Punjab Roads and Bridges Development Board Punjab State Road Sector Project
Consultancy Services for Project Preparatory
Public Disclosure Authorized Studies for Package 11 (Phase I) for Detailed Project Report for Rehabilitation of about 254.00 Km Road Length
N E1370 VOL. 14
I MCI L Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment
(4.Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd.
Public Disclosure Authorized A-8, Green Park, New Delhi - 11 001 6, India
in joint venture with j TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LTD. 37 Sheerit Israel St., 68165, Tel-Aviv, Israel
in association with Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. E-12, Moji Colony, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur-302017, India
August, 2006 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I , l l Punjab Roads and Bridges Development Board Punjab State Road Sector Pioject
Consultancy Services for Project Preparatory Studies-for Package 11 (Phase 1)for Detailed Project Report'for Reiabilitafton 3of about-254.00 Ki-Road Length
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U A1 ht-uitcontinental Consultants and Technocerats Pvt. Ltd. tj"I~A-8, Green Park, New Delhi - 110 016, India
in joint venture with 3 TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LTD. 37 Sheent Israel St., 68165, Tel-Aviv, Israel
-in association with Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. E-12, Moji Colony, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur-302017, India
E oAugust, 2006 I I I I i LIST OF REPORTS
VOLUME DESCRIPTION NO. I MAIN REPORT II APPENDICES TO MAIN REPORT III COST ESTIMATE ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN IV-A (REHABILITATION COMPONENT) IV-B ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (MALERKOTLA-DHURI-SANGRUR) IV-C ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (MALERKOTLA-DHURI-SANGRUR) ACTION PLAN V SOCIAL IMAPCT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENT VI DRAWINGS VII BRIDGE DESIGN CALCULATIONS VIII GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS IX TECHNICAL REPORT OF TOPOGRAPHY SURVEY I.. . LIST OF ACRONYMS AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ASI Archaeological Survey of India BA Borrow Area BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities CO Carbon Mono oxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPWD Central Public Works Department DO Dissolved Oxygen DOEF Department of Environment & Forest DPR Detailed Project Report EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan HC Hydrocarbon ICT Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. ILO International Labour Organization INR Road Rupees IRC Indian Road Congress IS Indian Standards LS Left Side MCW Mother and Child Welfare MOEF Ministry of Environment & Forest MOST Ministry of Surface Transport MPN Most Probable Number NAQMS National Air Quality Monitoring Series NGO Non Government Organization NOx Nitrogen oxides NRPM Non Respirable Particulate Matter NTU Nephalo Turbidity Unit 3OB Over Burden (Ll LIST OF ACRONYMS PCB Pollution Control Board CMU Contract Management Unit POL Petroleum Oil Lubricant PRBDB Punjab Road & Bridge Development Board PSC Pre Stressed Concrete PWD Public Works Department R&R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RAP Rehabilitation Action Plan RCC Reinforce Cement Concrete RCCT Reinforced Cement Concrete T-Beam ROB Road over Bridge ROW Right of Way RPM Respirable Particulate Matter RS Right Side RSPM Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter RUB Road under Bridge SC Supervision Consultant SE Supervisi6n Engineer Sox Sulphar oxides SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPM Suspended Particulate Matter TDS Total Dissolved Solid TSS Total suspended Solid WB World Bank
(L-2) TABLE OF CONTENTS
-Chapter Description Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-i to ES-xiv to 1-5 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 1-1 1.1 General 1-1 1.2 Scope of the Works to 1-2 1.3 Project Road 1-1 1-3 1.4 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Impact 1-2 to Assessments 1-4 1.5 The Study Methodology 1-3 to 1.6 Structure of the Report 1-4 to 1-5 2-1 to 2-10 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Location 2-1 to 2-2 2.2 Salient Features of the Project Road 2-3 2.3 Improvement Works 2-3 to 2-10 to 3-8 3. POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 3-1 to 3-3 3.1 Enviromnental Policy Framework 3-1 3.2 The Legal Framework 3-4 to 3-5 3.3 Institutional Framework 3-5 to 3-8 4-1 to 4-24 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT to 4-7 4.1 Macro Level Baseline 4-1 to 4-24 4.2 Micro Level Baseline 4-8 to 5-4 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5-1 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-1 to 5-3 5.2 Aligmnent 5-4 5.3 Technical Alternatives 6-1 to 6-8 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 6-1 6.1 Introduction to 6-2 6.2 Objectives 6-1 to 6-5 6.3 Consultation Methodology 6-2 to 6-7 6.4 Approach to Consultation 6-6 6.5 Discloser of Information 6-7 to 6-8 to 7-11 7. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS 7-1 7-1 7.0 General 7-1 7.1 Impacts on Physical Environment 7.2 Impact on Soil 7-2 to 7-3 to 7-5 7.3 Impact on Water Resources 7-3 7.4 Impacts on Air Enviromnent 7-5 to 7-8 to 7-9 7.5 Noise Environment 7-8 Chapter Description Page No. 7.6 Impact on Ecological Resources 7-9 7.7 Impact on Cultural Environment 7-9 7.8 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment 7-10 7.9 Impact on Safety and Public Health 7-11 8. MITIGATION, AVOIDANCE AND ENHANCEMENT 8-1 to 8-8 MEASURES
8.0 Overview 8-1 8.1 Meteorological Parameters 8-1 8.2 Topography 8-1 8.3 Soil Erosion Control 8-1 to 8-2 8.4 Water Environment 8-3 to 8-4 8.5 Air Environment 8-4 to 8-5 8.6 Noise Environment 8-5 8.7 Construction Camp 8-5 to 8-6 8.8 Ecology 8-6 8.9 Cultural Environment 8-6 8.10 Road Safety 8-6 to 8-7 8.11 Enhancement Measures 8-7 8.12 Environment Budget 8-8 9. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 9-1 to 9-6 9.1 General 9-1 9.2 Existing Institutional Arrangements 9-1 to 9-2 9.3 Need for Further Strengthening 9-2 9.4 Proposed Institutional Capacity 9-2 to 9-4 9.5 Environmental Reporting System 9-4 9.6 Operationalization 9-4 9.7 Training 9-4 to 9-6 LIST OF TABLES
Description Page Table No. Nos. ES-i Table Es-I Details of Proposed Works ES-ii Table Es-2 Proposed work for Bridges Preparation Stage ES-iii Table Es-3 Clearance Requirement for the Project at Project Area ES-v Table Es-4 Baseline Environmental Scenario in the Project ES-v Table Es-5 Public Consultations ES-vii Table Es-6 Environmental Impact Summary ES-ix Table Es-7 Key Environmental Impacts and Management Measures ES-xiv Table Es-8 Enhancement Measures Provided for the Project ES-xiv Table Es-9 Summary of Environment Budget 2-1 Table 2.1 List of Settlement along the Project Road 2-3 Table 2.2 Sunmnary of Salient Features of Project Road 2-3 Table 2.3 Proposed Improvement Work 2-4 Table 2.4 Proposed work for Bridges be improved 2-5 Table 2.5 Details of Horizontal Alignment, which could not Location 2-5 Table 2.6 Junction, Rotary, and Intersection Improvement 2-7 Table 2.7 Proposed Culverts 2-7 Table 2.8 Road Safety Measure 3-7 Table 3.1 List of State Giovernment Authorities for Clearance 4-2 Table 4.1 Monthly Average Temperatures Details in % age 4-2 Table 4.2 Monthly Average Range of Relative Humidity 4-3 Table 4.3 Year Wise Rainfall of the Study Area 4-3 Table 4.4 : Monthly Average Wind Speed in Kmph Sq. Km 4-7 Table 4.5 District wise Area. Population, and Density per 4-8 Table 4.6 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area 4-9 Table 4.7 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 4-li Table 4.8 Results of the Sampling along the Project Road with the 4-11 Table 4.9 Comparison of the Ambient Noise Quality reSUItS standaids 4-14 Table 4.10 List of Canals/ Nala along the Project Road 4-14 Table 4.11 List of Ponds along the Project road 4-15 Table 4.12 Water Quality Monitoring 4-16 Table 4.13 Groundwater- Quality Monitor-ing 4-19 Table 4.14 Soil Testing Results along the Project Road 4-2() Table 4.15 The list of roadside trees Table 4.16 Location of the Borrow Pits 4-21 Table 4.17 Land use detail along the Project Road 4-23 Table 5.1 Details of Widening Options 5-3 Table 6.1 Issues Discussed during Stakeholders Consultation 6-5 Table 6.2 Location and Date of Public Consultation along the Project Road 6-6 Table 6.3 Findings of Focus Group Discussion held at Various Places 6-6 Table 7.1 Details of the Quantities of Material Required 7-2 Table 7.2 Details of the Quantities of Fill and Spoil 7-3 Table 7.3 Impacts on Water Resource and Indicators 7-3 Table 7.4 Details of Cross-drainage Structures 7-5 Table 7.5 Speed Corrected Emission Factors (in gM/km/ vehicle) 7-6 Table 7.6 Caline4: California Line Source Dispersion Model 7-8 Table 7.7 Details of Properties Affected 7-10 Table 8.1 Silt Fencing Locations 8-3 Table 8.2 Summary of Environment Enhancement Sites 8-8 Table 8.3 Summary of Environment Budget 8-8 Table 9.1 Training Module 9-5 LIST OF PLATES
Page Nos. Plate. No. Description 2-3 Plate 2.1 Existing Road Condition 2-6 Plate 2.4 Details of the Cross Section Upgradations 4-4 Plate 4.1 Project Road 4-20 Plate 4.2 Vegetation along the Road 4-22 Plate 4.3 Builtup Area on the Project Road 4-22 Plate 4.4 Kotla Hydro Power Project 4-23 Plate 4.5 Land use Pattern 6-4 Plate 6.1 Public Consultation at Sangrur 6-4 Plate 6.2 Public Consultation at Malerkotla 6-4 Plate 6.3 Public Consultation at Govind Nagar, Malerkotla 6-4 Plate 6.4 Public Consultation at Dhuri lI LIST OF FIGURES
Page Nos. Figure Description 3 ~~No.__ _ _ ES-iv Fig Es-I Location Map 2-1 Fig-2.1 Location Map 2-2 Fig-2.2 Project Site (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Stretch) 2-8 Fig-2.3 Details of the Cross Section upgradations 4-5 Fig-4. 1 Type of Forest Cover for Punjab 4-6 Fig-4.2 Forest Cover Map 4-10 Fig-4.3 Air Quality Monitoring at Residential locations 4-10 Fig-4.4 Air Quality Monitoring at Sensitive locations 4-12 Fig-4.5 Comparison of the Ambient Noise Quality Results with the Standards 4-13 Fig-4.6 Location of Air and Noise Quality Monitoring Locations 4-18 Fig4.7 Water Quality Monitoring locations along the Project road 4-19 Fig-4.8 Soil testing results along the project road 9-3 Fig-9. 1 Institutional / Implementation Arrangements I LIST OF ANNEXURES.-
Nos. Annexure Description Page No. Annexure 2.1 Details of ROW A-1 A-2 Annexure 4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards & On-Site Air Quality Monitoring Results Annexure 4.2 National Ambient Noise Level Standards & Noise Level A-3 Monitoring Results to A-5 Annexure 4.3 On-Site Ground Water Quality Results & Ground Water Testing A-4 Results of the Study Area to A-7 Annexure 4.4 Tree Inventory along the Road A-6 A-8 to A-9 Annexure 4.5 List of Tube Wells Annexure 4.6 List of Bus Stops and Handpumps A-10 A-11 Annexure 4.7 List of Religious Properties Annexure4.8 List of Industries along the Project Road A-12 Annexure4.9 List of Educational Institutes A-13 to A-15 Annexure 6.1 Public Participation Poster A-14 to A-17 Annexure 6.2 List of Attendees during Public Consultation A-16 A-18 Annexure 7.1 Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipments A-19 to A-24 Annexure 7.2 Tree Inventory along the Project Road (To Be Affected) i
I I I I I __Executive Summary
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
0.1 Project Background The Government of India has requested the assistance of the World Bank for the improvement and rehabilitation of State Highways, Major District Roads and Other District Road" s in the State of Punjab. A Strategic Option Study (SOS), carried out for the Public Works Department (PWD), has prioritised road sections for improvement from the 1698 km of State Highways (SH), Major District Roads (MDR) and Other District Roads (ODR). The major criteria used for selection in SOS are restricted carriageway width and /or pavement conditions, which result in capacity constraints for the high volumes of traffic, carried by the roads, and also consider the connectivity of the roads. The upgrading works will consist mainly of (a ) raising the formation level (b) widening to two lane from the existing intermediate-lane width, (c ) providing paved shoulders in the case of two lane roads and (d) pavement strengthening. Certain road stretches may also require upgrading to four-lane, and provision of drains, service roads, sidewalks, and pedestrian crossings and parking where required. At a few locations, re-alignment may aiso be necessary. 0.2 Project Road Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur Road starts from Malerkotla (km 45), passes through Ratola, Bhasaur, Birdwal, Benra, Ladda Kothi village and Dhuri town and ends at Sangrur (km 77.248) and lies wholly in Sangrur district. The length of the project is about 31.25 km and is designated as State Highway. The carriageway width is 6.70 m and the roadway width is 9.70m. The land width is varying from 21.6m to 40m. It is a State Highway (SH) 11. There are 9 minor bridges, 1 arch culvert, 18 slabs culvert and 13 hume pipe culverts. The surface is mostly 30 mm SDBC over WBM. These are 3 level crossings in this road. The road joins the district Head Quarter Sangrur to the famous industrial town and former princely state of Malerkotla in Punjab. 0.3 Project Description Package II of phase I of Punjab State Road Sector Project involves Rehabilitation of 252 is km of road, However project road from Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur of length 33 kms now under up gradation package. The following works have been proposed in the Project as detailed in Table Es I and Table Es 2. Table Es 1: Details of Proposed Works Si Description Applicable Refere Remarks No. (Dimensions in meter) Chainage (kn) nce I Carriageway 7.0m 45.00 to 47.096 Drg. No Length 28.551 Paved Shoulder 2x2.5 47.451 to 50.700 PRBDB/ MAR- Earthen Shoulder 2x1.0 51.645 to 54.625 SAN/ 54.977 to 57.020 TCS/2/3/R2 58.128 to 59.428 59.729 to 64.585 64.956 to 74.098 74.375 to 77.250 2 Carriageway 2x7.25 47.096 to 47.451 Drg. No Upgradtion to 4-lane Median lx1.50 50.700 to 51.645 PRBDB/ MAR- length=3.699 km Paved Shoulder 2x2.5m 54.625 to 54.977 SAN/ TCS1113/ Additional four lane Earthen Shoulder 2x1.0 59.428 to 59.729 R2 cross section with new
Sangrur Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - ES-i Executive Summary
Si Description Applicable Refere Remarks No. (Dimensions in meter) Chainage (km) nce 74.098 to 74.375 2 lane bridge. 3 Carriageway 2x7.25 57.020 to 58.128 Drg. No Upgradartion to 4 Median Ix1.50 64.595 to 64.956 PRBDB/ MAR- lane Paved Shoulder 2x2.5m SAN/ TCS/3/31 Length Earthen Shoulder 2xl.0 R2 Concentric widening of bridges
Table Es 2: Proposed work for Bridges Si. Location Name of Length Proposed Action No. (km) Bridge (m) 1 2.270 Lasara Drain 41.30 New 2-lane additional bridge left 2 6.445 13.66 New 2-lane additional bridge left 3 9.790 13.00 New 2-lane additional bridge left 4 12.090 7.04 Concentric widening 5 12.790 Gharat 8.22 Concentric widening
6 12.850 Kotla Branch 40.82 Concentric widening
7 14.570 Dhuri Drain 16.86 New 2-lane additional bridge right Sheron Rajwata 8 19.780 Distric Buta 18.471 Concentric widening
9 29.240 Barhokha Drain 19.46 New 2-lane additional bridge toward right 0.4 Environmental Assessment of the Project The detailed design of the project has been closely coordinated with the preparation of this Environmental Impact Assessment Report and the Environmental Management Plans. The EA preparation led to identification of potential negative environmental impacts and their feasible remedial measures (including avoidance, mitigation and enhancements). Based on these findings Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) have been prepared for the implementation for each construction package. The EMPs detail the potential negative impacts and list specific mitigation measures that are required to be included and will form the part of the Contract documents between the Contractor and the Client. 0.5 The Study Methodology
Environmental Screening and Scoping Environmental screening exercise of the projects roads were undertaken to determine the major environmental issues and define the scope of work for conducting environmental assessment. As per the recommendation of the Environmental Screening report, detailed Environmental Assessment has been carried out for the project roads. Geographical Boundaries for the project roads were defined as Direct Impact Zone and project influence area to assess the impacts due to project activities. Adopted methodologies for the project pointed out below: * Review Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework * Defining Geographical Boundaries * Surveys for Collection of Baseline Data * Testing and Monitoring
Final Report Volume IV-B: Environmnent Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-ii Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab Stlae Road Sector Project
. Assembly and Analysis of Data
. Environmental Assessment of the Project * Community Consultations * Analysis of Alternatives I Assessment of Potential Impacts . Mitigation and Enhancement Measures 0. 6 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Review of the existing legislation, institutions and policies relevant to the Environmental levels Impact Assessment for Punjab State Road Sector Project at the National and State stages of are reviewed and identified the clearance requirement for the project at various preparation the project. The requirement obtaining the clearances for the project at project stages are summarise in Table Es 3. Stage Table Es 3: Clearance Requirement for the Project at Project Preparation to Si. Type of i . e .r.tinApplicability Project No. Clearance R the
GOVERNMENT Of INDIA Applicable as I EIA Clearance The 1997 EIA notification of MoEF states: Not From MoEF, Environmental Clearance from the MoEF is not No marginal land no Govt of India required for Highway project relating to Acquisition, improvement work including widening and road is passing strengthening of roads if marginal land through ec- acquisition along the existing alignment does not sensitive area and exceed a total width of 20 metres on either side bypass cost is noe of the existing alignment put together. Highways exceeding 100 do not pass through ecologically sensitive areas crores. such as National Parks, Sanctuaries, Tiger Reserve, and Reserve Forests etc. Further, it is also clarified that bypasses would be treated as standalone projects and would require environmental clearance if the cost of projects exceed Rs. 100 crores each. as 2 Forest Roadside trees are declared as Protected forest in Applicable to Clearance Punjab. Cutting of these trees require Forest roadside trees Clearance from MoEF Regional Office, be cut due to the Chandigarh as per the Forest Conservation Act, up gradation of the 1980. Net Present Value of the diverted forest project road. land and two times compensatory plantation cost to paid to the Punjab State Forest Department for the Forests Clearance. State Level To 3 NOC From No Objection Certificate (NOC) from Punjab Applicable, the Punjab Pollution Control Board in pursuant to the Water ensure Pollution (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of applicability, Control Board 1974, and the Air (prevention and Control of PRBDB will apply Pollution) Act of 1981. Generally at project for the NOC from preparation stage this NOC is needed if project Punjab Pollution requires EIA clearance from MoEF, GOI. Control Board.
Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-iii I Executive Summary
Fig Es-i: Location Map
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Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-iv I I I I I I : : I Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project
0.7 Baseline Environment Status quality, Baseline data has been collected including meteorological data, water quality, air for the Project soil quality, noise levels, flora, fauna, land used and socio-economic status Table Es 4. influence area during the project preparation stage, which is summarised in Table Es 4: Baseline Environmental Scenario in the Project Area
Environmental Parameters Maler Kotla Sangrur Terrain Flat terrain Geology Quaternary Alluvium Soil Type Seriozem, loamy Surface water bodies crossing/ along the road: 7 Canals, 2 Drains, 2 Ponds Canal/Stream/Ponds Ground Water Bodies along the road: 10 HP / 35 TW HP/TW/Well Surface and ground Water Quality Within permissible limit permissible limit Air Quality SPM RSPM- Higher than Noise Level Higher than permissible limit Protected Forest in Forest Along the Road Road side trees declared as Punjab
Eco-sensitive area with 7 km Bir Sanctuary Avenue Trees along the road 12675. Settlements Along the road ( Nos) 9 . Religious Properties along the road (Nos) 13. Educational Institutes Along the road (Nos) 10 Nos. Industries along the road 9 Land Use Along the road Agriculture 56 % Built Up Area 33% Commercial Area 10% Industrial Area 1%
0.8 Public Consultations consultations Discussions were held with most of the stakeholders with different type of below such as formal, informal and group discussions. The details are presented Table Es 5: Public Consultations
S. Location of Date of Consultation No of Participants No Consultation I Govind Nagar 15th December 2005 15 2 Dhuri 15th December 2005 18 3 Govind Nagar 16th May 2005 32 4 Dhuri 16th May 2005 22
Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur ES-v Executive Summary
S Location No Issues where it Issue Addressed Ernerged* Issue not Addressed Bus shelters and lay bye provided at km 46.000, 51.700, 58.000, 61.000, 76.800 (Plan and Profile Drawing No. PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/2/33/R0, PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/7/33/RO, Request for toilets is Provision not of wayside PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/6/33/RO, addressed as there is no amenities like bus shelter, PRBDB/MAL- SAN/PP/17/ 33/RO prosion in therect. 1 footpath, toilet and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and PRBDB/MAL- provosion a the project. provision of drinking SAN/PP/32/33/RO) The RoW also is limited to water Footpath-cum drain has been provided accommodate this issue. in urban areas (Plan and Profile Drawing No. PRBDB/DRN/TCS/SD3/R l) All the affected hand-pumps will be replaced Storm water drainage provided at all settlements in urban and rural areas 2 Proper storm water 1, 3, 4,5 (Plan and Profile Drawing No. draiage aciltiesPRBDBIDRN/TCS/SD3/R I and PRBDB/DRN/TCS/SDI/RO) Parking could not be 3 Parking facilities 1, 3, 5 provided due to the limited RoW Dust suppression A 4Deauest soulress 1 Appropriate mitigation measures have 4 adoptedmau 1,3,5 been given in EMP (Vol. IV C) 5 Provision of street light 1, 3 Incorporated in design Sign boards provided (Plan and Profile Drawing No. 6 Sign boards for road safety 2 PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/7/33/RO) Detail of road sign is shown in Drawing No. PRBDB/RS/I/5/RI Service road could 7 Provision not be of service road 5 provided due to the limited RoW Employment opportunity to Preference would be given to local Direct employment cannot 8 local people during road 4 people, if willing, at the time of road be provided, instead construction construction (RAP Vol. V) training would be provided EnhacemetofGuruwar Gurudwara has been taken for 9 Enhnement oa I enhancement and details have been on left side given in EMP (Vol. IV B)
The bridge at km 64.780 is proposed to Concentric widening of the 3 for concentric widening within the bridge at km 64.780 available RoW and no private properties are affected Junction improvement is done at km II Junction improvement 3 64.850 (Junction drawing No. PRBDB/ Applicable-jun/3/RI) Rumble strips provided (Plan and 12 Provision of speed breaker 3 Profile Drawing no. PRBDB/MISC/2/3/RO) * Location Code: 1= Malerkotla; 2= Singhara; 3= Dhuri; 4= Babanpur Canal; 5= Sangrur
Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-vi Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudiesfor Package 11 (Phase J)for Punjab State Road Sector Project
0.9 Continued Participation Mechanism Two stages consultation was carried out in Project Corridor. In first stage consultation their Information about the project was disseminated to the local people and into views/Grievances/ Suggestions were solicited. These suggestions were incorporated with a the design to the extent possible and Second round of consultation was carried out objective to inform the people about the design, suggestions which could be addressed were and reasons for non incorporation of their suggestion thereof and communities this shown enhancement drawings and briefed about the enhancement measures and process will continue through out the construction period. 0.10 Information Disclosure As required by World Bank Policy on involuntary disclosure, the R&R Policy of Punjab the an State Road Sector project (PSRSP) was disclosed at Ludhiana on 12th May, 2006 at in auditorium in Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College and at Mohali on 15th May, 2006 a Community Hall, Phase 3B-I1. The report is also available on website of PRBDB. 0.11 Analysis of Alternatives Analysis for alternatives was carried out for different parameters as given below: With and Without Project Alternatives in Development of transport infrastructure facilities in the project area will result increased revenue generation from the agricultural industry, which will lead to enhanced the economic growth. The project area has a high incidence of road accidents. With and upgradation of the road, provision of a paved shoulder and adoption of traffic calming road safety measures, the accident rate may reduce. Keeping in view the site conditions 2 and the scope of development of the area widening of Existing Bridges and Additional lane bridge have been compared and detailed out in this section. 0.12 Prediction of Impacts Key Environmental Issues Along the Project Road: * Surface Water Pollution
. Loss of hand Pumps • Impact on Religious Schools and Properties * Road Safety Due to activities of proposed improvements there will be some potential in the surrounding improvements. The assessment of impacts on various environmental components from the project roads is summarised below: Table Es 6: Environmental Impact Summary
Si. Parameter Details No. Negative Impacts 6 1 Hand Pumps/Tube wells Relocation (Nos.) 0.248 2 Diversion of Agricultural land (ha.) 187866.00 3 Borrow Earth (Cum) 248105.00 4 Quarry Material (Cum) 11733 5 Water (kL) 1532 6 Nos of trees to be felled (Nos)
- Sangrur Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri ES-vii Executive Summary
No. Parameter Details Positive Impacts I Enhancement sites
A Cultural/Religious Properties 2 B Surface water body 1 C Educational Institute I D Safe Access to educational institution 10 E Enhancement of Bus bays 14 F Village gates 2 H Sitting Arrangement 4 I Wall Noise Barrier
K Debris Reuse (cum) 159,000 Road safety Measures A Major junction improvement (nos.) 4 B Rotary Junction Improvements (nos.) 1 C Intersections (nos.) 31 D Bus Bays (nos.) 14 E Pedestrian Crossing (locations) 6 F Street lighting (locations) 3 G Signage (nos.) i Intersection Signs 152 Ii Sign on Side roads 170 Iii School Signs 6 iv Place identification Sign 18 I Traffic calming measures (locations) 15 J Drain (length in Km) 78.14 K Four lane sections (length in Km) 3.699 L Crash Barriers / Gaurdrail (locations) 4 M Crash Barriers / Gaurdrail (length in m) 1552 0.13 Mitigation and Enhancement Measures
As far as possible avoidance and reduction of adverse impacts approaches were adopted during the design stage with consideration of the views of local communities and the design team including engineers, environmental and social experts. This is reflected in the finalization of the cross sections, construction methods, construction materials and alignment.
Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-viii Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I) for PunjabState Road Sector Project
Table Es7: Key Environmental Impacts and Management Measures
Area Impacts Management Measures Construction Phase by resurfacing of pits. Topography & geology - Disfiguration & change in existing profile of the land * Borrow pits will be restricted to I m depth followed due to borrow pits & construction of new bypass. * Road building materials will be procured from approved and licensed quarries * Disturbance on geological setting due to quarrying. only. the * Uncontrolled digging of borrow pits resulting in water * Suitable seismic design of the bridge structures will be adopted to mitigate accumulation & breeding of vector disease. earthquake impacts. embankment consolidation & slope Soil * Disruption & loss of productive top soil from * Adequate measures like adequate drainage, agricultural fields due to borrow pits which may reduce stabilization will be taken along the road to avoid soil erosion. crop yield. * Top soils (15 cm) of borrow pit sites will be conserved and restored after * Loosening of top soil & loss of vegetative cover along excavation is over. adherence the road due to excavation & back filling which will lead * Accidental spillage of lubricants/oil and molten asphalt will be avoided by to enhanced soil erosion. to good practices. of roadways & drainage will be reused Land use * Loss of agricultural land resources due to land * Earth material generated from excavation acquisition for the road. during site development. areas. * Generation of solid waste in the form of construction * Construction debris will be disposed of in suitable pre-identified dumping spoils from construction sites. Dumping areas will be biologically reclaimed. of * Changes in existing land use pattern of the ROW for * Construction camp will be provided to avoid indiscriminate settlement construction of the road. construction workers. of * Generation of bituminous waste due to scarifying of * Staging of the debris on / along the road will not be allowed. Regular inspection damaged pavement construction site will be carried out to ensure for this. Scarified bitumen will be recycled for use below Subgrade under pavement or below GSB under shoulder. are provided for the project to facilitate its long Drainage * Change in drainage pattern of the land. * Adequate lined and covered drains * Increased incidence and duration of floods due to life, and to avoid soil erosion & land degradation. obstruction of natural drainage courses by the road * Adequate cross drainage works & structures will be provided for smooth passage embankment. of runoff to avoid flooding. and * Chances of filling of existing drainage courses during * Steps at the bridge sites will be provided to inspect, regular cleaning earth filling. inspection of these sites.
Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-ix Executive Summary
Area Impacts Management Measures * Filling of existing drainage courses will be strictly avoided. * Suitable drainage at construction site & camp will be provided to avoid water stagnation, soil erosion & mosquito breeding. Water bodies * Loss of water resources due to complete or partial filling * Filling of water bodies along the road alignment will be minimized by providing up of few ponds/water bodies along the road. retaining walls. Water use * Impact on the local water sources due to use of * Minimum use of existing water sources for construction construction will be ensured to water. minimize likely impacts on other users. Water quality * Increase of sediment load in the run off from - Sediment traps will be provided to reduce sediment load in construction construction sites and increase in turbidity in receiving wastewater. streams/water bodies. * Proper sanitation facilities will be provided in construction camp to prevent health -Water pollution due to sewage from construction camps. related problems. * All the construction activities will be carried out during dry seasons only. Air quality * Deterioration of air quality due to fugitive dusts * Construction materials will be stored in enclosed spaces to prevent fugitive emission from construction activities like excavation, emissions. backfilling & concreting, and hauling & dumping of * Truck carrying soil, sand and stone will be duly covered to avoid spilling. earth materials & construction spoils, and vehicular * Adequate dust suppression movement along unpaved roads. measures such as regular water sprinkling on haul & v.e unpaved roads particularly near habitation will be undertaken * Deterioration of air quality due to gaseous emissions dust. to control fugitive from construction equipment & vehicular traffic. * Stringent construction material handling/overhauling procedures will be followed. Deterioration. of air quality due to emission from asphalt * Low and hot mix plants. emission construction equipment & vehicles will be used. * It will be ensured that all construction equipment & vehicles are in good working condition, properly tuned & maintained to keep emissions within permissible limits. * Asphalt and hot mix plants will be located at least 500 m away from inhabited areas and 300 m from the road. Noise level * Increase in noise level due to construction activities like * Construction camp and temporary labour sheds will be located away from the operation of construction equipment & vehicular traffic. immediate vicinity of the construction sites and major road traffic. * Protective gears such as ear plugs etc. will be provided to construction personnel exposed to high noise levels as preventive measure. * Low noise construction equipment will be used.
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Management Measures Area Impacts * It will be ensured that all construction equipment & vehicles are in good working condition, properly lubricated & maintained to keep noise within permissible limits. * Stationary construction equipment will be placed sufficiently away from inhabited areas and silence zones. * Construction activities carried out near residential area will be scheduled to the day time only so that minimum disturbances are caused to people. * wall barrier provided to minimise the noise level at identified locations (I wall barrier Nos.). beyond the toe line of proposed cross section. Floral & fauna * Loss of flora & loss of habitat of avian fauna due to * No tree shall be felled as per direction of felling of trees along the ROW. * Two times of area of diverted forest land will be afforested amount for afforested as forest * Short term disturbance to avian fauna. forest department. PRBDB will deposit the required department will specify for compensatory plantation. In addition to this NET present value for the diverted forest land will be paid to forest department * Median hedge will be developed to enhance the aesthetic look & reduce headlight glare on the four lane roads. * Cooking fuel should be provided to construction workers to avoid cutting/felling of trees for fuel wood. tube wells, temples & mosques will be suitably relocated. Amenities & cultural * Partial or total effect on roadside educational, medical & - Affected for other affected amenities like schools, colleges, properties other amenities, and religious & cultural properties like * Compensation will be given temples & mosques due to additional land acquisition. hospitals, banks, post-offices & markets. compensation, rehabilitation & resettlement measures for Rehabilitation & * Acquisition of agricultural land which is the source of * Adequate & equitable prepared for the project. resettlement sustenance of those families. PAPs are provided in RAP * Demolition of houses & other structures within ROW resulting in displacement of people. camps with adequate potable water supply, sanitation & Construction camp * Influx of construction work-force & supplier who are * Temporary construction provided to accommodate likely to construct temporary tents in the vicinity. primary health facilities and fuel for cooking will be * Likely sanitation & health hazards & other impacts on construction workers. fuel for cooking to the surrounding environment due to inflow of * It will be ensured that the construction workers are provided construction labourers. avoid cutting of trees from the adjoining areas. * Domestic as well as the sanitary wastes from construction camps will be cleared
Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-xi Executive Summary
Area Impacts Management Measures regularly and disposed as per local practice stipulated by local administration (Municipalities, Panchayats etc.). Occupational health & * Health & safety related problems to construction * Adequate safety measures complying to the occupational safety manuals safety workers due to inadequate health & safety will be measures. adopted to prevent accidents/hazards to the construction workers a Periodic health check-up of construction workers will be done. Road safety * Increase on incidence of road accidents due to * Proper traffic diversion and management wifl be ensured disruptions caused during construction at the in existing traffic movements. interactions and construction areas. * Traffic calming measures Provided. Operation Phase Land use & * Change of land use by squatter/ encroachment within * Planning Encroachment agencies and Collector/ Revenue Officer will be made involved for ROW and induced development outside the ROW. controlled development and prohibiting squatter/ encroachment within ROW. Drainage * Filthy environment due to improper maintenance of * Drainage system will be properly maintained. drainage. Water quality * Chances of contamination of water bodies from road * Oil interceptor will be provided at construction yard. surface run off containing oil spills due to traffic * Contingent actions will be taken for movement & accidents. speedy cleaning up of oil spills, fuel and toxic chemicals in the event of accidents. Air quality * Air pollution due to vehicular emission from road traffic. * Vehicular emission will be controlled through enforcement of laws and public awareness. * Truck parking lay-byes and bus bays will be provided at required locations to facilitate smooth traffic flow. * Regular monitoring of air quality at specified locations will be conducted. Noise level * Noise pollution due to traffic noise. * Vehicular noise & use of horns will be controlled through enforcement of laws and public awareness. * Road signs prohibiting the use of horns will be placed at residential areas, sensitive locations & silence zones. * Regular monitoring of noise level at specified locations will be conducted by PRBDB. Flora & fauna * Illegal felling of road side plantation. * Plantation along the ROW will be maintained properly and protected from illegal
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Measures Area Impacts Management Effect on aquatic fauna in case of accidental spill of oil, felling. spill of oil, fuel & toxic fuel & toxic chemicals into water bodies. * Contingent actions will be taken in the event accidental chemicals. approach of existing major cross roads will be upgraded. Access * Significant severance problem on pedestrian & cattle * Intersection & & pedestrian movement to avoid crossing and cross traffic due to widening, partially * Cattle/animal crossings to facilitate smooth traffic access control & increase in traffic speed. accidents. * Access of primary schools will be modified in S shaped to slow down the speed of the primary school children, when they come out. It will avoid chances for accidents of school children. * Bus bays will be provided at suggested suitable locations. measures e.g. crash barriers & pedestrian railings will be Road safety * Impacts on human health due to accidents. * Adequate traffic safety - Damage of road due to wear & tear. provided wherever required. * Proper & adequate road signs, road markings, kerb paintings and road furniture like overhead gantry signs, roadway delineators etc. will be provided. * Adequate illumination will be provided at interchange locations for safe and efficient traffic operations specially during night and inclement weather. * Periodical inspection of the road will be conducted to detect anomalies in pavement. * Emergency telephone communication system, highway patrolling, crane and ambulance facilities will be provided.
Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) ES-xiii Executive Summary
Environmental Enhancement Measure To improve the aesthetic beauty of the corridor enhancement measures are provided for the project, summarised below:
Table Es 8: Enhancement Measures Provided for the Project S. No Type of Property Nos. I Religious Structure 2 2 Surface water body 1 3 Educational Institution I 5 Improvement of School Approach / Junction 10 6 Enhancement of Bus bays 14 5 Village Gates 2 Environmental Budget An Estimate of the cost component involved in mitigation of impacts, enhancements (through landscaping or specific enhancement measures for cultural properties and typical enhancements such as ponds) monitoring and evaluation of various components in pre- construction, construction and operation period has been estimated. The summary of Environment Budget is as follows in Table Es 8. Table Es 9: Summary of Environment Budget
Items Cost
Forest clearance 8030000.00 Mitigation 311186.00 Monitoring 676500.00 Enhancement 897260.00 Total 9914946.00 Contingency 495747.30 Total 10410693.30 Say 10410700.00 Training 690000.00
0.14 Institutional Arrangements PRBDB is headed by the Chief Engineer who will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Project. The Chief Engineer will be assisted by the Project Director, Contract Management Unit, Project Management Information System and the Environmental and Social Expert at the head office. Executive Engineers and his supporting staff as Employers representatives nominated for the Project will be responsible for the implementation of the Projects under his division. The Environmental and Social Expert of PRBDB will look after the environmental issues during the Project preparation and implementation with the assistance of the Environmental Specialist of the Design and Supervision Consultant. Training will also be conducted at pre-construction stage, construction stage, on site at construction stage, before de-mobilisation of the construction and after completion of the construction.
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I I Introduction I l I
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General of Connectivity matters, whether it is by surface, air or water. This is true when the most a vast the countries in the world are trying to get integrated into market economy. India is country having spread of markets in rural areas through semi urban and urban markets. To integrate such markets and ensure a level playing ground for its industries and agriculture a merchandise, there is a critical need of building up of surface connectivity through vastly improved road network cutting across the boundaries of its states. the The Government of Punjab through Govt. of India has requested the assistance of World Bank for the improvement and rehabilitation of State Highways, Major District Roads and Other District Roads in the State of Punjab. A Strategic Option Study (SOS), carried out for the Public Works Department (PWD), has prioritized road sections for improvement from the 1698 km of State Highways (SH), Major District Roads (MDR) are and Other District Roads (ODR). The major criteria used for selection in SOS restricted carriageway width and /or pavement conditions, which result in capacity the constraints for the high volumes of traffic carried by the roads, and also consider connectivity of the roads. Technical and Economic feasibility studies for the Punjab State Road Project are being undertaken separately. The Government of Punjab has pre-selected approximately 369 km of roads for Phase-I (comprising approx 254 km roads for rehabilitation and another 115 km for up-grading works). In pursuance of the above, M/s Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. (ICT), India in joint venture with Technology and Management (TNM) Ltd., Israel and in association with Central Engineering Group (CEG) Ltd, India have been appointed as of Consultants to carry out the preparation of detailed project report for the rehabilitation 254 km of roads. Now 33 km of stretch out of 254 kms from MalearKotla to Sangrur is under up gradation Package. 1.2 Scope of the Works This report relates to the present contract for Package 3 Phase 1 of the Punjab State Road Sector Project and the services will be undertaken in two stages: * Part A Services (Project Preparation - 8 months), which will include the detailed design including environmental and social assessments and preparation of bid documents for roads proposed under the Project. * Part B Services (Construction Supervision - 30 months). Carry out Technical Assistance Consultancy for Rehabilitation Component. This report is part of consultancy Part A services and now comes under Upgradation Package 1.3 Project Road The project road starts from the meeting point of Khanna Road at Malearkotla and terminates at Sangrur junction in Sangrur city and is State Highway 11. The Project road lies entirely in Sangrur District and passes through one important settlement Dhuri.and length of Project road is 33 km (approx.). Findings of the Environmental Screening Report
FA - Sangrur Road) 3 Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri I- Introduction
* The Environmental Screening (ES) of the project corridor was undertaken by the Phase I consultants. The ES Report submitted by the consultants highlighted the following findings:
* There is no environmental constraint that critically affect the rehabilitation and upgradation of the roads
* Road upgradation will involve tree felling but the impact is not critical as the trees have only timber value and no cultural importance, thus the felling of such trees will be compensated by replantation
* None of the roads is passing through eco sensitive areas like reserve forests and sanctuaries. Though there are some wildlife sanctuaries in the state they are far away from the project roads and therefore will not be affected from the road improvement programme.
• The roadside schools, hospitals and temples are outside the ROW and may be affected only in case of upgradation when 4 laning is required and additional land acquisition is involved.
* As per the Table 6.1 of the Screening Report, which summarizes the scoping, full EA and EMP, is required for the project work which involves:
* Upgradation without land acquisition, from intermediate to two lane or single to intermediate lane
* Upgradation involving land acquisition, for 4 laning, new bypasses and major realignment
* The project work involves upgradation works, which include intermediate to two laning and four laning of the road. The improvement works will need 0.248 ha of land acquisition approximately for widening approach to bridges to four lanes. In view of this Environment Impact Assesment has been carried out and stand alone Environment Management Plan (EMP) for the Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur stretch .has been developed.
Based on the finding of the screening report an Environment Impact Assessment including preparation of Environment Management Plan ( EMP) for the Malerkotla- Dhuri-Sangrur stretch. Was undertaken . Corridor Specific EMP has been presented in a seprate v'olume titled IV C.
The present project has been categorized as Categor) A project according to the World Bank Policy i.e. OP 4.01 due to cumulative impacts from the Project 1.4 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Impact Assessments
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study was undertaken to incorporate the environmental and social considerations into the project planning and design process in order to ensure that the road improvement options under consideration are environmentally sound and sustainable. The following is the scope of work was defined • Collection of baseline data on various components of the environment. • Identification of areas and aspects that are environmentally or socio-economically significant.
* Development of the road alignment broadly ensuring that the environment and settlements are affected the least.
Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) I -2 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project
aspects of the a Conduction and documentation of community consultation on various project with respect to environment. a Determination of the magnitude of environmental impacts so that due consideration be given to these during planning / design, construction and operational phases of the project implementation. Preparation of environmental management plans for enhancing the positive impacts and mitigating the negative impacts, development of an environmental monitoring programme for construction and operational phases; detailing of the requirements for institutional strengthening and training. 1.5 The Study Methodology Methodology adopted for the Environmental Impact Assessment was in accordance with the requirements of the term of reference (TOR), EIA Notifications of Ministry of Environmental and Forests (MOEF) (1994 and 1997), Indian Roads Congress Guidelines for EIA for Highway Projects (1983) and other Govt of India (Gol) guidelines. The World Bank Operational Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01, BP 4.01, GP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04, GP 4.04), Forestry (OP 4.36, GP 4.36), Cultural Property (OP 11.03), Indigenous People (OD 4.20) and Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.20) were followed during the data collection and EIA Report preparation. The environmental impact assessment was undertaken simultaneously with detailed design of the project. The important findings of the assessment gave important feedback to the design team, especially in terms of the sensitive receptors, utility /facilities to be impacted. It helped modify the designs at locations where impacts had to be avoided and incorporate mitigation measures wherever the impacts were unavoidable due to other constraints. The methodology adopted for the EIA is as follows: 1.5.1 Review Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework This step discusses the policy, legal framework with in which the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is prepared and also reviewed the existing institutions and legislations relevant to the project corridor, at the national and state level. Defining Geographical Boundaries Geographical Boundaries for the project roads were defined as Direct Impact Zonel and project influence area2 to assess the impacts due to project activities. 1.5.2 Collection and Analysis of Data Data was collected for various environmental components such as soil, climate, geology, hydrology, water quality, flora and fauna, habitat, demography, land use, cultural on properties etc., to establish the baseline environmental setup. Secondary data environment for the project corridor was collected from published and other relevant sources like Departments of Forest, the State Pollution Control Board. The data collection from the field was completed with the help of questionnaires and proforma. 1.5.3 Environmental Monitoring and analysis In order to assess the situation in different sections of the highway during the screening the and site visit of the area, different locations were identified for testing & monitoring noise level, ambient air quality and water quality. The monitoring & testing of water
I'Direct Impact Zone is limited to existing Right of Way. as per guidelines of MoEF 2 Project influence area is defined 7 km area on either side of the project road
Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur 1 -3 Introduction
quality, air quality and noise level has been done with the help of M/s. Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Noida. 1.5.4 Community Consultations Consultation with likely affected groups along the project road and government bodies, Punjab State Pollution Control Board, Forest Departments of the various districts been undertaken has and information at different levels was collected to determine public opinion regarding the proposed project and associated impacts 1.5.5 Analysis ofAlternative Analysis of alternatives for widening / additional two lane bridges has been considered. The parameters considered for the analysis are the environmental as well social features and their likely impact on the natural ecosystem. 1.5.6 Assessment of Potential Impacts Potential significant impacts were identified on the basis of the analytical review of baseline data; review of environmental conditions at site; analytical review of the underlying socio-economic conditions within the project influence area. The design and decision making process included the integration of the resettlement environmental, and rehabilitation issues. This prompted the early identification appropriate actions of including road widening based on the awareness of cultural and ecological resources. 1.5.7 Mitigation /Environmental Enhancement Measures Positive and suitable actions have been determined, not only to avoid adverse impacts, also to capitalize but on opportunities and to correct environmental degradation or improve - environmental conditions. In view of the presence of sensitive receptors along the proposed alignment, appropriate mitigation measures have been specified impacts where adverse could not be avoided. Enhancement measures including roadside enhancement plantation, for the roadside amenities and for cultural properties identified along alignment have the been identified for the sensitive receptors and community resources along the highway. Details are provided in the Environmental Management Plan and in the drawings and specifications. 1.5.8 Preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment & Environment Management Plan An EIA & EMP for the project is prepared to specify the steps required to ensure that necessary measures the have been and will be taken. This includes the monitoring plan giving details of the resources budgeted and the implementation arrangements. 1.6 Structure of the Report The Environment Impact Assessment report is structured as follows: Chapter-1: Introduction Chapter-2: Project Description Chapter-3: Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Chapter-4: Description of the Environment Chapter-5: Analysis of alternatives Chapter-6: Public Consultation Chapter-7: Impact Identification, Mitigation And Management Measures Chapter-8: Mitigation Avoidance and Enhancement Measures Chapter-9: Implementation Arrangements
Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 1 -4 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project
The report has been divided into 9 chapters including this Introduction as follows: Chapter 2 Project Description: In this section Project road details are described from an environmental perspective with salient features such as ROW, roadway improvements proposed, cross sections cross drainage structures, community facilities, traffic projections etc. Chapter 3 details the Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework within which the project is set. The major stakeholder departments of the State and Central Governments with their specific roles along with applicable Acts and Laws are described. At the end of this chapter clearance requirements are presented. detail. Chapter 4 describes the Existing Baseline Environmental situation in Details of the Meteorological baseline, components of the biophysical and natural to give environments, cultural properties along the corridor and quality of life add up its a comprehensive picture of the existing environment along the project road and area of influence. The data presented in the chapter is gathered from primary and secondary sources. during the a Chapter 5 details the overview of the Public Consultation carried out project preparation stage and people's perceptions of the project benefits and the potential impacts. 3Chapter 6 provided the Analysis of Alternatives considered during the project design. The minimisation of environmental impacts by considering design alternatives determines the extent of mainstreaming of the environmental component. Chapter 7 identifies and quantifies the Potential Impacts on each of the environmental components due to the proposed project. Chapter 8 provides details of Mitigation, Avoidance and Enhancement Measures have for the adverse impacts identified in earlier sectionPositive and suitable actions on been determined, not only to avoid adverse impacts, but also to capitalize opportunities and to correct environmental degradation or improve environmental conditions. In view of the presence of sensitive receptors along the proposed alignment, appropriate mitigation measures have been specified where adverse impacts could not be avoided. Enhancement measures including roadside plantation and enhancement for the roadside amenities and for cultural properties identified along the alignment have been identified for the sensitive receptors and community resources along the highway. Details are provided in the Environmental Management Plan and in the drawings and specifications. This section forms the basis for the comprehensive Environmental Management Plans prepared for each project road. In addition to the avoidance and mitigation measures for the biophysical and natural environmental components and discusses various environmental enhancements suggested by the project including the enhancement of common property resources such as community wastewater bodies and cultural resources along the project. the Chapter 9 reviews the existing Implementation Arrangements for implementation of the environmental component of the project. It provides recommendations on reporting system and training needs to ensure that the expertise required for effective implementation of EA provisions is established in PRBDB.Environment Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for the same and submitted in a separate volume.
