Behavioural Brain Research
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Economics Behavioural
BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS WTTC HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS WTTC × HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS | BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS WTTC HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS Getting service providers and travellers to choose sustainable options OVERVIEW BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS draws together insights from different disciplines to help explain human decision-making and behaviours. It challenges the assumption of perfect rationality and reveals how many of our decisions are fast, subconscious choices, especially when we are time poor, distracted and multitasking. Knowing this aids us in understanding how a person is likely to behave in a given context. Using behavioural economics can help us design Travel & Tourism products and services that promote the sustainable choice as the most likely choice the consumer or traveller will make. Considering decision-making and behavioural insights can inform promotional and sales materials, pricing strategies, staff training and the design of the experience itself. Behavioural economic approaches employ nudges and behaviour-smart designs to avoid placing a disproportionate burden on the traveller to make sustainability decisions. This could impact positively the overall footprint of the sector. 1 WTTC × HARVARD LEARNING INSIGHTS | BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS INTRODUCTION RADITIONAL economic thinking assumes decision agents make optimal choices based on full rationality, selfishness, and tastes that remain stable over time1. That would mean that every time we face a choice, we proactively identify all the relevant information available to us, analyse it rigorously, and select the most beneficial of the available options. This model underpins how we believe consumers behave in a given context, such as a traveller choosing among different holiday destinations with varying sustainability options. We assume they make common-sense decisions, based on facts and without emotional influence. -
The Digital Brain Bank: an Open Access Platform for Post-Mortem Datasets
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.21.449154; this version posted June 22, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The Digital Brain Bank: an open access platform for post-mortem datasets Benjamin C. Tendler1, Taylor Hanayik1, Olaf Ansorge2, Sarah Bangerter-Christensen2, Gregory S. Berns3, Mads F. Bertelsen4, Katherine L. Bryant1, Sean Foxley1,5, Amy F.D. Howard1, Istvan Huszar1, Alexandre A. Khrapitchev6, Anna Leonte2 Paul R. Manger7, Ricarda A.L. Menke1, Jeroen Mollink1, Duncan Mortimer1, Menuka Pallebage- Gamarallage2, Lea Roumazeilles8, Jerome Sallet8,9, Connor Scott2, Adele Smart1,2, Martin R. Turner1,2, Chaoyue Wang1, Saad Jbabdi1*, Rogier B. Mars1,10,*, Karla L. Miller1* 1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom 2Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom 3Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America 4Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark 5Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America 6Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 7School of Anatomical Sciences, -
SCBS Brochure.Cdr
RASHTRIYA RAKSHA UNIVERSITY An Institution of National Importance Pioneering National Security and Police University of India SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES Multidisciplinary studies in Criminal Behaviour www.rru.ac.in MESSAGE FROM THE VICE-CHANCELLOR Professor (Dr.) Bimal N. Patel Vice-Chancellor, Rashtriya Raksha University Member, National Security Advisory Board, India To emerge as an inter-disciplinary professional in the field of Criminology and Behavioural Sciences I am pleased to inform that the Rashtriya Raksha University, India’s pioneering security and police university, has announced its degree admission programmes for the academic year 2021-22. The University is gained the status of the Institute of National Importance and Central University, through THE RASHTRIYA RAKSHA UNIVERSITY ACT, 2020 Bill introduced in the Parliament of India. School of Criminology & Behavioural Sciences has announced their admission for masters, post graduate and doctoral programs. I can assure you that teaching, research, extension and training components of their academic programs will prepare you to take up an exciting professional career in any area of Criminology, Behavioural science and security. The University will offer scholarships to students on need-cum-merit basis to promote National and International student exchange, field and industrial trips, research program and also will involve students in consultancy and training programs. The campus is spread in 230 acres of land, in a serene and peaceful environment, with State of Art infrastructure equipped with all amenities that would facilitate start-up incubation and innovation avenues, for overall growth and development. School of Criminology and Behavioural Sciences (SCBS) is offering academic and research programs and encourages students from all parts of India. -
