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Home , Acquapendente, Battaglia Terme, Padua, Province of Padua, Province of Viterbo, Trebaseleghe

Italy - State of the art of country and local situation

Table of contents 1. Geothermal resources ...... 4 Geothermal potential ...... 4 Low-enthalpy geothermal potential ...... 5 Low-enthalpy geothermal reserves ...... 5 Location of geothermal reserves ...... 6 Hidrogeological considerations (lithology) ...... 6 2. Geothermal exploitation installations ...... 8 Locations of exploitation places ...... 8 3. Hybrid geothermal installations ...... 9 4. Case study ...... 10 Geographical overview of the region ...... 10 Characteristics of the relief ...... 10 Climate ...... 11 Temperature ...... 11 Solar radiation ...... 12 Hydrography ...... 13 Vegetation ...... 14 Pedology...... 15 Geology ...... 16 Landuse ...... 17 Territorial administrative units ...... 17 Economy ...... 18 Technology ...... 19 Power plant description (Flash steam plants, Dry steam plants, Binary plants) ...... 19 Biomass energy ...... 19 Biomass potential distribution ...... 19 Biomass sources ...... 20 Biomass installations and their characteristic parameters ...... 21 Biomass production thermal/electrical ...... 22 Energetic technical potential (TJ/year) per source of biomass ...... 22 Calorific power (Kcal/mc) ...... 23 Uses ...... 23 Biogas energy ...... 24 Biogas installations and their characteristic parameters ...... 24 Uses ...... 25 5. References ...... 26

List of figures

Figure 1: Snapshot of the WebGIS with data from BNDG...... 4 Figure 2: Snapshot of the WebGIS. Map displaying heat flow data on the right and temperatures at different depths on the left...... 5 Figure 3: Snapshot of the geothermal map for the region (North-East ) ...... 6 Figure 4: Snapshot of the WebGIS displaying wells (red triangles) and springs ( circles)...... 6 Figure 5: Snapshot of the hydrogeological map from the WebGIS link...... 7 Figure 6. Location of exploration permissions, power plant approvals and other concessions...... 8 Figure 7: Map of the rivers (blue) within the province of ...... 14 Figure 8: Extract of hydrographic map of the area in which is situated the case study...... 14 Figure 9: Snapshot of the pedological map of the ...... 15 Figure 10: Typical cross section of the ...... 16 Figure 11: Extract of hydrogeological scheme and cross section of area ...... 16 Figure 12: Land use map for ...... 17 Figure 13: Extract of the Map from CORINE Land Cover about Land use around Acquapendente...... 17 Figure 14: Map of the different economic activities within the municipality...... 18 Figure 15: Potential biomass from agricultural production for the different municipalities in the province of Padua...... 20 Figure 16: Map with the diffusion of biomass installations in italian municipalities (taken from Legambiente 2012)...... 21 Figure 17: Distribution of biogas installations in 2008 within the province of Padua (from Probiogas project)...... 24

List of tables

Table 1: Coordinates of the two municipalities...... 10 Table 2: Mean monthly temperatures ...... 12 Table 3: Mean monthly temperatures Acquapendente ...... 12 Table 4: Average Monthly precipitations for the Municipality of Acquapendente ...... 12 Table 5: Montly means of daily irradiation (MJ/m2/day) ...... 12 Table 6: Monthly average daily Solar radiation (MJ/m2day) for Acquapendente ...... 13 Table 7: Number of productive activities in the Province of by category (2005)...... 18 Table 8: Potential of biomass available in the ...... 20 Table 9: Biomass installations and their characteristics...... 21 Table 10: Energetic technical potential for the Veneto region (adapted from Motola et al. 2009)...... 22 Table 11: Quantitative data on potential biomass sources...... 22 Table 12: Calorific power of wood (adapted from Ilarioni 2007)...... 23 Table 13: Characteristics of the biogas installations located in the province of Padova...... 24

1. Geothermal resources

Geothermal potential A recent study revealed a potential of 21 exajoule (21X1018 Joule, corresponding to about 500 million tonnes of oil-equivalent MTOE) for the entire national territory within a 5 km depth (UGI 2011).

