718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967

EXTENSIONS OF REMA·RKS

Ethics in the U.S. Congress authorizing the joint committee to Hon. John W. McCormack, Speaker, render advisory opinions on possible con­ Nominated by Representative Philip J. EXTENSION OF REMARKS flicts of interest or a future course of OF conduct contemplated by a Member of Philbin Congress. The opinions would be HON. HERBERT TENZER . rendered without identifying the parties EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF NEW YORK involved and would serve to establish OF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES precedents for the guidance of all Mem­ bers. This practice is followed by our Tuesday, January 17, 1967 HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE bar associations and has proved invalu­ OF MASSACHUSETTS Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, I have able to members of the legal profession. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES today introduced a bill to establish a The committee would be expected to permanent Joint Committee on Ethics research and compile all precedents since Tuesday, January 17. 1967 for the guidance of Members and em­ the first Congress and to review, revise Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, a week ployees of the legislative branch. and supplement these precedents and to ago Monday, in the House Democratic On February 4, 1966, I addressed the write a new set of rules and regulations caucus held on that morning of January New York University Alumni of the New for the conduct of congressional offices 9, the distinguished gentleman from the York State Bar Association on the subject and for the conduct of Members of Con­ Third Massachusetts Congressional Dis­ of ethics in the U.S. Congress. At that gress. trict nominated, for the continuing time I described the dimculties which I I urge my colleagues in the House to speakership of this House, our beloved had in obtaining guidance and advice in support and actively work for an ethics and revered colleague from Mas­ connection with separating myself from bill which will remove the cloud which sachusetts, the Honorable JoHN w. business activities upon my election to has been cast over this distinguished McCoRMACK. the House of Representatives. I was Chamber. We have a constitutional re­ In his nominating speech Representa­ astonished to learn that there was no sponsibility to police ourselves and we tive PHILBIN delivered one of the most one to whom I could turn for ofilcial have a moral responsibility to set an ex­ eloquent and well-merited tributes ever guidance. There were no clear rules ample for the American public. There uttered on such an occasion and it was a for the proper conduct of a Member nor are only 537 elected Federal ofilcials and privileged experience, for those of us on was there a readily available definition every one must follow a course of con­ t~is side of the aisle, to hear this impres­ of "conflict of interest." duct which is beyond reproach. Slve address. Of course, the nomination On March 29, 1966, I introduced H.R. The time is right to follow the course was unanimously approved and on the 14091 to establish a Joint Committee on set forth in Lamentations 3: 40: "Let us following day the Honorable JOHN W. Ethics. It is that legislation which I examine our ways and search them." If McCoRMACK, of Massachusetts, was have sponsored again today. we act now the public will have its con­ formally and very wisely renominated to Recent events at the opening session fidence renewed in the activties of their preside over this great legislative body as of the 90th Congress point up the need Representatives in the U.S. Congress. Speaker. for a meaningful ethics bill, one which I am sure that all of us here on both would eliminate any accusation of a sides of the aisle, agree with a~d share "double standard" in the present wholly Fino Reintl'oduces Bill To Amend Civil in the sentiments so ably expressed by inadequate procedures of the House of the gentleman from Massachusetts, Con­ Representatives. There should not be a Rights Law To Curb Riots gressman PHILBIN, as he summarized the double standard of ethics among Mem­ tremendous public service record of our bers of Congress. I would expect any EXTENSION OF REMARKS revered Speaker and reviewed the re­ Member who has evidence that the U.S. OF markable talents of his great mind and Government has been bilked by a citi­ compassionate heart, which have en­ zen, be he a private citizen or a holder HON. PAUL A. FINO deared him to all who have ever served of public omce, to present such evidence OF NBW YORK with him and which assure that the to the appropriate authority. And if it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES name of Speaker McCoRMACK will be forever an inspiring byWord in the legis­ involved a Member of Congress to which Tuesday, January 17, 1967 committee would such a complaint be re­ lative history of this Nation. ferred? At the moment there is no such Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today, I in­ A great many Members, on both sides committee which points up the need. troduced legislation to amend the civil of the aisle here, asked me to intercede The bill which I have introduced to­ rights law to "prohibit travel or use of with my dear and esteemed friend and day differs from most ethics bills pre­ any facility in interstate commerce with colleague from the Third Massachusetts viously introduced in three major re­ intent to incite a riot or other civil dis­ District for the purpose of having his spects: turbance." eloquent address included in the per­ First, the joint committee, composed Before summer comes once again, and manent RECORD. He graciously con­ of seven Senators and seven House Mem­ riots break out all across the land, Con­ sented to permit me to introduce it into bers, would be permanent, not merely an gress ought to pass a law making it a the RECORD and Congressman PHILBIN'S interim committee authorized to draft Federal crime to go between States to nomination speech follows: a proposed code of ethics and then cease incite riots. We ought to lay down the Mr. Ohairman and friends, it 1s a great law to the agitators. honor, privilege and pleasure for me this to function. The committee would con­ morning to nominate the Democratic can­ tinue for the purpose of investigating I am therefore introducing the anti­ riot section of the 1966 civil rights bill didate for Speaker for the 90th Congress. complaints, recommending changes in I am sure tha.t no words of mine would the code of ethics, and acting as an ad­ as a separate bill. I hope that Congress will pass it. It is high time we put the be adequate to portray or to describe the visory body to Members and employees strong arm of the Federal Government tremendous public record of the