives Church, Sherburne. 26 percent. * Laymen of Connecticut Meanwhile, the downward held a conference at Avon over 2020. NEW YORK CLERGY trend in building by church- the weekend of Sept. 11 with CONFERENCE related and other private hos- the Rev. R. H. Wilmer, chap- pitals has been halted for the * The annual clergy confer- lain to Episcopal students at Copyright first time in two years. New ence of the diocese of New Yale the leader. It was fol- starts in May were well above York was held at West Point, lowed with a clergy confer- the level of last year. The Sept. 27-28. Speakers were ence, Sept. 14-15, with Bishop $134,000,000 total for the first Bishop Donegan, Bishop Boyn- Francis Batty of Australia five months of this year is ton, the Rev. Albert Cham- speaking on "Proposals for $3,000,000 more than the same bers, Edwin Yowell, Joseph Inter-Communion with insights period a year ago. Boyle, the Rev. Kenneth Ack- into the World Council of Since hospital construction erman, Jarvis Cromwell, who Churches and the Anglican was not affected by the Korean spoke on the work of St. Congress." War, there has been no backlog Luke's Hospital, Prof. Robert Bishop Gray, Bishop Hatch in this field, as in other lines Dentan of General Seminary. and Canon Ralph Read, execu- of building. The only shortage It closed with an address by tive secretary of the diocese, had been that of funds. The Bishop de Mel of India. were at both conferences.

THE \IITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 EDITORIALS

salute to dioceses that have already raised or Money Is News exceeded their mathematical share: Alabama, California, Chicago, Colorado, Fond du Lac; Indianapolis; Kansas, Los Angeles (which has sex and conflict make news is an MONEY,adage of reporters; any one makes a good pledged its full share of $113,519); Michigan; story; two in the same story is better; get all Missouri; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New three and you have a honey. York, with the largest quota of $393,548 which it expects to exceed; Oklahoma; Olympia, publication. The latest report of the Builders of Christ Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; Roches- and campaign gets under the wire as a good story, South Carolina; South Florida; with a plus added, not because of conflict but ter; Salina; Southern Virginia; Southwestern Virginia; reuse because of the lack of it. Spokane; Washington; West Texas; Western for The last report, the fourth received, esti- Massachusetts; Western New York; Milwaukee. mates that a total in cash and pledges of There is no comment in the report about $3,116,933 is down in the books. That the ob- required Massachusetts which has already reported cash jective of $4,150,000 will be reached and prob- and pledges of $200,966 and doubtless will ably exceeded is indicated by the comments reach its share which is only an additional scattered through the report. Albany, for $13,000. Also something very special ought to Permission example, has remitted about $7,000 of its Southern Ohio that has turned mathematical share of $70,000; Atlanta states be said about in $125,000 on a quota that was just about that it expects to reach its goal of $31,806 DFMS.

/ half that. though less than half has so far been raised. Central New York has raised about half of its So there is the good story, and if anybody has information that would make it a "better" Church $69,894, with Connecticut still $60,000 to go with its share of $151,456. story, or by chance a tid-bit or two that would it a "honey" of a story, they will be There are also a number of dioceses that make thankfully received, with the promise, as al- Episcopal either have so far reported nothing, or have ways, of discretion on our part. We have the informed headquarters that their campaigns reli- of been aware of the limitations in have been postponed until later: Dallas that always gious journalism. expects to raise $37,954; Delaware, $31,969; East Carolina, $15,575; Erie, $19,062; Georgia, Archives $17,780, with 100%' promised; Maryland with $93,000 still to raise; Minnesota with $57,914 2020. Helping Others being sought this fall; Virginia, with a quota of $67,669 having its campaign next year. E SPENT a few days at a lake and while We haven't named them all, nor have we there a man drowned. When the acci- Copyright used the adding machine to total the sum that dent happened nobody said, "A young man is can be reasonably be expected to add to the drowning," or "An old man . . . "-or a "good $3,116,933 but it looks like enough to bring the man" or a "bad man" - or a "lawyer" is total to at least the amount sought. drowning or a "poor man" . . . just "A man is We've already given our pat-on.the-back to drowning." It was enough to know that a man the boys and girls at 281 who were so largely was in need of help and everyone did all he responsible for the success of the campaign. could to save him. No one thought anything They in turn have given low bows to diocesan about his wealth or poverty, his race or color leaders, including the Church press, diocesan or religion. Everyone wanted to help. and national. We react this way easily and naturally in So we will wind up this little tribute with a an emergency but sadly not at other times.

THE W\ITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 Seven Few men have achieved the high level of treat- him again-because he didn't make us feel ing everyone accord to his needs. It is hard good by thanking us-because we gave him for us all to have the same attitude toward what we thought he ought to have, and so set those we feel are important and those who are ourselves up to run his life-perhaps we gave unimportant. The same attitude toward the a gift of money to avoid the sacrifice of being old lady who always talks about her imaginary of real help. ailments as we do toward our boss. The same To be sure he may just be an ungrateful toward the person who we have helped in need person. Or we may by our way of giving, give and who has been grateful as toward the per- the impression that we are better and more son who has been helped and never bothered important than he is and help to make him to thank us for our efforts. feel inferior. Many things enter into ingrati- Christ loved them all, the sick, the common tude and even God cannot give to those who person, the mentally ill, the sinners. In order will not receive his gifts but he stands always to be of the greatest service to our fellows we ready to give and so must we be prepared. have to forget ourselves. Take the case of our "A man is drowning" . . . That should be all publication. giving something to a person in need and he the call we need, all the information we re-

and does not give us any thanks. "That's the last quire before we see what we can do to help time I help him," we say. Why won't we help regardless of any thanks we may receive. reuse for THE CHURCH AND THE CITIZEN required An Anglican Congress Address By Kathleen Bliss Permission The Diocese of Rochester, England

DFMS. responsible?" The question has been asked / WHOdictionaries is the citizen? says "A burgess;One of mya freeman; helpful and answered before we meet; the citizen is a member of a state." Another omits the responsible. So our subject becomes clear: Church burgess but adds (with a kindly thought for what we have to discuss is man in his relation- the British making ship to the state, and through the state to speeches abroad) "in other states and nations. Episcopal the United States, a But in saying that we have made the subject the civilian." Not finding clear I am not implying that we have made it of myself much helped in simple. What sort of a world do we live in as defining our subject, I citizens? One in which in every country the