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Location It lies between The project road traverses through the Sangrur district of Punjab state. at a chainage latitude 30.12 N and 75.53 E. The road (SH-1 1) takes off from Malerkotla rural villages and km 45.00 and ends at km 77.00 at Sangrur. It traverses through mainly is given in some urban towns, covering a length of 32.29 km. The detail of the settlements the project Table 2.1. Fig. 2.1 shows the location of the Project road and Fig. 2.2 shows site. Table 2.1: List of Settlement along the Project Road
Side Distance from CAl Length S. Village/Town Chainage _ _ _ _ _ No.(kin)__ 2.300 1. Malarkotala Town 45 Both 12 1.600 2. Ratola 47.6 Both 15 0.600 3. Sangali 51.5 Both 20 1.900 4. Bhasaur 54.2 Both 25 12 0.400 5. Bardwal Chungi 59.6 Both 6.000 6. Dhuri 60 Both 25 1.500 7. Benra 66.5 Both 15 0.900 8. Gurudas pura 74.55 Both 20 20 1.200 9. Sangrur 76 Both
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Road) FialRpotVolume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotia-Dhuri-Sangrur e2 - I I li Project Description
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I - I,AI t 1AINA*YTLRA Ul EM-- MAJOR CANAL. 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 ni Fig-2.2: Project Site (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur Road Stretch) Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur 2-2 ! I ' : i Constdltancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 2.2 Salient Features of the Project Road 2.2.1 Road Condition , 'r4 The existing road is a 2-lane configuration without a paved shoulder. It has a blacktopped carriageway of 6.5 m to 7.0 m. There are 9 minor bridges and 33 culverts and several junctions along the road. The road alignment is mostly straight and there are no steep gradients. Roadside drains all along the road are choked due to siltation and weed growth - and poor maintenance. Thus, it gets flooded due to inadequate drainage facilities. 2.2.2 Right-of-Way Plate 2.1: Existing Road Condition The existing right of way varies from 21.800 to 39.600 m; which is sufficient for upgradation of existing road. There is some requirement of land acquisition near bridge sites. Annex 2.1 gives the details of ROW of the project road. 2.2.3 Utilities There are some utility services like water supply, 344 electrical lines. 17 transformer poles and 3 telephone cables within the ROW near the town/villages, which will need to be relocated during the widening of the highway. Table 2.2: Summary of Salient Features of Project Road S. Feature Details No. I Existing Chainage 45.000-77.290 2 Length (Kni) 32.290 3 Villages/Towns Malerkotla, Singarha, Basore, Dhuri, Benra, Ladda Kothi, Sangrur 4 Quarries Identified Mubarakpur village in Panchkula, Haryana 5 Rivers Nil 6 Canal/Seasonal Streams Km 47.27, Km 51.445, Km 54.790, Km 57.090, Km 57.790, Km 57.850, Km 59.57, Km 64.78, Km 74.240 I 2.3 Improvement Works The proposed improvement will aim at improving riding quality, and journey speed and reducing traffic congestion on the highway. 2.3.1 Proposed Improvements Work widen to The existing carriageway is 6.7m approx through out the length and it is proposed to 7m-carriageway width 25m-paved shoulder, 1.Om earthen shoulders. Expect at places where works bridge widening of construction of new bridges are proposed the following are the proposed.. Detailed of Proposed Improvement work is given Table 2.3. Table 2.3: Proposed Improvement Work Si Description Applicable Reference Remarks No. (Dimensions in meter) Chainage (km) I Carriageway 7.Om 45.00 to 47.096 Drg. No Length 28.551 Paved Shoulder 2x2.5 47.451 to 50.700 PRBDB/ MAR- Earthen Shoulder 2x 1.0 51.645 to 54.625 SAN/ 54.977 to 57.020 TCS/2/3/R2 Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur 2- 3 Project Description Si Description Applicable No. (Dimensions in meter) Chainage (km) Reference Remarks 58.128 to 59.428 59.729 to 64.585 64.956 to 74.098 74.375 to 77.250 2 Carriageway 2x7.25 47.096 to 47.451 Drg. No Upgradtion to 4-lane Median lx1.50 50.700 to 51.645 PRBDB/ MAR- Length=3.699 km Paved Shoulder 2x2.5m 54.625 to 54.977 SAN/ TCS/1/3/ Additional four lane cross Earthen Shoulder 2xl.0 59.428 to 59.729 R2 section with new 2 lane 74.098 to 74.375 bridge. 3 Carriageway 2x7.25 57.020 to 58.128 Drg. No Upgradartion to 4 lane Median lxl.50 64.595 to 64.956 PRBDB/ MAR- Length Paved Shoulder 2x2.5m SAN/ TCS/3/31 Concentric widening of Earthen Shoulder 2xl1.0 R2 bridges In Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur there are 9 bridges. The proposed works for bridges are detailed in Table 2.4. Table: 2.4: Proposed work for Bridges Si. Location Name of Bridge Length Proposed Action No. (kmn) (in) 1 2.270 Lasara Drain 41.30 New 2-lane additional bridge left 2 6.445 13.66 New 2-lane additional bridge left 3 9.790 13.00 New 2-lane additional bridge left 4 12.090 7.04 Concentric widening 5 12.790 Gharat 8.22 Concentric widening 6 12.850 Kotla Branch Canal 40.82 Concentric widening 7 14.570 Dhuri Drain 16.86 New 2-lane additional bridge right 8 19.780 Sheron Rajwata 18.471 Distric Butary Concentric widening 9 29.240 Barhokha Drain 19.46 New 2-lane additional bridge toward right 2.3.2 HorizontalAlignment Extra widening of carriageway has been proposed at locations of sharp horizontal curves to provide for safe passage of vehicles throughout the except location at four locations. These four locations are in heavy built-up area of Malerkotla and Dhuri where the design speed of 80 km/ph could not be maintained. The Details of curves which are not catered for the design speed of 80 km/h are given here under Table 2.5. Table 2.5: Details of Horizontal Alignment, which could not be improved No. Design Chainage (km) Radius (m) Remarks 1. 45+266 70 Malerkotla Built up area 2. 61+383 90 Dhuri Built up area 3. 63+072 100 Dhuri Built up area Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur Road) 2 -4 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project No. Design Chainage (km) Radius (m) Remarks 4. 64+905 90 Dhuri Built up area Speed has also been reduced to 60 km/hour, as it is not possible to introduce a vertical curve between two existing bridges at km 57.790 and km 57.850, due to closeness of the bridges and difference of level between the two bridges. Details of Junction Rotary, and Intersection Improvement location is shown in Table 2.6. Table 2.6: Junction, Rotary, and Intersection Improvement Location Sl. No. Description Location Drawing No 45.00 PRBDB/ MAR-SAN/ MAY-JUN/l/5/RI 45.955 PRBDB/ MAR-SAN/ MAY-JUN/2/5/R1 I Junction 61.400 PRBDB/ MAR-SAN/ MAY-JUN/3/5/RI 63.950 - PRBDB/ MAR-SAN/ MAY-JUN/4/5/RI 2 Rotary 77.249 PRBDB/ MAR-SAN/ MAY-JUN/5/5/RI 3 T Intersection 47.290 PRBDB/ APPLICABLE- Jun/l/ RI 51.590 51.980 52.700 53.500 54.350 54.650 55.080 55.760 61.050 63.400 70.450 70.650 74.900 76.300 76.580 X intersection 46.080 PRBDB/ APPLICABLE- Jun/I/ RI 57.810 59.350 62.900 72.280 Y intersection 45.300 PRBDB/ APPLICABLE- Jun/I/ Ri 48.350 52.190 57.700 60.550 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur Road) 2-5 ProjectDescription Sl. No. Description Location Drawing No 64.900 67.500 67.900 68.450 73 .950 2.3.4 Pavement For new construction, flexible pavement has been designed as per IRC: 37-2001 design guidelines. For design of bituminous overlay, IRC: 81 - 1997 guidelines using Benkelman Beam Deflection (BBD) technique together with the structural evaluation of the existing pavement in terms of its Structural Number (SN), has been used. 4-Lane Section between Km 57.020 and Km 58.128 Design Life 15 years Design Traffic 20 msa 2.3.5 Shoulders Paved shoulders of 2.5 m width with 1.0 m wide earthen shoulders are proposed to be constructed to facilitate the movement of local agricultural and non motorized traffic, besides serving the parking of vehicles during any emergency or break down. The paved shoulders will be composed of two coat Surface Dressing over WIvIM (thicknesses matching respectively the BC and DBM layers provided for the main carriageway) and underlying GSB material. 2.3.6 Culverts The following works have been proposed for Culverts. Table 2.7: Proposed Culverts Sl N Retention with Replacement of Replacement by two hume Total . o. widening (Nos) Slabs (Nos) pipes of 900 mm dia (Nos) (Nos) 1 28 2 2 32 2.3.7 VerticalAlignment The vertical alignment has been improved for a smooth longitudinal profile consistent with overtaking sight distance, longitudinal profile has been co-ordinated with horizontal alignment from the pointed of traffic safety locations where provision of overtaking sight distance involve large amount of raising intermediate sight distance have been adopted. The profile has been raised at following locations Culvert at km 59.212 where 0.2m and Road level have raised profile is 0.5m above the ground level Approaches to additional new 2 lane bridges where approaches have been raised by 0.5m to 0.6m and Road level is 0.7m to 1.0 m above the ground level. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur Road) 2 -6 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 2.3.8 Road Safety Measures Detailed of Road Safety Measures is given Table 2.8. Table 2.8: Road Safety Measure SI. No. Description Nos. 1 Raised Pedestrian crossing 6 2 Intersection Signs 152 3 Sign on Side Road 170 4 School Sings 6 5 Place Identifications 18 Final Report Volume IV-B: Envirornment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur Road) 2-7 3333 (C !i0 0 0 0 i o B -i >9gom I7 Ll 9 B0l ~~~c> z o O, C C 0 ', > Z: w S 0 'C > , , - m m ------m- m - m - - Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project 14000 ROADWAY- MKKW J T __EM__N____7___EMPROPOSED CARRAGEWAY -PAVEDO0D0RSHUE- SLOENT PAYo SHOULDER 6000 T0 7000 68ExrsTNGC OaRVCEWAY 5 35 2.5X 2.5X%% A- --AmE- m SRFACE DRESG (T OAT) (TWOCOAT)4 0SC 40mm SJRFACEDRESSING MM10IW m - D DOW WM1W 230 SUB-BASEAND DRAINAC (cSD) POC 230 SU1-SASE AND DRANA0E(CSE) 1 0EXISTIPAVEMENlT NOTES:- APPLICABLE CHAINAGES :- 1. ALL DIMENSION ARE IN mm. 1. Km 45.000 TO Km. 47.096 ACRONYUS:- 2. Km 47.451 TO Km. 50.700 BCR 1YUSINOUS CONCRETE 3. Km 51.645 TO Km. 54.625 4. Km 54.977 TO Km. 57.020 DBST DOIJBLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT 5 Km 58.128 TO Km. 59.428 SDBC: SEMI DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE 6. Km 59.729 TO Km. 64595 DBM DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM 74.098 7 Km 64.956 TO Km. C LE CORRECTIVE COURSE . Km 74R375TO Km. 77.250 WMM WRETMIX MACADAM GSB GRANULAR SUBBASE Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur 2-9 Project Description 210800 t000 2507250 | 7250 8 904008000H000 25D0 0XD C4AR80(WAY PROPOSED50C800838R005400Y 6500-720D EXIS1.40r EWAtAY l--;<..r: SURFACg DRES9BNC(2 COIAT DC 4- DC -O- SIJRFACE DEStC (2 ODAT) WU OSM5 -6 W fU85 om 4a0 SUJB-BASEAN DRAINAGE(GSB) -8 20 - SDD -M 250 n80 AE 230 S08-fASE ANtDDR-AGEn SIRl-BA0 ANDD0AINAGE (08) (0S8) 230 SUBBA-E58AD4 08SW0S ACE (08) -A SDDSUlGRAIIE 0SD5UflCADE NOTES:- 1. ALL DIMENSIONARE IN OsM. APPLICABLE CRAINAGES ACRONYMS:- SC BITUMINOUSCONCRETE Km 57.020 to Km 58.128 DBM DENSEBITUMINOUJS MACADAM PCC Km 64.595 to Km 64.956 PROFILECORRECTIVE COURSE wMM WETMIX MACADAM GSB GRANULARSU8BASE Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur Road) 2 - 10 I I I I Policy, Legal and I Administrative Framework3 I I I I I I II I l I I I I l l Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studiesfor Package II (Phase I) for PunjabState Road Sector Project 3. POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Environmental Policy Framework India has elaborate policies, statutes and regulations and as the Indian Constitution provides for a federal structure within the parliamentary form of govermment, the powers of declaring policies on many issues particularly in the environment, bio-diversity, and natural resources are shared by the Central and the State Government. Implementation of policies, legislation and the regulatory framework however primarily devolves on the States. Preparation of EIA touches upon a variety of issues as the exercise involves taking stock of bio-physical, social and cultural resources of the project area of influence. It would therefore be logical to deal with the policy and legal framework touching upon these issues. 3.1.1 International treaties and Conventions binding on GOI Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971 This is an inter-govermmental treaty ratified by India in general and keeping in view the protection of wildfowl habitats in particular. India has identified a network of Ramsar wetlands and of these three sites namely Lake Harike, Kanjli and Ropar are located in Punjab. These wetlands being located in the districts like Kapurthala, Amritsar, Firojepur, and Ropar the present project is not going to have any impact on these wetlands. Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 Commonly known as the Bio-diversity Treaty, this is one of the treaties that was open for signature at UNCED, 1992. India is a signatory of the treaty. Parties to the treaty solemnly affirm sovereign rights over their biological sources, while accepting responsibility for conserving biological diversity and using biological resources in a sustainable manner. India has been pursuing a policy of conservation of its biodiversity through creation of a protected area network of national parks, sanctuaries, tiger reserves, biosphere reserves and community reserves. The area of influence of the project is not particularly rich in bio-diversity and as such the project execution will not impinge on any provision of the treaty. UN Millennium Development Goals The eight millennium development goals which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of FIIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 - form a blue print agreed to by all the World's countries and all the world's leading development institutions. Ensuring environmental sustainability is also an identified goal. Execution of the project under the guidance of an appropriately drawn up ELA will not be in contradiction to the declared development goals. Rather it will in conformity the goal of ensuring sustainability. It will also meet the goal of poverty alleviation of local economically disadvantaged communities through opening up opportunities for employment during the period of project execution. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna This is an international agreement to which countries adhere voluntarily. CITES is legally binding on the parties but it does not take the place of national law. India is respectful of the framework and has adopted its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level. The project Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-1 Policy, Legal and InstitutionalFramework location does not have flora and fauna that could be traded internationally. There are mechanisms in place in the state to control such trade if this route is used for trade in rare and endangered species found elsewhere in the state or adjoining States. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972 This convention came into force in 1975. India being a party to this Convention has committed itself to ensure identification, protection conservation and presentation and rehabilitation of world heritage properties. The project area of influence does not have any world heritage site and as such there is no cause for damages to such properties during execution. 3.1.2 National EnvironmentalPolicy Framework • National ForestPolicy, 1988 This policy replaced the 1952 Forest Policy and has been structured to meet the conservation needs in this sector. The policy stresses more on the role of forestry to maintenance of environmental balance and this is a shift from earlier policy's focus on commercial exploitation. People's involvement in afforestation, maintaining a harmonious forest- tribal interface, and making wood-based industries responsible for growing their raw-material by roping in farmers' participation to grow trees on different agro-forestry models are distinctive features of this policy. Extending tree cover beyond the conventional boundaries of the forest to achieve 33% of forest cover has been an important component of the policy. This policy is relevant to the project area as strip plantations have been raised along the road under the social forestry program taken up under the policy guidelines. * National Water Policy, 2002 National Water Policy 1987 has been updated through the present policy. This policy recognizes water as a scarce and precious national resource to be planned, developed, conserved and managed as such and on integrated and environmentally sound basis. This talks of non-conventional as well as traditional methods of harvesting and conservation. The issues of groundwater development, drinking water, irrigation and participatory approach of water resource management have been adequately dealt with in the policy. It also identifies the need for monitoring the water quality of surface and ground water. As far as the present project execution is concerned, the water resources are not likely to be impacted appreciably. The implementation of suggested mitigation measure will ensure minimal pollution of water resources temporarily. Adequate provision has been built into EMP for monitoring of water quality both during the construction and operation phase. * National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitationfor ProjectAffected Families, 2003 Issues relating to Resettlement and Rehabilitation have been addressed in the past decade by several State Governments. The present national policy drew from many of these experiences including the recommendations of the Hanumanth Rao Committee, which was constituted by the Ministry of Power to look into rehabilitation of the affected people in the Tehri Project. The NPRR stipulated the minimum facilities and compensation to be ensured for the Resettlement and Rehabilitation of persons displaced due to acquisition of land for public purposes. It laid down R&R to be the joint responsibility of the State Government and the Project Implementing Authority. This set up grievance and monitoring mechanism at the level of the State and the Central Government. This also addressed the rights of not only titleholders but also tenants, share croppers and landless agriculture labourers including ensuring Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-2 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project compensation for these groups and support based on minimum agricultural wage. As far as this project is concerned, the Resettlement Action Plan drawn up has adequately addressed the issues of Resettlement and Rehabilitation involved. . National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992 This is a very comprehensive policy statement that classifies environmental problems plaguing the country into two broad classes; the one arising as negative effects of the very process of development and the other arising from conditions of poverty and underdevelopment. The policy statement elaborates the legal and institutional framework in place and the constraints in dealing with the problem of environmental degradation. It also has identified priorities and strategies for action in a variety of sectors like population control, conservation of natural resources, bio-diversity, biomass etc. It also underlines development policies that need to be followed in different sectors from environmental perspectives. As far as the transportation sector is concerned, the policy talks about improvement in traffic flow through proper maintenance of roads and strict enforcement of prescribed standards. This stresses on enforcement of prescribed emission standards for vehicular traffic both at the manufacturer and user level. This project being a part of larger project in road development sector will contribute to the smooth traffic flow. . Wildlife Conservation Strategy, 2002 The strategy appreciates that wildlife conservation is too important task to be treated lightly or ritualistically. This speaks about stricter law enforcement and quick disposal of cases through conviction of the offenders. While stressing on the management of protected areas through forest officers trained in wildlife management, it also highlights that the interests of the poor and tribals need be handled with sensitivity. No diversion of forest land for non- forest purposes from critical and ecologically fragile wildlife habitat was specifically recommended in this strategy. The project impacted area does not have any representation of critical or ecologically fragile habitat. Bir Aishban Wildlife Sanctuary which is located in the area of influence does not harbour any endangered or rare species of flora and fauna and this habitat does not come under the connotation of critical or ecologically fragile wildlife habitat. I NationalEnvironment Policy, 2004 The policy has been prepared through a process of extensive consultation with experts as well as diverse stakeholders. This policy intends to mainstream environmental concerns in all developmental activities. It briefly describes the key environmental challenges currently and prospectively facing the country, the objectives of the environment policy, normative principles underlying policy action, strategic themes for intervention, broad indications of the legislative institutional development needed to accomplish the strategic themes and mechanisms for implementation and review. It underlines the need for conservation of critical environmental resources and integration environmental concerns into economic and social development. While placing human beings at the center of sustainable development concerns, it says in the precautionary approach principle that where there are credible threats of serious or irreversible damage to key environmental resources, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. The exercise of drawal of EIA and EMP has taken note of this precautionary principle and incorporated mitigation and monitoring measures for different environmental parameters. Final Report Volume IV-B: Enviromnent Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-3 Policy, Legal and InstitutionalFramework 3.2 The Legal Framework The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 This enactment was brought in to put a stop to indiscriminate diversion of forest land for a multitude of development processes. This act makes it mandatory for a requiring department/ institution/ organization to obtain prior approval of the Central Government for use of forestland for non-forestry purpose. .Forest (Conservation ) Rules made under the Act have detailed the procedure for obtaining such approval. 1988 amendment of the Act provided for penalty for violations of the provisions of this act as there was a propensity amongst different State Government Departments not to take the intention of the enactment seriously. In the present project the strip plantations on both sides of the road having been declared as protected forests by the State Government under the provisions of the Indian (Forest) act, 1927 the proponent organization has to get such lands diverted for non-forestry purpose before this land can be used for the purpose of the road improvement. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Environment Impact Assessment Notifcation,1994 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was enacted in the aftermath of Bhopal Gas tragedy. It takes a comprehensive definition of the environment and arms the Central Government with extensive powers to take all measures as it deems necessary or expedient for the purpose of protecting and improving quality of environment and preventing, controlling and abating industrial pollution. The EPA thus prima facie is an umbrella legislation. This legislation tilts the balance towards the Central Government as the states can have more (but not less) stringent standards than the former. The Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 specifies the requirements and procedures for seeking environmental clearance of projects. Schedule I of the notification lists 32 items of projects/ industries which will require environmental clearance. Schedule II describes procedures for submission of application form for clearance. Schedule Im and IV deal with composition of the expert committee for EIA and procedure for public hearing. to be conducted by State Pollution Control Boards for issuance of no objection certificate for projects requiring environment clearance from the MoEF. * The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 This is a very comprehensive legislation and this was enacted with the objective of controlling poaching and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives . This Act has been amended a number of times - the last arnendment coming in 2003. This deals with hunting of animals, trade or commerce in wild animals, animal articles and trophies, prohibition of trade or commerce in trophies, animal articles derived from certain animals and also the Central Zoo Authority and recognition of Zoos. It also lays down procedures for declaration of sanctuaries and national parks .Bir Aishban Wildlife sanctuary located in the project area of influence has been declared under the provisions of this Act. * The Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 prohibits the discharge of pollutants into water bodies beyond a given standard and lays penalties for non- compliance. There are two kinds of standards - industry-specific standards, which stipulate maximum limits for specific industries and general standards, which specify the maximum levels of different pollution parameters for industries for which no specific standards have been set so far. The responsibility for the enforcement of the Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-4 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Act lies primarily with the State Pollution Control Boards. The Central Pollution Control Board has the mandate of advising the Central Govemment, coordinate the activities of SPCBs and to provide them with technical assistance. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 is similar to the Water Act but it deals with air. The functions of SPCBs are similar in nature as far as enforcement is concemed. Under this Act all industries have to obtain a consent from State Boards to operate within air pollution control areas delineated by the Board. The Ancient Monuments andArchaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 In order to bring the 1951 Act on par with the constitutional provisions and providing better and effective preservation to the archaeological wealth of the country, the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act was enacted in 1958. This act provides for preservation of ancient and historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance, for the regulation of archaeological excavations and for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects. The area impacted by the project road does not have any monuments and sites identified under this act. The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 The Act has been amended a number of times. It deals with a large number of issues related to the transportation sector. It has provisions for registration of vehicles, licensing and insurance and control of transport vehicles. Licensing of drivers and conductors of stage carriages also come under the purview of this act.. A complete chapter has been allocated for control of traffic and safety measures. The provisions of this chapter are in particular relevant in a scenario of speeding traffic with rehabilitation and upgradation of roads. 3.3 Institutional Framework 3.3.1 Institutional Framework for the Project Punjab Roads & Bridges Development Board This Board has been constituted by the Punjab Act no.22 of 1998 as an undertaking of the State Government to act as a catalyst for infrastructure development in the road sector in the State of Punjab. This is to act as a nodal agency to plan, and monitor all aspects relating to construction of roads and bridges, in the State. This board has been made responsible for planning and deployment of funds on State roads, fiscal management, project management, interdepartmental coordination and the other key areas. The Board of Directors has 9 members and is headed by the Chairman. The Executive Committee of the Board has 7 members and is headed by a Chairman. Amongst many other functions allocated to the Board the function of promoting efficiency and cost-effectiveness in development, construction, repair, renovation, rehabilitation, improvement, expansion, alteration, replacement, operation and maintenace of roads and bridges in the state is relevant to the present project. The Member Secretary of the Board is also the Chairman of the Project Steering Committee of the World Bank Aided Punjab State Road Sector Project. 3.3.2 Institutional Setting in the Environmental Context Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) MoEF is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the Central Government for the planning, promotion and coordination of environmental and forestry programmes. The main activities of the ministry are the conservation, survey of fauna and flora, forests and wildlife. Afforestation, regeneration, protection of the Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-5 Policy, Legal and InstitutionalFramework environment, prevention and control of pollution also come under the jurisdiction of the ministry. Broadly MoEF is organized along divisions that look after various functions. These divisions come within the purview of either the Secretary, Environment and Forests or the Director General of Forests of the rank of the Special Secretary. The former also looks after the National River Conservation Directorate and the National Afforestation and Eco-development Board. Under each of these officers, there are a number of subordinate offices like the Botanical Survey of India, Zoological Survey of India, Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Central Pollution Control Board, Indian Institute of Forest Management etc. This ministry is also responsible for issue of environment clearances for the projects mentioned under Schedule I of the EIA notification, 1994. MoEF Regional Offices Regional Offices have been set up in different regions of the country. These are located at Chandigarh (North Zone), Lucknow (Central Zone), Shillong (North East Zone ), Bhubaneswar ( East Zone ), Bangalore (South Zone), Ranchi ( Eastern Plateau or Upper East ) and Bhopal ( West Zone ). These offices were initially created to help the ministry in processing proposals of forest diversion for non-forest purpose and monitoring such proposals with reference to the conditions under which such clearances were granted. Regional Offices have also been delegated certain powers to approve some diversion proposals. These offices also help the ministry in monitoring development activities in the forestry and wildlife sector under centrally sponsored programs in the states. • CentralPollution ControlBoard (CPCB) CPCB was created in 1974 to control water pollution; its mandate was extended to include air pollution in 1981 when it was put under the control of the MoEF. Its responsibilities were further expanded by the 1986 Environment Protection Act, the 1989 Hazardous Waste Rules and the 1991 Public Liability Insurance Act. CPCB coordinates the activities of the State Boards and serves as the State Board for centrally administered territories. It compiles and publishes data on air and water pollution and also lays down ambient standards for air and water as well as emission standards for these media. The Board is headed by a full-time Chairman and he is assisted by a full-time Member Secretary. • State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) State Pollution Control Boards have been set up in all the states to carry out work in areas similar to those of the CPCB within the state jurisdiction. They establish emission standards for local industries based on minimum national standards and issue consent orders allowing discharge of industrial pollutants to air and water. They also issue no objection certificate allowing industries or projects to develop a site after conducting public hearing. Compliance monitoring with discharge consents is lso a specified responsibility of this organization. * Departments of Environment and Forests Every state has a Department looking after the subjects of environment and forests. In some of the States these subjects are looked after by the same Department. The responsibilities devolve around conservation and development of forests and wildlife, protection and improvement of the environment. Harvesting and marketing of timber and other forest produce also is a responsibility allocated to this department. All proposals on diversion of forests for non-forest purpose are processed by this department under procedures/ guidelines of the MoEF. This department is also responsible for carrying out compensatory afforestation against approved cases of Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-6 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studies for PackageII (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project forest diversion under the guidelines of the MoEF. This organization also enforces all related legislations in the field of forestry, wildlife and environment. 