great Amer­ of the legislative branch. ican I 8.Ill so honored and pleased to nomi­ to work repressing instead of inciting Second, the bill requires the disclosure nate. riots. I hope that the 1966 elections Speaker McCormack is universally known of any and all financial inte~rect have convinced this administration that as one of the greatest Americans who has or indirect--in activities under the juris­ it is not good politics for high ofilcials ever served 1n the Congress. To talk of his diction of a regulatory agency. Most like our Vice President to urge people splendid personal qualities and his achieve­ other bills on this subject require only to riot for political goals--rent subsidies, ments to those who are so fam.lliar with the reporting of financial interests in for example. The people of the United them as you, would be somewhat of a fu­ excess of a given figure such as $10,000. States want antiriot legislation enacted. t111ty, and of course, it 1s completely un­ Third, the bill establishes a guidance necessary. They have made their voice heard-and John McCormack is a man of great, hu­ and advisory opinion procedure by heard clearly. mane sens1b111ties ·and a fine splrlt of loyalty January 17, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 719 tba.t dominates his character and the very I want to discuss with you this evening than less, difficult for individuals to break essence of his being. a topic that was close to the heart of Herbert out of the pattern and enter into the main­ His greatness as a public servant; his es­ Lehman, the battle for civil rights, and par­ stream of American life. sential goodness as a hum.an being; his ticularly recent trends in the course of the Faced with such conditions, Negro leader­ amiable personal qualities; the loyalty of his bat-tle which are profoundly disturbing. ship obviously felt compelled to try to speed friendship; the sweep and import of his By way of background, let me first of all the process of change. They wanted new great accomplishments; his unselfish labors say a few words about the Negro in pre­ tools to attack the poverty cycle. But 1n and achievements for the nation, the world dominantly White America. their effort to accelerate the process of and the American people, comprise a glorious In a sense, it seexns truly incredible today, change, the Negro leadership found itself chapter in the history of this government. not that Negro demands for equal rights in direct conftict with much of the white The magnificent distinction, fairness and should be so vigorous, but that the Negro community. The demand for school and impartiality with which he has conducted colnmunity had accepted second-class citi­ housing integration and for entrance into the affairs of this House-his dignity, the zenship for so long. The paradox of Ameri­ closed unions met serious resistance, es­ broadness of his vision, the generosity of his can life has been that while we have been one . pecially because many northern whites were impulse, and the kindness and compassion of civilization's few "open societies", we have able to separate off in their minds the prob­ he has shown in the discharge of his weighty managed to remain largely oblivious to the lem of segregation in the south from dis­ responsibilities, are known to us and recog­ condition of Negro Americans. crimination in the north. To many whites, nized by the people. The myth of American society proclaims the northern Negro community projects an Master of parliamentary law. skllled in this to be a land where all men have rights image of crime and violence, widespread nar­ legislative accomplishment, resolute and and privileges equal before the law, and cotics usage, families on welfare, irre­ tenacious in seeking his goals, our esteemed where all have an equal opportunity to rise sponsible men, unwed mothers. And this and beloved Speaker is an inspired and re­ within the society. This American Dream kind of image, plus long inherited prejudices, sourceful champion and fighter for the was an inspiration to immigrants struggling created a new and fierce resistance to the things in which he believes, willing at all to reach a new oountry and then to survive, efforts of civil rights groups to speed integra­ times to give unselfishly of himself to pro­ and generations watched paupers become tion. mote human betterment, to broaden the millionaires and sons of immigrants rise to This was bad enough, but the resistance horizons of freedom and hasten the cherished become President. might have been overcome by good will and reality of universal peace and a world gov­ But while this myth-which is part social wisdom on the part of the Negro community erned by the rule of law. justice, part freedom-became more and and their white allies. Illustrious son of our great Bay State of more real for growing numbers in the white The tragedy was that, when the call for Massachusetts, unalterably committed to the majority, it almost never included the "freedom now" became "black power" and free way of life for this nation and the world, Negro-neither in the minds of the whites when orderly demonstrations gave way to our beloved and great leader moves unfalter­ nor in the minds of the Negroes. anti-social acts and lawlessness, the oppo­ ingly with greatest skill, ability and deter­ Even today, when the question of equal nents of Negro rights were given new en­ mination to carry out the vital missions of rights has been under constant discussion couragement and support. highest responsibility that are entrusted to for over a decade, most Americans have no To already prejudiced and frightened him. real idea of the problems facing the minority whites, the Negro then became not so much Endowed with great mind, a great heart, communities. There have been moments, mistreated, as the destroyer. The stereo­ and great spirit, John McCormack ranks particularly during 1963, 1964 and 1965, when type of the ghetto was reinforced: "the Ne­ with the greatest leaders of our national his­ examples of brutality in the South, especially gro has no concept of law and order; he is tory, and it is indeed with esteem, with af­ to children, gave many Americans a fieeting violent; he is a danger to the rest of so­ fection and with a very high sense of pride glance at symptoms of the intolerable condi­ ciety." and honor that I am privileged to place in tion. But the depth and complexity of the The simultaneous emergence of lawlessness nomination as Democratic Speaker of the problem oould not be shown in a one-minute as a pattern of protest and o:f war-cries that House the name of a very great American, a newsreel clip. That the "Society of the sounded like black racism accelerated the most courageous leader, our beloved, dis­ Poor" is a cancer that can undermine the en­ reaction against civil rights activity in the tinguished Speaker and