Archives turned back to the let- state has enormous and ever-increasing power ter written to me by to affect the lives of its citizens, coming into

2020. your program commit- almost every aspect of their lives, but coming tee in which I was as what? As partner and assistant to the t asked to introduce a citizen in living his own life, or as menace to

Copyright Sdiscussion of our mes- his liberty and destroyer of his initiative and sage in relation to the self-reliance ? state, international affairs and national move- Here are problems enough, but when we turn ments. All that is transcribed into one word from the relation of states to their own citizens on the program ... the citizen. to the relations of states to each other, a far I do not want to quarrel with the change of more terrifying prospect opens up. Two great wording, indeed quite the reverse. There is blocs of states, the one driven by a dogmatic everything to be said for taking large abstract ideology to seek world domination and the terms like the state, international affairs and other, because of what that domination would national movements, and making them con- mean, determined to resist it, face each other- crete by asking the straight question "what not only on a single front but throughout the does that mean in terms of people? Who is world. Each is armed with weapons capable

THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 of wiping out millions of lives at a stroke, has to be found by political action. These are capable also of making victory in any ordinary proper questions for us to ask of ourselves. sense of the word, unattainable by either side. That we have no one theory or practice in the These weapons are not in the hands of the relation of Church and state, no single political scientists whose researches made their manu- theory, no one political policy throughout the facture possible, nor are they in the hands of Anglican communion seems to me to point to military commanders to use when and where possible strength rather than weakness. It is they wish: they are in the control of certain a fallacy to think of the relation of the Church sovereign states, whose governments alone can to the world as a total relation of the whole direct or forego their use. Since the last war, Church to the whole world: this makes ab- many responsible utterances have been made, stractions of them both: as such they can and many events have taken place which under- exist only on paper. The relation of the real line the fact that in our contemporary world Church to the real world is much more inti- political power is supreme over every other mate, much more local and much more various. form of power. A solidarity of views throughout the Anglican The State communion would surely indicate that we were publication. to be effective in all our therefore must center on far too doctrinaire

and discussion OUR the question of the state, and move from many different situations. For the place where this center in two directions-downwards, so the Church has first to speak to the citizen is reuse to speak, that is in the direction of the mem- within its own region. I think the New Testa- for ber citizens of the state, and outwards towards ment says in its own language that for the other sovereign states, nations and dependen- Church 'the world' means not the world it can required cies. The whole orientation of our discussion talk about but the world it can engage with, is that we are looking at these problems not that is the people all around it, with their own as sociologists or historians or politicians, but race, their own geography and history, their as Christians who worship and pray together given situation which includes not some ab- Permission within one Communion of the Church of God. stract called 'the state', or the state as Chris- We belong to a communion so widespread that tians wish it were, but the actual powers that

DFMS. different states, and so varie- be. All regional Churches bear on them the / it touches many gated that within it we find established Chur- marks both of a faithful engagement with their ches closely linked to the state and Churches environment, including the state, and also the Church completely separated from the state: we find marks of a faithless capitulation to past pres- also advocates of both positions and opponents sures, or even present ones. of both: we find members of many different But what I have just said could be mere Episcopal political parties who will indeed fight each parochialism but for another important factor the other at the polls. in the relation of the church and the world- of I believe it is widely held among us Anglicans indeed it is the most important fact. Christ that it is not the Church's task to mould the is not bound by time and space; he did not die for one region or one community of men, nor Archives political opinions of her members and that it is not the Church's business to act as though did he die for the Church. He died for the all men, and not even for 2020. she were herself a political party. I think world, that is for there would also be general agreement among penitent men, or men with a sense of their own us that it is not one of the proper functions of need, but for men obsessed with power and in God. This means Copyright the Church to tell politicians what they ought flagrant rebellion against to do in concrete situations, but here there is that the Church works in its own place, know- ground for disagreement, especially when the ing that that place and all the rest of the world Church and the state are engaged in the same are under the dominion of Christ "We do not sphere of activity, as for example in education. see all things in subjection to him" says the A critic might ask whether Churches which apostle; no, we see in our world of today ti- have such different ideas and practices about tanic forces of evil at work. "But" he con- the relation of Church and state and which tinues, "we see Jesus" (Hebrews 2:9) and so agree mainly on certain ways of not acting indeed do we even today. We see the one who politically have any message for the citizen in died for all men and intercedes for them. It is the modern world, beset as it is by so many in this sense that there is a whole total world political problems or problems whose answer situation for the Church: it is a Christ-world

Nine THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 situation. In it Christ says to every regional said to me "We are always finding new families Church "Go into all the world" the world where living here" and she took me down through he already is, and preach the gospel which will holes in the ground into cellars where families open the eyes of men to see him. were living. The sight was wretched enough, It is by actually going, in obedience to this and yet it was not hopeless. The individual call to mission that the Church puts itself was not having to cope with this chaos alone where it can engage with the world in some or in fierce competition with his fellows. field new to it. I can do no more than hint at There were organized food supplies; refuse the dependence of the Church's action towards was being collected: cellars had electric light the state on its primary responsibility - for and some already had heating and cooking fa- mission. There is many a modern newly- cilities; there were no epidemics; children were independent state which has learned much of getting some schooling. Order was once more, what it knows about caring for the education and very quickly, re-asserting itself over chaos and health of its citizens from the Christian and the instrument of this order which alone Church which answered the call to go into all had the power to command both men and the world. And there are Churches which are materials, was the public authority. publication. beginning to learn something about their own Men of former days who lived on a narrower and unconscious and sometimes inhibiting relation- margin between chaos and order than most of ship to their own nation and state from those us do, were more aware of the necessity and reuse to whom they first took the gospel. value of this elementary function of the state for than we are. To St. Paul it was scarcely a Be the Church matter to be questioned that one should thank God for the state and pray for those who run required in relation to THE first task of the Church it-even the Emperor Nero. But here lies a the state is then to be the Church. It best question which vexes the Christian conscience: witnesses to the state by being other than the is the Christian thankful only for the good state and it best helps citizens by not being an Permission state, or for the state as such? It seems that organization of citizens as such. When it St. Paul enjoined prayer to be made for the faithfully pursues its own mission it will find state not because he judged the Roman Empire DFMS.