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European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences EpSBS www.europeanproceedings.com e-ISSN: 2357-1330 DOI: 10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.296 ISCKMC 2020 International Scientific Congress «KNOWLEDGE, MAN AND CIVILIZATION» DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF POPULATION OF MONGOLIAN-SPEAKING REGIONS OF RUSSIA: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC Ekaterina Sergeevna Kovanova (a)*, Nogan Vyacheslavovona Badmaeva (b), Irina Vladimirovna Imideeva (с) *Corresponding author (a) Kalmyk state University named after B. B. Gorodovikov, 11, Pushkin St., Elista, Russia, [email protected], (b) Kalmyk scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Ilishkina St., Elista, Russia, [email protected], (c) University of Finance and Economics of Mongolia, 12, Peace Avenue, Ulaanbaatar, 13381, Mongolia, Post Office-49, [email protected] Abstract The article examines current trends in the demographic development of two regions of Russia, in which representatives of Mongolian people live – the Republic of Kalmykia and the Republic of Buryatia. The republics preserve deep spiritual connection and have one religion even though they are geographically distant from each other. The authors of the article are interested in studying the influence of the traditional values of Mongolian people on the demographic development of Russian regions where they live. The article examines the features of the demographic development of Mongolia, compares the indicators with the all-Russian and demographic indicators of the studied regions. The studied republics have difficult socio-economic -
Behavioural Insights at the United Nations: Achieving Agenda 2030
BEHAVIOURAL INSIGHTS AT THE UNITED NATIONS Achieving Agenda 2030 CONTENTS Agenda 2030 and the Role of Behavioural Insights 1 Improving United Nations Programmes with Behavioural Insights: 10 Case Studies 5 Advancing Gender Equality Leaving No One Behind Protecting the Planet Managing Risk and Building Resilience Preventing Violent Conflict and Building Peaceful Societies Strengthening the UN’s Organizational Potential with Behavioural Insights 14 Features Behavioural Insights 101 2 Designing a Behavioural Insights Project 4 Generating Evidence through Rigorous Evaluations 11 Building Capacity for Behavioural Science at the UN 15 Cover Photo: UNICEF/BANA2013-01238/Kiron The views expressed in this publication are from the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the United Nations, UNDP, UNICEF or any of its affiliated organizations. Behavioural Insights at the United Nations | Page II AGENDA 2030 AND THE ROLE OF BEHAVIOURAL INSIGHTS The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development refrigerators, computers, and other devices — sets out an ambitious plan for transforming our picked up at their doorsteps and safely recycled, world over the next fifteen years: ending poverty instead of dangerously discarded into landfills. and hunger, protecting the planet from degradation, ensuring that people can live prosperous and In order for programmes like this one to have fulfilling lives through economic and technological maximum impact, they must be designed using growth, and eliminating fear and violence in favour the latest research on what drives people to of peaceful, just, and inclusive societies. meaningfully engage with programmes. For the China recycling app to be effective, people need The United Nations has risen to these challenges to be aware of the app, motivated to download it, by developing a number of programmes targeted and reminded to use it when the time comes to at achieving better social, economic, and discard a household item. -
Code of Ethics for Research in the Social And
CODE OF ETHICS FOR RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES INVOLVING HUMAN PARTICIPANTS As accepted by the Deans of Social Sciences in the Netherlands, January2016 Preamble This Code of Ethics for the Social and Behavioural Sciences is meant/intended as a guideline for research in the social and behavioural sciences involving human participants not covered by the Medical Research Involving Human Participants Act [Wet medisch-wetenschappelijk onderzoek met mensen, WMO). Research in the social and behavioural sciences is diverse in its nature and execution, and in many respects it differs greatly from biomedical research. This requires an independent guideline for ethical review of research involving human participants, taking the existing diversity into account. This diversity not only concerns the broad spectrum that constitutes the social and behavioural sciences, but also the research methods applied. Methods comprise surveys and interviews, focus groups, direct observation, physiological manipulation and recordings, standardised tests, descriptive methods, economic analyses, statistical modelling, ethnography and evaluation. In some disciplinary branches of the social sciences, in particular in psychology, minimal physical interventions are also used2. As contemporary research is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, it is impossible to draw a strict line between research in the social and behavioural sciences and other types of research. This complicates devising clear ethical guidelines to be applied to all forms of research. However, the following basic principles may be applied to the implementation of all research and, consequently, to the review of ethical aspects of research in the social and behavioural sciences in order to protect research participants: Avoidance of exploitation; Just distribution of benefits and burden; . -
What Is Behavioural Science?