friend, the Honor­ tire socdety unless treated and cured, is a white community. able John W. McCormack. concept that has not been accepted by the As a result, we are in the midst of a new American public. and destr.uctive cycle: the white commu­ The height of white support for civil rights nity is reluctant to support new efforts in appears to have oome during the fight for the the civil rights field. This results in Negro Violence in the Streets: Civil Rights Bill of 1964 and the Voting leadership taking to "direct action" again, Rights Bill of 1965. Most northern and which in turn hardens white resistance. Challenge to Democracy western legislators and even some from the Both communities believe they are de­ south, felt that they had strong support in manding justice. For the ghetto, justice their constituencies for such measures. The implies full social justice, the right to par­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS nation's imagination had been caught by ticipate and share in the :fruits o:f the broad­ OF such events as the enormously dignified er society-without delay, without further March on Washington and the story of Selma. litigation, without more legislation. To the HON. EMANUEL CELLER For the Negro, however. voting rights and white community, justice has come to mean, OF NEW YORK elementary legal protection were only a be­ more and more, law and order and security. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ginning. What was presented to the White Both concepts o:f justice are of course com­ Majority as a culmination of the civil rights patible-until the debate moves from the Tuesday, January 17, 1967 effort, only marked a shift in battlefields courts and legislative halls into the streets. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, under for the Negro. Victortes in the courtroom For, as the vast majority of Americans firmly leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ and legislative chamber led to a new im­ believe, street riots and action tending to­ patience for equal opportunities all along the ward anarchy undermine the very structure ORD, I am pleased to include a speech line, and new spokesmen for Negro rights of democracy. given by my esteemed colleague, the emerged to exacerbate that impatience and This, then, is the tragedy of the civil rights Honorable JoNATHAN B. BINGHAM, of New ride it to personal prominence. movement at this time. Driven by incredible York. The statement, which follows, was Arguing that traditional methods were too pressures from below, many of the new Negro delivered at Columbia University, Jan­ slow, and existing and proposed programs leaders have chosen a course that is not only uary 6, 1967, on the occasion of the :first insignificant or even fraudulent, these ineffectual, but positively harmful to their annual dinner of the New York State spokesmen urged direct action to break down objectives. Board of Regents for Herbert H. Leh­ the barriers of the ghetto, to change the The impression is inescapable that some o:f man fellows in the social sciences and educational system, to re-do housing pat­ these leaders actually welcome the worsen­ terns, to increase job opportunities--in fact ing situation. They seem to want to prove public and international affairs. to change the shape of urban life. that our society is rotten and is incapable VIOLENCE IN THE STREETS; And the field was wide open-the ground of providing equal rights :for all. So when CHALLENGE TO DEMOCRACY fertile-for this fierce approach for, :from the achievement is within their grasp they spurn Mr. Chairman, Mrs. Lehman, distinguished point of view of the Negro community, previ­ i.t as insufficient. As has been well said, "they guests, Lehman Fellows, and friends, it is ous efforts had not even begun to scratch will not take yes for an answer." indeed an honor to have been asked to ad­ the surface of the problem. In the light of the record, one can under­ dress this first Dinner for the Herbert H. Whether we speak of the "other America" stand their mistrust of our system of govern­ Lehman Graduate Fellows. or the "underclass" in American society, each ment. But what they are ignoring is the First of all, I should like to congratulate passing year intensifies the problexns of mi­ truth of Winston Churchill's remark "democ­ you who are the first Fellows, as well as those nority groups buried in our urban slums. _racy is the worst form of government except who had a hand in giving reality to this Poverty beoomes frozen into the way of life all those other forxns that have been tried splendid program, which is such a suitable of ghetto America. Hopelessness, bitterness, from time to time." memorial to a man who was to universally disease and crime become the norm, even Do the advocates of Black Power really and so deservedly loved and admired. for the young, and it becomes more, rather think that a minority will do better under 720 CONGRESSIONAL .. RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 ' some other system, under a system where course, the right-wing and conservative butions that have been made by our late power is the only language? (James groups throughout the country who have beloved colleague from Rhode Island Mr. Madison had something to say, you will re­ been campaigning for years against the civil call, on the ,natural tendency of majorities rights movement. Fogarty and his name and his great con­ to oppress minorities. As he pointed o;ut, Against· the demands for freedom to move tributions are so well known by people in our system, with its separation of powers and into new spheres of employment, housing, the fields of health and education federal character, was well designed to pre­ education, the right wing promises freedom throughout the United States that any vent the majority from coalescing and thus to reject, freedom, in' Thomas Mann's phrase, further recital of these great contribu­ realizing its full potentiality of power.) "to be with one's owrt." We dare not under­ tions would be redundant. His great Do those who advocate direct action, estimate the strength this appeal can have, renown in these fields never changed regardless of what the law is, really want a particularly if recurrent violence provides situation where the laws are disregarded by a convenient excuse, a handy rationale. him from being a most conscientious and all? If so, what happens to the principle It is not' fantasy to warn that frustration humble person never willing to rest upon that Brown vs. The Boa1·d of Education is the ·and fear can be mob111zed by evil forces in his morals and reputation for deeds in law of the land and must be obeyed? After an effort to gain power. It is particularly the past and always eager to plow ahead all, the main hope for justice and equal not fantastic when one looks at the growing to met new goals. His passing