/ itself carrying the gospel not only over geo- good enough to be prayed for, but simply be- graphical frontiers but over these frontiers cause it was the state. And it is noteworthy which necessarily separate the Church from Church that in his life he acted upon the fact of his the secular organization of society and notably Roman citizenship and thereby changed the the state. It will declare that the sphere of course of his own life and ministry and, prob- the state is under the dominion of Christ and

Episcopal ably the history of the Church-and without a summon men to obey him and bear witness to

the word of self-justification or of regret. him there. It will sustain and nourish them in of If we too accept it as basic that the state as this labor. But it must continually return to such is part of God's will and ordinance and the bases of Christian thinking about the state, see "a necessary and wholesome gift of God in

Archives and at the same time act; which is the condi- this work of man," what implications has that tion of being able to see further. for us today? It is the Christians living under 2020. What then is the starting point of Christian totalitarian governments who are at closest thinking about the state? That the state is grips with this question. Professor Karl Barth, necessary and that its primary function is to who was among the very first to warn Chris- Copyright defend the community from chaos. This may tians and in the strongest terms, against being seom a somewhat primitive conception when deceived by Nazism, has more recently uttered we look around the modern world and see so a warning against judging from outside what many states busily seeking out new tasks to Christians ought to be doing in a position of perform in an ever more complicated organiza- infinite complexity. If it does so elementary a tion of society. A few months after the end thing as provide good roads and efficient traffic of the war with Germany I stood in the ruins regulations the state is preserving men's lives of Essen; there were no buildings or even re- from destruction by chaos, which is something mains of buildings in this part of the city, only that God wills. Christians in such conditions undulating heaps of pulverized rubble. My go on paying taxes and conforming in most guide, a Lutheran deaconess working there, respects to the laws of the land, and thanking

Ten THE WvITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 God for anything the state does of good. But sion, and into living experience of how perva- they see policies at work which are destroying sive the problem of the state is. men's lives, corrupting youth and subjecting Is Power Evil? women to the hideous new tyranny of being I WANT now to pass to another basic element compelled to put the state before their own in Christian thinking about the state, again children and families and the Church takes very simple in statement. The Christian be- up the battle for man's life as man. lieves that the state and the power it represents It does this first by being in society the are permanent features in human life. Partic- place where men are treated as men and where ular states come and go, but when they go men come to know themselves as men in con- sovereignty does not disappear, it re-appears frontal with God. In taking up the battle for in some new form of state. In Communist the true life of man, the Church will be led to theory the state is not a permanent feature in actions which have political results, but they human life: it will wither away when the will be actions proper to the Church and of a classless society emerges. Because it has not piece with its own life. In a collectivist society withered away in Communist societies, th'e whose aim is to link each individual directly Communist adds "but not yet." The point is and solely to the state to destroy every inter- publication. that the Communist does not regard grappling medite relationship which gets in the way of with the problems of the state and its power and this aim, the Church cannot stand for the as a primary objective. World revolution must unity of the family without performing acts reuse come first: when that has been achieved and with a political connotation. So far as we know for the Communist society made co-terminous with what is going on, this is a critical issue for the the world's boundaries and thus secured Church in China. In east Germany simply to against having any enemies, then the state required read out in the Church the names of villagers will of itself disappear and man's life be free who have disappeared is a political act: the and harmonious without restraint. All the Church is in this speaking for the community problems of the state are therefore for the against state deportations, and it is the only Permission Communist only incidental problems, all the voice the community has. In performing such evils of the state only interim evils, all the acts the Church brings the enmity of the state ruthlessness of the state towards individuals DFMS. / on itself. only steps on the road to a glorious future. In But Christians who are not behind the iron contrast with this the Christian is in deadly knows that power Church curtain also have a battle on man's behalf. earnest about the state. He Twelve million people in our world are refugees, is an ineradicable factor in human life and will most of them from states which have made be so to the end of time. It can never be pinned a notable co-oper- and settled once and for all, and it can Episcopal their lives insupportable. In down ative effort the Christian Churches have given never be left, by the sanctions of some theory, the

of their help: at first food, clothes and medicines. to take care of itself. But it has become clear that palliatives are not Having stated this as the main Christian enough. There is no future for these people position, I have to qualify it. There have been Archives who not only have no home or place but no sects of Christians who have believed that it state of which they are fully and effectively was desirable and possible to create a form of 2020. citizens with rights and duties. Resettlement society from which the factor of power was becomes the aim. But since every inch of the abolished and who have worked for that end. habitable globe is occupied by some sovereign There are minorities within all communions Copyright state, many thousands of Christians as in- including the Anglican who hold something dividuals or as congregations have taken up like the same opinions. But what affects a far the cudgels with their own governments, work- greater number of Christians is a certain nag- ing to get changes in the law which would let ging doubt about the very nature of power. them in, challenging the policy of some gov- Is power in itself evil, and if so must its use ernments to admit only the young and produc- be regarded as a compromise with necessity, tive, standing as sponsors vis a vis their bordering on sin? I have never heard a speech governments and working to change public on this point which did not quote the well- opinion. I quote this to show that the Church known dictum of Lord Acton "All power cor- today is continually brought into political action rupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." proper to its nature and dependent on its mis- This was not a thrown off epigram: out of his

THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 Eleven vast reading of history Acton believed this. and to survive as the state, and how is that "Suspect power," he said to a group of fellow necessary power of the state to be kept from historians "more than vice." abuse? I do not think that Acton would be so often When the people of Israel asked Samuel for quoted as he is if it were not that, speaking a king, he warned them that kings will act as always as a Christian, he awakens echoes in kings and use the power of their position. But many Christian hearts. Who can look on the the question was not left there. The old Testa- events of the last 15 years and not ask whether ment is full of struggles and dramatic encoun- power is not an evil force in the world which ters about the limiting and restraint of power the Christian should reduce, confine, and and the uses to which it may rightly be put- abolish if he can? The vocation of the politi- Saul and Samuel, David and Nathan, Ahab and cian comes a long way down the list of voca- Elijah. Through centuries of European his- tions through which Christians seek to serve tory the Church kept this question alive, alive God and their fellows. Why? Is it not because in political and legal theory, alive in action. it is well known that to touch politics is to soil Admit all the power drives of medieval ecclesi- publication. ones hands, and is it not from power, from not astics, the prince bishops, the cardinal states- men, the temporal powers of the papacy itself and only wielding it but seeking it, that the cor- ruption comes? yet the fact remains of a continual struggle to with justice and even reuse bring power into relation The relation of power and love raises some much more than an at- for with mercy. It was of the most searching of questions, philosphical tempt to get individuals in high positions to and practical and we are not going to answer behave well; it was an attempt to develop in- them in this Congress or to get more than required stitutions and practices which would limit the glimpses of answers if we give our lives to abuse of power. them. But we can at least make a beginning Compare this with the East, with Hindu by asking what sort of conception of love and India and Buddhist Japan, and with the Mo- Permission of power prevails today among those who are hammedan lands of the near East. The typical concerned about their relationship, Christians figures are the absolute monarch - absolute not least. "Love and power are often con- DFMS.