3.3.3 Environment Clearance Requirements GoI Requirements ETA notification of 27th January, 1994 as amended till date specifies Highway Projects under item 21 of Schedule I. The item is qualified as below: "Highway projects except projects relating to improvement work including widening and strengthening of roads with marginal land acquisition along the existing road alignment provided it does not pass through sensitive areas such as national parks, sanctuaries, tiger reserves and reserved forests " Marginal land acquisition in this context has been defined as land acquisition not exceeding a total width of 20m on either side of the existing alignment put together. In the present case of Malerkota- Sangrur road the proposal is to rehabilitate the road and upgrade the same from single lane to intermediate lane and intermediate lane to double lane. Only on approaches to bridges the road in small stretches the road has been proposed to be widened to 4-lanes. There is minimal land acquisition and the road does not pass through any sensitive areas. The stretch of protected forests on both sides of the road does not come under the connotation of sensitive areas. It is, therefore, abundantly clear that this project will not require an environmental clearance from the MoEF, GOI under the provisions of the ETA notification. Strip plantations along both sides of the road have been declared as protected forests under the provisions of the Indian (Forest) Act, 1927. This stretch of protected forests has to be diverted for non-forestry purpose for upgradation of the road. Diversion of this patch of forests to be used by the project will require prior approval of the MoEF, Gol. For this purpose, the proponent organization has to submit a proposal in the prescribed proforma to the Regional Office of the MoEF at Chandigarh. The Regional Office is competent to finally dispose of all such proposals irrespective of the area. While issuing such approval the Regional Office will stipulate a condition that for every tree cut at least two trees are to be planted. As no environment clearance from MoEF, GOI is required for the project, there is no requirement for the SPCB to conduct public hearing for issue of no objection certificate. Under the provisions of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 permission for withdrawal of ground water is required to be obtained from the Central Ground Water Board. Clearance Requirementsfor Project Execution In addition to clearances from the GOI, some clearances will be required from different State Government Authorities for taking up project execution through the appointed contractor and these are tabulated below: NSo. Activity Statutory Authority Relevant Statute I Permission for sand mining Punjab Irrigation Environment Protection from river bed Department Act, 1986 2 Setting of hot mix plants, Punjab State Pollution Air (Prevention and crushers and batching Control Board Control of Pollution) Act, plants 1981 and the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-7 Policy, Legal and InstitutionalFramework SO. Activity Statutory Authority Relevant Statute 3 Establishment of workers Punjab State Pollution Environment Protection camp, equipment and Control Board Act, 1986 and storage yards Manufacturing, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 4 Storage, handling and Punjab State Pollution Hazardous Waste transport of hazardous Control Board (Management and materials handling) Rules, 1989 and Manufacturing, storage and Import of Hazardous chemical Rules, 1989 5 Waste water discharge Punjab State Pollution Water (Prevention and from labour camps Control Board Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 6 Disposal of bituminous Local Civil Body to Hazardous Waste wastes identify solid waste (Management and disposal sites Handling) Rules, 1989 7 Opening up new quarries Department of Mining, Environment(Protection) Govt. of Punjab Act, 1986 World Bank Requirements As per Operational Policies of the World Bank (OP 4.01) environrmental screening was carried out. The project has been categorized as Category B. The EIA drawn up identifies negative and positive environmental impacts and has recommended measures to minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts. Project affected people and their groups have been consulted and prior to such consultation, the material for such consultation was provided to the groups as per policy guidelines. The project has strip plantation of trees on both sides of the road which has been declared as protected forests by the State Government. The loss oh the tree cover has been proposed to be adequately compensated in terms of the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 as alluded to earlier .As such Bank's Operational Policies on Forests(OP 4.32 ) will not be infringed upon in any manner. There will be relocation of few families in this project. Such families have been consulted and adequate compensation packages have been provided in the resettlement action plan. While drawing up the package the Bank's Operational Policy (OP4.12) on Involuntary Settlement have been kept in view. The project corridor does not have any indigenous people or natural habitat and as such Bank's Operational Policies OP 4.10 and 4.04 on these issues will not become operative in this project. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 3-8 I I I Description of the Enviornment I4 I I Ul l 1 I I I lI _ _ _ _ I I Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT As a precursor for the prediction of various types of environmental impacts likely to arise due to the implementation of this project, it is essential to establish the baseline environmental status of the physical, natural and socio cultural environment parameters along the project roads and within corridor of influence. This chapter presents the existing baseline status of the project influence area. The data has been collected from various secondary sources and the field survey within Proposed ROW and within the CoI i.e. 7 km on either side from the centerline of the road by the environmental team. The baseline data has been presented at the Macro and the Micro level in the succeeding paragraphs. The Macro level baseline represents data within 7km on either side of road and Micro level represents description of baseline in the direct influence area of the project roads i.e. Within Right of Way. 4.1 Macro Level Baseline 4.1.1 Physical Environment Meteorology Regional meteorological conditions and the project corridor air basin is of high significance in road development projects because transportation and diffusion of all ambient air pollutants generated during project implementation and/or operational phase once they are air borne are governed by local meteorological conditions. The data is used for measuring the capacity for dispersion and diffusion of pollutants during the construction and operation stages of project. This data also plays a vital role in locating hot mix plants/ Batch Mix Plant to offset any impact on sensitive receptors. The meteorological data also helps in prediction using different models. Climate There are three major climatic regions of Punjab, Arid and Semi Arid region and Hot region, Semi Arid and less Hot region and Sub Humid to Humid and less Hot region. The precipitation varies from 300mm to 1000mm. During monsoon the region receives 70% of its rains. April, May and June are the hottest months with the average temperature varying between 330C to 350C while January is the coldest month of this area with both day and night cold. The mean winter temperature varies between I 1°C and 13°C. Main seasons in the Punjab state are: Hot season (mid-April to the end of June) Rainy season (early July to the end of September) * Cold season (early December to the end of February) The transitional seasons are: * Autumn- the post-monsoon from October to end of November. 5Spring- the pre-hot season from March to mid- April. a) Temperature The variation in temperature from month to month is very high. Ground frost is a common phenomena in mid-winter and very high temperatures are experienced in May and June. The temperature varies between 2.4°C in winter (January) to 44.4 0C during summer (June). Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 4-1 Description of The Environment The monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures as well as monthly highest and lowest temperatures are given in Table 4.1. Table 4.1: Monthly Average Temperatures Details Temperature (Deg C) Months 08.30 1730 Avg. A M. Highest in the Lowest in Hours Hours Max vg. Mn Month the Month January 8.5 17.30 19.9 6.5 24.2 2.4 February 11.90 20.90 23.0 9.0 28.5 4.3 March 17.80 26.40 28.6 13.6 34.1 8.6 April 25.20 33.40 35.3 19.1 40.4 13.6 May 30.20 38.00 39.2 23.4 43.9 18.6 June 31.90 38.60 39.4 26.4 44.4 21.2 July 29.40 33.40 34.8 23.2 40.1 22.5 August 28.30 31.60 33.2 25.4 37.2 22.7 September 27.10 32.20 33.8 23.7 36.8 20.1 October 23.10 29.90 32.4 17.7 35.5 12.9 November 15.50 23.20 27.7 10.8 31.2 6.3 December 9.80 18.20 22.1 7.0 26.2 3.1 Source: ClimatologicalTable 1950-1980, IMD, Ludhiana b) Humidity The nature and Characteristics of pollutants will vary with change of the humidity in the atmosphere. Fog provides possibility for suspended particles to coalesce and also enhances chemical reaction of the gaseous pollutants. The details of the relative humidity of monthly variations recorded at 08.30 AM and 05.30 PM for Ludhiana is given in table 4.2. Relative humidity varies between low to moderate values i.e. 9.3% to 81%. January, February, July, August and September months are humid and March, April, May and June months are driest months in a year. Table 4.2: Monthly Average Range of Relative Humidity in % age S. Month 0830 1730 No hours hours 1 January 84 57 2 February 76 48 3 March 67 42 4 April 51 31 5 May 41 26 6 June 53 35 7 July 76 61 8 August 82 68 9 September 76 57 10 October 60 49 11 November 71 50 12 December 82 60 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 -2 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for PackageII (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project c) Rainfall The major part of the rainfall is experienced during the monsoon period when the current in the Bay of Bengal enters from the South West. The amount of rainfall in the Punjab ranges between 250 mm to 1000mm. Seventy to eighty percent of the total rainfall occurs during the four months of southwest monsoon winds and the rest comes during the winter months. The Rainfall data was collected for the study area (see Table 4.3), which shows that peak period for rainfall is from July to September. The rainfall data for Malerkotla, Dhuri and Sangrur, major settlements along the road, was collected from Agriculture Department, Sangrur. This data clearly shows that Sangrur receives much higher annual average rainfall in comparision to Malerkotla and Dhuri. Table 4.3: Year Wise Rainfall of the Study Area Rainfall in previous year (mm) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Sangrur - - - 442.2 807.9 62 5.1 Dhuri 330 560 264 265 399.5 363.7 Malerkotla 293 220 390 411 416.8 346.2 Source: Agriculture Department, Sangrur d) Wind Wind speed and wind directions have a significant role on dispersion of atmospheric pollutants and therefore, the ambient air quality of the area. Ground level concentrations for the pollutants are inversely proportional to the wind speed in the downwind direction, while in upwind direction no effect will be observed and in crosswind directions partial effect due to emission sources is observed. Winds are generally light but do gain some strength during the late summer and early part of the monsoon season. In the southwest monsoon season winds from easterly and southeasterly directions are more common with northwesterly blowing on some days. In the post-monsoon and winter seasons, the predominant wind direction is northwesterly. In the summer, winds are generally from northwesterly direction but on some day they blow from southeast. Monthly Average wind Speed in Kmph at Ludhiana is given below in Table 4.4 Table 4.4: Monthly Average Wind Speed in Kmph No Month Wind Speed S. (kmph) 1 January 2.8 2 February 3.6 3 March 4.2 4 April 4.2 5 May 4.6 6 June 5.0 7 July 4.3 8 August 3.3 9 September 2.8 10 October 2.4 11 November 2.0 12 December 2.3 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4-3 Description of The Environment Annual wind rose diagrams depiciting mean wind speeds and directions for the period 1955- 1980 , are presented in Annexure 4.1 for Ludhiana. The following observations can be made from the wind rose diagrams and wind data of the entire project. * March to July are windiest month * October - November months are the calmest months with low wind speed conditions * Most predominant wind direction is North - West in the from March to May. 4.1.2 Physical Setting The project road traverses entirely through the plain terrain and Protected Forests. The road passes through Sangrur district of Punjab state - - . - (Latitude 30.12 N & 75.53 E), having an area of , - 5021 sq. km. and population of 1685449 lakhs, as per 1991 census. The project road takes off at km 45 of Malerkotla and it passes through the settlement of Singarha, Basore, Dhuri, Benra, and Ladda Kothi and Sangrur, covering a length of 32.29 km. Plate 4.1: Project Road Topography The topography of the project area is slightly undulating with altitude ranging from 238 m to 241 m above MSL between the stretch of Malerkotla to Dhuri and 229 m to 235 m between Dhuri to Sangrur. The aquifer is unconfined with the depth of water table ranging between 30 to 40 m below ground level during the pre Monsoon season and 20 to 25 mbgl during the Post Monsoon Season. 4.1.3 Geology Punjab plain is a part of the great Indo-Gangetic plain that is synclinal basin formed by the elevation of the Himalayas. One group of geologists assumes this area to be a fore deep formed in front of the stable peninsular India at a time when the Tethyan sediments were thrust southwards and compressed against that stable block. Another group of geologists assumes the Indo-Gangetic plain to be the site of a rift valley. However, both the viewpoints lead to the same conclusion. The depression began to be formed in upper Eocene and reached the maximum during the third upheaval of Himalayas in Mid Eocene. Since then it has gradually been filled up with sediments drained down from the Himalayas. The project area also falls under the Moderate Damage Risk Zone (MSK VI) as per Earthquake Hazard Map'. 4.1.4 Soil Soil is the most important natural resource of Punjab. The Punjab plain lies in the Indo- Gangetic drainage system, and is formed by the deposition of alluvium brought down from the Himalayas. The soils of Punjab show three stages of soil development beginning with entisol and ending with alfisol. The soils that belong to the initial stage are entisol and lacks profile development. The soil of the second stage is termed as aridsol. These soils show well-developed structures and leaching of carbonates to lower depths. The Source: Vulnerability atlas Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 -4 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I)for PunjabState Road Sector Project third stage soil shows complete leaching of carbonates from the soil and formation of argillic horizon. This soil is termed as alfisol. Punjab soils are relatively young and most of the minerals presents in these soils owe their origin to break-down of rocks in Himalayas. Punjab soils have been divided in five major zones namely * Soils of Arid South-Western Zone I Soils of Semi-arid Central Plain Zone * Soils of Eastern Zone 3Soils of Lower Kandi Sub-Zone * Soils of Sub-Humid Upper Kandi Zone. The soil testing results for parameters relevant for cultivation of crops along the project road have been discussed in detail at the Micro level. 4.1.5 Water Resources Regional Drainage Drainage of Punjab is part of the eastern component of the Indus Drainage System. The discharge of the state flows through South West in response to the general slope of the land. The main hydrological features along the project roads are the rivers and irrigation canals. The drainage system of the state consists of various rivers and tributaries of the Indus Valley System. The major rivers in the state are Satluj in central Punjab, Beas and Ravi in northern Punjab and Ghaggar in Southeastern Punjab. The state has the best irrigation facilities in the country with about 80% of the land irrigated by canals, wells and tube wells. There are lakes and wetlands in Punjab, which have great ecological value, however project road does not pass through any such wetland resource. 4.1.6 Ecological Resources The total forestland is about 6.12% of the total land area of Punjab, out of which 0.9% is reserve forest, 2.28% protected (including strips along roads, railways and canals) and 3.75% unclassed and private forests. Fig-4.1 depicts the forest details and Fig-4.2 shows the forest cover of Punjab. I RmUeserve f orest U Rotected forest 0 Licllassed or Ptivateforest Fig-4.1: Type of Forest Cover for Punjab There are 11 wildlife sanctuaries, most of them located in the Patiala district, 3 internationally important Ramsar sites and 8 State wetlands in Punjab. Harike wildlife sanctuary is an internationally important Ramsar site. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 -5 I i Description of The Environment Fig-4.2: Forest Cover Map 11 As can be observed in the map, the reserve forests are confined to the northern hilly tracts of Rupanagar district near Nangal. The Sangrur district from which the project road passes through does not entail any of the reserve forests. 4.1.7 Cultural Properties Kos Minars are the only archaelogical properties that exists in 7km on either side of road. The Kos Minars are the milestone made by the Mughal emperors between 1556 to 1787 A.D. "Kos" literally means a medieval measurement of distance denoting approximately 3 km and "Minar" is a Persian word footover. The Kos Minar measures over 30 feet and were erected by the Mughal' s marking their royal route. The Kos Minar is a solid round pillar that stands on a masonry platform built with bricks and plasters over with time. The Kos Minars proved critical in the governance, as there was a horse, a rider, a drummer posted at every Kos Minar and royal messages were relayed back. Forth with great speeds. Some historians believed that the Kos Minars were principally made to facilitate transportation and not communications. 4.1.8 Demographic, Social and Socio-Economic Profile The succeding paragraphs outlines the demographic, social and the socio economic profile of the Punjab state and the details relavant to the Sangrur district. a) Population Punjab has a population of 24,358,999 with approximately 482-persons/ sq km density of population. There is a significant variation in the density of population among different districts. The density of population in the project districts varies between 330-742 persons/sq km. Table 4.5 gives the district wise details. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 -6 I I !Ii I i Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Table 4.5: District wise Area, Population, and Density per Sq. Km Population Statistics Population SI. PoetPopulation No. Project District Total No. of Males No. of Females Sex Density Population Ratio (Persons/ _ _ _ _ _kM2) 1 Gurdaspur 2,104,011 1,113,077 990,934 890 588 2 Amritsar 3,096,077 1,650,589 1,445,488 876 603 3 Kapurthala 754,521 399,623 354,898 888 461 4 Jalandhar 1,962,700 1,040,177 922,523 887 742 5 Hoshiarpur 1,480,736 765,132 715,604 935 439 6 Nawanshahr 587,468 306,902 280,566 914 463 7 Rupnagar 1,116,108 596,582 519,526 871 540 8 Fatehgarh Sahib 538,041 290,137 247,904 854 457 9 Ludhiana 3,032,831 1,662,716 1,370,115 824 805 10 Moga 894,854 474,139 420,715 887 400 11 Firozpur 1,746,107 926,224 819,883 885 330 12 Muktsar 777,493 411,217 366,276 891 300 13 Faridkot 550,892 292,596 258,296 883 380 14 Bathinda 1,183,295 632,809 550,486 870 360 15 Mansa 688,758 366,446 322,312 880 315 U------17 Patiala 1,844,934 987,390 857,544 868 510 Punjab State 24,358,999 12,985,045 11,373,954 876 482 Source: Census of India 2001 b) Sex Ratio Sex ratio is a sensitive indicator of the status of women in society, at a given point of time. India's low sex ratio of 933 females per 1000 males in the current census 2001 reveals a continuing imbalance in gender relations. Sex ratio in Punjab is even worse at 876 females per 1000 males (as shown in Table 4.5). Sangrur district also has a low sex ratio of 871 only. The main reason for the lower sex ratio is attributed to female infanticide and child neglect c) Literacy level Literacy is an important indicator in showing the status of social development. The literacy rate in Punjab is 69.7% as compared to Indian average of 54.51% in 2001 census. There are approximately 10 educational institutes, which are located on the Malerkotla- Dhuri-Sangrur stretch. d) Economic features The overall economy of Punjab has exhibited substantial growth. The overall growth rate of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at Constant (1993-94) prices has increased to 5.30% in 2003-04 as compared to 1.38 % in 2002-03. The acceleration in the growth of the economy in the year 2003-04 is attributed to a sizeable increase in production of main agricultural crops. Thus 85% of the land in Punjab is used for agriculture purposes. Agriculture is the key to the overall development of the State economy, which contributed as much as 25.3 % of Gross State Domestic product at constant prices (1993-94) during 2003-2004. Approximately 39% of the work force is employed in this sector. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4-7 Description of The Environment 4.2 Micro Level Baseline 4.2.1 Air Quality The air quality of the project road is influenced by emissions from stationary sources like domestic sources from various settlements, stone crushers operating along the roadsides and from mobile sources like the vehicles plying along the road. All these sources contribute to the local air pollution levels. In order to establish the baseline air pollution status, ambient air quality was monitored at the sensitive receptors along the road. Table 4.6 gives the comparative chart of the air quality monitoring results. The air quality monitoring stations were selected depending on the factors like land use so that samples are true representatives of the project site. Samples were collected from three locations namely at km 57.7 at Kotla Hydro Power Project, km 76 at Sangrur and km 76 near the Hospital boundary at the end of the project whereas ambient air quality data were available for other two locations namely Malerkotla (Meeting point of Khanna-Malerkotla Road) and the Sangrur main market. The samples were analysed for pollutants of interest (CO, NOx, S02, SPM and RPM) using the appropriate method prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards and Central Pollution Control Board. Reparable dust samplers/high volume samplers of Envirotech Instruments were used for monitoring suspended particulate matters (SPM), reparable particulate matters (RPM), S02, and NOx Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area Distance NO CO SI. from the Location SPM RPM S02 3 g M g/ Remarks 3 3 No edge of L i g/M ,g/m gg/M 3 m3 road Km 47, Malerkotla I meeting point 406 124 15.1 of Khanna- 26.4 - Residential Malerkotla road Km 76, 2. Sangrur, 721 248 22.4 32.50 - Commercial Main market Km57.7, 0.480 Residential 3. 3m Kotla Hydro 298 120 20 25 power project Km 76.00, 4. 4m Gujit 168 108 4. 4m Gulathi 18 22 Residential Dhaba Km 76, at the Hospital 5 4m Boundary 210 105 21 18 0.600 Sensitive end of the project road. The air quality monitoring results for the first two stations have been done by the Phase I consultants while for the latter three the monitoring and analysis has been conducted by Mantec ConsultantsPvt. Ltd, Noida,28.02.06 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4-8 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Table 4.7: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Si. Parameter Units of Prescribed limits Prescribed Limits No. Measurements (Residential) (Sensitive) 1. SPM pig/m3 200 100 2. RPM ig/ m3 100 75 3 3. Sox n/ m/ 80 30 4. Nox jig/ m3 80 30 5. CO mg/ m3 4 2 Source: Monitoring and Analysis conducted by Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Noida, 28.02.06 Amongst the air quality monitoring stations, SPM was found to be highest in 3 concentration at Sangrur, Main market with 721 pLg/ m , followed by Malerkotla meeting 3 point of Khanna Malerkotla road with 406 glg/ m and then followed by Kotla Hydro Power Project, km 57.7 with 298 jLg/ mi3 . The latter two being located in the residential areas, the concentration is high due to polluting activities nearby, while at Sangrur it is high due to commercial activity and congestion. The RPM ranges between 108 to 248 jig/ m3 , much higher than the 24 hourly values as 3 per the NAAQS which is 100 jgg/ m3 for residential and 75 ig/ m3f sensitive locations. Fig-4.3 depicts the SPM and the RPM at both the residential locations, which is higher than the NAAQS. SPM and RPM were also found to be higher in concentration near the Hospital Boundary (sensitive location) when compared with the National Ambient Air quality standards. 3 SOx varies between 15.1 to 22.4 jLg/M . Sangrur Main market recorded the highest 3 concentrations (22.4 jlg/ m3 ) followed by Kotla Hydro Power Project (20 gig/ m ). None of the locations recorded higher SOx levels with respect to NAAQS. NOx varies from 22 to 32.50 jig/ m3, with highest concentration at Sangrur Main market which reports higher NOx levels with respect to NAAQS. None of the other locations recorded NOx levels higher than the NAAQS. CO was monitored at two locations and the values were found within the permissible standards. NationalAmbientAir Quality Standards (NAAQS) The permissible air quality standards for particulate and gaseous pollutants are presented in Annex 4.2 as laid down by the CPCB. The comparison of the air quality monitoring results with NAAQS for the three stations is depicted in the Fig-4.3 and Fig-4.4 below. Refer Fig-4.6 for the location of the monitoring sites. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 -9 Description of The Environment Fig-4.3: Air Quality Monitoring at Residential locations 350 ! 300 250 IN Kotia Hydro power project Ltd's (0 200_ _ __ * 200 [ ______Near Sujit & Gulathi Dhaba 15 ___ Values El Standards for Residential 100 location 50 0 SRM RPMI SOx NOx Parameters Fig-4.4: Air Quality Monitoring at Sensitive location 250 I I 200 -.--- n 150 ------* Near Hospital Boundary end X 1 of the project road > 100 - [-Standards for Sensitive location 50 SPM RRP SOx NOx Parameters 4.2.2 Noise Level The local people inhabiting the settlements nearby and the road users are susceptible to noise generated by the flowing traffic. The existing noise environment has been monitored at two locations, one in the residential zone and the other in the silence zone. The sites have been selected in consultation with Mantec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., keeping the site conditions in mind. The noises level monitored are given in Table 4.8. Table 4.9 gives comparison of the Ambient Noise Quality results with the standards Since project road mostly passes through open and agricultural areas, noise is not a major problem at present, except at congested places for which provisions of widening/junction improvement have been suggested in design. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4- 10 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Table 4.8: Results of the Sampling along the Project Road DiSsfomthne am Dy Night, Equivalent S. Location frmte Pr a, NNoise, Remarks No edge of meter dB (A) dB(A) dB(A) the road 1. Km 57.7, 3m Lio 62.0 41.3 60.2 Residential Near Hydro L50 57.1 37.9 52.3 Power Lgo 41.3 36.4 37.5 Project Ldep 63.1 Babbanpur Lnep 38.3 Leq 60.9 2. Km 76, 4m Lio 63.1 44.5 63.1 Silence Near L50 55.5 37.3 49.8 Springel Sr. L90 44.5 35.4 36.7 Secondary L, 61.3 School, 1-a.. 38.7 L,q 61.4 3. At the 3m Lio 65.1 49.5 65.4 Silence Boundary Lso 58.5 38.5 53.2 wall of City L90 48.5 41.6 40.70 Hospital Lde, 63.3 Sangrur I.__, 42.4 Leg 64.0 Source: Monitoring andAnalysis conducted by Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Noida, 28.02.06 Table 4. 9: Comparison of the Ambient Noise Quality Results with the Standards Si Location Land use Day time Night time No. Standards Monitoring Standards Monitoring Results Results 1 Km 57.7, Residential 55 63.1 45 38.3 Near Hydro Power Project,Bab banpur 2 Km 76.0, Silence zone 50 61.3 40 38.7 Near Springel Sr. Secondary School 3 At the Silence 50 63.30 40 42.40 boundary Zone wall of City Hospital Sangrur ( End of Project Road ) NationalNoise Standards The Central Pollution Control Board has specified ambient noise levels for different land uses for day and night. Importance was given to the timing of exposure and areas designated as sensitive. The details have been annexed in Annex 4.3. Refer Annex 4.3 for the details gathered from the Phase I Consultants also. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4-11 Description of The Environment The ambient noise quality results depict that the noise levels during the daytime are much higher than those at the night time. Above all, it exceeds far away from the Ambient Noise Quality Standards. This is due to the very fact that there is heavy load of traffic on the roads. Thus it is suggested to improve these junctions and propose mitigation measures for the same. The data of Phase I consultants for noise monitoring at Modern Public School, Malerkotla, Khanna-Malerkotla Road was studied (Annex 4.2) and found to be higher in values when compared to the day time standards while the night time values is marginally lower. Refer Fig-4.5 for the comparison of results with standards and Fig-4.6 for the location of the Monitoring sites Fig-4.5: Comparison of the Ambient Noise Quality Results with the Standards -70°- 60 _ _ _ _ _ 50 - -- 30 20 - - - 10 - " * Standards - i0 - -onitoring results Day timer Nght time Day time Night time Residential Silence zone Km 57.7, Near Hydro Pow er Km 76.0, Near Springel Sr. Project,Babbanpur Secondary School Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4- 12 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase !)for Punjab State Road Sector Project Fig-4.6: Location of Air and Noise Quality Monitoring Locations rR--TLA . . .! . ; , , , , Rable -I . ." ' "' "'''',' . '.',, ' ',' '' '. .' ' , , ,'- b.' .t. 