is a great rights lies in the idea that ours is a govern­ conservative vote, the growing number of loss to our Nation and I join with my ment of laws, not of men. conservative candidates, the growing respect­ colleagues with heartfelt sympathy to (I am not saying, of course, that there is ab111ty of anti-civil Hbertarian groups, and no place for civil disobedience in the fight the growing financing that is available to his family. May his good soul rest in for civil rights. Obviously, many of the most them. peace. important court rulings in recent years have One of the tragic ironies in the situation come about because some one had the is that the use of extra-legal methods by courage to act in defiance of a local law that those who struggle for Negro rights is sure Passaic History was in itself discriminatory and therefore to strengthen the hand of those very right­ unconstitutional. But there is all the dif­ wing fanatics who itch to use the same ference in the world between those who ad­ techniques to frustrate the struggle. EXTENSION OF REMARKS vocate disregard, say, of a local police ruling Obviously, I am not calling for any relaxa­ OF that infringes the right of free assembly, tion, any slow-down, in the struggle to wipe and those who seek to organize, say, a "stall­ out the ghetto. On the contrary, the very HON. CHARLES S. JOELSON in" on expressways at the rush hour.) dangers I point to, the very fact that we may OF NEW JERSEY And a third question is: Do the Negroes be heading into an era of terrible and wide­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who want no part of their white liberal spread violence by extremists on both sides, allies ("liberal" has ·become a dirty word ln makes it aU the more imperative that we re­ Tuesday, January 17, 1967 some quarters) really think they will do bet­ double our efforts to promote equal rights Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, members ter on their own? and opportunities. And these efforts cannot Obviously what progress we have made in wait until peace comes in Vietnam. The of the Passaic County Historical Society recent years has been brought about by ac­ time for more vigorous action is now. made the suggestion of including the his­ tion of whites as well as Negroes. But answers to the problems of the ghettos tory of the lower part of Passaic County It was joint action that enabled the Con­ will not come quickly ' or easily . . And they which until 1a37 had been part of Essex gress not only to pass the various civil rights cannot come at all unless we can keep before County, the upper county until that time bills, but to establish and fund the war-on­ the majority of Americans the simple fact being part of Sussex and Bergen Coun­ poverty program two years ago. ' Limited as I mentioned before: That' the interests of ties. The lower part was settled earlier this program was, it was a step in the right the poor are the interests of the nation as direction . . And it contained tools that could a. whole. and has unusual historical and commer­ be broadened and expanded. Its commit­ As a Congressman I shall try to encourage cial history of its own, particularly Ac­ ment to job retraining and development of my colleagues and the Adm1nistra tion to ex­ quackanonk Landing, now part of the leadership and opportunity in the ghettos pand our programs in the cities and the city of Passaic, which was the largest was constructive. So was the idea of pro­ ghettos-rather than to cut back in the name shipping port of North Jersey, being the grams which bypass the traditional bureau­ of false economy. But those of us who will uppermost point of navigation and at cratic channels and which bring the govern­ be calling for greater efforts, greater courage, important crossroads, with at one time ment into the ghetto and the ghetto into greater imagination, cannot hope to succeed the only bridge over the entire length of the government. if the public turns against the struggle. Fortunately, there are many prominent Many of us are willing to accept the chal­ the Passaic River. Much credit is due Negro leaders-probably a majority-who lenge of securing the "Blessings of Liberty James J. De Mario of Passaic, who helped would basically agree with what I have been to ourselves and" to all of our posterity, but prepare this history, as well as to the saying, who fully understand the wisdom­ we face defeat if the techniques of protest Passaic County Historical Society of indeed the necessity-of joint action with are self-defeating. which he is a member. like-minded whites. But one senses that "Justice is the end of government," Madi­ GEORGE WASHINGTON SAVED they are beleaguered by the extremists, that son said in the Federalist Papers. "It is the they find it difficult to hold on to their end of Civil Society. It ever has been and And what is most important is that leadership in the face of those who promise ever will be pursued until it be obtained, or George Washington was saved with his "action now". The very fact that the until liberty be lost in the pursuit." army at this same point on his retreat N.A.A.C.P. and the Urban League receive If we are to be successful in achieving true from Fort Lee. Capt. John Post, a local heavy financial support from white-run justice for all, while at the same time guard­ foundations-desirable as that financial sup­ man in his army, destroyed the former ing against the erosion of liberty, white and bridge, cutting off the pursuing British. port is-w1ll no doubt be used as ammuni­ black leadership must work together, func­ tion by the demagogic critics of these orga­ tioning as part of the single society we 11 ve If Washington had been caught, we nizations. ln. We must reverse the trend encouraged would have lost our independence. This As the cries for "Black Power" multiply, by segments of the leadership in both com­ spot has historical markers, but it would as extra-legal activity mounts, the ab111ty of munities. We must reject the notion that seem the enormity of the event merits most Congressmen to focus on the real prob­ white and black are hostile antagonists more. Then,· Washington and his men lems-poverty, injustice, and their effects­ thrown into the arena to do battle for the camped up the hill in the churchyards. diminishes. When forced to choose between fruits of society. social justice and law and order most con­ After that the armies made use of sev­ stituents wm choose law and order. In this eral fords, in particular, one at Dela­ kind of an atmosphere, the dialogue between wanna and one at Robertsford, both in an elected representative and his constitu­ the Passaic area. Later, during one year, ents-a dialogue in which he tries to explain Tribute to John E. Fogarty all the famous officers of the American why he votes their tax moneys for projects Army were within the borders of Saddle that