/ whether as law-giver or as tyrant, and the holy trasted in such a way that love is identified man, the sadhu, hermit or monk. The one with a resignation of power, and power with embraces power wholly; the other renounces Church a denial of love. Powerless love and loveless power wholly. None of these countries evolved power are contrasted." Love is identified with political institutions capable of replacing abso- sentiment, emotion or feeling, and power with lute monarchy-they borrowed them from the

Episcopal compulsion or force. Paul Tillich relates both West. the power and love to the same source, in life it- This long engagement of Christianity with of self. To be without power at all is for a being the stuff of politics ought to give us heart. The or a state to go out of existence; to be without men who struggled to create the institutions love is to be isolated from everything else

Archives which we inherit did not work in times of calm living, for love is the drive towards unity, but and peace alone; indeed the most important of they need each other. 2020. our political habits and institutions had their What is the love of parents for their child if origin in periods of conflict among men who the parents have no power, if they cannot on were grappling with problems which threatened

Copyright occasion compel the child or forcibly restrain to overwhelm them, many of whom might it? What is the use, to poor citizens, of well- worthily share the epitaph on the tomb of Sir intentioned schemes of social betterment if the Robert Shirley "whose singular praise it is to state cannot compel the rich to pay their have done the best things in the worst times, taxes? If there is no power there is no state. and hoped them in the most calamitous." To fall back from the terribly difficult problem We have an encouragement from the past, how to avoid the abuse of power, how to control and a still living tradition, but many of our the compellers, on to the simplification of say- problems are new and the climate of ideas is ing that power itself, being contrary to love, new too. One of the characteristic medieval must be suspect with Christians is to falsify ideas was that power could best be handled in and distort the real political problem: how is the community by a balancing of institutions the state to have enough power to be effective which divided the power between them. The

Twelve THE WITNESs - OCTOBER 7, 1954 "are saying 'the things we have suffered and two chief of these institutions were the Church centuries we will suffer and endure and the state: men spoke of the two swords in endured for longer'; this is not a material but a spiritual Europe, the temporal and spiritual power, each no and I do not think the West under- given by God. The rise of sovereign nation change its nature or its extent." states and the disruption of the Church at the stands either from what the Communists have Reformation put an end to what was already Quite apart in China, the face of all the rest of Asia falling into decay. Nobody can speak now of done changed by the passion of nationalism, Church and state as two swords, but the under- has been which has in it also a strong moral strain, in lying question of the two loyalties, God and for a more just order of society. Caesar remains unchanged. the desire New states and governments have been cre- Will of the People ated, ancient religions and cultures long over- HE key political idea of our own time, to laid by Western influences are reviving and at as Christians we have to address which the same time an Asian sentiment is developing is that sovereignty derives from the ourselves, among peoples who for centuries have had I want to mention two fac- will of the people. to do with the British, the Dutch or the

publication. more present situation and to say tors only, in the Americans than with each other. Asia has and about each: one is the enormous something turned the white man out of the place of citizenship in the world; the other growth of dominating influence, not by military power reuse in which the will of the people is the direction but by the power of passion. for carrying the state. Now the moderating force on nationalism is Less than a hundred years ago citizenship citizenship with its responsibilities and its still was what it had been in the days of St. required educative influence. Citizenship turns men's Paul, the privilege of a minority. From being minds from the hatred of their enemies or that it has suddenly developed into being the dominators to the real concern of government responsibility of all adults of both sexes in which is to govern; from the desire for freedom Permission dearly every country of the world. I think is to the content of freedom, from dreams to significant that you are being addressed on reality. Politicians whose duties have been this subject by a woman, one of the new citi- DFMS. mass meetings and dis- / for years to address zens. What does citizenship do to people? It rupt the course of government now have to is an exciting thing to watch a newly enfran- act responsibly towards a citizenry which, as Church chised people, or part of a people, going through Pundit Nehru pointed out, is growing more and their first election, which I did in India. It is more convinced that the ancient scourges of a powerful means of political education; they the East, poverty, disease and ignorance, are

Episcopal not have understood very much, but they may iot inevitable. But what counts the have acted, and that counts. I read the history of the Church of Eng- of much more is that the vote is in the community As that Anglicanism also came to what the latch key is in the family-a sign of land I reflect days of violent national feeling and being grown up, and, more than that, of being birth in

Archives with a nation through the throes of accepted as grown up. Over vast areas of the went Churches in the countries world men, and women too, are very suddenly change and growth. 2020. East and Africa set out on the same coming to this adulthood, but they are not of the course, but as so small an ark of God stopping at this symbol, they are pressing on perilous vast a flowing tide. Did we do what we to the full consequences, that is to taking the on so Copyright indeed are we doing what we can to help destinies of their nation on their own shoulders. could, in their task? Many Christians Two years ago I heard Pundit Nehru, Prime the Churches East feel that the life of the Church has Minister of India, answering the question in the from the traditional life and cul- whether he thought that the big changes going been severed the people with such severity that on in Asia were really understood in the West. ture of efforts have to be made for them He replied that he thought the West, or the tremendous into the heart of the life of their nation- informed minority there, had a very good to get remain true members of the Church. understanding of the economic, social and and still those of us who served the Church in the political changes in Asia, but he found no Did East ever give a thought to the teaching of awareness of the greatest change of all, which or the relation of the was going on in the hearts of men. political responsibility Can we under. "Millions of people all over Asia" he said, Church to national movements?