The geothermal potential in Italy is described within the National Geothermal Data Base (BNDG), which can be consulted as a WebGIS application at the following URL: http://vmigg.iit.cnr.it/wm_geothopica/map.phtml?winsize=large&language=en&config=en.

The database was first published in 1988 by ENEL, ENI-AGIP, CNR and ENEA with the coordination of the Ministry of Economic Development. A new edition was released following the Legislative Decree of February 11, 2010 n.22. The inventory is made up by a set of regional reports, geothermal springs and geothermal wells databases. Some updates about national geothermal potential assessment as well as for some other areas were carried out in 1994.

The BNDG incorporates the subsurface stratigraphic data, indicate the characteristic of hot springs, gas and events with relevant data of geothermal wells, the isotherms at 1000, 2000 and 3000 meters from ground level and the heat flow to the surface, and the positions of the aquifers, all over the country.

Recently, through an agreement between the Ministry of Economic Development and the CNR Geosciences and Earth Resources Institute data that make up the national inventory of geothermal resources have been converted into electronic format to make them available on-line consultation. All the reports and diagrams are provided in pdf format. Moreover a geographical search through KML format files is available too. Such files are available for downloading and viewing by Google Earth program (http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/geotermia/inventario/mappe.asp), otherwise can be displayed straight to the page WebGIS via Google Earth plug-in.

The database, with its support for GIS, is a useful tool in all projects that require information of the subsoil, such as geothermal energy and CO2 storage, blending in searches carried out by the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, which will ensure its completion.

Figure 1: Snapshot of the WebGIS with data from BNDG.

Low-enthalpy geothermal potential The low-enthalpy geothermal potential in Italy can be estimated from the maps of heat flow (mW/mq) and temperature ranges at different depths that are available at the links below (see above as well). This information is available from the abovementioned links. Some sample images are displayed here below.

Figure 2: Snapshot of the WebGIS. Map displaying heat flow data on the right and temperatures at different depths on the left. Currently, two thirds of the total geothermal potential derives from a geothermal resource with temperatures lower than 150°C (UGI 2011).

Low-enthalpy geothermal reserves Similarly to the previous point, low enthalpy geothermal reserves can be analyzed from the maps of heat flow and temperature at the following links:

 http://vmigg.iit.cnr.it/wm_geothopica/map.phtml?winsize=large&language=en&config=en  http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/geotermia/inventario/mappe.asp

Additionally, paper maps have been produced for a few regions in Italy to show the extent of geothermal formations at low-temperature and these can be downloaded from the following link:

 http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/geotermia/inventario/allegato.asp?id=207

An example of such a paper map is shown for the Veneto region (figure 3). There remains to establish whether these maps can be acquired in digital format.

Figure 3: Snapshot of the geothermal map for the Veneto region (North-East Italy) Location of geothermal reserves As above, locations of wells and springs and extents of estimated reserves are available here from the WebGIS and from the links abovementioned.

Figure 4: Snapshot of the WebGIS displaying wells (red triangles) and springs (blue circles). NOTE: There would be too much to write for each geothermal well (948) or spring (460) in Italy. A detailed description of each geothermal resource in Italy, with geological reports, databases and additional information (including flow data), is again available at:

 http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/geotermia/pozzi/pozzi.asp  http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/geotermia/inventario/sorgenti/sorgenti.asp

Hidrogeological considerations (lithology) Lithological complexes in Italy have been mapped within the European Atlas of Underground Water Resources and can be viewed and download at: http://vmigg.iit.cnr.it/wm_geothopica/map.phtml?winsize=large&language=en&config=en.

Figure 5: Snapshot of the hydrogeological map from the WebGIS link.

2. Geothermal exploitation installations

Locations of exploitation places Geothermal installations for the production of electricity are all located in and owned and operated by EnelGreenPower for a total amount of 882,5 MW and a yearly production of 5343 GWh. The list of installations is available at: http://www.enel.it/it-IT/impianti/mappa/toscana/geotermico.aspx and http://www.geotermia.co/centrali-geotermiche-italia.html.