may or may not succeed, why he sup­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS River Township across the river from ports programs specifically designed to help OF the poor, why the interests of the poor are Acquackanonk. ln fact the interests of the nation as a HON. NEAL SMITH FIRST CHURCH-FIRST CEMETERY whole-this dialogue is choked off. OF IOWA At this same spot, known as Acquacka­ To this unfortunate picture I must add IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nonk Landing, there is the first church yet another unhappy dimension. As the re­ in Passaic County with the first ceme­ action to violent demonstrations and extra­ Tuesday, January 17, 1967 legal action intensifies, those who promise tery and burtals of first settlers. Here to restore peace and order by whatever Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, also 200 or 300 feet away was the county's means are necessary will .play a growing role those who have previously spoken have first distrtct school used for nearly 200 on the American political scene. I mean, of so eloquently described the great contri- years until 1870, probably longer than january- 17, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 72'1 any other; also the first store, first tav­ stopped at and went through Acquack­ from the Passaic River at Passaic to ern in the county, and the first Sunday anonk Landing where there were tav­ Paterson, but this plan was never ful­ school in the State. More about this erns, small hotels, or rooming houses. filled. remarkable area follows to satisfy the THE RAILROAD ERA The flow of this canal starts at a high desires of members representing pioneer With the railroad era starting· in the dam forming Dundee Lake in Clifton and fa.Iriilies and newer ones in my' elective 1830's, the commercial business at en:ds at South Street in the Dundee sec­ territory. Acquackanonk Landing dropped a way as tion of Passaic where it drops back again FmST SETTLER-FmST LAND PURCHASE IN NORTH the stagecoaches and boats were being into the Passaic River, providing water JERSEY forced to discontinue, although Acquack­ and power to the new plants which were Due to the area being so full of early anonk Township continued as a peace­ built along the canal. The first plant to settler and Revolutionary history, I am ful and rich farming community as it be built was the Star Foundry & Ma­ proud to give herein some brief high­ did for nearly 150 years, the farms being chine Co., 1859, and others following lights on both, plus its most unusual in­ the finest in the State and owners were we:e: New York Steam Engine Co., 1869; dustrial and commercial development. rich men. But pleasure boating, regatas, Reid & Barry, 1869; Waterhouse Bros.; Being at the head of river navigation sur­ and excursions increased and the Pas­ textiles, 1870; New York Belting & Pack­ rounded with forested rolling hills for saic River became one of the East's lead­ ing Co., 18_82, in Connecticut, 1846, now hunting, fishing, and farming, it was ing boating playgrounds. part of United States Rubber; Jacob L. Basch, textile; Am~idown Bros., textile; quickly inhabited by the early Dutch The Paterson & Hudson River Rail traders, farmers, and explorers from New Road was organized in 1831. The big Okonite C.o., 1878; Dundee Textile Co.· Amsterdam and Communipaw-now Jer­ wagons that had brought to this dock­ Clifton Paper Mills; Andrew McLean Co.: sey City--seeking to extend their fur age area iron ores, lumber, and timber netting; Botany Worsted Mills, 1890; trading or finding better farmlands. One from upstate ceased their trips and busi­ Passaic Print Works, Manhattan Print of these was Hartman Michielse-or ness dropped. It was one of the first Works, Pantasote Leather Co., Forst­ Vreeland-who is believed to have been railroads in the .country, and operated mann & Huffman Co., worsted, and oth­ the first white man to have set foot upon, at first between Passaic and Paterson, ers. Some of these are no longer in purchased land, and settled in what is but horse drawn at first until the steam existance and some have merged with now known as the city of Passaic, form­ engine arrived from England. People others and changed names. erly Acquackanonk. He found a well­ far and wide heard of this new train OTHER OLD AND NEW PLANTS NOT ON CANAL organized and established Algonquin and were curious to see this new meth­ There were other plants built that did Tribe Indian village at what is now Pas­ od of traveling. The first day was a not need canal facilities, some built about saic's Wall Street across from what was great success, · being witnessed by· great the same time and some later, some hav­ known as Dundee Island. But they were crowds, some coming from as far away ing ceased operating or changed names. not living in transitory wigwams but in as Sussex. Enterprising Yankees of Some of these are: Acheson Harden Co., cabins made of timbers covered with Newark did a profitable business con­ J. L. Ptescott Co., Waldrich Bleachery, grass. An old Indian suggested that veying parties by boat to Paterson over Paterson Parchment Paper Co., the Michielse set up a trading post on the the Morris Canal, and there board the Manhattan Rubber Manufacturing Co., island, which he did immediately after train to Passaic for their first train ride, Gera Mi.lls, wool; New Jersey Worsted getting the deed April 4, 1678, the first even if horse-driven, and many had to Spinning Co., Heyden Chemical Co., Rob­ building by a white man in the Passaic sit on the coach roofs. At the peak of ins Conveying Belt Co., Brighton Mills City area. Evidence of Indian fishing the railroad era, there were four steam tire duck; Robertsford Spinning Co.: activity can be seen today from several railroads serving Passaic. Years later, later Samuel Hird, wool; Magor Car Co., V-shape rows of large stones across the the State's first trolley car line was oper­ Algonquin Mills, textile; Pitkin-Holds­ river. ating within the Passaic limits. W?rth, textile; Passaic Cotton Mills, BEGINNING OF ACQUACKANONK LANDING DUNDEE CANAL AND BEGINNING OF GREAT Richardson Scale Co., Garfield Worsted Early settlers after taming wild In­ INDUSTRIAL ERA Mills, Hammersley Paper Co., first wa­ dians and wilderness turned to com­ The business stagnation at Acquacka­ terproof; Falstrom Co., Givaudan Corp., merce by harnessing water in the many nonk Landing was more than offset a Passaic Metalware Co., now part of Con­ streams to power many lumber and grist few years later with benefits to the en­ tinental Can; Athenia Steel Co., Stand­ mills and for shipping. Then, several tire Passaic area when the Dundee Dam ard Bleachery, Goodlatte Oilcloth Co., paper mills were established sometime was constructed to provide water and Standard Oilcloth Co. There were many after, one about 1810 was the Whiting water power for new industries which others, large and small among old and Paper Co.