Thirteen TIE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 stand the factors which lead Christians to work unchanging truths apply to their own situation. for the secular and not a religious state. The I do not want to go into philosphical or political Church as a universal and supranational com- theories about the will of the people: I only munity is under great strain in many parts of want to ask what the people in our day want the world: the price for having western asso- of the state. Everywhere the old idea of the ciations is high and all that Christians of the state as the policemen in society is giving way West can show of understanding and help to the idea that the state ought to take positive where they can give it is a small enough action in society for the wellbeing of its citizens. acknowledgement of the faithful witness of so There is no nation so new or so poor that it many non-white Christians to the true and does not expect of its government education universal character of the church. and a care for health; justice not only between man and man but in the structure of society Sovereignty of God itself. The great demand is that the state THE other thing which I said I would take shall be humane. up, though all too briefly, is the growth of publication. Let us not be so busy deploring some of the the idea that the function of government is to and results of this demand of the people on their give expression to the will of the people. governments as to overlook their importance Stated like that, it is open to grave objection. reuse as such. I know the history of my own country The people, which in practice works out as for for best; let me ask you to look at the relation of most of the time the majority, can be as tyran- the state and its citizens in the early years of nous and self-seeking as the individual. The last century. In 1824 there were one hundred required big question raised is whether there is any and sixty offences for which the legal penalty limiting factor on what the people will, any was death. Men were recruited for the navy authority which the will of the people recog- by the kidnapping methods of the pressgang nizes and obeys. Permission and, discipline was, on the word of an admiral, It has been one of the greatest functions of maintained by cruelty. religion in the life of the state continually to

DFMS. recall men's minds to the sovereignty of God. In 1819 in Manchester the magistrates / Very often this was done without in effect ordered the cavalry to change upon a crowd of restraining the powerful: many a king made unarmed men, women and children, using their Church of the doctrine of his responsibility to God a swords. Meetings of laborers for political and doctrine of his lack of responsibility to anybody even for educational purposes were forbidden else. Far more enduring and fruitful has been by law and punished with ruthlessness. Naked Episcopal the conception of a law of nature or of God women pulled trucks through the coal mines the woven so to speak, into the fabric of the world and children worked for fifteen hours a day in of and recognizable by men as something in them- the factories. Prisons were farmed out to un- selves at war with their own mere inclination paid gaolers who made their living by extortion or wilfulness. This idea did not originate and unchecked brutality. Lone voices which Archives among Christians but probably among the asked the state to control or prevent such hor-

2020. Greeks; but Christians were certainly the great rors were howled down by the indignant and users and teachers of the doctrine, especially in privileged minority who were the citizenry of relation to law-making, the obedience of sub- the day. To a minority the state was an in-

Copyright jects to the law and the administration of strument of wealth and power, to the great justice. majority it was an object of fear. The trans. The great danger we are in is that for vast formation wrought by humane and determined numbers of people in the West, God is either men, including many Christians in the relation forgotten or unbelievable; certainly he is not a of state and citizen and in the views held about compelling factor in everyday life. What then what the state is for, if it could have been lies between us and the mere assertion of will predicted, would not have been believed. as the ultimate authority in all public affairs? But this great achievement is gravely threat- It is useless for the Church to state eternal ened from within. We are witnessing a corrup- truths in the way that was relevant to the tion of the aim to make society just and hu- political situation of a hundred or five hundred mane with the state playing its part. To have years ago. We must do what our forefathers a high and rising standard of living is rapidly did and help men to see how and why certain becoming the main social objective of the west-

Fourteen THirWITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 are speaking of the ern world. Inevitably society begins to be seen shall be understood, for we it all one in the as a complex organization for the production living experience of all. Is a question of what of more and more goods, and the state is drawn end which a man chooses, a success of, in a into helping to make it so because the state he likes or what he can make his choice? itself, with its immense armament programs, universe utterly indifferent to has become in recent years the greatest single Is it all one whether a nation seeks power consumer of the products of industry. I do not and possessions prodigally spending the irre- mean by what I have said that the poor and placeable resources of the earth, and rousing unproductive society is likely to be more just envy and hatred among poorer nations, and and humane than the highly productive one- justifying itself on the grounds that this is far from it: there is no hope of lifting the what the people want, or whether a nation burden of poverty, ignorance and disease which pursues the far more difficult and costly road cripple millions of lives, without a vast increase of responsible partnership in a community of of material goods. But these goods which can nations. It is the message of the Church to be the instrument of noble purposes do not the citizen that those who seek the costly road themselves create those purposes. and restrain the pride of power and the lust publication. A troubled awareness is coming over many of possessions in themselves are responding to and people that the "high and rising standard of forces of goodness and love, mercy and truth living" is not enough to live for. It is not which man did not make and which he can reuse enough for the individual: it leaves the hidden never destroy. It is the message of the Church for longing for satisfaction in personal and social that those who seek domination and power are relationships unfulfilled. The decay of the pitting themselves against the immutable laws for personal and social living must lead of God and working their own downfall. required capacity to the decay of politics also, for politics is not The whole human situation is overshadowed a form of technology, but a form of encounter by the peril of war, war which could destroy between men and men, power and power, the peoples and cities and plunge whole commu- Permission governors and the governed. nities into destitution: war which could wipe It is also becoming a question whether the out all men's struggle to bend the state to usurps first place it once again into DFMS. aim of productivity, if it humane purposes by turning / among the aims of a society and a state, can the wild tiger fighting for its life and flinging give a society that unity and strength of pur- off every restraint in the naked struggle to

Church pose without which it may decay. We are survive. therefore being driven back again to asking Our greatest present enemy is fear, fear what are the inescapable conditions of man's which releases itself in impulsive action or in

Episcopal life in society. It is no longer a question, as it apathy and despair. I once watched an encoun- the was for so many centuries, of controlling the ter between a bird and a snake. Paralysed by of power of the few over against the helplessness fear, the bird stood motionless, its eye fixed of the many: it is a question of the wills and upon the enemy whose intentions it knew only purposes of the whole citizenry, of the desires too well. I made some slight movement and Archives of ordinary men and women which shape so- the bird remembered that it had wings and ciety and press upon the state-these are the was gone. It did not belong only in the world 2020. new power. Church and nation becomes as of the snake, and our world is not only a world important a relationship as Church and state, of evils which threaten to engulf mankind: it and it is not to kings and potentates but to is sustained and suffused by the inexhaustible Copyright ordinary men and women and the representa- love of God. tives they elect that the Church must speak of the sovereignty of God, and its restraint ------upon the people's will. THE CHRISTIAN WAY OUT If we speak to them of natural law in the Edited by W. B. Spofford Sr.