01 behavioural science_01 behavioural science 16/01/2013 15:16 Page 1 Chapter 1 What is Behavioural Science? LEARNING OBJECTIVES When you have read this chapter you should be able to explain: • the alternative pathways to arriving at knowledge and their associ- ated limitations; • how the scientific method attempts to overcome the difficulties involved in knowing what is true; • what the main characteristics of the scientific approach are; and • how the scientific approach is applied to the study of human behaviour. INTRODUCTION At the start of the third millennium it is a generally accepted fact that all the matter in the universe, including our own bodies, is made up of 105 basic elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Within the human body as in all living things the elements form molecules which are built up into different kinds of cells. There are many different kinds of cells corre- sponding to the different kinds of tissue in the body such as skin, bone and brain tissue. It is accepted that the brain is a very complex organ compris- ing billions of cells known as neurones intricately linked up together in a complex network. It is this organ that physically controls our behaviour – everything from our breathing to our personalities, learning and memories. In the chapters that follow we will explore the factors that influence the brain so as to produce the individual pattern of behaviour that we witness in each person. 01 behavioural science_01 behavioural science 16/01/2013 15:28 Page 2 2 Introduction to Behavioural Science Our current understanding of matter in general, the human brain and human behaviour was not shared by the majority of people throughout his- tory. -
Effect of Deficient Phagocytosis on Neuronal Survival
F1000Research 2017, 6:1827 Last updated: 09 MAR 2020 STUDY PROTOCOL Stage 1 Registered Report: Effect of deficient phagocytosis on neuronal survival and neurological outcome after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] Julius V. Emmrich 1, Jonas J. Neher2,3, Philipp Boehm-Sturm1,4, Matthias Endres1,5, Ulrich Dirnagl 1,5,6, Christoph Harms1,6 1Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany 2German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany 3Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany 4NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 5German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany 6QUEST – Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany First published: 12 Oct 2017, 6:1827 ( Open Peer Review v1 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12537.1) Second version: 14 Nov 2017, 6:1827 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12537.2) Reviewer Status Latest published: 16 May 2018, 6:1827 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12537.3) Invited Reviewers 1 2 Abstract Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. In addition to version 3 neuronal death resulting directly from energy depletion due to lack of blood (revision) supply, inflammation and microglial activation following ischemic brain 16 May 2018 injury has been increasingly recognized to be a key contributor to the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease. -
Is Behavioural Economics Ready to Save the World?
In Focus Book Is behavioural economics ready to save the world? Modern medicine has long doled out make food labels more eff ective, or to other contributions are largely from helpful advice to ailing patients about improve the way that healthy foods are the perspectives of psychology and not only drug treatments, but also presented in school cafeterias, more marketing: Dennis Runger and Wendy diet, exercise, alcohol abuse, and many politically unpalatable interventions Wood discuss habit formation, Rebecca other lifestyle decisions. And for just in the marketplace might not be Ferrer and colleagues emphasise the as long, patients have been failing to needed. This idea, dubbed “libertarian importance of emotion in decision follow doctors’ orders. Many of today’s paternalism” by Richard Thaler and making, Brent McFerran discusses social most pressing public health problems Cass Sunstein, has been pursued with norms in the context of obesity, Jason would disappear if people would just gusto in both the UK (David Cameron’s Riis and Rebecca Ratner explain why make better choices. Government formed the Behavioural some public health communication Enter behavioural economics. A fairly Insights Team—unoffi cially described strategies are more eff ective than recent off shoot of the dismal science, as the Nudge Unit) and the USA (where others, and Zoe Chance and colleagues Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016 behavioural economics aims to take Sunstein spent time in the Obama and Brian Wansink off er frameworks for Published Online the coldly rational decision makers who administration’s Offi ce of Information designing environments (eg, in schools May 4, 2016 normally populate economic theories, and Regulatory Aff airs). -
The Need for Open-Access, Structured Data in Clinical Brain Research