--still in existence-where with the railroads brought about the newer plants, but these indicate the Melville Curtis, father of the owners of greatest industrial expansion in Passaic's spread of industry. Here are some of Saturday Evening Post and Ladies' Home history. Lush farmland was turned over the most prominent among the new in Journal, made paper, and another was to industry and workers' houses, and the Passaic area, indicating a further the Kingsland Papermill, both in Dela­ rural water-powered saw and grist mills spread in variety but mostly results of wanna. gave way to larger operating units, with newer technology: DuMont-Fairchild, industries and population spilling over Wright Aero Division, Shulton, Hoff­ RIVER BOAT, STAGECOACH, CANAL, BARGE, mann-La Roche, ITT Federal Labora­ RAILROAD, TRANSFER POINT into Clifton, Wallington, and Garfield, earning for Passaic and its environs at tories, Garden State Paper Co., Revlon, Here is where the Passaic riverfront, Weston Biscuit. known as Acquackanonk Landing, be­ one time "the most progressive, energetic came famous as the largest shipping and pushing community in the country." DIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY port in North Jersey for farm, forest, NEW INDUSTRIES ON DUNDEE CANAL The names above indicate the diversity and mine products, and later for The railroad brought in a different of industry in this area, some being the Alexander Hamilton's "Paterson-made kind of business and shifted the com­ largest in their fields. Some of the older goods" wagonned to Passaic for shipping. mercial center from Acquackanonk plants are out of existence or are under Incidentally, Passaic came within the Landing inland away from ·the water­ new managements. The country's larg­ 36-square-mile area set up by Hamil­ front and increased travel. But the real est concentration of perfume makers is ton's Society of Useful Manufacturers­ stimulus started with the completion of in this area. The Botany and Forst­ SUM. Here was also the first and only the Dundee Canal and Dam in 1859 mann plants were the country's largest bridge over the river and the junction which was begun by the Dundee Man­ makers of their respective types of wool of several turnpikes, some toll, the Plank ufacturing .Co., owned by SUM and cloth. Brighton Mills at one time was the largest manufacturer of duck for Road to New York, Hamburg Turnpike, mother of Passaic's industries established high pressure tires and Acheson Harden roads to Hackensack, Little Falls, and to in 1832, and later through the efforts of was the world's largest handkerchief the papermills in Delawanna. This was Edward J. C. Atterbury. A special act maker. The Manhattan Rubber Division also the stage coach days. Then came passed February 12, 1858, by the New is one of the largest manufacturers of the Morris Canal· which skirted Passaic­ Jersey Legislature authorized the build­ industrial rubber products and the larg­ and permitted more commerce with ing of Dundee Canal and Dam with lQCks, est makers of rubber-bonded abrasive other areas. Merchar{ts and travelers and so forth to provide a navigation link wheels and one of the largest makers of 722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 17, 1967 bowling balls. The Passaic area is one of other household products and are now above, Cheever also founded the New the country's l~rgest rubber manufactur­ one of the largest. They started in York Belting & Package Co., which was ing centers. The crushing panics of 1873, Maine in 1870 and are still a family­ organized in 1846. While Cheever was 1893, 1929, with competition and tariffs owned company with a fifth-generation with Roxbury, the prior company, have taken a heavy toll of some of the f·amily president, an industrial marvel in Charles Goodyear was working at times older companies. This ·area has almost cooperation and resourcefulness. With at this plant on his vulcanization discov­ lost its wool, cotton, bleachery, and hand­ the recent development of plastic liquid ery, and at times Cheever was of some as­ kerchief business. containers, they now also make their sistance. PLANT OWNERSHIPS own and for other companies using plas­ Both the Passaic plant of United States Idle plants have been saved due to the tic bottles. With the advent of the auto­ Rubber Co., and the Manhattan Rubber continual growth of industry here. mobile, Prescott also designed and pro­ Division of Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc., Most of the plants idled by declining use duced the Prescott Steamer, making are leaders in industrial rubber products of their products or plant transfer have about 700 of them, which at the turn of and both have developed products in­ been filled with numerous small space the century was good production. For a dispensable to industry today. operators or by other single manufac­ while it seemed that Passaic would be a MORE ABOUT PASSAIC'S RUBBER FAMILIES-NEW turers. For instance, the Star Foundry "Detroit" as about the same time J. P. YORK TELEPHONE CO. & Machine Co. plant was taken over by Lange, inventor and chief engineer for The father of F. C. Jones above accom­ the New York Steam Engine Co., and Botany Worsted Mills, was producing panied Commodore Perry in opening when that company failed, the plant was some radical designs of experimental commerce with Japan, and his grand­ taken over by the New York Belting & "horseless buggies" starting in 1899. The father was Commodore Jacob Jones, hero Packing Co. as an annex plant to its Pantasote Leather Co., which originally of the Wasp victory over the British main one then at Sandy Hook, Conn., made a patented leatherlike carriage frigate Frolic in the War of 1812. He the annex later becoming the main plant. cloth switched into vinyl film and other was also a cousin of Alfred I. du Pont The Forstmann plant was sold to J. P . recent plastics and doing very well. The and of Commodore A. Henderson. Mr. Stevens, and Okonite, a progressive and F'alstrom Co. went from sheet metal Jones had also been president of both going company, was purchased by Ling­ cornices and ceilings to sophisticated Manhattan and Okonite. Col. Arthur Temco vought as an active acquisition. control and computer cubicles. The Gar­ Farragut Townsend was godson of Ad­ The Okonite plant was built on the un­ den State Paper Co. is the country's first miral Farragut and had also been presi­ finished foundations of a then-new rub­ reoonditioner of newsprint paper. The dent of Manhattan and Chairman of ber company plant to be known as the several rubber companies in this area Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. New York & Boston Rubber Co. to con­ have switched from natural rubber to Charles A. Cheever was a son of J. H. solidate the plants of the newly merged synthetic rubberlike polymers