There have been numerous applications in very recent times for the exploitation of new areas (outside of Tuscany). A total number of 108 licenses have been granted, which include exploration permissions as well as power plant approvals and other concessions (Buonasorte and Franci 2011). Additional information (in Italian) and a map of the locations of these 108 applications (shown in figure 6) is available at: www.unionegeotermica.it/pdfiles/permessi.pdf

Figure 6. Location of exploration permissions, power plant approvals and other concessions.

3. Hybrid geothermal installations

To date no hybrid geothermal installations are located in Italy. However, Enel Green Power, an Italian multinational renewable energy corporation, has constructed the first hybrid geothermal-solar plant.

4. Case study

Geographical overview of the region Galzignano Terme and

Galziagnano Terme and Battaglia Terme are two neighboring municipalities located in the Euganean Hills within the province of Padua.

Municipality Coordinates Galzignano Terme 45°18′0″N 11°44′0″E Battaglia Terme 45°18′0″N 11°47′0″E Table 1: Coordinates of the two municipalities. Acquapendente

Acquapendente is a municipality located in within the Viterbo province ( region). Geographic coordinates of Acquapendente are: Latitude 42°44'41"28 N – Longitude 11°51'54"36 E. The elevations above sea level are: City hall: 420 m – Minimum: 190 m – Maximum: 750 m.

Characteristics of the relief Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

Galzignano Terme is contained in the Regional Nature Reserve of the Euganean Hills and is located at the foothills of Mount Rua (416 m) and Mount Gallo (385 m). Part of the area of Galzignano Terme stretches over the flatland at the bottom of the Euganean Hills. The minimum altitude is 5 m, whilst the highest is 385 m a.s.l.

Battaglia Terme, the smallest municipality in the Padua province, is also part of the Regional Nature Reserve. It is covered by several hills among which the most high is Monte Ceva (256 m a.s.l.). At the basis of this hill signs of trachyte quarry are still evident. Within another hill called Colle Sant’Elena there are natural caves from which thermal water flows forming several small, thermal lakes.

The rounded hills that are part of and surround both municipalities are called Laccoliths, and consist of a swelling of lava which cooled underneath a roof of older sedimentary rocks. Sometimes the lava broke the sedimentary roof. At the end of the volcanic period, the highest peaks probably emerged like an archipelago of steeply rocky islets in the ancient Padano Sea. Much later, the emergence from the sea and the selective erosion of a million years, created a more varied landscape. Now the softer sedimentary cover has been eroded by the atmospheric elements. A WebGIS geomorphological map of the area is available at: http://websit.provincia.padova.it/websit/viewer.aspx?id_applicazione=4575af44-c047-4ea2-9ae1- 21489e192329.

Acquapendente

The Province of Viterbo is the most northern of the provinces of Lazio Region, and is part of the vast area called " Laziale" which extends at the north of . It has an area of 3612 sqkm and it is bordered to the north by Tuscany.

The zone is spread over an area largely built by the explosive activity of three major volcanic complexes, particularly in the Case Study area the volcano "Vulsinio" which gave rise to the nearby “” Lake. The volcanic soils cover the oldest soils of sedimentary origin that emerge from the volcanic cover in a rather small. All of these small mountains are part of the Tyrrhenian Antiapennines and generally have a height of maximum 1000 m.

The area of the volcano "Vulsino" which is part of the study area, is characterized by a central crater and around, in every direction, a number of smaller craters sometimes still intact.

The Municipality of Acquapendente belongs to this area at the northern edge, presenting a landscape that has many similarities with the Region of Tuscany, located immediately to the north.

Climate Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

Climate is sub-continental, with cold winters and hot summers. Yearly precipitation is around 720-820 mm, with two highs in spring and autumn. There is an average of 73-78 rainy days a year. Average yearly temperature is 12.8 – 13 °C. Average winter temperature is 3 – 4°C whilst average highest is around 23°C.

Acquapendente

The Italian territory is divided into 6 climatic zones ranging from Zone “A” (the hottest) to the area “F” (the coldest). The classification of the municipalities in the different zones is defined by a parameter called Degrees Day. This numeric parameter indicates the difference between the average outside daily temperature and the internal temperature during the heating period (20 ° C).