Bunevicius A. Biomed Data J. 2015;1(1): 27-32 http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/bmdj.01104 ISSN 2367-5322 datajournals.eu: The European Open Data portal Policy Paper The Need for Open-access, Structured Data in Clinical Brain Research Adomas Bunevicius Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania http://lsmuni.lt/en/structure/medical-academy-/neuroscience-institute/ ARTICLE INFO : A B S T R A C T RECEIVED: 22 Sep 2014 Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered major public health prob- REVISED: 02 Nov 2014 lems associated with a significant number of suffering patients and an enormous ACCEPTED: 14 Nov 2014 socioeconomic burden to societies. Therefore, significant research funds have ONLINE: 04 Jan 2015 been allocated towards improving outcomes of patients suffering from brain disorders. In recent years, researchers have been facing a constantly growing worldwide pressure to make their datasets freely and readily available to other K E Y W O R D S: researchers and the public. The major goal of this movement is to allow re-use of already collected data in order to facilitate medical progress. There are numer- Open Access ous ways that clinical neuroscience researchers and research organizations Dataset commonly employ to make their databases available. Institutional databases and Brain Diseases publicly available research and clinical data repositories and registries are the Disease Models most common ways to share data among researchers and organizations in order Data Sharing to facilitate collaboration. In addition, numerous traditional neuroscience peer reviewed journals have implemented various data sharing policies. Furthermore, a few traditional clinical neuroscience peer review journals have recently started accepting dataset papers. -
Brain and Cognition
BRAIN AND COGNITION AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX . • Description p.1 • Impact Factor p.1 • Abstracting and Indexing p.2 • Editorial Board p.2 • Guide for Authors p.3 ISSN: 0278-2626 DESCRIPTION . Brain and Cognition is a forum for the integration of the neurosciences and cognitive sciences. B&C publishes peer-reviewed research articles, theoretical papers, case histories that address important theoretical issues, and historical articles into the interaction between cognitive function and brain processes. The focus is on rigorous studies of an empirical or theoretical nature and which make an original contribution to our knowledge about the involvement of the nervous system in cognition. Coverage includes, but is not limited to memory, learning, emotion, perception, movement, music or praxis in relationship to brain structure or function. Published articles will typically address issues relating some aspect of cognitive function to its neurological substrates with clear theoretical import, formulating new hypotheses or refuting previously established hypotheses. Clinical papers are welcome if they raise issues of theoretical importance or concern and shed light on the interaction between brain function and cognitive function. We welcome review articles that clearly contribute a new perspective or integration, beyond summarizing the literature in the field; authors of review articles should make explicit where the contribution lies. We also welcome proposals for special issues on aspects of the relation between cognition and the structure and function of the nervous system. Such proposals can be made directly to the Editor-in-Chief from individuals interested in being guest editors for such collections. Benefits to authors We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. -
An Overview of the Behavioural Sciences (Soman, 2014)
COPY FOR USE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PPOCIR PARTNERSHIP WORKSHOP – 5 DECEMBER 2014 AN OVERVIEW OF THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES 30 March 2014 Prepared by Dilip Soman for Office of Consumer Affairs | Bureau de la consommation Industry Canada | Industrie Canada 235 Queen Street, Ottawa ON K1A 0H5 | 235, rue Queen, Ottawa ON K1A 0H5 Correspondence: Professor Dilip Soman Rotman School of Management University of Toronto 105 St. George Street Toronto, ON M5S 3E6 [email protected] Dilip Soman | ROTMAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 0 COPY FOR USE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PPOCIR PARTNERSHIP WORKSHOP – 5 DECEMBER 2014 Table of Contents AN OVERVIEW OF THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES 1. THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 A Brief History: ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Approach 2: The cognitive approach. ............................................................................................. 4 1.4 Approach 3: The social psychology approach. ............................................................................... 5 1.5 Approach 4: Transformative Consumer Research and Choice Architecture.................................. 6 1.6 The Methods of the Behavioural Scientist ....................................................................................... 7 2. KEY ISSUES IN THE FIELD AND EMPIRICAL GENERALIZATIONS ........................... 8 2.1