and to Cheever and a remarkable man. He was New York Belting & Packing Co. of Pas­ various types of plastics to reach more crippled and had to be carried around, saic and Sandy Hook, Conn., and the markets, produce improved products, or but he was first president of Okonite. Boston Belting Co. of Boston, both to reduce costs. Some of the essential oil With Capt. Williard L. Candee he Goodyear licensees, but the plan was manufacturers have entered the new and founded the New York Telephone Co., dropped due to the severe depression more profitable vitamin field. It was un­ forerunner of American Telephone & that followed. Later, the Okonite Co. fortunate that the great woolen mills Telegraph of which it is said he gained took over the once-idled adjacent Wa­ here did not operate long enough to take control later through his brilliance and advantage of the newer wool like syn­ keen financial ability. terhouse Bros. plant. A number of thetic fibers. other plants mentioned in paragraphs FIRST RUBBER PLANTATION PASSAIC AREA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS above have merged or had been acquired Passaic also had an important part in by other companies. Manhattan Rub­ Besides manufacturing, this area had an outstanding agricultural reputation. helping to obtain an independent source ber took over the adjacent plant of the of crude rubber for this country to avoid Brighton Mills which had moved south. Alfred Speer had extensive vineyards in Passaic and Athenia, produced much of foreign price manipulations which in In it were several lessees, including De­ 1910 forced the price of crude rubber Forest Radio where television was born. the best native wines and sherries in this to $3 a pound; today it is around 25 cents. INDUSTRIES CENTERED HERE country. He also named Passaic which was previously known as Acquackanonk, The Manhattan Rubber Manufacturing From all the companies listed above, and published Passaic's first newspaper. Co. twice undertook growing its own crude rubber in tropical countries, and it is evident that the Passaic area ex­ In Oarlton Hill and Richfield, Bobbink ceeded at some time in the production of & Atkins had the country's largest rose both times as the first American rubber wool spinning and weaving, in industrial nurseries. Richfield also at one time manufacturer to grow its own crude rub­ rubber products, textile finishing, hand­ supplied the Nation with horseradish. ber. The first time in 1898 jointly with kerchiefs, stove polish, and bleach and other financial interests established a other household products, oilcloth, wa­ ABOUT THE PASSAIC RUBBER INDUSTRY rubber plantation in Nicaragua with suc­ terproof paper, types of grinding wheels, REMARKABLE RUBBER FAMILIES, FIRST PLANTA• cess, but English and Dutch growers were submarine electric cables, netting, drugs TION, WELLESLEY COLLEGE, FIRST YWCA planting immense acreages of rubber and cosmetics, and particularly convey­ The Okonite and Manhattan Rubber trees in their Far East colonies and ing machines as several basic types were Cos., were family o:ffshoots of the Brazil lost its hold on rubber. Manhat­ developed here, some of these being: New York Belting & Packing Co. tan withdrew from Nicaragua when it belt, bucket, portable, continuous weigh­ Henry Fowle Durant, a senior member of had obtained a going plantation in 1910 ing, pelletized, and fluid. As a volume this rubber-manufacturing family, and in Java with a better growing atmos­ indicator for this area, according to an John Haven Cheever, not of this family, phere. The Okonite Co. also established analysis of distribution of industrial sup­ both operated the earlier Roxbury Rub­ a rubber plantation in British Guiana in plies by the American Supply & Machin­ ber Co. founded in 1833 in Boston as the 1911 at the time of the "foreign" squeeze ery Manufacturers Association, pur­ first chartered rubber company in Amer­ on crude rubber prices. chases of such supplies in the Passaic ica at the dawn of the rubber industry. FIRST INSULATED ELECTRIC WmE AND CABLES area equals or exceeds that of the Pater­ Later, both Durant and Cheever incorpo­ WERE MADE IN PASSAIC son area, and both together is exceeded rated the New York Belting & Packing The Okonite Co., made the first rub­ only by Newark in this State. Co., solely owned by both with equal ber-insulated telegraph, telephone, and shares. Mr. and Mrs. Durant founded PLANTS KEEP UP WITH INDUSTRY AND PRODUC'r submarine cables in America. It also CHANGES Wellesley College and Mrs. Durant was developed the high-pressure pipe-type Many of the older plants here survived first president of the YWCA in Boston. electric transmission cable for high volt­ by changing into newer or different prod­ MANHAnANANDOKONITE age now in general use and a number of ucts when use of their types of products Col. A. F. Townsend and Frank Caze­ other cable developments. Today most was waning. A good example is J . L. nove Jones, Sr. were cousins of H. F. of U.S. naval vessels, submarines, city Prescott Co., originally one of the coun­ Durant and both founded Manhattan subways, and many powerplants here try's largest makers of stove polishes. Rubber. The Okonite Co. was founded and around the world use Okonite elec­ They later went into laundry bleach and by Cheever and Jones. As mentioned tric transmission cables. January 18, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 723 FIRST RUBBER CONVEYOR BELT and brought in new industries, developed Conveying Weigher Co. and designed the Thomas Robins, Sr., had worked with Athenia, most of which his father owned, first long-distance belt conveyor sys­ Thomas A. Edison in developing the first and other areas. tems for construction, like the Wanaque rubber conveyor belt which was made Of the more contemporary ones: Reservoir Dam, Stamford, Conn., reser­ by the New York Belting & Packing Co. Julius G. Forstmann, built large inte­ voir, Conowingo Dam, George Washing­ Robins then became Manhattan's first grated woolen mills in Passaic, Clifton, ton Bridge colossal anchorages, and secretary and continued his belt con­ and Garfield employing thousands, very other executives many with equal ac­ veyor development with them. Robins large community contributor and en­ complishments. later founded the Robins Conveying Belt dowed Forstmann Public Library; Dow RELIGIOUS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS Co. in Passaic in 1896. This company H. Drukker, Congressman, publisher, This expansion necessitated worship later became Hewitt-Robins with the ac­ builder, banker, and on boards of large and recreational facilities, which were quisition of Hewitt Rubber Co., of Buf­ local plants; Paul L. Troast, president, accomplished very well. Passaic has falo, and today it is a division of Litton. Mahony-Troast Construction Co., was some of the largest and most elegant Thomas Matchett