The municipality of Acquapendente has 2,299 Degrees Day and it’s classified in Zone “E”, even if it is placed in an area where the majority of the municipalities are in the area “D” warmer than the “E”. For municipalities located in “E” Zone the legislation provides that heating of buildings is active from October 15 to April 15.

Temperature Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

Mean monthly temperatures (in °C) for Battaglia Terme are given in the table here below. This data can be considered as also representative of temperatures of Galzignano Terme.

Table 2: Mean monthly temperatures Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1.90 4.00 8.40 13.00 17.10 21.30 23.60 23.10 19.70 13.80 8.20 3.60

Acquapendente

Average Monthly temperatures (in °C) according to standard UNI 10349 and Average monthly precipitations for the Municiaplity of Acquapendente are given in the tables below.

Table 3: Mean monthly temperatures Acquapendente Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic

5.10 6.00 8.80 12.10 16.30 21.20 24.20 23.40 20.10 15.30 10.70 6.90

Table 4: Average Monthly precipitations for the Municipality of Acquapendente Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic

57 60 49 61 55 57 29 54 58 87 93 69

Solar radiation Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

Monthly means of daily irradiation (in MJ/m2/day) for Battaglia Terme are given in the table here below. This data can be considered as also representative of temperatures of Galzignano Terme.

Table 5: Montly means of daily irradiation (MJ/m2/day) N NE E SE S SW W NW Hor.

Jan 1.50 1.60 3.20 5.40 6.80 5.40 3.20 1.60 4.00

Feb 2.40 3.00 5.50 8.20 9.80 8.20 5.50 3.00 7.20

Mar 3.60 5.10 8.20 10.30 10.90 10.30 8.20 5.10 11.30

Apr 5.20 7.70 10.50 11.10 10.00 11.10 10.50 7.70 15.30

May 7.60 10.50 13.10 12.10 9.90 12.10 13.10 10.50 19.80

Jun 9.20 12.10 14.30 12.40 9.60 12.40 14.30 12.10 22.10

Jul 8.90 12.30 15.10 13.40 10.40 13.40 15.10 12.30 23.00

Aug 6.40 9.90 13.60 13.60 11.50 13.60 13.60 9.90 19.80

Sep 4.20 6.70 10.60 12.50 12.40 12.50 10.60 6.70 14.60

Oct 2.90 3.80 7.20 10.20 11.80 10.20 7.20 3.80 9.30

Nov 1.80 2.00 3.90 6.40 8.00 6.40 3.90 2.00 4.90

Dec 1.40 1.50 3.40 6.40 8.30 6.40 3.40 1.50 4.10

Acquapendente

Monthly means of daily irradiation (in MJ/m2/day) for Municipality of Acquapendente according to standard UNI 10349 are given in the table here below.

Table 6: Monthly average daily Solar radiation (MJ/m2day) for Acquapendente North East South West Horiz.

Gen 1.90 4.50 9.80 4.50 5.70

Feb 2.70 6.20 10.60 6.20 8.20

Mar 3.80 9.00 11.70 9.00 12.60

Apr 5.40 11.10 10.20 11.10 16.40

Mag 7.80 13.70 9.90 13.70 21.10

Giu 9.40 14.80 9.40 14.80 23.20

Lug 9.10 16.30 10.40 16.30 25.10

Ago 6.50 14.40 11.70 14.40 21.40

Set 4.30 11.70 13.40 11.70 16.40

Ott 3.10 8.60 14.10 8.60 11.30

Nov 2.10 5.20 10.80 5.20 6.60

Dic 1.70 3.90 8.80 3.90 4.80

Hydrography Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

Both municipalities are characterized by the presence of quaternary alluvial beds resulting from the deposits of the local rivers (Adige and rivers mainly). There are mainly silt and clayey deposits with sandy pockets. This gives raise to the presence of aquifers at different depths often with no interconnections, due to the fact that permeable deposits where the aquifers are located are interspersed

with less permeable ones. Aquifer levels are very shallow and often less than a meter from the ground level. A map of the main rivers in the province of Padova is shown hereafter.