terms of the medieval schoolman, they will not Essays on the international and economic situations by Archbishop understand what we mean. But if we speak Temple; Nicholas Murray Butler; Bishop Parsons; William Green; Vida D. Scudder; Bernard Iddings Bell; Mary Simkho- of the war within the heart of man, the longing vitch; Reinhold Niebuhr; Harry W. Laidler; V. Auguste Demant; at war with the Daniel McGregor; Spencer Miller Jr.; William G. Peck; Conrad for possessions and power Noel. An appendix questions for group discussion. longing for goodness which imparts self-re- 50c a copy spect, and for trust and love, which engender The WITNESS - Tunkhannock, Pa. the deep satisfactions of personal relations, we

Fifteen THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 HONOLULU REPORTS ship council, was the speaker ON CAMPAIGN at a luncheon on Sept. 27 when * Bishop Kennedy of Hono- reports were given by the 400 'tuart ~AIIt lulu reported to National Coun- workers in the campaign for EPISCOPAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Virgina's oldest preparatory school for girls. cil that the district has raised Washington Cathedral. Rich in cusltral traditions of the South. Charming surroundings. Modern equipment. $6,000 in the Builders for Grades 9-12. l'ully accredited. Graduates in Christ leading colleges. General course. Music, art. campaign. It had no CLERGY CONFERENCE Gymnasium, wooded campus. Indoor pool. mathematical share. IN SOUTH CAROLINA Catalog. MRS. WM. T. HODGES, Headmistress, Box L, SEWANEE * Canon Alan Richardson of Staunton, Va. SEMINARY Nottingham, ADMITS NEGRO England, was the headliner at the clergy confer- * Merrick Collier, Negro of ence in South Carolina. He SAINT MARY'S HALL Savannah, has been admitted gave four lectures on communi- SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS to the School of Theology, A residence and day school for girls. Pre- Se- cating Christian truth in an paring for leading colleges. Fully accredited. wanee, the first to be admitted Training in leadership and Christian char- age of science. acter. Religious education, music, dramatics, for the regular three-year art. Outdoor sports throughout the publication. year. course. Eat. 1879 Beatrice McDermott Head Mistress and 117 CATHEDRAL STUDIOS EAST FRENcst PLACE WASHINGTON CATHEDRAL reuse Silk damasks, linens, by yd. Stoles, bursa s CAMPAIGN veils, etc. 'Iwo new books, Church Embroid- for ery & Vestments, complete instruction, 128 Write us for * Leslie Knox Munro, am- pages, 95 illustrations, vestment pattrnsa bassador drawn to scale, price $7.50. Handbook Eel of New Zealand and Altar Guilds, 4th ed., 53 cts. Miss Mackrilie, president of the UN II Kirke St., Chevy Chase, Md. 15. Tel. Organ Information

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Permission OVER 1,500,000 SUNFLOWER DISH CLOTHS Were sold in 1946 by members of Sunday THE PARISH OF TRINiTY CHURCH Schools, Ladies' Aids, 'oung People's Groups, New York City DFMS. etc. Tihey enable you to earn money / [ox Rev. John Hesuss, D.D., r your treasury, and make friends [or your organization. TRINITY Rev. Bernard C. Newman,.v SANGAMON MILLS Broadway and Wall St. Established 1915 Sun HC 8, 11, EP 3:30; Daily MP 7:45, Church Cohoes, N. Y. [IC 8, Noon Set, EP 5:05; Sat HIC 8, EP 1:30; HID & Fri HIC 12; C Fri 4:30 & By appt CASSOCKS ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL Episcopal SUKPU'LCES - CHOIR VESTMENT'S EUCHARISTIC VESTMENTS Broadway and Fulton St. the ALTAR HANGINGS and LINENS Rev. Robert C. Husnsicker, v of All Embroidery Is Hand Done Sun Music Broadcast CBS 9, HC 10; Dailyi MP 7:45, HC 8, 12 ex Sat, EP 3; C Prl J. M. HALL, INC. & Sat 2 & by appt 14 W. 40th St., New York 18, N. Y. CHAPEL OF THE INTERCESSION Archives yThis beautifully designed TEL. CHI 4-3306 Broadway and 155th St. 4,J.Visiting Communion Set Rev. Joseph S. Minns, D).D., V Sun HC 8, 9:30 & 11, EP 4; Weekdays 2020. made of sterling silver, with 4 CHURCH LINENS HC daily 7 & 10, MP 9, EP 5:30, Sat 5, Int 12; C Sat 4-5 & by appt 4crystal mounted Cruet, forms 1 By The Yard 4 amost welcome gift for church Fine Irish Linens made for us in Belfast. ST. LUKE'S CHAPEL Transfer Patterns, Vestment Patterns, Ny- 487 Hudson St. Copyright Tor clergyman. Price of 5 pieces,4 lon for Surplices, Thread, Needles, etc. Rev. Paul C. Weed, Jr.,.v Free Samples 4 complete with Case, $95.00. Sun HC 8, 9:15 & 11; Daily HIC 7 & 8, 4 Mary Fawcett Company C Sat 5-6, 8-9 & by appt 1 Prices subject to change without notice Box 25w, M.&RSraxn.n, MS. ST. AUGUSTINE'S CHAPEL FOR T WRITE ILLUSTRATED 292 Henry St. (at Scammel) CCLESIASTICAL. BROCHURE Rev. C. Kilmer Myers, v' l ALTAR LINENS Sun HC 8:15, 11 & EP 5; Mon, Tues, Wed, PRICES lT ~ GIVING Fri HC 7:30, EP 5, Turs, Sat HC 6:30, Exquisite qualities of Irish Church Linens 9:30, EP 5 4 4 by the yard. or Madeira-embroidered Altar Linens of all tvpes made up to fit your requirements. Nominal prices. ST. CHRISTOPHER'S CHAPEL 4 4 48 Ilenry St. Plexiglass Pall Foundations $1.00 Rev. Edward E. Chandler, Free Samples p-in-c PROVIDENCE 7, RHODE ISLAND Sun HC 8, 10; Daily HC 8, ex Fri & MARY MOORE, Importer Sat 7:45 AMERICA'S LEADINGSILVERSMITHS SINCE1631 4 B~ox 394-W Davenport, Iowa