was president of both chairman of New Jersey Tercentenary churches in the State of all denomina­ Robins Conveying Belt and Hewitt Rub­ Commission, headed New Jersey Tum­ tions. It has two of the finest endowed ber before they merged. pike Commission, Chairman S. H. Kress libraries, also has YMCA and YWCA TELEVISION DEVELOPED IN PASSAIC & Co., chairman of New Jersey Man­ buildings among the State's largest and It was in part of the Brighton Mills ufacturers Association, member of Gov­ best equipped. All of these possible plant in Passaic, partly idled after mov­ ernors Commission for More South through generous public contributions ing south, that Dr. Lee DeForest of De­ American Trade, made close run for and sizable endowments, both industrial Forest Radio Co., with Du Mont, perfect­ Governor. There were many others, like and publicly, all made possible through ed the TV tube and gave us the TV indus­ Paulison, Kip, Howe, and so forth, and the fruits of industry. It also has three try. This plant, adjacent to Manhattan others of earlier periods who did mag­ large and complete hospitals that serve Rubber, was acquired by Manhattan nificent work under conditions difficult the entire Passaic area and beyond be­ about this time. to evaluate with today's era, and there cause of specialized facilities. Because are many contemporary outstanding of Passaic's early growth, it has become INDUSTRIAL PIONEERS OF PASSAIC performers in public affairs, industry Some of the pioneers behind the great virtually the civic and commercial center employing thousands, finance, law, some of a wide peripheral territory. Passaic development of the Passaic area are: of big deeds, very large benefactors and Peter Reid and William I. Barry, both schools at one time had the highest community contributors, but space does scholastic standing in the Nation. founders of Reid & Barry, the first large not permit. textile finishing plant on the Dundee The boom conditions experienced Canal, and did much to spur the great HOUSING PROBLEMS manifested themselves in other direc­ industrial expansion of Passaic and both This great industrial expansion cre­ tions. The Passaic Fire Department was were generous community contributors, ated housing and rooming problems. In the first in the country to be completely including the Reid Public Library; Rich­ addition to many thousands of immi­ motorized; that is, no more horses, and ard Morrell, founded Campbell, Morrell grants, many young men out of school shortly before, Passaic had its own trol­ Co., at one time largest State dealers in came here to seek their fortunes. To ley car line operating entirely within its coal, grain, and building material, had take care of them, rooming and board­ boundaries, the first in the State, and eastern agency for Erie anthracite coal, ing houses were set up almost every­ again, no more horses. built railroad from Dundee mills to Pas­ where, many by upstate farmers or from WILLIAM W. SCOTT saic Junction of N.Y.S. & W.R.R. in Ber­ small rural towns. There were also sev­ In conclusion, I should like to express gen County; Gilbert D. Bogart, owner of eral housekeeping "bachelor clubs," two a deep sense of gratitude to William W. large part of Garfield, named it, and of which became famous as the young Scott for writing the history of Passaic helped develop it and other areas; R. D. men came from well-to-do families and its environs from which much of the Benson, late president of Tide Water Oil from different parts of the country. early data above has been taken. It was Co., first oil and pipeline company, or­ They rotated purchasing and managing, written after middle age and during a ganized Passaic and county park sys­ had a cook or housekeeper and gardener. time when many old residents were still tems, helped on boards of several large They became favorites at the ball or for alive and able to give firsthand data on local companies; W. F. Gaston, promi­ whist. Many became responsible and early events, or they themselves had nent lawyer who helped organize and infiuential executives, like C. T. Young, known oldtimers who had direct or eye­ manage large companies here--Manhat­ to vice president, the Manhattan Rubber witness information of their times, even tan Rubber, Okonite, New York Steam Manufacturing Co., and F. L. Curtis to to the Revolutionary period, and were Engine Co., Forstmann, others--Frank vice president of Raybestos-Manhattan, able to provide Scott with documentary Hughes, developed industrial property Inc., B. M. Mitchell, who founded the material they had preserved.

confidence and a courage which will en­ of the following titles, in which the con­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able us to lead our Nation to better days, currence of the House is requested: to a greater spirit between our people S.J. Res. 16. Joint resolution extending WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 18, 1967 and to a finer relationship between the the dates for transmission of the Economic nations of the world. Report a.nd the report of the Joint Keonomic The House met at 12 o'clock noon. We pause to thank Thee for our com­ Committee; a.nd The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, panion who has fallen along the way. S.J. Res.17. Joint resolution authorizing D.D., offered the following prayer: Receive him into Thy everlasting glory the President to establish a "National Ski Commit thy works unto the Lord, and and may the comfort of Thy presence Week." thy thoughts shall be established/' Prov­ and the strength of Thy spirit abide in The message also announced that the erbs 16: 3. the hearts of his beloved family. In the Vice President, pursuant to Public Law Eternal Father of our spirits, as we Master's name we pray. Amen. 88-630, appointed Mr. HANSEN as a mem­ bow before the altar of prayer, grant unto ber of the Lewis and Clark Trail Com­ us a realization of Thy presence and the mission in lieu of Mr. Simpson, retired assurance that as we face the demanding THE JOURNAL from the Senate. duties of these days Thou art with us. The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ The message also announced that the As we tum to Thee, may we find wisdom terday was read and approved. Vice President, pursuant to Public Law to make wise decisions, strength to stand 85-874, appointed Mr. PERCY as a mem­ for what is good for all, and good will ber of the National Cultural Center to motivate all our endeavors. :MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Board in lieu of Mr. Saltonstall, retired May we think of Thee--not only this A message from the Senate, by Mr. Ar­ from the Senate. moment-but throughout this day, and rington, one of its clerks, announced that The message also announced that the from these moments may there come a the Senate had passed joint resolutions Vice President, pursuant to Public Law