Figure 7: Map of the rivers (blue) within the province of Padua. Acquapendente

The area in which case-study location is situated belongs to the catchment area of the River “Tevere”, with the main stream represented by the torrent “Paglia”, a tributary of the River “Tevere”, which runs north of the town of Acquapendente.

Figure 8: Extract of hydrographic map of the area in which is situated the case study. Vegetation Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

The diversity of rocks evolved in different soils which can host a great varieties of plants. Typical woods on the hills contain chestnut forests and oak termophilus wood. The former are extensive on the northern sides with fresh limate is developed on the volcanic siliceous moist soils. The forest floor vegetation include snowdrop, houndstooth, daffodil, blackberry, and the rare martagone lily. The latter occupy sunny dry slopes with shallow, poor and degraded soil, mostly on calcareous rocks. The downy oak is dominant and the companions are manna ash, Judas tree and maple. The undergrowth

companions include the Ruscus aculeatus, hawthorn, and juniper. There is also Mediterranean shrubland with a scattered distribution. It’s formed by an intricate vegetation of low-stemmed plants, evergreens in general, including holm oak, Asparagus acutifolius, Cistus salvifolius and violets; it develops on isolated, arid, and rocky volcanic soils facing southward. In this community we can find dwarf Indian fig trees (”Opuntia compressa”).

Acquapendente

The torrent “Paglia” conveys a remarkable biodiversity in both animal and vegetable, also the forest stands that branch off from the river are of great importance. Sites of Community Interest, Protected Areas and Ecological Corridors are also present in the area around the Municipality of Acquapendente.

Pedology Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

A detailed pedological map of the Province of Padova is available at: http://websit.provincia.padova.it/websit/viewer.aspx?id_applicazione=b32667db-9141-4cde-be63- df4b535ad41a.

Figure 9: Snapshot of the pedological map of the province of Padua. Acquapendente

The area of southern Tuscany and northern Lazio, which goes from Mount Amiata to Rome along the Tyrrhenian margin of the Apennines, was involved in a complex geological history during the “Neogene”, during which was characterized by a series of repeated event of subsidence, with the development of several sedimentary basins of marine and continental origin and phenomena of lift. Starting from the “Pliocene”, has developed an intense magmatic activity, whose emission centers have undergone a migration over time and space in the direction S-SW. In the area around Acquapendente, there is a geothermal anomaly, characterized by a high heat flux, so as to make the entire area one of the most studied in order of geothermal power.

Geology Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

The Euganean Hills share the history of a tropical ancient sea, that covered the area about 150 million years ago, together with Berici foothills and pre-alpine slopes of the Alps. Sedimentary rocks include Red ammonite, a limestone dating back about 130 million years, Biancone, a clear fine-grained limestone, Scaglia Rossa, an argillaceous thickly layered pinkish limestone, and Marna Euganea, very brittle, tender, stratified, and mostly gray marl.

There are also effusive rocks, resulting from an active period of volcanism that started 43 million years ago and produced the following types of rocks: trachyte, rhyolite (extensively used in the local extractive activity) and latite.

The image blow shows a typical example of a cross section through the Euganean Hills.

Figure 10: Typical cross section of the Euganean Hills. Acquapendente

The area is part of the southern part of the basin of Siena Radicofani, and is bounded to the north by Mount Amiata and the Mesozoic ridge of Mount Cetona south from , to the east from the geothermal Torre Alfina and to the west by the ridge of carbonate Castell'Azzara.

Figure 11: Extract of hydrogeological scheme and cross section of Acquapendente area

Landuse Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

The Veneto region has produced a map in which land use belonging to five main classes are divided: artificial soils (industrial and commercial activities), agriculture, woods and wet areas/water features. The map can be downloaded as a shape file at: http://idt.regione.veneto.it/app/metacatalog/ . In figure 10 an example is given of the map for the municipality of Galzignano Terme.

Figure 12: Land use map for Galzignano Terme. Acquapendente

Around the urban area of the municipality of Acquapendente areas are mainly used for agriculture or occupied by forests. This is well shown in the map from the project "CORINE Land Cover" of the European Union shown below.