Sixteen THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 BISHOPS SPEAK weekends and leisure time serv- CANON SANSBURY OPENS IN MARYLAND ing at Trinity Church in Fair- COLLEGE OF PREACHERS * Bishop Powell of Mary- view. * Canon Kenneth Sansbury land shared the program at a of Canterbury Cathedral, Eng- mass meeting held in a Balti- NEW BUILDING land, gave the opening lecture more theatre wit h Bishop AT SEWANEE for the fall term of the College Mukerjee and Bishop de Mel * Two major building proj- of Preachers, Washington, on and the Rev. Don Frank Fenn, ects were announced at the Sept. 27th. He is the head of all speaking on the recent opening of the University of the recently opened St. Augus- Anglican Congress. It was a the South, Sewanee, Sept. 22. tine's College where clergy of worship service with a massed A new stone dormitory will be the Anglican Church go for choir of 500 voices. in memory of Alexander Cleve- graduate study. land of Houston, Texas, and a TAX COLLECTOR LOS ANGELES DOING BECOMES stone tower for the chapel is PERPETUAL DEACON THOROUGH JOB given by the Shapard family of * Los Angeles is having a publication. * George W. Hall Jr. of Griffin, Ga. door-to-door visitation to reach Girard, Pa., an internal revenue and every Episcopalian during this collector, was ordained a per- GENERAL SEMINARY month and next. There are petual deacon at ceremonies in GETS UNDER WAY reuse 250 key laymen spearheading Grace Episcopal Church, Lake for * General Seminary began the campaign. City, conducted by Bishop Crit- its 138th year on Sept. 22 with tenden. 210 students, with 52 in the * ADDRESS CHANGE required As a perpetual deacon, he first year class. They come Please send both your old and will continue working for the from all parts of the U. S. and your new address. government but will spend his from six overseas countries. Permission DFMS. / Suggestion for Vestrymen: Church Soundest way to meet one Episcopal the

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THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 Seventem something else for others to do it. Moreover, if there is any such money BACKFIRE available, let's spend it on the work.

WALTER MITCHELL the House of Deputies votes against QUICKLY FOLD 03 UNFOLD ''/ff~ Bishop of Arizona, retired what we have passed. Actually, the f The two big meetings at Evans- House of Bishops, is anything but CHANGING F~ "'E It only seems so when com- ton and Minneapolis are over. Most liberal. ROOM USES ' people have had their vacations and pared with the House of Deputies- TOPS OF are down to work. Would this not The cost of the trip to Honolulu that, if be a good time to raise the question will so affect the attendance PRESIVOOD a FIR that it will RIRCE PLYWOOD- whether General Convention should we meet here, I predict General meet in Honolulu? The sooner that be the most unrepresentative 7MAXIUM LINOLEUM a PLASTICS would SAIG STRONG, RIGID is settled the better, for all con- Convention on record. That at any time; it wouild MIIUM TUBULAR cerned especially Bishop Kennedy be bad enough SOAGE STEEL LEGS and Honolulu. be tragic now. publication. a plan on I have a very warm spot in my I understand there is foot to offer to help members with and heart for both of them. Two years need it. I cut of seminary I was called to be their expenses, if they would accept the dean of that cathedral. Bishop doubt that very many reuse is one thing for Kennedy and I have been good such a hand out. It for the cost; it is friends for years; I was one of the the diocese to pay co-consecrators when he was made bishop. But all my ministry I have ST. JAM ES LESSONS required Content: Nine courses based believed that the work comes first, on the Prayer Itook. no matter what else happens. Method: WVorkbook, 33 lea- General Convention is and always sons, handwork. will he a very conservative body until

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Episcopal the costs and be away that long. CHURCH VESTMENTS One evidence of this conservatism of the the House Deputies is that the House CHURCH BULLETINS at SAVINGS up to 500o/6 of * ***tEvery progroessive church should of Bis~hops is regarded as much more Iuse Wintler. De Lua Bulletin Now-at almost half the price of custom- IBoard. Di. nified. effeactive, and liberal,; it frequently happens that econouical. 0ver 7.000 IN USE. tailored vestments-your church can enjoy Increseatendnceinterest the quality materials and beauty for which

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Eighten THE WITNESS - OCTOBER 7, 1954 First, it took a firm stand against hardly a mission field which sure the Presiding Bishop would like There is We know that all the really needs. to know it; if it should be the other segregation. has all the money it black, brown, way, he would be glad to know that. races of the earth: The Presiding Bishop changed yellow or white are all children of hear several bishops have said the place once because, as I assume, I God and equal in his eyes. the public opinion of the they could not attend if in Hono- hesaw Second, the banning of the pro- expected him to do it. And, lulu, whether that means those dio- Church duction or use of atomic or hydrogen to go from one place be- ceses will not be represented in the in a way, weapons was favored. This is a of segregation to another A hich House of Deputies, I do not know; cause matter of life and death for our the best possible example of but, in a letter from a bishop of a offers civilization. Thoughtful men and as well as giving the New England Diocese about another non-fegregation, women realize that World War III members of and visitors to General matter, he said that diocese would would result in world destruction. Convention a first hand look at mis- not be represented. The Church peaceful coexistence with siorary work, were good reasons if should tell the Presiding Bishop how Third, nations of the world, what- nothing else was involved. But, as it feels about the matter. the other political ideologies, was one other bishop put it, he went from Of course, I may be entirely mis- ever their is necessary in or- one form of segregation, that of taken in thinking that the excessive advocated. This that world peace may be main- race, to another, of cash, which is cost, no matter how met, is a mis- der tained. publication. very serious too. use of money. But I have been testify to I am not in the confidence of the mistaken so many times before, I The above resolutions and understanding and Presiding Bishop, but knowing him might now-but I am from Missouri the intelligent spirit of this worldwide as I do, I believe if the public opinion both naturally and temaeramentally. Christian reuse of the Church were to make it clear "The Work comes first." gathering. for that we should meet in the states, he wsould change the place. He said LUTHER D. WHITE CARLETON COLLEGE to do it before was one of the hard- Layman of Water!ford, Conn. LAUitENCii M. GOULD, P'residenti required est things he had ever had to do ; if Carleton is a co-educaitioinal liberal arts col- Assembly of the World lege of limited enrollment and is recoR- the good of the Church seemed to The recent Council of Churches passed several nizcd is the Church College of Minnesota. require it, hard as it might be, he is AddIress Director of Admi~ssions which will please every man enough to change the place resolutions CARLET ON COLLEGE who believes the Church Noutiu ii) MINNESOTA Permission again. Christian should take its stand for Christ in the public opinion of How can world affairs. the Church be manifested? It would 11 L 1) E RI N E S S DFMS. 0