'I'' 4' I . , J /near SujitS-:hd Gulati . - .0t j / . Dhaba & near the v - . ff .fi /hospital at the end of r" '~' '* | / ' " ' the road at Sangrur. .. - Air qality - - ^. - 8 . /Noise quality monitoring at km76, | . t / . near Springdel Sr. ! - ;{ / Secondary School, I I. SangruroP/- ,mon'..LE l 7D ¢ief. *GrSUA 0 VATERww,-PoN I- * D aS&EneLEMErT / -^ RAILIVAYTRACK /~~ --- CA NALICA IN FCLIEL/SPti : MAJQRCANAL 0 2.5 5,0 7.5 nl Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sanoarua Road) 4 - 13 Description of The Environment 4.2.3 Water Resources and Quality The inventory of water resources and their quality is required to be monitored to establish the baseline status. This helps in identification of mitigation measures as well as future monitoring to check possible contamination of such resources. The main hydrological features along the Project road comprise of canals, drains, ponds and tubewells. The major Irrigation canal/Hydro Power Project at km 57.750 crosses the Project road. The list of the water resources is detailed in Table 4.10 and Table 4.11 Table 4.10: List of Canals/Nala along the Project Road SL Chain age Side No. Name/ Type (km) (Right/Left/ Location Remark Both) 1 Drain 47.270 Both Gurudev Nagar Village Seasonal 2 Canal 51.445 Both Sanglai Village Seasonal 3 Canal 54.790 Both Bhasaur Village Seasonal 4 Canal 57.090 Both Bhasaur Village Seasonal 5 Canal 57.790 Both Babbanpur Village Perennial 6 Canal 57.850 Both Babbanpur Village Perennial 7 Canal 59.570 Both Dhuri Town Seasonal 8 Canal 64.780 Both Dhuri Town Perennial 9 Drain 74.240 Both Gurudaspura Village Perennial Source: Primary survey done by the consultants, Feb 2006 Table 4.11: List of Ponds along the Project road Sl Side Distance N. Location Chainage from CIL Ownership Remark No. (Right/Left) (i) 1 Ratoda Village 48.600 Right 70 Community pisecidclture 2 Bhasaur Village 54.750 Right 9 Community Waomunity waste Source: Primarysurvey done by the consultants, Feb 2006 The list of hand pumps and tube wells have been detailed in the Annex 4.5 Road drainage is essentially choked along the settlements. Although some settlements falling on the road have brick masonry drains but the size is inadequate or requires maintenance and extension to fill the gaps or include the additional built-up area. Major thrust for the drainage improvement is required at Dhuri. At Dhuri, the road is raised and adjacent area gets waterlogged leading to severe drainage problems. In order to find out the existing surface water quality scenario, sample was collected from the canal at km 57.7 near Kotla Hydro Power Project for testing. Refer Fig-4.7 for the location of the water quality monitoring location. Data from secondary sources was consulted and it was observed that the water quality is within the prescribed limits. Since most of the canals in this region are fed by one source, there are less chances of significant variations unless there are local point sources of pollution present near the Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 - 14 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Influence zone. Details of the water quality are given in Table 4.12 below and all the parameters were found to be within the prescribed limits. Table 4.12: Water Quality Monitoring (Canal at Km 57.7, Near Kotla Hydro Power Project Ltd) Sl. Parameter Units of Value Prescribed Protocol No. Measurements limits 1 pH 7.3 6.5-8.5 IS:2296 2 Temperature °C 21 - IS:2296 3 Dissolved Oxygen Mg/l 3.8 4 IS:2296 4 Conductivity microcimens/cm 3300 - IS:2296 5 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 12 - IS:2296 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 198 500 IS:2296 7 Alkalinity as (CaCo3) mg/l 284 - IS:2296 8 Total Hardness as mg/l 198 300 IS:2296 (CaCo3) 9 Calcium as (CaCo3) mg/I 108 - APHA 10 Magnesium as (CaCo3) mg/l 90 - APHA 11 Sodium mg/l 20 - APHA 12 Potassium mg/l 9 - APHA 13 Chloride mg/l 145 600 IS:2296 14 Phosphate mg/l 0.6 - IS:2296 15 Sulphate mg/l 48 400 IS:2296 16 Nitrate mg/i 9 50 IS:2296 17 Oil &Grease mg/I BDL - IS:2296 18 Silica mg/i BDL - IS:2296 19 Phenolic Compounds mg/i BDL 0.002 IS:2296 20 Chemical Oxygen mg/I 20 - IS:2296 Demand 21 Biological Oxygen mg/i 2 3 IS:2296 Demand 22 Arsenic mg/i BDL 0.2 APHA 23 Mercury mg/i BDL 0.001 APHA 24 Lead mg/i BDL 0.1 APHA 25 Cadmium mg/I BDL 0.01 APHA 26 Hexavalent Chromium mg/l BDL <0.01 APHA 27 Total Chromium mg/l BDL 0.05 APHA 28 Copper mg/i BDL 1.5 APHA 29 Zinc mg/i 0.5 15 APHA 30 Selenium mg/i BDL 0.12 APHA 31 Iron mg/I 2.0 50 APHA Source: Monitoring and Analysis conducted by Mantec ConsultantsPvt. Ltd, Noida, 28.02.06 Ground Water A number of ground water sources like hand pumps and tube wells exist along the project road. Ground water quality samples were collected from hand pumps along the project road at two locations from km 63.00 at Dhuri km 76 at Sangrur. The details have been showcased in Table 4.13 below. Refer Fig-4.7 for the ground water quality monitoring Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4- 15 Description of The Environment locations. Ground water quality data was also collected by Phase I consultants at Malerkotla. This has been detailed in Annex 4.3. The monitoring results show that all the parameters are within the prescribed limit. Ground water quality analysis results were also collected from the Punjab Surface Water and Sewerage Board, Sangrur. These have been detailed in Annex 4.3. Table 4.13: Groundwater Quality Monitoring Value/Location SN Units of Ch. 76.0, Dhuri, Prescribed No Parameter Measurements Sangrur km 63 limits Protocol (Handpu (Handp mp) ump) 1. pH 7.3 7.23 6.5-8.5 IS: 10500 2. Temperature OC 22 22 - IS: 10500 3. Dissolved mg/l 4.0 4.5 - IS:10500 Oxygen 4. Conductivity microcimens/cm 1135 1035 - IS:10500 5. Total Suspended mgil 10 9 - IS:10500 Solids 6. Total Dissolved mg/l 681 340 - IS: 10500 Solids 7. Alkalinity as mg/l 330 205 200-600 IS: 10500 (CaCo3) 8. Total Hardness mg/l 198 108 300-600 IS: 10500 as (CaCo3) 9. Calcium as mg/I 130 97 75-200 IS: 10500 (CaCo3) 10. Magnesium as mg/l 93 26 - IS: 10500 (CaCo3) 11. Sodium mg/l 30 7 - APHA 12. Potassium mg/l 6 118 - APHA 13. Chloride mg/l 112 0.8 250-1000 IS: 10500 14. Phosphate mg/l 0.7 70 - IS: 10500 15. Sulphate mg/I 80 12 200-400 IS: 10500 16. Nitrate mg/l 10 BDL 45-100 IS: 10500 17. Oil &Grease mg/l BDL BDL - IS: 10500 18. Silica mg/l BDL BDL - IS: 10500 19. Phenolic mg/] BDL BDL 0.001-0.002 IS:10500 Compounds 20. Chemical mg/i BDL BDL - IS: 10500 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4- 16 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Value/Location Si Units of Ch. 76.0, Dhuri, Prescribed No Parameter Measurements Sangrur km 63 limits Protocol (Handpu (Handp mp) ump) Oxygen Demand 21. Biological mgA BDL BDL IS:10500 Oxygen Demand 22. Arsenic mg/I BDL BDL 0.05-0.05 APHA 23. Mercury mg/I BDL BDL 0.001-0.001 APHA 24. Lead mg/i BDL BDL 0.05-0.05 APHA 25. Cadmium mg/i BDL BDL 0.01-0.01 APHA 26. Hexavalent mg/I BDL BDL - APHA Chromium 27. Total Chromium mg/i BDL BDL 0.05-0.05 APHA 28. Copper mg/A BDL BDL 0.05-1.5 APHA 29. Zinc mg/I BDL BDL 5.0-15.0 APHA 30. Selenium mg/i BDL BDL 0.01-0.01 APHA 31. Iron mg/I 0.2 0.2 0.3-1.0 APHA Source: Monitoring and analysis conducted by Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Noida, 28.02.06 As depicted in the table above, the ground water quality was found to be within the permissible standards. Final Report Volume IV-B: Envirornment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4- 17 ! Description of The Environment Fig-4.7: Water Quality Monitoring locations along the Project road ,,I 'S , ¾$z,,t, OAt :- 8 CAALA ' ., .; , U; ,,, I~~ . CHtsIiOi - ,~Ia 63 at DhuriAA . . . . monitoringSurface water at tHU monitoring at km 57.7, Near Kotla Hydro Power . 1Project. - * Ground water I Aq quaoluity * , - Proec - . SGrofudwater : .quality monitoring ."I OA16B" Y'TP' | RA qLEtGEND I . P CM E- mTS --CA MALIDRA. it....TL -. -' MJ , 'CANAL SAIlGRUR I . . 2.5 w 5.0/atkm7,a 7.5 m ata Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 - lB I I i Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for PackageII (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 4.2.4 Soil Quality The study area falls under Semi-arid Central Plain Zone. The soils of this Zone have developed under semi-arid conditions. The soil is sandy loam to clay. Soils from the different villages along the project road have been tested by Agricultural Department. The results are given in Table 4.14 Table 4.14: Soil Testing Results along the Project Road Parameters Name of ______Sampling Electrical Organic P205 K20 Texture Site P Conductivity Carbon (%) Kg/Acre Kg/Acre Desirable 7.0-8.7 <0.82 0.4-.0.75 5-9 .55-135 Value Benra-3 7.8 0.31 0.525 8 135 Sandy loam Barfigara 8.0 0.32 0.555 7 150 Sandy loam Jahahangir 8.2 0.21 0.690 7 140 Loamy sand Bogra 7.8 0.22 0.660 5 100 Sandy loam Dhura 7.4 0.25 0.495 10 55 Sandy loam Benra 7.4 0.18 0.360 13 100 Sandy Birdwal 7.3 0.33 0.750 12 134 Loamy sand Source: DepartmentofAgriculture, Sangrur, Punjab Soil type is Seriozems and partly loamy soil for Dhuri- Sangrur Stretch. The Stretch comprises of Quatemary Alluvial Deposits .The soils are generally alkaline and fairly rich in organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium. The testing results show that the phosphate content in the soil along the different stations on the road depict large variations as compared to the electrical conductivity and the organic carbon content. Fig-4.8 depicts the same. Fig-4.8: Soil testing results along the project road 14 - ______12- 10 -8 . _ ; . = Electrical Conductivity ~ 6 ______-U-Organic Carbon (%) 4 _P205 Kg/Acre 0- I2 - - ~ - Statioiis Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4-19 II I Description of The Environment 4.2.5 Ecological Resources Flora The flora of the project region and its surrounding is not rich in density. The succeeding paragraphs describe the ecological setting of the project site. Protected Forest The Govt. of Punjab in 1958 has declared strips of Govt. lands whether under tree growth or not on either side of all roads, canals and railways in the State of Punjab as protected forests. All P.W.D (Building and Roads) Roadside strips and also other P.W.D lands in Punjab State have been transferred to the Forest Department for management. Such forest exists all along the road. Approx. 16.23 ha. of Protected forest exists along the road on both side. Trees / Vegetation within corridor of impact The study area comprises of predominantly cultivated land interrupted by scattered homesteads . Common trees line both sides of the road in the form of strip plantations. Canal banks have largely been planted. Small tree farms exist at places in the area of influence of the project. Some of the predominant species of flora found along the roadside are detailed below in Table 4.15 34 ts ln,[' 4 -. Plate 4.2: Vegetation along the road Table 4.15: The list of roadside trees Main species Associate species Azadirachta indica Pongamiapinnata Melia componita Melia azedarach(Dek) Dalbergiasissoo Acacia nilotica Terminalia arjuna Butea monosperma (Dhak) Albizia procera Toona Ciliata (toon) Ailanthus excelsa Morus alba (toot) SYusium cumim Negle marmelos (bel) Cassiafistula(amaltas) Source: Primarv survey done by the consultants, Feb 2006 The ground cover along the road comprises of Alpuda mutica, Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum munja Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 - 20 I I I i i I I Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project As per the Environmental Screening report 5884 number of trees have been identified on the LHS of the Malerkotla-Dhuri-Sangrur stretch and 6394 number of trees on the RHS stretch. Thus a total number of 12278 trees exist on both the sides of the corridor. The tree inventory has been detailed in Annex 4.4. Fauna Wild Life sanctuary As mentioned earlier, out of the 11 sanctuaries, which are in Punjab, one of the sanctuary, that is, Bir Aishwan wildlife sanctary is located very close to Sangrur district. The sanctuary is located about 4 km north-east of Sangrur and has an area 264.40ha and harbours many species of birds and animals. Monkey, Rabbit, Fox, and Neelgai are the dominant wild animal available in the sanctuary. Peacock, the national bird of the country is one of the main birds in the sanctuary. The Sanctuary at present is unfenced and surrounded by agricultural fields. An Environment Chetna Kendra also exists in this sanctuary. 4.2.6 Availability of Construction Material Construction material can be made available from the quarry area identified at the Mubarakpur village in Panchkula, Haryana. Three borrow areas have also been identified keeping in mind the following: Sufficient quantity of suitable soil is q-.0 available from the borrow pit The borrow areas are as close to the ,; -. project road as far as possible View of Animals in Bjr Sanctuary • The loss of productive and fertile agricultural soil is minimum and * There is minimal loss of vegetation. Location of the selected borrow pits is given in the Table 4.16 below: Table 4.16: Location of the Borrow Pits SI No Chainage Side Location/Village Lead Aprox. Available Name Qty (mI) BA- I Km 70.000 R/S Benda Village 1.0 km 80,000 BA-2 Km 67.000 R/S Near PVC Pipe 5.50 km 150,000 Factory BA-3 Km 58.500 uS Radhu Singhwal 2.0 km 305,000 Source: Primary survey done by the consultants, February2006 Fly ash is also available at Lehar Muhabbat, Bhatinda district approximately 85 km away from the project site and PSED Thermal Power Station, Ropar. Keeping in mind the provisions of the fly ash notification, 1 4 th September 1999, as amended up to 17th August 2003 under the Environment (Protection) Act and the vicinity to the thermal power plant, fly ash will be utilized for the project. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 -21 I I I l l l Descriptionof The Environment 4.2.7 Social Environment Archaeologicaland CulturalProperties Archaeological and cultural properties mostly comprise of the religious structures along the Corridor of Impact. There are 13 numbers of holy places like gurudwaras, temples and masjids, which exist along the project corridor. List of the structures are annexed in Annex 4.7. There is no protected archaeological property or monument along the project road. Settlements and Properties There are nine important Urban towns and villages through which the road passes through. Refer Table 2.1 of chapter 2 for details. Amongst the existing community properties there are 12 bus stops and handpumps and 35 tubewells along the road. Refer Annex 4.6 for details. Markets Malerkotla, Dhuri and Sangrur are the main settlements, which have good facility markets. These towns also have Anaj mandis (food grain wholesale market). All villages along the road have small markets to fulfill their daily requirements. Most of these markets assemble once or twice a week. The commonly traded commodities are vegetables, cattle and groceries. Plate 4.3: Built up area on the project road Other Features of Project Area of Influence (PIA) Industries ;,- There is no major industrial activity along the - project corridor. Some rice mills, brick kilns, ply wood industry, steel factories and a Hot mix plant exists along the road. List of industries along the project road is given in . Annex 4.8 r. i- EducationalInstitutes * '- 1 : None of the educational institutes are being relocated or likely to be impacted due to the Plate 4.4: Kotla Hydro Power Project upgradation activities. List of educational institutes along the project road and their distance from centerline is given in Annex 4.9 Final Report Volume IV-B: Envi-onment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 - 22 I Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project Land Use Pattern Project road passes through a rural agricultural setting. The land use pattern of the project (see Plate 4.4) area consists of agricultural land and protected forest along the road. Paddy and wheat are the dominant crops of the area. -~ ~ . Other crops sown in the area are Barley, i- 1 moong, mustard, groundnut etc. In Sangrur . more than 90% of the cultivated area is sown more than once. The project road passes through number of Plate. 4.5 Land Use Pattern Agriculture) semi urban and urban areas. The land use along the existing project road is mainly agricultural which comprises approximately 56% of the road length. Built area comprises of 33% of the road length. Agriculture is the original land use and other usage is outcome of ribbon development. The project road passes through built up areas, commercial area and industrial area. Table 4.17 presents the land use data below: Table 4.17: Landuse Detail along the Project Road Land use Total Length Percent Agriculture 18.0 56.0 Built up area 10.6 33.0 Commercial Area 3.35 10.0 Industrial Area 0.40 1.0 Total 32.35 100 4.2.8 Project Affected People (PAPs) The following section highlights the demographic, social and socio economic profile of the Project Affected People. a) Demographic Profile of the PAPs The analysis of the census data of the project area of Link-3 road corridor shows that there are a total of 63 PAPs, the males comprising 38 (60.3%) and the females 25(39.7%). The average sex ratio for affected population is about 658/1000 males. Table 2.5 of the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) gives the details of the distribution of affected population by age and sex. The data indicates that majority of the PAPs belong to the age group of 18-25 years of age, which constitute 27.0 %, followed by age group of 26-40 (25.4%), and 41-55 (20.6%). The PAPs in the age below 18 and above 56 years constitute 15.9% and 5.00%, respectively. b) Social Profile of the PAPs Literacy Education and literacy among Project Affected Population (PAPs) reveals that literacy is high among PAPs as 79.4% of them are educated. However, among illiterates the percentage of males is higher at 9.5% than the females at 6.3%. Table 2.7 of the SIA entails the details of education and literacy amongst the PAPs. Social Categories Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 - 23 Description of The Environment The data pertaining to the social categories of PAHs suggests that most of the affected households belong to general category (64.3%) followed by SC category (7.1%). None of the households belong to OBC and ST category. c) Socio-economic Profile of the PAPs Workforce Participation in the Project Area The work participation rate in the project State is 37.5%. Approximately 24.2% of the population are cultivators, 13.5% are agricultural labourers and only 3.1% are engaged in household industries. The remaining 59.2% workers are put into other workers category. Table 2.8 of the SIA entails the work force participation rate and percentage of workers in the project district. The data suggests that the work participation rate in the project- affected area, i.e., 40.7%, is almost the same to that of the state of 37.5%. 29.3% of work force is engaged in primary activities (viz., agriculture), while only 3.2% of the people are involved in secondary activities (viz., household industries). It is also evident from the figure that work participation rate among women is not compatible to their male counterparts as compared to 29.3% of work participation rate among male their involvement is only 11.4%. Women's role is not only in terms of domestic decision making but also 70 to 90% of women are involved with the health care and education facilities. Their role is also important in the financial matters (50%) Occupation Pattern in the Project Area Although the economic base of Punjab is comprised of agriculture, 58% of the PAPs belong to the non-working group. As far as the working group is concerned, majority of PAPs are equally engaged in business as well as agricultural activities (46.2%). Rest of the PAPs who are very less in number are engaged in service and professional categories (3.8%) in equal percentage. None of the working population is unemployed. The gender disaggregated occupational pattern shows that there is no participation of women in the business activities. They are generally engaged in the household works. Income levels in the Project Area 7.1% households have annual income up to Rs. 24,000/, which is Below Poverty Line in the Punjab state. Data also shows that almost 64.5 % affected households have income more than Rs. 1,00,000 Average annual expenditures per families on food grains constitute a major share of the total expenditure on communication, education and other social activities. The analysis of income from different sectors show that agriculture and business activity plays vital role in earning of household income. Keeping in mind the above scenario, a detail Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared, the details of which have been have been covered in Social Assessment and Resettlement Plan. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 4 - 24 'I I I Analysis of Alternatives I I I 1 I I I I I I I I Il 1 I i i I f i t I r i I I i iI i I I i I I Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Introduction The analysis of alternative considering 'with project' and 'without project' scenarios have already been carried out by the Phase - I consultant and on the basis of their study Malerkotla- Dhuri- Sangrur stretch has been considered for the upgradation and EIA studies were carried out to select the best widening option so that impacts of resettlement, tree cutting, land acquisition and construction activities are minimum. In this chapter various options based on engineering, technology, environment, social were considered and most viable option in totality was adopted. 5.2 Alignment The existing alignment is good in terms of road geometrics except at four locations where radius is varying from 70 to 100m corresponding to the speed of 40 to 50 km/hour. Of these four locations one is situated in Malerkotla and three in Dhuri town. The existing alignment has been proposed with management of these four substandard junctions instead of providing bypass to Malerkotla and Dhuri because of following reasons: * Traffic projection does justify it * Land acquisition 3. * Environment and social considerations 5.2.1 Lane Configuration The following alternatives were considered: * Retention of existing configuration * Widening the roads and bridges to four lane configuration * Provision of paved shoulders of 1.5m width on either side and retention of existing bridges. * Provision of paved shoulders of 2.5m width on either side and retention of existing bridges. * Provision of paved shoulders of 2.5m width on either side and upgradation of Bridges to 4-lane configuration Retention of Existing Configuration The existing road is 6-7m carriageway with 1.5m earthern shoulder and four bridges are 7.Om wide and other four are 1 Im wide. The present configuration is not adequate to carry the projected traffic. Widening the Roads and Bridges to 4-lane configuration The traffic projections does not justify this configuration. Provision of 7m Carriageway with Paved Shoulders of 1.5m width on both side and retaining existing bridges The traffic projections justifies this configuration but due to presence of tractor-trolley combination in the traffic. This option is not feasible. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 5-1 Analysis ofAlternatives 7m Carriageway with 2.5m wide Paved Shoulder and Im Earthern Shoulder and retention of existing bridge. Traffic projections and composition of traffic justifies this option. This configuration was recommended by Package-I, Feasibility consultant. However in view of road safety, the good practice is to provide same configuration on road & bridges because width of existing bridge is 7m & 1Im in 4 bridges, this option is not feasible. 7m Carriageway with 2.5m wide Paved Shoulder and Im earthern shoulder and widening of bridges to 4-lane This is the best option as provision if additional two lane bridges or widening is not a problem at the bridge points. The bridges are 9 in nos. on the road. Moreover the bridges are constructed in multiple of 2 lanes only. Therefore configuration of 7 m carriageway width with 2.5mi wide Paved Sboulder and I m earthern shoulder and upgradation of Bridge to 4 lane is proposed. 5.2.2 Alignment Widening Road (Concentric) The existing carriageway varies from 6.50m to 7.0m,earthern shoulder varies from lm to 2 m and ROW varies from 21m to 40m.The new configuration of road requires land width of 14m which means additional width of 6.5to 5m is required. The distance of first Row of trees varies from 2.9 to 4. lm. With a view to save trees, scurrying of bituminous top concentric widening of road is proposed, as environment impacts are minimum. 5.2.3 Bridge Widening There were two options available to us for upgradation of bridges: * Additional Two lanes > Right Side > Left Side * Concentric Widening It may be noted that concentric widening is not a good engineering practice and sound solution but it has been resorted out of compulsion. The widening options and reasons thereof has been detailed in Table 5.1. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 5-2 m m - - - m - m m m m Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudiesfor Package 11 (Phase 1)for PunjabState Road Sector Project Table 5.1: Details of Widening Options S. Location Name of Bridge Type of Structure Suggested Proposed Remark No. (Km) * To save Gurudwara on Left hand side l 2.270 Lasara Drain RCC T Beam & Slab Left Left * Road Safety * To maintain continuity of alignment 2 6.445 RCC Solid Slab Left Left . Saving of 73 trees * Social Impact' is almost same on both sides 3 9.790 RCC Solid Slab Left Left * To maintain continuity of alignment * Saving of 18 trees * The consultant has proposed three alternatives for additional two 4 12.090 RCC Solid Slab lane bridges based on Technical, Environmental, Social constraints for bridge at Km 12.850 near Kotla Hydro Power Plant. However PRBDB Informed that Irrigation Department has 5 12.790 Gharat RCC Solid Slab refused to give land. Left Concentric * PRBDB directed to do concentric widening. * All the three bridges have been widened concentrically because of close proximity to maintain uniformity in alignment 6 12.850 Kotla Branch Canal RCC Solid Slab * In eccentric widening there was loss of 450 trees where as in concentric widening there is loss of 357 tress. 7 14.570 Dhuri Drain RCC T Beam & Slab Right Right * Social Impact' is much higher on Right Hand side * To negate any Social Impact' * Right side widening was proposed but due to Major Social 8 19.780 Sheron - Rajwata RCC Solid Slab Right Concentric Impact' concentric widening is proposed. Distributary's * It has resulted in saving of 20 structures (8 Residential cum commercial, 3shops, 6 commercial structures and land acquisition of about 943.00 Sq. Mtrs 9 .h Social Impact' is less on Right Side 9 29.240 Barhokha Drain RCC T Beam& Slab Right Right * To maintain continuity of Alignment. 'Refer RAP Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 5-3 Analysis ofAlternatives 5.3 Technical Alternatives 5.3.1 Pavement Broadly two alternatives are available for pavement: * Rigid Pavement * Flexible Pavement The existing pavement in the project road is feasible. As existing carriageway is being retained it is not advisable to scarify the whole carriageway and lay rigid pavement both economically and environmentally. Therefore existing bituminous surfaceis being retained. 5.3.2 Road Level The sub grade level of the road along the alignment is above 0.5m except at four locations. As per IRC sub grade level should be at least 1.Om above ground level or high flood level whichever is higher. The road is not prone to submergence during rains and design year of the road is 2017 for 'B' level of services raising of level of road to Im will involve: * Milling and removal of existing bituminous layers * Raising embankment height * Disposal of waste arising out of dismantling of structures. In view of economics, short design period and environment consideration same embankment height has been retained. 5.3.3 Material For Construction Total of 1,63,046.91 m3 of debris will be generated because of drains construction and excavation in bridge foundation. There are two options * Debris disposal * Reuse in the road construction Disposal of Huge debris will have serious environment implications. Therefore 1,22,290 m3 out of 1,63,046.91 m3 generated debris will be reused in the project subject to the suitability of material which accounts for 80% of generated debris. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 5-4 l I I Public Consultation 6 I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i i Ii i I Ii i I i t t I Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 6.1 Introduction Public participation and community consultation has been taken up as an integral part of social and environmental assessment process of the Project. Public participation has been viewed as a continuous two way process, involving promotion of public understanding of the processes and mechanisms through which developmental problems and needs are investigated and solved. Consultation was used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholders about the proposed action both before and after the development decisions were made. It assisted in identification of the problems associated with the project as well as the needs of the population likely to be impacted. This participatory process enabled the participation of the local people in the decision making process. The involvement of the various stakeholders ensured that the affected population and other stakeholders are informed, consulted and allowed to participate at various stages of project preparation Public consultation has been carried out in this Project with the objectives of minimising probable adverse impacts of the project through alternate design solutions (alignment and cross-sectional) and to achieve speedy implementation of the project through bringing awareness amongst the community on the benefits of the project. The public consultation has been taken up as an integral part of social and environmental assessment process for this project. To ensure the peoples' participation in the planning phase of this project and treating public consultation and participation as a continuous process, numerous events were attempted at this stage of project preparation. Aiming at promotion of public understanding and fruitful solutions of developmental problems such as local needs of road users and problem and prospect of resettlement, various sections of community people and other stakeholders were consulted through individual Consultations, FGDs, NGOs' consultation, etc. The option of alternative design was also discussed to meet their local transport needs and to achieve speedy implementation of the project with peoples' involvement and support. Necessary information was already gathered during the time of screening; however, additional views of the stakeholders were also collected at this PPR stage. 6.2 Objectives Community consultations in the project was undertaken with objectives, which may be grouped into: Information sharing, Appraisal and assessment of the community needs, and * Development of specific design solutions and enhancement measure. These objectives are discussed below: Information Sharing To promote public awareness about the proposed project especially amongst the potentially impacted communities/individuals. To educate the individuals/interested groups about the proposed course of action; To solicit the views of affected communities/individuals on environmental components and the significance of impacts; Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-1 Public Consultation • To serve as an important tool for collecting information about natural and the human environments, much of which would never be accessible through more traditional approaches of data collection; • To ensure lessening of public resistance to modify the proposed activity, by involving them in the decision making process; and * To achieve the basis for an Environment Management Plan for the project, with the incorporation of felt needs, views and preferences of the people likely to be impacted. Appraisal & Assessment * To inform Project Affected Communities about the provision of EMP, and to settle their felt need with mutual consent and to assist them during relocation of community property, if any * Deduce information from the people about the local environmental issues and their dependence upon them. * Collect peoples' perceptions about the project and how the negative effects of the project should be mitigated. Devising Specific Solutions * To solicit the views of affected communities/individuals on environmental and social problems. • Receive suggestions from the affected communities with regard to the preferences and options about the project in general and avoidance measures, mitigation/compensation measures, and benefits being provided, in particular. • To ensure lessening of public resistance to change by providing them a platform in the decision making process. Thus, constructive participation by the affected population can influence not only environmental impact of the project corridor, but also the costs, success and duration of the main investment project itself. The possibility of active participation by affected communities, NGOs and local government staff varies by project and stage of the project. 6.3 Consultation Methodology These consultations were held in rural and urban areas along the corridor of impact of the project road to inform people about the purpose and preliminary design of the project. Such consultations provided a means to get the opinion of the people and their issues of concern. Village/local level consultations were held at selected locations. A wide range of people including state/provincial and local officials, community people, panchayat members and leaders were consulted. The main points of discussions with various agencies were concentrated on environmental issues are wayside amenities like bus stop, footpaths, toilets, drinking water, storm water drainage, parking facilities, measures for suppression of dust, sign boards, provision of service roads, employment of local people during construction work etc. associated with project. People's perception about environment was also recorded. The various methods and the issues addressed are discussed in the succeeding paragraphs. The methodology followed for consultation is as follows: * Identification of Stakeholders * First tier consultation * Second tier consultation Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-2 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Identification of Stakeholders Stakeholder identification was done by examining the potential impacts of the project in terms of following: a Project affected people / government organization * Agencies responsible for impact management After systematic analysis the following major groups of stakeholders were identified: * Local people that include local residents, shopkeepers, farmers & businessmen I Local bodies like Village Panchayats, Municipalities, Gurudwara Committees etc. • Selected government agencies e.g. > Public Works Department (PWD) > State Forest Department > State Irrigation Departnent > State Agricultural Department > State Tourism Departnent > State Archeological Department > Punjab State Electricity Board > State Transport Department > Railways • Project Affected Persons (PAPs) i.e. peoples likely to be affected e.g. owners of the roadside houses, shops & other establishments like schools, colleges, hospitals, temples etc. First tier consultation The detailed consultation were carried out at the initial stages where the stakeholders were briefed about the project, their suggestions and complaints were noted down. The following methodology was adopted for carrying out first lier consultation Interview Survey In order to access the existing environment and likely impacts on PAPs, an interview survey has been carried out. Numbers of people along the project, who are likely to be affected due to the present activity, have been interviewed. A common approach is to interview a representative sample of affected people and ask a predefmed set of questions, with a response recoded in a standard form. Precaution has been exercised during the survey to ensure that the sample interviewed is truly representative of the affected groups and the questions are worded so as not to generate a bias response. Plate 6.1 and Plate 6.2 shows the discussion with representative people on various environmental issues. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-3 Public Consultation Plate 6.1: Public Consultation at Sangrur Plate 6.2: Public Consultation at Malerkotla Public consultations were done at Malerkotla at km 45.000, Singhara, Dhuri at km 61.40, Bardwala Village (Babanpur Canal) and Sangrur at km 77.250. Consultations were held with various stakeholders like truck drivers, residents, shop owners, village sarpanch, labourers and sweepers. Local / Village Level Consultations These consultations were held in rural, suburban and urban areas along the corridor of impact of the project road to inform people about the purpose and preliminary design of the project. Such consultations provided a means to get the opinion of the people and their issues of concern. Village/local level consultations were held at selected locations. The consultation sessions are proposed to be continued during the implementation and monitoring stages of the project. * Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Focus group discussions (FGDs) were used as an effective tool in the public participation process. The FGDs were held at selected locations to understand the implication of the project impacts on various groups, especially those with a distinct degree of vulnerability. Plate 6.3 and Plate 6.4 shows the discussion with representative people - I - *. V Plate 6.3: Public consultation at Govind Plate 6.4: Public Consultation at Dhuri Nagar, Malerkotla The stakeholders discussion involved various issues concerned with the project. The issues discussed with various stakeholders is given in Table 6.1 as below: Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-4 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studiesfor Package 11 (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Table 6.1: Issues Discussed during Stakeholders Consultation Type of Stakeholder Issues Discussed Public . Demolition of roadside structures a Relocation of temples and crematoriums . Felling roadside trees a Noise & dust impacts during construction . Traffic management during construction . Drainage, water logging & flooding problem a Disposal of solid wastes (scarified bitumen) . Impacts on the VECs . Road accident & safety issues a Source of construction water . Source of borrow materials 3PWD a Roadside tree felling . Traffic management during construction a Drainage, water logging & flooding problem . Disposal of solid wastes (scarified bitumen) . Road accident & safety issues a Utilization of fly ash . Source of construction water a Source of quarry & borrow materials Forest Department a Felling roadside trees . Forest clearance for felling roadside trees a Impact of road improvement on eco-sensitive areas a Compensatory plantation Irrigation Department . Availability of construction water a Construction of bridges on canals and rivers Agriculture Department a Impacts on roadside water bodies . Acquisition of agricultural land Tourism Department . Cultural heritage site Archeological Department . Archeological & heritage sites Punjab State Electricity Board . Relocation of transmission lines Second tier consultation The second tier consultation was carried out with an objective of informing the stakeholder about: Final Design details Suggestion given by stakeholders during first tier consultation addressed in design a Suggestion given by stakeholders during first tier consultation which could not be addressed in design and reasons thereof I Any other suggestions / grievances Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-5 Public Consultation 6.4 Approach to Consultation The date and venue of public consultation were fixed on the basis of degree of impact and in consultation with local community / PWD staff. After fixing the date and time of public consultation, a leaflet (Annexured 6.1) was designed in Punjabi and English containing information about the objective of public consultation, time and venue which was pasted on walls at community places, market area and common places which are frequently visited by the public. The locations of public consultation and dates are given in Table 6.2 Table 6.2: Location and Date of Public Consultation along the Project Road S. Locations Date of Public No. Consultations 1. Malerkotla 156 Dec. 2006 2. Singhara 15* Dec. 2006 3. Dhuri 166 May, 2006 4. Babanpur Canal 16& May 2006 5. Sangrur 16f' May 2006 A detailed presentation was made to stakeholders (List of Participants Annexured 6.2) explaining the typical cross section, activities involved and informed them about the suggestion which could be addressed in the design and reasons for the suggestions which could not be addressed. Table 6.3 gives the findings of focus group discussion held at various places. Table 6.3: Findings of Focus Group Discussion held at Various Places Location Issue not S. Issues where it Issue Addressed Addressed No. Emerged* Bus shelters and lay bye provided at kmI 46.000, 51.700, 58.000, 61.000, 76.800 (Plan and Profile Drawing No. PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/2/33/R0, Provision of PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/7/33/R0, wayside amenities PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/6/33/RO Provision of toilets 1 like bus shelter, 1 2,3,4 5 PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/17/33/RO and is not included in footpath, toilet , , , , PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/32/33/RO) this project and provision of Footpath-cum drain has been provided drinking water in urban areas (Plan and Profile Drawing No. PRBDB/DRN/TCS/SD3/Rl) All the affected hand-pumps will be replaced Storm water drainage provided at all Proper storm settlements in urban and rural areas 2 water drainage 1, 3, 4,5 (Plan and Profile Drawing No. facilities PRBDB/DRN/TCS/SD3/Rl and RBDB/DRN/TCS/SDI/RO) Parking could not be 3 Parking facilities 1, 3, 5 provided due to the limited RoW Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-6 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for PackageII (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project S. ~~~LocationIsuno S. Issues where it Issue Addressed Issue not No. Emerged* Addressed Dust suppression 5 Appropriate mitigation measures have 4be adopted l, 3, been given in EMP (Vol. IV C) 5 Provision of street 1, 3 Will be incorporated in the design light Sign boards provided Sign boards for (Plan and Profile Drawing No. 6 road safety 2 PRBDB/MAL-SAN/PP/7/33/RO) r sDetail of road sign is shown in Drawing No. PRBDB/RS/l/5/Rl Provision of Service 7 Prvice of 5 not be providedroad could due -service road to the limited RoW Employment opportunity to Preference will be given to local people 8 local people 4 at the time of road construction (RAP during road Vol. V) construction Enhancement of Gurdwara has been taken for 9 Gurudwara on left 1 enhancement and details have been side given in EMP (Vol. IV C) Concentric The bridge at km 64.780 is proposed for 10 widening of the 3 concentric widening within the bridge at km available RoW and no private properties 64.780 are affected Junction improvement is done at km 11 Junction 3 64.850 improvement (Junction drawing No. PRBDB/ Applicable-jun/3//Rl) 12 Provision of 3 Rumble strips provided speed breaker * Location Code: 1= Malerkotla; 2= Singhara; 3= Dhuri; 4= Babanpur Canal; 5= Sangrur 6.5 Disclosure of Information The World Bank has its own policy of disclosure of information for the Environmental Assessment Report and this is done in accordance with OP/BP 4.01. but such disclosure takes place only after the borrower has made the draft EA available at a public place accessible to project affected groups and local NGOs. The process of public disclosure is to build up and atmosphere of trust and transparency between the stakeholders and their interest groups and the proponent organisation approaching the bank for financial support. Punjab Roads & Bridges Development has adopted a sound and exhaustive disclosure policy for implementation of projects and associated activities. This has been done to bring in transparency, legitimacy and accountability in PRBDB and all operations overseen by it. All documents are made available to the public except when warranted by legal requirements. This policy also underlines a communication strategy for disclosure of Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-7 Public Consultation information through the print media, electronic media , public notice boards and State Libraries. Under this disclosure policy the people in general and the project affected people in particular would be the target groups for disclosure of the Environmental Assessment Report. Resettlement and rehabilitation action plan relevant to the project after getting translated into Punjabi needs to be disclosed at public places like the village Panchhayat body/ the urban local body for transparency. A Public Information Centre will also be made operative at PRBDB HQ to make project specific information available to the target groups. Public disclosure has to be a continuous process also during the project execution and its operation to see that the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan is on track. Periodic reports also on progress of work will be made available to the project affected group and other stakeholders through the Project office at site. There will also be mechanism of redressal in case of deviation from adoption of mitigation measures by the appointed contractor or the Project Implementation Unit. Monitoring trends of different parameters need be disclosed to the project stakeholders to enable them to keep track of corrective action devised and put in place by the project proponent. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 6-8 lI I I I I Anticipated Impacts 7 I I I Il I I I I 1 I I I I I I Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 7. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS 7.0 General Rehabilitation of roads cause biophysical and socio-cultural impacts. . The nature and magnitude of impacts vary depending on the character of components of rehabilitation works and the physical and socio-economic setting in which such project is located. The present road has been proposed to be rehabilitated through widening of the carriageway to 7.Om and provision 2.5m wide paved and lm earthen shoulder on each side. All the 9 bridges and their approaches have been proposed to be widened to 4-lanes. This coupled with the fact that the project road passes through a plain terrain and does not involve any sensitive area or properties like monuments/ heritages, impact prediction becomes easier. Impacts have been assessed based on the information collected from the screening, field surveys and additional secondary data collected as part of the study. The qualitative and quantitative assessment of bio-physical and socio-cultural environmental components can be direct or indirect and such impacts are described in the following sections. 7.1 Impacts on Physical Environment 7.1.1 Impact on Meteorology The project involves removal of large number of trees along the stretch of the road during pre-construction and construction stage. There will also be addition to be paved surface area because of paving of road sides. This will result in temporary loss of shade for some stretches of the road causing some discomfort for slow moving traffic and pedestrians. The paving of surfaces will also lead to very minor changes in temperature. However with the provision of grass turf on the embankment and restoration of the vegetal cover through compensatory afforestation there will be minimal impacts on the micro- meterology of the project impact corridor. 7.1.2 Impact on Physiography The project road passes through very monotonous plain terrain. During the up gradation of the road there will be no substantial cut and fill operations as embankment is not being raised along the road except at bridge locations where it is proposed to raise upto 0.9 m at one location. However the storage of materials at identified sites may cause very minimal changes in physiography only for a temporary period. The impact therefore on the corridor will be very low. 7.1.3 Impact on Topography The overall topography of the area in the project area is not going to be impacted as embankment height is not being raised except at bridge locations, which accounts for approx 3km in length out of 33 km in stretches were the road embankment has been raised by 0.2 to 0.5m only. 7.1.4 Impact on Geology The project area is represented by alluvium soil and there is no area, which can be termed as fragile. Only collection and transportation of material from identified quarries and borrow pits may cause very insignificant impact on the geology of the project corridor. More over geology of the area may be impacted due to Quarrying operations. In this project the requirement of coarse aggregate is 248105.00 cum which is very less. Moreover no new quarry is proposed to be setup for this purpose and existing quarries will be used. Table 7.1 depicts the quantity of different material required. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-1 Mitigation, Management and Enhancement Measures Table 7.1: Details of the Quantities of Material Required Project Road Soil (M3) Coarse Fine Aggregates Aggregates (M3) (M3) Malerkotla -Dhuri- 187,866.00 248,105.00 1,324.35 Sangrur 7.2 Impact on Soil 7.2.1 Loss ofproductive Soil The present project will require diversion of agricultural land to the extent of 0.248 ha. This is a minimal change in land use and therefore the impact on agriculture production will be very low. This is also not going to have an adverse impact on the hydrology of the project corridor. There may be temporary loss of production during construction stage if workers camps, stockyards and borrow areas are established on agricultural land. Use of some lands for haul loads and traffic detours may cause minimal and temporary impact on productivity of the project corridor. 7.2.2 Soil Erosion Pre Construction Stage Site clearance and cutting of trees may set the process of soil erosion. Construction Stage The project road does not elevated sections of embankment. However on approaches to the bridges the embankments will be higher by 0.2 to 0.5m above ground level. During construction if proper drainage is not maintained then soil erosion process may be set in. Operation Stage Slope embankments will be provided with the grass turf and run off from the roads shall be safely disposed of to be existing drainage system to prevent any possibility of soil erosion. The vegetal cover that will come up through compensatory afforestation will also hold the soil firmly through their root system and also by cutting down on quantum of precipitation reaching the ground through canopy interceptions and evaporation through canopy foliage. 7.2.3 Contamination of Soil Construction Stage Soil contamination may take place in the construction stage through construction of labour-camps, stockyards and construction of camping sites for parking of construction machinery equipment., movement of construction machinery, vehicles during construction especially haul roads. Sub soil contamination may also be attributed to: * Scarified bitumen wastes * Maintenance of the machinery and operation of the diesel generator sets on site Oil Spill from the operation of the mechanical work shops, diesel pumps and diesel storage, during transportation and transfer, parking places, and diesel generator sets Operation of the emulsion sprayer and laying of hot mix Operation of the residential facilities for the labour and staff Storage and stock yards of bitumen and emulsion Excess production of hot mix and rejected materials Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-2 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studies for PackageII (Phase 1) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Operation Stage During this stage there is possibility of soil contamination by spills from accidents or leakage from vehicles carrying hazardous chemicals. The probability of incidents is low and such impacts will depend to a great extent on how such situations are handled on ground. 7.2.4 Impact of Soil Borrow Areas Extraction of materials from soil borrow areas can result in direct or indirect impact on local environment. The proposed upgrading requires 241185 cum of earthwork; The details are given in Table 7.2. The earth will be taken from borrow areas which may result in loss of Productive soil, Change in topography. Table 7.2: Details of the Quantities of Fill and Spoil Project Road Road way Embankment Borrow Area Spoil (M3) Excavation Fill (M3) Fill (M3) Malerkotla -Dhuri- 187,866.00 123,647.00 241,185.00 12,229.00 Sangrur 7.3 Impact on Water Resources Due to the proposed project there will be some impacts on the water resources. The typical impacts on water resources and indicators of the impacts during the construction and operation stage of the project are given below in the table 7.3. Table 7.3 Impacts on Water Resources and Indicators Water Resources Indicators Surface Water Bodies Water quality degradation, Siltation Ground Water Sources Loss of Hand pumps, tube wells and wells Alteration of drainage, lack of adequate Overtopping, flooding, water logging drainage Depletion of ground water Increase in Ground water level Impact on Surface Water body The Project road is crossing 9 irrigation canals and two ponds exists along the road out of which one is privately owned fish pond away from the road and other is waste water pond which is near to road. (For Location Details Refer Table 4.3 of Chapter 4) These surface water bodies may be impacted in terms of degradation in water quality and increase in sediment load, Pre-construction stage Water resources can get impacted through increase in sediment load arising out o stripping of ground and tree vegetation for establishment of workers camps, stock yards for materials, camping grounds for equipments etc. Such impacts will be short term and largely mitigable through management measures. Temporary increase in turbidity may also temporally affect aquatic flora and fauna resulting in their migration to safer stretches of surface water. Construction Stage The project road is crossing 9 irrigation canals and works on all these canals is proposed. Out of 9 bridges four bridges are being widened concentrically, 3 additional 2-lane Final Report Volume IV-B: Enviromnent Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-3 Mitigation, Management and Enhancement Measures bridges on left hand side and two on right hand side apart from minor repairs on 5 existing bridges where additional bridges are proposed. There are two ponds along the road out of which one is very near to the project road. The water quality of these surface water bodies may degrade due to falling of construction materials, spoils or inflow of silt because of soil erosion along the bank /embankments of canal during construction stages. The storage of materials and construction wastes may also add to such sediment load. The construction activities on these live canal will be carried out when there will be no flow of water which will result in disruption of water supply to the downstream user. The sources of water pollution from the construction activities include the following: * Storage and stockyards of bitumen and emulsion. * Oil spill from the operation of the mechanical workshop, diesel pumps, diesel storage, transportation and transfer • From the foundation work of bridges and culverts such as piling and excavation for open / well foundation * Operation of construction camps * Water flow from scarified bitumen material • Operation of emulsion sprayer and laying of hot-mix. There will be increased surface run-off because of construction of new pavements resulting in sealing off a substantial permeable surface and removal of vegetation cover leading to loss of evapo-transpiration and increased through-fall. Increased through-fall may to some extent negate the impact of sealing particularly in areas where the vegetal cover exists currently. Operation Stage There is very little chance of deterioration in water quality in this stage. This may happen only in case of accidental spills. As all safety measures will become operative during the operation phase there is very less probability of such incidents 7.3.1 Impact on Ground water 6 hand pumps along the project corridor will be affected. The details of such hand pumps are provided in the Annex 4.6. The loss of these hand pumps will be a loss to the communities, which have been using these as water resources. The water will be extracted from ground for construction but as water required for construction activity including for domestic use in labor camp is 11733 kl and demand is spread over for period of 30 months, so no major impact is anticipated. SI no. Chainage Right/Left Distance Location Ownshership from CIL 1 46.00 Left 8m Malerkota Town town community 2 51.90 Right 9m Sangli village Village Community 3 61.54 Left 9m Dhuri town Village Community 4 63.95 Right 8m Jantanagar Village village Community 5 70.45 Left 9m Ladda Kothi Village village Community 6 75.00 Left 9m Gurdaspura Village Village Community Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-4 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project 7.3.2 Alteration of Cross Drainage Such changes can be attributed to repairs rehabilitation and construction of new bridges and canals. 9 bridges will be constructed. Of these 4 will undergo concentric widening and the balance 5 will have and additional bridge added to the left or right. The details of cross drainage structures are furnished below in Table 7.4. The construction activities may result in obstruction to flow. Table 7.4: Details of Cross-drainage Structures Culverts Bridges Si Corridor Length Slab Arch Pipe Minor Major No 1 Malerkota - Dhuri- 32.270 18 1 13 9 -Sangrur 7.3.3 Increased Surface Run-off Provision of 2.5m wide new-paved shoulders on either side of road and widening to four lane configuration for a length of 3.699 km will add to the 19 ha of paved surface which will result in increase in run-off quantum through reduction in water infiltration. The increase paved i.e. 19 ha area not being significant, will not have any major impact on the ground water table. 17.4Impacts on Air Environment Air quality monitoring has identified problems of high SPM and RPM levels at Sangrur main market and meeting point of Khanna Malerkota road as also at the hospital location at Sangrur which may be due to mixed traffic, Use of local diesel set engines for day to day activities, poor road geometrics. Pre-construction Stage The pre-construction stage is characterized by activities like site clearance, tree cover removal, shifting of utilities, transportation of men and material, establishment of construction camps, stockyards, installation of plants and equipments. All these activities lead to generation of dust specially when such activities are undertaken during the dry season.. Such impacts are Short-term, location specific temporary and reversible. Construction Stage The most important pollutant during this phase will be suspended particulate matter along with gaseous pollutants like dioxides of nitrogen, sulphur, and carbon monoxide. Such deterioration of air quality can be assigned to: Fugitive dust emission from construction activities like excavation, back-filling and concreting Hauling and dumping of earth & construction spoils and vehicular movement along unpaved roads or temporary diversions Gaseous emission from construction equipment and vehicular traffic Emissions from asphalt and hot-mix plants Such impacts will be felt locally as well as along the project road particularly at the sites of bridge construction and the spans of the project taken up for rehabilitation. Operation Stage This stage is characterized by increased intensity of vehicular movement because of improved connectivity thereby increasing pollution load. The impacts of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and respirable particulate matter will increase with the Final Report Volume IV-B: Enviromnent Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-5 Mitigation, Management and Enhancement Measures increasing number of vehicles using this road. Such impacts will be of long term and will be felt within a corridor width of 75m -1O0m on both sides from the edges of the road. The abrasive action of tyres will also add to degradation in air quality. 7.4.1 Impact Prediction Impact Predictions -Air Quality As discussed earlier, the impact assessment is required for construction stage as well as for operational stage of the project road for the whole design life of the project. Impact Predictions during Operational Phase To asses the likely impacts for operational stage on ambient air quality, the prediction of the pollutant concentration has been carried out using CALINE-4 model, which is based on Gaussian dispersion algorithms and used a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the highway. The model can be used to predict the pollutant concentrations for receptors located up to 500 m from the roadway for the various pollutants with reasonable accuracy. Composite Emission Factors Composite Emission factors have been calculated for various types of vehicles likely to ply on the project routes. The basic information on the emission factors has been derived from Indian Institute of Petroleum's publication (IlP): "Vehicle Emissions and Control Perspective in India". These have been adopted by the CPCB as emission norms for vehicles from 2000 A.D. onwards. The following information obtained from various secondary sources has provided important inputs in calculation of the emission factors: * In order to account for variation in emission factor with speed, the guidelines presented by WHO in their 1993 publication on Assessment of source of Air, Water and Land Pollution was used. For vehicles fitted with catalytic converter, the emissions are constant and independent of speed and are presented in Table 7.9. • For diesel operated vehicles, the standards for trucks are given as a function of the engine capacity. Accordingly, these are converted to mass per unit km by assuming typical engine capacity of 112 HP. * For other category diesel vehicles of gross weight below 3.5 tonnes i.e. LCVs and MAVs, the proposed emission are taken to be 50% and 200% respectively (considering half and twice the engine capacity for light commercial and multiple axle vehicles respectively). * The vehicles speed vary in the range of 10-80 kph for diesel vehicles, the speed corrected emissions factors based on their engine capacity for trucks are presented in the Table 7.5: Table 7.5 Speed Corrected Emission Factors (in gm/km/ vehicle) Diesel Vehicle Trucks Speed (kmph) Pollutant 10 20 |30 40 50 | 60 70 | 80 CO 37.80 18.80 12.53 9.40 7.52 6.27 5.37 4.70 Petrol Vehicles (independent of speed) Pollutant | Cars Two Wheelers Three Wheelers CO J 2.72 J 2.0 [ 4.0 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environmnent Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-6 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for PunjabState Road Sector Project The vehicle speed assumed for this project is 80 km/hr. Meteorological Conditions The data regarding the conditions prevailing on the site such as wind speed, direction, mixing height, stability class, etc. were obtained from the India Meteorological Department. For calculating the emissions, worst-case scenario is assumed and concentrations are obtained for worst wind direction, an option in-built into the programme itself. The worst wind direction obtained is with respect to the assumed north. A stability class of F and wind speed of 2.2 m/s used for all runs of the model. Traffic Volumes Traffic volumes used for the model were from the data collected by the Design consultants. However, the traffic was suitably reclassified so that the emission factors calculated above could be used in the model directly. Receptors Receptors are the specific locations, which are likely to be potentially impacted by vehicle emission in project road air basin. For the purpose of assessing exposure of impacts, potential receptors have been identified located within the immediate vicinity up to 100 meters on either side of the project corridor where educational institutions and hospitals are located within this zone. The coordinates of the receptors are relative to the link. Predicted Pollutant Levels With the inputs from the traffic data, meteorological data, emission factors and assumptions all pollutants were predicted with the aid of CALMNE - 4 for the years 2017. Prediction Results and Discussions For the prediction of the ambient air quality, hourly traffic levels derived from the annual average daily traffic predicted from the traffic surveys has been used and the details of the annual average daily traffic has been presented in Chapter 2. The background concentrations were taken from the air quality data collected during the November, 2005 and December, 2005. The measured background concentrations are representing near to the worst conditions as the wind speed and temperature are low during sample collection period. The background concentrations were added to the predicted levels for calculating the total predicted concentrations for 2010, 2020 and 2033. From Table 7.6 it is evident that the Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels will increase with time due to increase of traffic levels between 2005 and 2033. The total predicted concentrations are below the standard stipulated for 1 hour levels for rural and residential areas. The increase in number of vehicles will offset, to a large extent, the positive impact of reduction of emission due to stringent emission norms. Caline-4 June 1989 version was run near Hospital boundary at Sangrur. This was for pollutant CO and the run was for Hour 1 (worst case angle). The detail of site variables, link variables, receptor location and the result are furnished below: Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-7 Mitigation, Management and Enhancement Measures Table 7.6: Caline-4: California Line Source Dispersion Model June 1989 Version Job: Malerkotla - Sangroor Year: 2017 Run: Hour 1 (Worst Case Angle) _ Pollutant: CO I Site Variables U = 2.2 M/S ZO = 55. CM ALT =400. (M) BRG = Worst Case VD = .0 CM/S CLAS = 6(F) VS = .0 CM/S MIXH= 2500. M AMB= 10.0 PPM SIGTH= 15. Degrees Temp = 30.0 Degree (C) H Link Variables Link * Link Coordinates (M) * EF H W Description * XI Y1 X2 Y2 * Type VPH (G/MI) (M) (M) Sangroor Mal * 0 0 500 500 *AG 6381 20.0 .0 50.0 m Receptor Locations and Model Results (Worst Case Wind Angle) =* PRED * Coordinates (m) * BRG * CONC Receptor * X Y Z * (DEG) * (PPM) Rest stop *250 240 1.8 * 42. * 14.3 7.5 Noise Environment Ambient noise quality was monitored at three locations representative of a residential area and silence zone. At both these locations the noise level are higher then permissible standard. Noise quality level during daytime is comparatively much higher than those of during night. This definitely is indicative of a very high degree of use of the road stretch by the vehicular traffic. Pre-Construction stage The noise level will not be impacted appreciably at this stage. The noise levels may increase due to pre construction activities like establishment of workers' camps, movement of construction materials and movement of machineries and equipments for construction. This impact of increased noise level will be local ized, shortterm and reversible. Construction Stage Impacts during this stage are going to be significant for the communities residing along the project corridor. Impacts on different receptors will also vary considerably during the construction stage and these impacts will be localized and limited to stretches where construction work will be under progress, near Equipment / vehicle yard, Plant sites. The machineries and equipment used in construction during their operation add significantly to the noise level. Proper scheduling of operation of such machineries during the construction phase may to a great extent attenuate the noise level leading to lessening of the discomfort level of the affected communities. Other activities related to construction that affect noise quality include stone crushing, asphalt production and batching plants and diesel generators. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-8 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studiesfor PackageII (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Operation Stage During operation stage noise levels will considerable come down due to smooth riding pavement, improvement in junctions etc. Typical noise level of construction equipments is provided in Annexure 7.1. 7.6 Impact on Ecological Resources Flora Pre-Construction Stage Some trees and ground vegetation will be impacted through establishment of construction workers' camps, stockyards for material storage and construction machinery and equipment camps. Such impacts will be temporary and reversible .A large numbers of trees have been saved through adoption of eccentric method of widening for most of the stretch. Out of 12278 trees falling in the project corridor, 5884 stands on LHS and the balance 6394 are on RHS. The project execution will however result in removal of 770 numbers of trees. Approx. 7.3 Ha of roadside protected forest requires diversion. Construction Stage The impact will be significant at this stage, as the tree cover within the proposed Row will be removed in phases as the road upgradation work progresses. This will affect the aesthetics of the corridor. Some usufructs those were available for the communities like shade, fruits, flowers and dry fuel wood from the branches will stop flowing to such communities. This denial will persist for a significant period, as the compensatory vegetation will get established over a time -frame of 7 to 10 yrs. The loss of vegetal cover will also result in higher run-off because of absence of canopy cover of trees. The species and the girth wise details of impacted trees for LHS and RHS have been furnished in Annex 7.2. Operation Stage There will be only beneficial impact during this stage. With the removal of causative factors the ground vegetation will reappear in areas not sealed off during the upgradation process as most of these species are colonizers. Strip plantations will be raised along the stretch of the road and this will cover a much larger area .The composition of such plantations will also be designed in such a manner so as to make usufructs available to the communities that will be lost during the process of execution of the project. Fauna The field survey and interviews conducted during such survey did not indicate presence of any wild animal on / near the project road. Moreover sanctuary does not have access to this road directly, between sanctuary and road there exist urban settlements making it impossible for animals to come on this road. It lies at a distance of approx four km from the project road. It can be concluded that the project will not have any adverse impact on the wild fauna component of the project corridor. 7.7 Impact on Cultural Environment There is no archeological monument along the project corridor within the corridor of impact. However, a number of religious structures exist along the project corridor and such structures will not be impacted by project execution. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-9 Mitigation, Management and Enhancement Measures 7.8 Impact on Socio -Economic Environment The rehabilitation of the project road will in general have beneficial impact on socio- economic front both locally and regionally through improved connectivity of the project area with markets located in the state an adjoining areas. But there will be also some adverse impacts resulting from i. Resettlement of People ii. Relocation of community structures iii. Acquisition of land and structures iv. Influx of Construction Workers v. Economic Impacts The execution of the project will effect 16 assets / properties as given in the Table 7.7. In addition to these, there are a number of Project Affected Households, Project Affected Families and Project Affected Persons. The numbers against each category are 14, 19 and 63. Table 7.7: Details of Properties Affected % Of Affected Ownership Type of Impact / Loss Assets / Properties Number %age Private Properties Shop 1 6.25 Small Industry of animal feed 1 6.25 Other Business (under ground construction 1 6.25 of Weigh Bridge) Boundary Wall 1 6.25 Total Structures 4 25 Community Hand Pumps 6 37.5 Properties (CPRs) Bus Shelters 6 37.5 Total CPRs 12 75 Grand Total 16 100 It is evident from the table that mostly community properties will be affected by the project execution. The resettlement action plan provides for Resettlement and Rehabilitation of the project affected people Process of land acquisition along with the compensation package Relocation of community structures . Mechanism for keeping the proponent organization accountable for proper implementation of RAP Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-10 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for PackageII (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 7.9 Impact on Safety and Public Health Road safety Construction Stage Communities inhabiting the area of impact corridor will obviously bear the brunt of discomforts arising out of increasing pollution load during the construction stage. There will also be some concern for them as far as safety measures are concerned. Such levels of discomfort can be reduced with proper planning and rotation of work in different stretches of the road. However , special attention will be given while organizing construction work particularly in and around minor and major settlements along the project road. The impacts can be classified as: * Psychological impacts of project affected people a Migration of workers and siting of construction camps may lead to problems of sanitation. This might also lead to transmission of communicable diseases a Discomforts arising out of air and noise pollution. Operation Stage The operation stage will obviously envisage both negative and positive impacts. Positive impacts will arise from increase width of pavement on road way, more effective cross and lateral drainage and increasing safety measures at areas of urbanisation. The negative impact will ensue from larger traffic volumes exposing commuters and users of the road to hazards of accidents. Installation of proper road safety system through signage, barricades, crash barriers, edge posts / parapets will add to be safety of the vehicular traffic on the stretch of the road. It may also be necessary to properly designate areas for cross over by pedestrians, school children and cattle. All these factors are likely to cumulatively lead to better safety of the road users and local inhabitants. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 7-1 1 I I I I Mitigation Avoidance and Enhancement Measures -- 8 I I I I I I I l I I I -I ---- ". - -1-- - I -- l - - - - -1-11-1-1--l-.1'.. - -- 1-11-1-- Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 8. MITIGATION, AVOIDANCE AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES 8.0 Overview Any infrastructure development work is likely to bring in both adverse and beneficial impacts on biophysical, socio-cultural environment of a particular. It needs to be consciously pursued to devise measures to mitigate adverse impacts if it is not possible to avoid it. Management measures may to a great extent help in reducing the magnitude on such impacts and to keep them at acceptable levels keeping in view the long term sustainable development of a region on sound environmental considerations. Road projects particularly bring in adverse impacts on pollution load of different environmental parameters like soil, water, air, noise, and ecological resources. There will also be impact on the socio- economic parameters of the locality resulting in displacement / dislocation / relocation for people and properties. This may also impact sensitive areas as far as conservation of biological resources of a particular area is concerned. Cultural properties / heritage sites may also be affected by such project execution. However, the impacts resulting from the project have been discussed in details in the preceding chapter and the present chapter deals with mitigation, management and enhancement measures of different components of the environment impacted by this project. Avoidance measures adopted in the design stage is presented in Table 8.1 8.1 Meteorological Parameters Whatever the little impact will be on the climate at micro level will be mitigated by way of compensatory afforestation on double the land to be diverted and new avenue plantations to be done at the stretches where tree covers do not exist. The tree removal resulting in loss of shade by road users is also a temporary negative impact, Such impacts will disappear with the restoration a vegetal cover over a much larger area. 8.2 Topography Embankment height has not been raised all along the road except at Chainage km 58.300 where reconstruction of culvert is proposed and approaches of bridges where additional 2 lane bridges are being constructed. At these places only 0.2 to 0.3 m have raised embankment height. 8.3 Soil Erosion Control Embankment slopes are gentle. For most of the stretches the embankment is low. This makes such slopes less vulnerable to rill and sheet erosion. Grass turfing of exposed slopes will also reduce possibilities of erosion. Construction of embankments in bridge approaches may be organized in dry season to avoid erosion process setting in high embankment on bridge approaches. Grass turfing will be taken up as practice provided in IRC: 56-1974. Apron and approaches of bridges and cross drainage structures will be paved with suitable paving materials for prevention of erosion during heavy rains. Control of soil erosion will also include; To place control measures in position for prevention of sedimentation by surface run- off during the monsoon Siting storage yards of excavated materials with protection measure to prevent their movement. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-1 Public Consultation 8.3.1 Soil Contamination Such contamination may occur because of leakage of fuel, lubricants, waste oils, bitumen, emulsion etc for the construction and allied activities but by nature thi impact will be localized. Construction Stage Control measures will include: * Stripping and preservation of topsoil of Borrow areas, land acquired for temporary diversion during construction, new alignments for additional 2 lane bridges. • Restricting the movement of Heavy machinery and construction vehicles on productive land. * Refueling, Change of lubricants / oil and repairing to be carried at designated places provided cemented platform and oil interceptors. Construction of sump and provision of an impervious concrete base at all fuel, waste oil, bitumen, emulsion etc storage yards • Use of non-toxic wastes in the project as far as possible * Measures for minimization of waste and proper collection, storage, of all solid and liquid wastes generated • Provision of concrete platforms at parking bays * Construction of washing bays with interceptor and use of oil trays for collection of oil spills during emergency repairs at site * Restoration of borrows areas and land used for temporary diversion by laying topsoil. Operation Stage Impacts are anticipated only in case of accidents involving large spills of hazardous materials and petroleum products. This will require to be handled through the local authorities installed for disaster management. 8.3.2 Management of Soil Borrow Areas and Quarries The borrow areas for collection of materials have been identified at km 70.00, km 67.00 and km 58.50. Only one quarry area has been selected at Mubarakpur village, Panchkula, Haryana. The details of the borrow areas have been furnished in Table 4.14. Contractor will open the borrow areas only after taking permission from EO Supervision Consultant, Opening and management of borrow areas be done as per Guidelines m Borrow Area Management and Clause 111 of Road and Bridge specification of MoRT&H. The borrow to the extent possible will not opened in Agricultural field, In Right of way and loss of vegetation should be minimum. Borrow areas should be rehabilitated as per agreement and in line with measures detailed in Guidelines III for Borrow Area management. 8.3.3 Loss ofAgriculture Land Around 32.28 ha of land will be acquired in this project, which is very small compared to Agriculture land available in Punjab. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-2 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 1 8.4 Water Environment 8.4.1 Impact on Surface Water Bodies The project involves strengthening and widening of existing bridges from two lanes to four lanes on canals. This will be achieved by doing concentric widening on 4 bridges and additional 2-lane bridge at five locations. One wastewater pond is also very near to road. Potential mitigation measures to protect water quality will include: * Use of sediment traps and minimization of soil movement I Use of oil/ water separators to extract floating oils. * Channeling run-off with high level of suspended solids into sedimentation ponds. I Proper storage of contaminated liquids and disposal after treatment to bring such liquids within prescribed permissible limits. * Turfing with grass or planting with tress of all exposed areas as soon as possible to reduce erosion risks. * Restricting construction activities near water bodies or canals as far practicable during the dry season. * On site fueling area of vehicles and equipments will be selected away from water bodies and should be protected by a berm to prevent run-off from leaving the area. Construction material handling procedures e.g. storage away from water sources and provision of retention areas to contain accidental spills of such toxic, hazardous and . Harmful construction materials like asphalt, oil and petroleum products will be prepared and applied. Silt fencing will be provided to prevent sediments from the construction site entering into nearby courses. The number of silt fencing proposed is given in Table 8.2. Table 8.1: Silt Fencing Locations S. Type Chainage Side Location No I Drain 47.270 Both Gurudev nagar village 2 Canal 51.445 Both Sanglai village 3 Pond 54.750 Right Bhasaur village 4 Canal 54.790 Both Bhasaur village 5 Canal 57.090 Both Bhasaur village 6 Canal 57.790 Both Babbanpur village 7 Canal 57.850 Both Babbanpur village 8 Canal 59.570 Both Dhuri town 9 Canal 64.780 Both Dhuri town 10 Drain 72.240 Both Gurdaspura village Working within Water Courses All precautions will be taken to prevent blockage of water channels during excavation, foundation, piling works and construction of diversions. Such precautions will include: Construction work for irrigation canals will be taken up only after due consultation with stake holders Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-3 Public Consultation * Works will be planned in a manner so as to avoid taking up foundation works during monsoon. Such works will be scheduled for completion during the dry season. * All spoils and debris generated during construction shall be cleaned up quickly and regularly. • Bentonite slurry pits will be located away from canals and after completion of piling works such slurry pits will be disposed off away from the watercourse. Disruption to Water Users During construction while working on live irrigation canals flow may require to be stopped. In such eventuality contractor has to inform all the downstream users well in advance about the duration of disruption in water and this will be done in consultation with the downstream users. The construction schedule on these canals be such that flow of water is not disrupted during peak irrigation canal. Moreover work on Kotla Canal at Babbanpur be carried out in such a way that disruption in production of electricity does not takes place. Ground Water Resources 6 hand pumps which are coming in Corridor of Impact will be suitably replaced with a new hand pumps as per drawing attached as annexure in consultation with community concerned. (Refer Annexure 8 for details) In urban areas water recharge pit has been provided along with hand pump, so that wastewater or extra water flows into it and in rural areas plantations have been provided where water can flow into it. 8.5 Air Environment Pre ConstructionStage Some control measures have been built into the design phase. These include improvement of road geometry, widening and rehabilitation of road for smooth traffic flow and 4- laning of approach road to proposed bridges, provision of pavements. These measures will reduce pollution load of suspended particulate matter in particular. Construction Stage The Construction activities are primary responsible for dust generation whereas the operation of the plant and machineries are responsible for emission of gaseous pollutants. The dust dispersion can be controlled through dust suppression methods of sprinkling of water at regular intervals. As far as gaseous pollutants from construction plant and machinery are concerned, this can be kept under control through a the adoption of following measures: * Vehicles delivering fine materials like soil and fine aggregates shall be covered to avoid/reduce spills on existing roads. * Batch type hot mix plants fitted with the bag filter / cyclone and scrubber will be installed for the reduction of the air pollution. * Pollution control systems like water sprinkling and dust extractors and cover on conveyors will be installed for the crushers. * All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the emission levels conform to the SPCB/CPCB norms. * Air pollution monitoring plan has been delineated for construction phase separately for checking the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted during the construction phase of the Contract. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-4 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Asphalt and hot mix plants will be located at least 1000 m away from settlements and 300m from the road. Plantation of pollution resistant species like Azadirachta indicia, Ficus bengalensis, Albizzia lebbek, Polyalthia longifolia etc while replacing the strip plantation may help in attenuating pollution load of gases and particulate matter. Operation Stage Because of smooth traffic on improved surface roads the vehicular pollution is likely to improve. However, such beneficial impact may also be negated by substantial rise in density of vehicular traffic at this stage because of improved connectivity of the region and resulting induced development. To minimize impact during this particular stage, it will be also necessary to avoid ribbon development along the road stretch. Strict monitoring of emission norms of vehicles on this road need be enforced for appreciation of the beneficial impact. Monitoring of the air pollution levels has been proposed in this stage to keep pollution levels within the prescribed limits of CPCB / SPCB. 8.6 Noise Environment Construction Stage During construction stage, noise and vibration will be significant particularly in the busy intersections and near settlements. Mitigation of disturbing noise level will be achieved through following measures: All construction equipments and vehicles should be maintained in good working condition to keep their noise level within permissible limit of CPCB/ SPCB standards * Construction camp and temporary labour sheds will be located away from the vicinity of construction site and major traffic areas. * Stationary construction equipments will be placed at a minimum distance of 300 m. form settlements and silence zones. Construction activities in settlements and near by areas will be scheduled to be carried out during the hours of the day to cause minimum discomfort to community. Operation Stage With the improvement of road surface after rehabilitation noise level is likely to get attenuated in the initial years after commission. But over a period of time the increased vehicular traffic along the stretch of road may negate such beneficial impact. The proposed raising of tree cover along the sides of road embankment and toe with the right mix of small, medium and tall trees is likely to attenuate noise level to acceptable limits. Provisions have been made for monitoring of noise level during operation stage to obtain a trend to enable the proponent organization to decide on adoption of measures like erection of sound barriers particularly to protects silence zones and sensitive receptors if dictated by such monitoring measures. A masonary noise barrier has been proposed around a sensitive receptor of the Government Hospital at Sangrur. The detailed design of the noise barrier has been provided in the Environment Management Plan. 8.7 Construction Camp The following criteria will guide the establishment of labour camps, offices and construction plat sites: These will be located at a distance of 1OOOm away from any major settlement or village Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-5 Public Consultation These will never be located at a distance of less than lOOOm from surface water sources. Some principles as laid down here in below should be adhered to in management of these camps: • Such camps should always be provided with a proper fence or a boundary wall. * There should be restriction on the movement of workers from the camps particularly during the hours of the light. * Plant and machinery operation should be restricted between the hours of 6 am to 9 pm. 8. 7.1 Facilities at workers camps Workers camps should be provided with facilities like sanitation, shelter, canteen, health care and day creche. 8.8 Ecology Flora The impact has been proposed to be mitigated through planting at least 2 times the number of tress removed. This afforestation plan will be drawn up and executed by state forest departnent. This department generally consults stakeholders while deciding on the species mix and the pattern of planting in such afforestation projects. Sprinkling of some fruit bearing and flowering species in this afforestation plan will enrich this region with a variety of birds in addition to restoration of all associated benefits to the community that were lost to them during construction stage through the removal of vegetal cover. Local grasses, shrubs, and herbs will generally reappear in all blank/barren patches in the project corridor during the operation stage, as most of these species are pioneer colonizing ones. 8.9 Cultural Environment The execution of the project will involve relocation of 12 community properties and 4 private properties. The cost of such relocation has been provided for in the RAP. The impact of private property is very minimal and a suitable compensation package has been designed in the RAP to compensate for the loss / relocation of such properties. As far as the Project Affected Households and the Project Affected Families are concerned, a suitable package for compensating their losses has been provided in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). 8.10 Road Safety Design Stage Safety of road users, particularly pedestrians, given due consideration at this particular stage. Both sides of the road will have pavements for use by pedestrians. In addition to this keeping view the safety of vehicular traffic on approaches to bridges the road is being widened to 4-lane. Construction Stage For provision of required safety precaution traffic management plan will be prepared and implemented during construction in accordance of IRC:SP:55 (Guidelines on Safety in Road Construction Zones). During the process of construction bridges over the canals appropriate route diversion signages and management of traffic detours will be implemented. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-6 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 8.10.1 Health/Safety Measures for Labors First Aid boxes with first aid leaflets will be placed at all work places and at least four sets in the each construction camp. Some of the workers will be given first aid training to treat some of the emergencies at the working zones and at auxiliary sites. Arrangements with nearby health centers and local doctors will be made for treating injuries, which needs attention of specialist doctors. During the construction phase, workers will be provided personal protective equipments based on the nature of the work. Personal protective equipment will include: Safety glasses for protection of eyes * Face Shields and Masks for protection of face and nose I Helmets and Safety shoes for protection of Head and Feet . Gloves, Vests and Earplugs for protection of Hand/Arms, Bodies and Hearing 8.10.2 Traffic Safety Plans Design Stage This has been taken care of through provision of 2.5m paved shoulders on one side and 1.5 m earthen shoulder on the other side of the road. All the bridges are getting widened to four lane along with their approaches. Construction Stage All required safety precautions and traffic management plans will be prepared and implemented during construction in accordance with the IRC: SP: 55 (Guidelines of Safety in road construction zones) will be followed. There will be conscious effort to ensure that the road users and the communities near the work site suffer minimal discomfort during the construction phase of different stretches of the road. A suitable Traffic Management Plan will be prepared especially for construction sites and bridge locations and their approaches. 8.11 Enhancement Measures In accordance with World Bank operative directives additional positive actions need be encouraged is a part of EA process apart from remedial mitigation measures that have been proposed to adjust the negative impact during the project. Such environment enhancements are undertaken with the specific purpose of giving benefits to the road users and communities living along the project road. Such gestures bring a lot of goodwill from the local communities and this helps to rally support of the stakeholders in execution of the project in the fixed time frame. Three sites along the project road have been identified for enhancement. Two of the sites are religious places for the communities living along the project road. A gurudwara at Km. 47.30 and a temple at Km. 54.70 have been identified for this purpose. The other site is govt. high school located at Km. 67.10. The selection of sites has been done after consultation with the stakeholders. Enhancement will include provision of a boundary wall, landscaping, planting of trees and shrubs and provision of appropriately design sitting platforms. In addition to these two village gates and 14 bus bays have been selected for enhancement through landscaping. Provision also has been for installation of hand pumps at village gates.The waste water pond at Bhasaur village will be enhanced through landscaping to screen off the site from road users and also to break the monotony of of features along the project corridor. To get the support of the young school going children, access to ten Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-7 Public Consultation schools( Refer annexure 2.8 of EMP) along the project corridor has been proposed to be improved. The details of enhancement sites have been provided at Table 8.3 Table 8.2: Summary of Environment Enhancement Sites Si. No. Type of Property Nos. 1 Religious Structure 2 2 Surface water body 1 3 Educational Institution 1 4 Safe Assess to School 10 5 Enhancement of Bus bays 14 6 Village Gates 2 8.12 Environment Budget The environment budget for the road is 3 crores 60 lacs 98 thousand only. The details are given below: Table 8.3: Summary of Environment Budget ITEMS COST (Rs.) Forest clearance 32494000.00 Mitigation 311186.00 Monitoring 676500.00 Enhancement 897260.00 Total 34378946.00 Contingency 1718947.30 Total 36097893.30 Say 36098000.00 Training 690000.00 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 8-8 I I I I Institutional Arrangement 9 l I I I I1 I I I Il Il I Il I I t ii ii i i i i i I I tIi t I i i I I i I I Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project 9. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 9.1 General The Monitoring and Evaluation are critical activities in implementation of the Project. Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to plan or not. It provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure project objectives are met and on schedule. The reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the Environmental Management Plan is implemented. This chapter summarizes the institutional arrangements, reporting system arrangements and training details for the implementation of the environmental management plan. 9.2 Existing Institutional Arrangements 9.2.1 Existing Institutional Capacity in PRBDB The Punjab Roads and Bridges Development Board (PRBDB) has been entrusted the responsibility of successful implementation of the Punjab State Road Sector Project funded by the World Bank The PRBDB comes under the Secretary Public Works. Presently, PRBDB is headed by the Chief Engineer. The Chief Engineer is assisted by the Joint Secretary, who is on deputation from the Public Works Department (PWD). Under the Joint Secretary, there are two Executive Engineers and five Assistant Engineers. The Executive Engineers and the Assistant Engineers are also on deputation from the PWD. The existing administrative setup of the PWD and PRBDB is depicted in. The Chief Engineer who is responsible for the successful implementation of the Project. Executive Engineers and his supporting staff as Employers representatives nominated for the project are responsible for the implementation of the Projects under his division. 9.2.2 Other Stake Holders The other stakeholders, who assist PRBDB, include the Design and Construction Supervision Consultant, Contractors and NGOs. Design and Supervision Consultant The Design and Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC) have been appointed to assist the PRBDB for the Project preparation and Construction Supervision of the selected roads during the construction stage. The Environmental Specialist in the Design stage is responsible for the preparation of EA as per the ToR specified in the Contract between the Consultant and Client. The Supervision Consultant will assume the duty of the Engineer during the Construction stage of the project. The Environmental Engineer will be responsible for monitoring of the implementation of the environmental management aspects. The CSC will monitor the environmental mitigation measures specified in the Environmental Management Plan specified in Contracts with the assistance of the Environmental Specialist. Responsibilities of the CSC's Environmental Specialist are given in Box 9.1. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 9-1 Institutonal Arrangement Box 9.1: Major Responsibilities for Environmental Specialist of Supervision Consultants The PSRSP financed by the World Bank, integrates environmental and social issues in the planning and design of the Roads. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for each construction package and is integrated in the Technical Specification and Contract Documents. The prime duty of the Environmental Specialist is to monitor the implementation of the EMP by the Contractors and to ensure that the day- to-day construction activities are carried out in an environmentally sound and sustainable basis. Principal Duties * Supervise the implementation of the EMP by the Contractors. * Hold regular consultation meetings with the environmental engineers of PRBDB and Contractor * Organize periodic environmental training programs and workshops for the staff of the Contractors, Construction Supervision Consultants and the PRBDB. * Develop guidelines of good practices to assist the Contractors in implementing the EMP. * Monitor the periodic environmental monitoring (air, noise, water, etc.) programs to ensure compliance with the statutory requirements. * Prepare and submit regular environmental monitoring and implementation progress reports 9.3 Need for Further Strengthening There is a need to strengthen the PRBDB unit by inducting manpower, as there are three packages with many contract packages going on simultaneously. It has been estimated that the present resources of the PRBDB will be extremely stretched due to overlap of construction activities. It is therefore, recommended that one deputy project director for each construction package should be appointed. Additionally, social and environmental managers need to be inducted to assist Project Director. 9.4 Proposed Institutional Capacity 9.4.1 Proposed Setup for PRBDB It is proposed to strengthen the PRBDB for effective implementation of the Project. The PRBDB will be headed by the Project Director who will have the overall responsibility for the implementation of the entire project. A Deputy Director will be appointed who will report to the Project Director and assist him. A Project Monitoring Cell will be set up in the PRBDB, which will act as the Contract Management Unit (CMU) and will be responsible for execution of the Projects. Project Execution Units will be set up under the supervision of the Contract Management Unit for each Contract Package. It is suggested that three Project Execution Units (PEUs) will be set up for Package Ill. Each PEU will be headed by an Executive Engineer (EEs) and supported by two Sub Divisional Engineers (SDEs). It is proposed that an Environmental Management Plan Implementation Unit (EMPIU) and a Social Development and Resettlement Cell and will be set up within each PEU. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 9-2 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatorv Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project The EMPIU will have an Environmental Expert who will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of the EMP with the assistance of the Environmental Specialist of the Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC) and the Contractor. The Environmental Expert will be assisted by two Environmental Engineers. The EMPUI of PEU will assist the CMU and the Project Director and will interact with State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), State Forest Dept., NGO & various Committees for addressable of environmental issues. In the PRBDB Head Office, there will be an Environmental Officer within the Project Management Information System Unit who will assist the Project Director on the environmental matters and also interact with the CMU, PEUs and its EMPIUs. The proposed set up for implementation of PSRSP is given in Fig-9.1. PRBDB Project Director ESDRC Deputy Project Director * Project Manager NODAL (Coordination) OFFICERS / * Project Manager (Environment) csc * Project Manager (Social) Environmnent ::: G Executive Engineer Fig-9.1: Institutional/ Implementation Arrangements 9.4.2 Other Stakeholders Construction Supervision Consultants The supervision consultants will assume the powers and responsibilities of the Engineer for each of the Package and assist the PRBDB in implementation. It is recommended that CSC should have the following capacities/ capabilities. * It is expected that the supervision consultants will have the necessary capability to supervise the implementation of the environmental measures proposed in the EMP * The CSC to be selected through International Contract Bidding (ICB)/ National Contract Bidding (NCB) are expected to have the in-house capacity to advise on and supervise the implementation of the EMP * The CSC should have capacity for making decisions regarding applicability of enhancement design options and any modifications, if needed. CSC will appoint a full time Environmental Specialist for this package. Contractor For the construction of the roads the Construction Contractors will be appointed under the ICB/ NCB system based on the cost of the project and required technical expertise. The Construction Contractor is responsible for the physical implementation of the mitigation measures proposed in the Environmental Management Plans (EMP). To ensure the effective implementation of the EMP, the EMP will be made as part of the Contract Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 9-3 InstitutonalArrangement Document between the Construction Contractor and Client. It follows that the Contractor has environmental/social expertise to incorporate environmentally sound construction methods. Though each Contractor will have a set-up for executing works specified in the EMP, it is expected that a certain portion of its staff will have enough environmental awareness necessary for the successful completion of the works entrusted. NGOs For the implementation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), NGOs will be appointed. NGOs shall be appointed immediately after the finalization of the RAP to complete all Resettlement and Rehabilitation activities before starting the physical implementation of the Project. It is advisable to appoint the NGOs who has local working knowledge and acquainted with the Word Bank procedures. 9.5 Environmental Reporting System Environmental monitoring will involve regular checking of the environmental management issues detailed in the EMP and to ascertain whether the mitigation measures are going according to the EMP along with the progress of the works. It provides the necessary feedback for Project management to keep the program on schedule. The Details of the environmental reporting system are in EMP for this package. 9.6 Operationalization Operationalization of the environmental setup for this project would involve identification and appointment of staff for the project from the Department and procurement of design and supervision consultants, NGOs, Contractors and other agencies responsible for implementation. These aspects are detailed below; 9.6.1 Appointment of Staff Staff including one Environmental and Social Specialist has been appointed for the successful implementation of the project. 9.6.2 Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) The PRBDB has awarded the design and construction supervision consultancy to the same Consultancy firm. 9.6.3 Contractors One Contractor for each package of the works will be appointed through the ICB/ NCB contracting systems based on the cost and technical capabilities required for the project execution 9.7 Training The basic objective of giving training to different Stakeholder is to enhance their capabilities for implementation of Environment Management and Monitoring Plan. It is recommended that training be given at least 4 times both offsite and on site * Before Start of Construction Work • During Construction > During Construction > During Construction at site > Before de-mobilization of Contractor * After construction before start of Monitoring Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 9-4 ConsultancyServices for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project The training modules have been developed. Table 9.1: Training Module Mode of Environmental Aspects Training Sl. No. Training Recipients to be covered in training Conducting Training modules Agency SESSION-I Module-I Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lecture Environmental overview SC Level) involved in the project, Sessions, and Environmental staff of SC Consultant, PWD Workshops & Regulations & Acts engineers involved in Presentation construction, contractor, and collaborating Government agencies Module-II Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lecture Environmental Impact SC Level) involved in the project, Sessions, Assessment: Highway staff of SC Consultant, PWD Workshops & Projects & engineers involved in Presentation Environmental Issues construction, contractor, and collaborating Government agencies Module-III Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lecture Environmental SC Level) involved in the project, Sessions, Management Plan for staff of SC Consultant, PWD Workshops & Highway Projects with engineers involved in Presentation Special emphasis on construction, contractor, and Contract Clauses Viz a collaborating Government Viz EMP I agencies SESSION -II Module-IV Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lectures; Environmental Issues in SC Level) involved in the project, Group the Project staff of SC Consultant, PWD Discussions engineers involved in construction, contractor, and collaborating Government agencies. Module-V Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lectures; Environmentally Sound SC Level) involved in the project, Demonstratio Construction staff of SC Consultant, PWD n sessions; Management & engineers involved in Group Environmentally, construction, contractor, and Discussions Sustainally operations of collaborating Government Highways agencies Module-VI Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lectures; Monitoring and SC Level) involved in the project, Group Reporting Formats staff of SC Consultant, PWrD Discussions engineers involved in construction, contractor, and collaborating Government -agencies Module for Training during Construction Module-I Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lecture Implementation of SC Level) involved in the project, Sessions, Environment staff of Supervision Workshops & Management Plan, Consultant, PWD engineers Presentation Environmental Friendly involved in construction, Construction contractor, and collaborating Methodology and Government agencies Workers Safety during Construction Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 9-5 InstitutonalArrangement Mode of Environmental Aspects Training Sl. No. Training Recipients Training to be covered in training Conducting ______modules Agency Module-II Staff of PRBDB (Nodal Lecture Monitoring and SC Level) involved in the project, Sessions, Reporting System staff of Supervision Workshops & Consultant, PWD engineers Presentation involved in construction, contractor, and collaborating Government agencies Module for Training during Construction at Site Module-I Staff of Supervision Lecture Environmental Friendly SC Consultant, PWD engineers Sessions, Construction involved in construction, All Workshops & Methodology and Staff of contractor involved in Presentation Workers Safety during construction Construction Module for Training before Contractor Demobilization Module-I Staff of TA Consultant, PWD Lecture Restoration of Site SC engineers involved in Sessions, construction, Contractor Workshops & Presentation Module-II Staff of TA Consultant, PWD Lecture Reporting Formats for SC engineers involved in Sessions, Restoration construction, Contractor Workshops & I Presentation After Construction before Start of Monitoring Module-I PWD / PRBDB engineers Lecture Environment Monitoring SC involved in monitoring Sessions, Workshops & Presentation Module-II PWD / PRBDB engineers Lecture Reporting Formats SC involved in monitoring Sessions, Workshops & ._ Presentation *-S Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) 9-6 I I I I I Annexure I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I i i i III I t i i II Ii i Ii i i i i I i I i Ii Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudiesfor Package II (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annexure 2.1 Details of Right of Way Si Chainage (km) (m) No. ROW No. From To 1. 45.00 53.00 24.50 2. 53.00 57.70 28.80 3. 57.70 58.10 32.70 4. 58.10 61.50 24.50 5. 61.50 65.00 24.90 6. 65.00 68.00 21.80 7. 68.00 71.00 39.60 8. 71.00 73.00 27.70 9. 73.00 77.20 25.00 - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotia A - I Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudiesfor PackageII (Phase I)/or PunjabState Road Sector Project Annex 4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 1997) Concentration in Ambient air Pollutant Time Weighted (±g/Im3) Average Industrial Rural and Sensitive Residential Sulphur Dioxide (S02) Annual Average* 80 60 15 24 hr** 120 80 30 Oxides of Nitrogen (as N02) Annual Average * 80 60 15 24 hr** 120 80 30 Suspended particulate Matter Annual Average * 360 140 70 (SPM) 24 hr** 500 200 100 Respirable particulate matter Annual Average * 120 60 50 (<10 jm) (RPM) 24 hr** 150 100 75 Lead Annual Average * 1.0 0.75 0.50 24 hr** 1.5 1.00 0.75 8 hr Carbon monoxide mg/m3 5.0 2.0 1.0 1 hr 10.0 4.0 2.0 * Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurement in a year taken for a interval. week 24 hourly at uniform ** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should meet 98 percent of the time in a year Source: Central Pollution Control Board (1997) National Ambient Air Quality NAQMS/a/1996-97. Monitoring Series, On-Site Air Quality Monitoring Results SL. Air Quality Parameters (jig/In 3) No. Air Quality Sampling No.RPM Location Area R | PM eters (|gSO SPM NO,, SO 2 ) 1 Malerkotla, Meeting pt. of Residential 124 406 26.4 15.1 Khanna-Malerkotla Road 2 Sangrur, Main Market Commercial 248 721 32.5 22.4 Source: Phase-I Consultants Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A-2 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for PackageII (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 4.2 National Ambient Noise Level Standards A otLimits in Decibels (dB A) Area Code Category Day Time Night Time A Industrial 75 70 B Commercial 65 55 C Residential 55 45 D Silence Zones 50 40 Note: (1) Daytime: 6 AM to 9 P.M., Night-time 9 PM to 6 AM; (2) Silence zone is an area up to 100 m around premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Source: Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi Noise Level Monitoring Results Distance from Noise Level Category iN Sampling Location the edge of the Sampling dB(A) of the o road (m) tine Mi area 1 Near Modern Public School, Malerkotla, 2.5 12.25 pm 39.0 54.0 silence Khanna-Malerkotla Road * - Source: * Phase-I ConsultantsField Survey Final Report Volume IV-B: Environrunent Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A - 3 ConsultancyServicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 4.3 On-Site Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results SI No. Parameters and Unit GW-Malerkotla Desirable Value 1. Temperature °C 28 2. Color Colourless 3. Odour Unobjectio-nable _ 4. Taste Saline - 5. Turbidity 2.0 - 6. pH 7.25 6.5-8.5 7. Conductivity (jnmhos/cm) at 25 °C 1838 8. TDS (mg/L) 1040 9. Total Hardness (Mg/l as CaCO3) 460 10. Total Hardness (mg/l CaCO3) 544 300-600 11. Chloride (mg/i) 192 250-1000 12. Sulphate (mg/I as SO 4) 72 200-400 13. Nitrate (mg/l as NO3) 2.5 45-100 14. Sodium (mg/l as Na) 120 15. Potassium (mg/I as K) 35.3 16. Calcium mg/l as K) 114 17. Magnesium (mg/l as Mg) 42.5 18. Iron (mg/l as Fe) 0.32 0.3-1.0 19. Percent Sodium (%) 34.1 20. Sodium Absorption Ratio 2.43 Source: Phase-IConsultants Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A-4 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 4.3 Ground Water Testing Results of the Study Area Sampling Location and Date Si. Name of T/W NO- T/W NO T/W NO No Sampling 6/W2NO-4T/WNOcceptNOb Parameter Dhuri Dhuri Dhuri Manadi OffcCe) le 08-03-04 08-03-04 08-03-04 0-07-05 06-07-05 - 1.0 1. Turbidity (NTU) - - - - 5.0 2. Colour (Pt-Go) Colour- Colour- Colour- Colour- Colour- less less less less less 3. Test and Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Unobjecti odour(Qualitative) onable 7.0-8.5 4. PH - - - - - 5. Total Solids,mg/l 470 390 420 710 800 500 200 6. Total Alkalinity 300 290 280 490 420 (as CaCo3), mg/l _____ 200 7. Total hardness 190 190 170 296 290 - (as CaCo3), mg/l 8. Calcium (as 32 30 28 28.8 27 75 CaCo3), mgIl 26.40 27 29 53 53 <30 MaCesiu (as I ______3 _ _ I______I__ CaCo3),_m g/ I Source: Water Quality Testing Laboratory, Punjab Water Supply And Sewerage Board, Sangrur. Final Report Volume IV-B3: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A-5 ConsultancyServices for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I)for PunjabState Road Sector Project Annex 4.4 Tree inventory along the project road MALERKOTLA - DHURI Chainage(Km) LHS RHS Total Dist.of first row from the edge of the road in Grith(cm) <50 50-100 mt 100-200 >200 Total <50 50-100 100-200 >200 Total <50 50-100 100-200 >200 Total 44-45 162 72 3 0 237 163 96 22 0 281 325 168 25 0 518 3.7 45-46 142 33 2 0 177 145 27 26 0 198 287 60 28 0 375 3.8 46-47 278 80 7 0 365 188 62 24 0 274 466 142 31 0 639 3.7 47-48 272 53 1 0 326 133 86 41 0 260 405 139 42 0 586 3.9 48-49 96 81 1 0 178 74 62 28 0 164 170 143 29 0 342 3.7 49-50 158 51 4 0 213 126 47 38 0 211 284 98 42 0 424 3.5 50-51 216 57 1 0 274 272 57 10 0 339 488 114 11 0 613 3.6 51-52 260 139 4 1 404 192 104 55 0 351 452 243 59 1 755 3.6 52-53 177 127 15 0 319 91 213 63 0 367 268 340 78 0 686 3.6 53-54 195 169 5 0 369 113 167 39 0 319 308 336 44 0 688 3.6 54-55 83 48 8 1 140 58 80 23 0 161 141 128 31 1 301 2.1 55-56 10 4 35 30 79 4 12 42 0 58 14 16 77 30 137 4.1 56-57 24 20 5 0 49 15 20 5 0 40 39 40 10 0 89 3.6 57-58 29 36 0 0 65 20 7 0 0 27 49 43 0 0 92 3.5 58-59 23 11 1 0 3511 14 1 0 26 34 25 2 0 61 3.4 59-60 38 28 3 0 69 27 46 4 0 77 65 74 7 0 146 3.8 60-61 61 20 2 0 83 28 27 15 0 70 89 47 17 0 153 3.7 61-62 47 36 13 1 97 70 46 11 0 127 117 82 24 1 224 3.7 62-63 32 23 2 1 58 29 41 11 0 81 61 64 13 1 139 3.8 1 13537 _____ 3434 4062 2302 570 34 6968 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A-6 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudiesfor Package 11 (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project DHURI - SANGRUR = = Dist.of first row Chainage(Km) LHS RHS Total 100-200 >200 Total Grith(cm) <50 50-100 100-200 >200 Total <50 50-100 100-200 >200 Total <50 50-100 612 2.9 63-64 243 22 1 0 266 149 126 71 0 346 392 148 72 0 942 2.9 64-65 249 101 2 0 352 326 181 83 0 590 575 282 85 0 0 408 3.1 65-66 131 36 0 0 167 173 49 19 0 241 304 85 19 0 740 3.5 66-67 285 17 0 0 302 267 147 24 0 438 552 164 24 838 3.9 67-68 323 12 1 0 336 404 87 11 0 502 727 99 12 0 0 761 3.9 68-69 315 33 5 0 353 318 70 20 0 408 633 103 25 3.7 69-70 404 42 1 0 447 309 58 18 0 385 713 100 19 0 832 3.4 70-71 83 26 5 0 114 17 25 5 0 47 100 51 10 0 161 3.5 71-72 6 4 0 0 10 3 0 0 0 3 9 4 0 0 13 2347 2960 4005 1036 266 0 5307 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A-7 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studiesfor Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 4.5 List of tube wells Si. No. CDistance from (hana) Sd(RgtLf) C/L (mn) Location I(760ket20GvndNgr)ilg 1 47.600 Left 20 Govind Nagar Village 2 47.900 Left 20 Govind Nagar Village 3 47.950 Right 20 Govind Nagar Village 4 49.600 Right 25 Ratola Village 5 49.750 Left 17 Ratola Village 6 50.600 Right 30 Ratola Village 7 51.300 Right 35 Sangli Village 8 53.600 Right 20 Rustamgarh Village 9 53.880 Right 30 Rustamgarh Village 10 54.200 Right 22 Bhasaur Village 11 54.250 Right 20 Bhasaur Village 12 55.900 Right 25 Bhasaur Village 13 57.100 Left 25 Bhasaur Village 14 57.250 Left 23 Bhasaur Village 15 57.400 Left 22 Birdwal Village 16 58.950 Right 20 Birdwal Village 17 59.100 Left 13 Birdwal Village 18 59.350 Left 15 Birdwal Village 19 59.450 Right 14 Birdwal Village 20 59.500 Right 17 Birdwal Village 21 59.600 Left 16 Birdwal Village 22 66.450 Right 12 Banera Village 23 68.200 Left 12 Banera Village 24 68.580 Left 15 Banera Village 25 68.630 Right 10 Banera Village 26 69.350 Left 15 Banera Village 27 69.360 Right 30 Banera Village 28 69.630 Right 50 Banera Village 29 70.050 Right 40 Ladda Kothi Village Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A-8 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Distance from Lcto IChainageSI. No. (km) Side (Right/Left) C m Loca(on 30 70.390 Right 30 Ladda Kothi Village 31 73.470 Right 13 Khui Sahib Village 32 73.700 Right 15 Khui Sahib Village 33 73.980 Right 13 Khui Sahib Village 34 74.000 Right 10 Gurudaspura Village 35 75.500 Right 12 Gurudaspura Village Final Report Volume IV-B: Envirornment Impact Assessmcnt (Malerkotia - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A-9 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 4.6 List of Bus Stops and Handpumps SI Chainage Side of the Distance Typeof No (kn) road (im) Property Remarks 1. 45.300 Right 5 Bus stop Malerkotla 2. 46.000 Left 9 Hand pump Govind nagar 3. 51.820 Left 8 Bus stop 4 51.900 Left 9 Handpump Near edge of RoW 5. 55.150 Right 7 Bus stop Bhasur v illage 6 61.450 Left 9 Hand pump 7. 63.950 Right 8 Hand pump Dhuri market 8. 67.675 Right 8 Bus to Benra Village, Near edge of RoW 9. 70.600 Left 9 Hand pump Near edge of RoW 10. 72.300 Left 8 Bus stop Near edge of RoW 11. 75.000 Left Hand pump Gurudaspur village, near edge of RoW 12. 76.100 Right 8 Bus stop Sangrur, near edge of RoW Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 10 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I) for PunjabState Road Sector Project Annex 4.7 List of Religious Properties Chainage Side Distance from Location Si. No. Name/Type (kin) C/L (mn) 1 Gurudwara 45.300 Right 6 Malarkotla Town 2 Masjid 45.450 Left 200 Malarkotla Town 3 Tample 45.900 Right 15 Malarkotia Town 4 Gurudwara 47.300 Right 18 Gurudev Nagar Vill. 5 Gurudwara 48.450 Right 15 Ratola Vill. 6 Dargah 48.600 Right 35 Ratola Vill. 7 Tample 54.700 Right 13 Bhasaur Vill. 8 Masjid 55.600 Right 60 Bhasaur Vill. Radha Swami 39 Satsang Vays 60.200 Right 13 Dhuri Market 10 Gurudwara 62.400 Right 13 Janta Nagar Vill. 11 Tample 68.050 Left 9 Benra Vill. 12 Radha Swami 73.550 Left 25 Khui Sahib Vill. Satsang Vays 13 Radha Swami 76.300 Right 15 Sangrur Market Final Report Volurne IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A - I11 ConsultancyServices for Project PreparatoryStudies for PackageII (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 4.8 List of Industries along the Project Road SI.No. Chainage(Km) Left/Right Distance from Industries CAL (mc) 1. 47.2 Left 18 Rice mill ,Govindnagar 2. 47.8 Right 15 Rice mill ,Govindnagar 3. 48.7 Left 15 Steel Factory,Ratoda 4. 48.85 Left 15 Iron Factory,Ratoda 5. 49.05 Right 30 Rice mill ,Ratoda 6. 52.65 Left 120 Hot Mix plant Ratoda 7. 56.200 Right 20 KRBL Industry 8. 56.300 Right 200 Plywood Industry Ratoda 9. 56.700 Right 300 Rice mill ,Bhasur 10. 57.800 Right 50 Hydro power plant,Bhasur 11. 63.100 Right 20 Rice mill Janta nagar 12. 71.300 Left 25 Plywood Industry, Laddakothi 13. 71.95 Left 30 Brick kiln, Laddakothi 14. 73.2 Right 25 Brick kiln, Khui sahib 15 73.7 Right 50 Brick kiln, Khui sahib Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 12 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studies for PackageII (PhaseI) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 4.9 List of Educational Institutes Si. Chainage Left / Distance No. (km) Right from C/L(m) School / Collages 1. 48.45 Right 15 Primary school, Ratoda 2. 49.100 Right 30 Primary school,Ratoda 3. 55.25 Right 11 Senior Secondry School, Bhasur 4. 55.300 Right 11 Primary school ,Bhasur 5. 59.100 Right 15 College, Birdwal 6. 59.300 Right 20 Primary School, Birdwal 7. 59.4 Right 300 Primary School, Birdwal 8. 67.25 Right 15 High School,, Benra 9 70.65 Left 20 Senior Secondry School, Laddakothi 3lo 76.1 Right 20 Primary School, Sangrur Final Report Volume IV-B: Environmnent Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 13 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 6.1 1 3 TfTI THhtfs jTJ UqTEr(.)d' 19 ff7S#Eaut qrT (La)1 )T f *qET UR. k) ftrt ttqadcG 14 f 2V f d9di 254 r)T...... Ria 1I iEfZ9'H: [GHa WY@ 3UTid 95 EF a B Bdd'ltwqtE, #F tiT63; r fi4 ...... 7...... -a ...... -X -6't Tt ,1"I ft A t SdT 2 TIT1 T) t f;6 -it ft qV- f ?TtFdRft QTJ (A) utff , 7ftl ffa Ht Td7 Et -RUU If5 t-tlez f 4s eme )2aS -61 'M01d da a Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 14 Consultancy Services for Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I) for PunjabState Road Sector Project PUNJAB STATE ROAD SECTOR PROJECT PUBLIC PARTICIPATION POSTER I -4 Punjab Sate !Road Sector Project (IPS P) is being carried out by the fPunjab Roads and {Briidges 9Development Board (PRBDB), Government of fPunjab. Phe purpose of the project is to widen anm improve approKimatety 254 km of state h!hiway. the Wortd Bank is providing the financiatassistance for the project. During the consultation session, we wift show you a more detaitedptan of the part of the road that may affect you. Phe PRBDB has appointed IntercontinentalConsuftants and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. as project consuttants. A Public Consuttationsession is being organizedon (date) at (time)__ at (venue). Phe meeting is Itikey to continuefor approKimatety two hours. We hope thatyou wit!attendthe meeting. We are trying to inform attinterested persons about the meeting. If you know someone, who woutdbe interested, but have not been contacted, ptease inform him or her about the date, time and venue of the meeting. 'This invitation is open to alL 'W4"e tookforwardto seeing you at the meeting. IntercontinentatConsuttantsandTechnocrats Pvt. Ltd. Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 15 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudiesfor Package II (Phase1) for Punjab State Road Sector Project Annex 6.2 LIST OF ATTENDEES DURING PUBLIC CONSULTATION LINK 3: MALERKOTLA-DHURI-SANGRUR PC-1A: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AT MALERKOTLA (GOVIND NAGAR) PUBLIC CONSULTATION AT MALERKOTLA - PC-1A Place: Malerkotla (Govind Nagar, with villagers) Date: 16t' December 2005 Chainage/km: 47.270 Number of Participants: 32 Time: 12.15-2.00 PM Table IA: List of Persons During Consultation at Govind Nagar Si. Name & Address Occupation Gender Age Subjects Discussed No. N e A rscan ee gS es s e 1 Shashi Kaur Service Female 50 2 Narpal Singh Labour Male 30 3 Balwinder Singh Welder Male 24 4 Harjit Singh Driver Male 50 5 Raju Welder Male 25 6 Jitender Welder Male 32 7 Randeer Singh Driver Male 42 8 Sukhdev Singh Labour Male 35 9 Kulwant Singh Tailor Male 35 10 Mohd .Nazir Business Male 28 11 Jeevan Singh Medical Store Male 35 12 Nishtar Singh Tailor Male 48 13 Mohd. Shafi Shop Keeper Male 26 14 Sanjeev Kumar Shop Keeper Male 37 15 Prem Singh Workshop Male 33 16 Gurmal Singh Workshop Male 30 Presented in Annexure 17 Jasbir Singh Farmer Male 38 18 Gurdayal Singh Farrner Male 50 19 Swaran Singh Service Male 59 20 Amrik Singh Workshop Male 43 21 Devraj Labour Male 65 22 Ravinder Singh Farner Male 25 23 Jagjeet Singh Farmer Male 24 24 Surjeet Singh Shop Keeper Male 30 25 Lakhvinder Service Male 25 26 Er. Pawan Kumar Garg Service Male 44 27 Harpreet Garg Shopkeeper Male 23 28 Navneet Singh Business Male 24 29 Karamjeet Singh Farmer Male 40 30 Surj eet Kaur Housewife Female 55 31 Karampreet Kaur Housewife Female 35 32 Simarjeet Kaur Housewife Female 28 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 16 Consultancy Servicesfor ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project PC-3: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AT DHURI PUBLIC CONSULTATION AT DHURI - PC-3 Place: Dhuri Date: 16'b May 2006 Chainage/km: 61.000 and 65.000 Number of Participants: 22 Time: 9.00-11.30 PM Table 3: List of Persons During Consultation at Dhuri No. Name & Address Occupation Gender Age Issue Discussed 1 Devender Singh Shop Keeper Male 30 2 Sukhvinder Singh Shop Keeper Male 44 3 Jasmait Singh Shop+Res. Male 50 4 Lakhwinder Singh Shop+Res. Male 34 5 Lokdayal Singh Shop+Res. Male 30 6 Darshan Singh Shop Male 50 7 Balwan Singh Shop Male 70 8 Preetpal Singh Factory Male 27 9 Vineet Goyal Shop+Res. Male 22 10 Lakhwinder Singh Factory owner Male 37 11 Kuldeep Singh Student Male 23 Presented in Annexure 12 Rabinder Singh Shop Male 33 3.1 13 Baljinder Singh Shop Male 40 14 Prakash Chand Shop Male 60 15 Jeet Singh Shop Male 30 16 Bahadar Singh Teacher Male 50 17 Chhaju Singh Saw Mill Male 48 18 S C Singla Business Male 60 19 Gurmeet Kaur Housewife Female 30 20 Jaspreet Kaur Housewife Female 35 21 Charanjeet Kaur Housewife Female 60 22 Balwinder Kaur Housewife Female 28 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 17 ConsultancyServices for ProjectPreparatory Studiesfor PackageII (Phase I) for PunjabState Road Sector Project Annex 7.1 Typical noise levels of principal construction equipments (Noise Level in db (A) at 50 Feet) Clearing Structure construction Bulldozer 80 Crane 75-77 Front end loader 72-84 Welding generator 71-82 Jack hammer 81-98 Concrete mixer 74-88 Crane with ball 75-87 Concrete pump 81-84 Concrete vibrator 76 Excavation and Earth Moving Air compressor 74-87 Bulldozer 80 Pneumatic tools 81-98 Backhoe 72-93 Bulldozer 80 Front end loader 72-84 Cement and dump trucks 83-94 Dump truck 83-94 Front end loader 72-84 Jack hammer 81-98 Dump truck 83-94 Scraper 80-93 Paver 86-88 Grading and Compaction Landscaping and clean-up Grader 80-93 Bulldozer 80 Roller 73-75 Backhoe 72-93 Truck 83-94 Paving Front and end loader 72-84 Paver 86-88 Dump truck 83-94 Truck 83-94 Paver 86-88 Tamper 74-77 Dump truck 83-94 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, noise from Construction Equipment and Operations. Building Equipment and Home Appliance. NJID. 300. I.Decemember 31, 1971 Final Report Volume TV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A- 18 Consultancy Servicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package 11 (Phase I)for PunjabState Road Sector Project Annex 7.2 Tree inventory alone the Droiect road (to be affected) MALERKOTLA - DHURI - SANGRUR ______LEFr S8 S9 s51 Sil Others Total Chainage Chainage_ Si S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 L7 1 5 3 1 45.00 46.00 22 1 5 1 46.00 :_ 47_00 15 31 2 5 1 2 47.00 48.00 21 17 17 48.00 49.00 27 1 3 49.00 50.00 23 8 6 1 1 50.00 :_51.00 30 51.00 : 52.00 13 15 1 1 1 1 52.00 53.00 5 53.00 54.00 1 1 3 1 1 55 55.00 2 46 4 1 54.00 2 24 55.00 56.00 4 4 10 1 3 1 10 . 2 58 56.00 57.00 11 14 1 20 14 1 1 108 57.00 58.00 12 46 2 27 5 3 4 58.00 59.00 1 4 9 59.00 60.00 2 2 1 1 60.00 61.00 1 61.00 62.00 1_2 62.00 :_63.00 1 3 2 1 - 63.00 64.00 1 64.00 65.00 1 1 - 65.00 66.00 - Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur A - 19 ConsultancyServicesfor Project PreparatoryStudies for Package II (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project MALERKOTLA - DHURI - SANGRUR LEFT Chainage SI S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S1o Sl Others Total 66.00 67.00 3 1 1 1 6 67.00 68.00 3 - 3 68.00 69.00 3 4 3 6 2 3 - 3 8 32 69.00 70.00 2 3 8 5 1 19 70.00 71.00 4 4 5 1 4 3 2 23 71.00 72.00 4 1 6 1 1 1 14 72.00 73.00 1 7 - 5 13 73.00 74.00 2 4 5 20 2 36 69 74.00 75.00 38 21 17 21 10 34 5 1 10 157 75.00 76.00 17 2 - 4 23 76.00 77.00 I Total 181 140 103 99 77 38 34 9 9 8 72 770 Total Number of Treees: 770 SI -> DEK S3 -> SAHTOOT S5 -> EUCALYPTUS S7 -> OTHER TREE S9 -> LAUSRA SI 1-> BERRY S2 ->SISHAM S4 -> BABOOL S6 -> NEEM S8 -> ARJUN S 10 -> SIRISH Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangnir Road) A -20 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package II (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector Project MALEREKOTLA - DHURI - SANGRUR Sl Others ___Total ChiaeRIGHT____ S7 S8 S9 S10 Chamage Si S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 12 5 1 1 1 45.00: 46.00 3 1 46.00 47.00 4 - 2 47.00 48.00 1 1 7 48.00 : 49.00 7 - 1 17 :50.00 1 4 10 1 1 49.00 -- 17 50.00 : 51.00 2 1 14 19 51.00 : 52.00 4 1 14 7 52.00 : 53.00 4 3 8 1 11 53.00 : 54.00 2 - 21 21 54.00 : 55.00 8 - - 55.00 : 56.00 -8 27 1 1 _ 56.00 : 57.00 20 - 5 129 24 5 5 58.00 55 1 14 22 3 57.00 : 13 3 1 4 87 3 1 36 3 23 58.00: 59.00 1 31 2 1 1 4 59.00 :60.00 11 3 8 60.00 : 61.00 30 61.00 62.00 5 25 1 1 62.00 : 63.00 = 1 1 63.00 : 64.00 2 4 64.00 65.00 2 1 1 65.00 : 66.00 9 3 66.00 : 67.00 6 6 1 1 2 67.00 : 68.00 2 6 1 1 68.00 : 69.00 3 1 - (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment A - 21 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package!! (Phase I) for Punjab State Road Sector Project MALEREKOTLA - DHURI - SANGRUR Chainage RIG HT Si S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S1l Others Total 69.00: 70.00 20 1 3 1 2 2 29 70.00 : 71.00 1 3 6 4 17 2 1 1 35 71.00: 72.00 1 35 1 5 8 1 44 55 72.00 73.00 2 33 2 1 4 _ 1 1 43 73.00: 74.00 6 32 6 1 3 3 1 52 74.00 : 75.00 20 17 18 7 4 2 68 75.00 : 76.00 19 5 1 1 25 76.00 77.00 ____I_ : I Total 159 156 120 93 64 53 47 16 14 12 8 20 762 Total Number of Trees:762 SI -> DEK S3 -> SISHAM S5 ->KIKAR S7 ->SAHTOOT S9 -> GULMOHAR S 11 -> PEEPAL S2 ->OTHER TREE S4 -> EUCALYPTUS S6-> NEEM S8-> BERRY S10 -> SIRISH Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A - 22 Studiesfor Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Project Package II (Phase I)for Punjab State Road Sector MALARIKOTLA - DHURI - SANGRUR Right______GI G2 G3 G4__ G5 G6 G7 Subtotal ChainageLeft G6 G7 Subtotal Chaiage GI G2 G3 G4 G5 2 4 12 5 3 2 1 46.00 1 1 3 45.00: 22 - - . 2 7 7 5 1 4 46.00: 47.00 2 1 1 6 7 7 3 2 1 31 47.00 48.00 5 1 2 3 1 7 7 5 4 1 17 17 48.00 : 49.00 5 2 1 7 2 6 12 3 3 27 49.00: 50.00 1 2 1 3 1 1 17 2 8 9 2 50.00: 51.00 1 2 3 - 19 5 2 30 19 52.00 3 12 3 3 2 7 51.00: 1 5 2 - - 1 11 52.00 : 53.00 5 3 3 2 3 4 1 21 53.00 : 54.00 1 4 7 4 3 2 12 25 8 2 4 2 55 54.00 :55.00 2 4 2 2 - 8 4 6 5 1 3 24 55.00 : 56.00 5 2 1 1 2 1 27 8 3 = 58 20 56.00 : 57.00 16 19 12 5 5 129 2 108 56 38 21 4 12 46 2 27 5 14 - 87 57.00 :58.00 4 27 28 27 5 : 59.00 1 3 2 31 58.00 9 7 3 10 5 2 2 2 2 1 4 59.00 :60.00 1 -- 60.00 : 61.00 . 1 7 9 5 4 1 30 - 4 61.00 : 62.00 1 1 1 2 - 63.00 1 1 1 62.00 : 3 - 1 63.00 : 64.00 2 1 1 - 4 1 1 1 2 64.00 : 65.00 1 1 - 65.00 : 66.00 2 1 1 3 1 1 9 2 1 6 66.00 :67.00 1 2 3 1 6 3 3 1 1 67.00 *-68.00 1 1 1 -1 6 2 3 2 3 32 2 68.00 :69.00 6 7 9 Assessment (Malerkotla - Dhuri - Sangrur Road) Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact A - 23 Consultancy Services for ProjectPreparatory Studies for Package 11 (Phase l)for Punjab State Road Sector Project MALARIKOTLA - DHURI - SANGRUR Chai_ageLeft Chainage __ Gl G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 __Right Subtotal Gl G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 Subtotal 69.00 70.00 8 9 1 1 19 1 10 17 1 70.00: 71.00 4 8 4 2 29 3 2 23 14 13 6 1 71.00: 72.00 5 6 2 1 35 1 14 22 17 10 72.00 : 73.00 4 1 1 55 5 8 = 13 73.00: 27 10 3 3 = 43 74.00 57 7 2 2 1 69 24 16 7 4 1 52 74.00 :75.00 36 81 22 9 4 5 157 21 25 10 4 3 2 3 75.00 : 76.00 16 6 1 68 __23 13 11 1 25 76.00 : 77.00 1 Sub Total 192 237 118 108 51 48 16 770 268 203 146 76 33 21 15 % wise distribution 24.9 30.77 15.32 14.02 762 6.62 6.23 2.04 35.17 26.64 19.16 9.97 433 Total Numbers of Trees: 1532 2.75 1.96 GI:30 - 60 G2: 60 - 90 G3: 90 - 120 G4: 120 - 150 G5: 150 - 180 G6: 180 - 270 G7: > 270 Final Report Volume IV-B: Environment Impact Assessment (Malerkotla -Dhuri - Sangrur Road) A -24 U I I I I U I I I I I I U I I I I I U I I I i