Figure 13: Extract of the Map from CORINE Land Cover about Land use around Acquapendente. Territorial administrative units Galzignano Terme, Battaglia Terme and Acquapendente

All three (Galzignano Terme, Battaglia Terme and Acquapendente) are local government authorities.

Economy Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

For Battaglia Terme interesting maps showing the location of economic activities of various nature is available at: http://www.portaleservizi.com/WEBGIS/Default.aspx?CODCOM=A714&ACCESS=ANONYMOUS.

Figure 14: Map of the different economic activities within the municipality. Acquapendente

The local economy is mainly based on typical rural agricultural activities that have always characterized the landscape. The main productions are vineyards and olive groves and cereal crops.

A summary of the various economic activities located in the Province of Viterbo is shown in the table below

Table 7: Number of productive activities in the Province of Viterbo by category (2005). Agriculture, hunting and forestry 14,644 Fishing and related services 78 Mineral extraction 46 Manufacturing 2,525 Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 9 Construction 4,376 Wholesale and retail 7,940 Hotels and restaurants 1,356 Transport and storage 738 Financial intermediation 527 Real estate activities, renting and research 1,632 Education 69 Health and other social services 82 Other public, social and personal services 1,116 Not classified 74 TOTAL 35,212

Technology

Power plant description (Flash steam plants, Dry steam plants, Binary plants) Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

There are no geothermal installations available in Galzignano Terme or in Battaglia Terme for the production of electricity. Power plants to be developed in the future and to be investigated by GeoSEE are likely to consider ORC turbogenerators as this is generally recognized as the type of technology particularly suited for low and medium temperature resources capable of delivering the highest productivity and gain.

Acquapendente

In the area analysed is active a request for permission to search for geothermal resources for a testing Pilot Plants. The data of the applicant and of the area are summarized below:

Name of the request -TORRE ALFINA Type Permission to search for geothermal resources for a testing Pilot Plants Date of the request 19/07/2011 Surface of the area 22.71 sqKm

Applicant ITW-LKW GEOTERMIA ITALIA

Biomass energy In the following chapters data at the province and regional level are given in the case that specific information for the municipalities is not available.

Biomass potential distribution Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

In 2011 ENEA conducted a research aiming at mapping the potential biomass in Italy. Veneto is one of the regions with the highest potential according to the above mentioned study.

The spatial distribution of the biomass potential in the Padova province differ depending on the biomass sources considered. Wood biomass potential is mainly concentrated in the Euganean hills where forested land is prominent; however, in the province, other biomass potential is offered by a number of short rotation forests (SRF) and woody field margins with the possibility of establishing new ones. Agro-industrial wastes and by-products are mostly located in the northern part of the province; however, the municipality of that is located near to the case study municipalities has a high potential for these sources. Also the zootechnical waste potential is mainly found in the northern part of the province and the case study municipalities are among those with the lower potential. The potential linked to cultivation activities is relatively good over nearly the entire territory of the province. However, the case study municipalities have a low productive potential which is normal for the

Euganean hills. Finally, productive potential for the organic fraction of urban solid waste is mainly found in the most urbanized areas of the province (Padova municipality and nearby municipalities).

ENEA has produced a WEB-GIS Atlas with data available for each province of Italy (see http://atlantebiomasse.trisaia.enea.it).

Maps with the productive potential for certain sources of biomass for each munipality of Padova province can be found at http://probiogas.venetoagricoltura.org/veneto.php. Hereafter an example showing the distribution of potential biomass from agricultural productions.

Figure 15: Potential biomass from agricultural production for the different municipalities in the province of Padua. Biomass sources Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

Biomass sources can be broadly distinguished as follows: 1. wood biomass and residues from forestry; 2. energy crops and agricultural and agro-industrial residues; 3. biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste. Acquapendente

The National Biomass Atlas from Enea provides the values shown in the table below on the availability of biomass in the Province of Viterbo:

Table 8: Potential of biomass available in the Province of Viterbo. Biomass from forest Agricultural residues TOTAL Province (ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year) VITERBO 26,109 295,893 322,002

Biomass installations and their characteristic parameters In the Veneto region, at the end of 2011, there were 149 installations producing electricity, with a total installed power of 209.7 MW (GSE 2012).