/ be too late to wait for action of the KEMPER HAL Th;e Whiiite \loiintain Schln, fur bove various diocesan conventions, but if 13-9. Thoronuigh, college prepsaration in that of smtiall classes~.. Stnit governmecnt ems- every diocese would do what eliroti for girls offering earui aports, Rnniriri.lc 1in da,s phaize~s respiionsibiiliity. Church Albany has done-have the bishop rhnroiri' ' lee nre-ration anid irning fnr 'krg. DX-iating. Clee Club. Art. niiris.'", 1; i ii- St-,,. of 0"o Pine A'. Nes. fireptoA building. and standing committee meet and tell 1 snorts program. Junior enert ratter . Complete C. HiAGERiMAN, Hleadmaster 4 *. tier! ii. arrtment. Beiautiful lake shore campus. DO)NALD) the Presi' ing Bishop what they 11s1imiuth New H aimpshire 11_i_~ it,,o ,1;.otinri of the Sisters of St. Mary. think, surely that would do it? If rOR CA TALOC0, ADDRESS, BOX WT Episcopal that that public opinion it should be lMountaifls the St. Makry is-in-the is against going to Honolulu, I am of Episcopil college preparatory boarding The CHURCH HOME school for 601 girls. C oiimunity life bared on Chirrstiran princ iples in whtich all siu- AND HOSPITAL iI,-mr siare respirnsthili~d for social, sports, BLUE RIDGE SCHOOL religious, and social service activities. ST. GEORGE, VA. BLTIORExut 31, MARYLAND Xi. iiu. program. Aits. Skiing, other sports. Archives boxs and girls. A Christian School for Caitariogue. Miountains 24 miles A. three xearr aiccredited course of nursing. Situatedi in I'lue Ridge Schsol- Grades one through Classes enter August jail september. M. A.. Princil'a from Charrlottesville. qualified high Jenks, aind convalescent depart- arships avairlabrle to well IMarvLITTLETON Harlev (Wh'iie Mountais), 2020. twelve. Pre-school Tuition and board from $60 to $75 schoul gircduarte. ment. IlAMPasnits per month. Apply: Director of Nursing NEw Rrv. D. C. LovINO, Hleadmasrter LENOX SCHOOL Copyright DeVEAUX SCHOOL Htills for NIAXGARA FALLS, NEW YORKi A Chrch School in the Berkshire boss 12-i8 emiphasiing Christian ideals Forunded 1853 ST. MARY'S SCHOOL antI character itirough simipicity of plant SEWANEE, TENN. A C hurch Sichool for buss in the Diocese of andi eqipmlntent, mroderate tuition, the co- Wesctern N", fok. College pireparartoir ope rative self-hld system, and informal, high school girls. Honor 1 ciasses. Exclusivels' for Brad c s i tis rhiigr n. Small prersonal relationships among boys and ss stein stressed. Accredited. S hls~iprlii.saviai c. G.xrace 7 thriiughr 12. farulty. address: Plieaser lot iiiioiii~iiiiii adrs Fhis "A" REVX. R'OBERlT L. CURRY, Headmaster Mrison Brigham, M. A., Hieadmaster tLenox, Afassachusetts The Sister Superior, C.S.MI. LayutwtoiL. Smile, 1) ii., Pres. Bourd of 'f'rostees

HALL Virginia Episcopal School St. Au-ustine's College ASHLEY I 1'N(I 1JURG, V I(,INIA IN IiSTORIC CiiAxRLiSTON RALEIG(,. NORTHl C.XL;OLINA lr t' .rc. ( for cirliegis and urniversitv. gra~l irs-12I. An outnin g college 1567 - 191il Girlsx, S+l endhl ens i ru m anrdi excellent corps FuI aiIC.ccredlited. Also IAccredited Four-Sear C olege for Negro prepairanioryschooiiii. iof rnic -rirs. 1Iir;' rtiIdcd in scirrlasrsbrp lPre-A\leial, generanl cout e. Exclient departments of Yo uth. C a-edmriorial. Mulrsic, . id,^. I matri anid beaiuttful mrusic, art and dlramiotcs. Mildl climate. a liicaaion in the mrountairns of Virtgrnia. Busi .ess, lPre.- I ear-round outdo or sports; 'tiding, pool. S.hoil,'t1ccher Training. mr cataloguhie,arito i Social Woilk. Nursing LEducation in co- Catalog. WXILLIAMXS. PIPERf, Headmaster GEORGE L. BARTON, JR., Ph.D.. operaion witoh St. Agniis h ospital, I headri~maserc Box 408 HlAROLD L. TRIGG, PiitsiogiN-r Box E CARLSTmcONs, S. C. UNIVERSITY PRESS

Morals and Medicine By REV. JOSEPH FLETCHER, Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge

publication. Foreword by DR. KARL MENNINGER and The painfully difficult moral problems raised by the advance of medical science---contraception, artificial insem- reuse ination, steriliation, euthanasia, the patient's right to know for the truth- have largely been ignored except by Catholic moralists. Here, a leading Protestant theologian offers a required modern Christian concept of right and wrong for all who are involved: the patient, the doctor and nurse, the pastor, and family and friends.

Permission 264 pages. $4.50 DFMS. / Church The Protestant Clergy and Public Episcopal the Issues, 1812-1848 of By JOHN R. BODO Archives The illuminating and thought-provoking record of the and state in our national life 2020. interaction between church from the War of 1812 to the Mexican War. John R. Bodo, himself a Presbyterian minister, examines the orthodox issues of the time, Copyright Protestant clergy's stand on the crucial the clergy's influence on national events, and the opposition which the orthodox encountered among the Unitarians, "frontier" Baptists, Disciples, and other small groups. 306 pages. $5.

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