In 2008 six biomass installations (without considering small private and biogas installations) were surveyed in the province of Padova (data from Probio biogas project). Furthermore, at that time four biomass installations were foreseen to be built. The main characteristics of these installations and of others found in the province are shown in the table at the right. Even though this table is useful to have an overview of the main characteristics of the installations in the province of Padova, the list is likely to be incomplete.

Legambiente has produced maps showing the distribution of those municipalities that host at least one biomass installation. An example is the map showing the municipalities that host at least one installation using solid biomass (Legambiente 2012).

Figure 16: Map with the diffusion of biomass installations in italian municipalities (taken from Legambiente 2012).

Table 9: Biomass installations and their characteristics. Municipality General Power Source Fuel Supplied Total characteristics (installed used/year energy costs capacity) * District heating used 0.58 MW Woodchips of poplar by the schools from local SRF Praglia* Heating of 40,000 0.54 MW Woodchips 360 t 1,000,00 250,00 m3 (w=35%) 0 kWh/y 0 euros * Heating of rural 0.055-0.065 Self produced 27.5 t buildings and of the MW woodchips outlet factory Levada- Heating for the 0.045 MW Self produced 32.5 t * agritourism and for woodchips external network * Energy used for the 5.9 MW Biogas (5%) and waste 20,000 t

distillation process from the distillation processes of vinasses (90%) District heating (for public and private buildings) di 1 MW Poplar woodchips Brenta Conselve Cogeneration 2X2 MWe Vegetable oil Monselice 1.8 MW Monselice 5.9 MW Cona 0.06 MW 0.491 MW 0.018 MW Thermal energy 0.54 MW Woodchips (u%= 35- 360 t 40) Padova 0.3 MW * Information from Probio biogas project (refers to year 2008).

Biomass production thermal/electrical In 2011 the Veneto region produced a total of 703.1 GWh electrical energy from biomass. This electrical energy is compounded by solid biomass with 310.4 GWh (urban waste with 134.3 GWh and others with 176.1 GWh), biogas with 343.2 GWh and bioliquids with 49.5 GWh. In the province of Padova a total of 184.1 GWh has been produced in the same year, of which: 7.5 GWh by other solid biomass, 57.7 GWh by biodegradable urban wastes, 122.6 GWh by biogas and 2.7 GWh by bioliquids.

No information is available for thermal energy production at region and province scale and, in general, no further information is available for single municipalities.

Energetic technical potential (TJ/year) per source of biomass Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

For the Veneto region, energetic technical potential values are taken from ENEA and are presented in the table hereafter.

Data on the energetic technical potential for the province of Padova is not available; however, to give an indication of the potential available quantitative information for certain biomass sources can be used. Similarly certain quantitative information is available for the case study municipalities (from Probio Biogas project). These are given in the table at the side.

Table 10: Energetic technical potential for the Veneto region (adapted from Motola et al. 2009). Sources Energetic technical potential (TJ/year) Straw 27987.9 Prunings 6653.2 Pomace and vinasse 1738.4 Forests 1649.2 Biogas from organic fraction of urban solid waste 1804.1 Biogas from sewage 3567.6 Biogas from slaughter waste 4.2

Table 11: Quantitative data on potential biomass sources. Sector Sources/Activities Battaglia Terme Galzignano Terme Padova province Agricultural Oil crops 93.72 17.31 24,539.75 productions (t/y)* Protein crops 61.11 Cereal crops 797.89 145.63 845,669.45 Forage crop 379.97 4.49 319,070.26

Industrial crops 18.94 0 845,821.08 Total 138.55 167.43 2,035,161.65 Zootechnical waste Manure 25.68 252.57 931,737.75 (t/y)* Sewage 222.94 421.97 1,132,004.92 Total 248.62 674.54 2,063,742.67 Agro-industrial waste Sewage sludge 0 21,652.26 (t/y)* Waste unusable for 0 5.34 2,332.62 consumption Not specified waste 0 0 2,356.96 Waste water sludge 0 0 3,644.51 Other wastes 0 0 15,861.34 Extra MUD waste and by- 0 0 46,776.09 products Total 0 5.34 92,623.78 Organic fraction of 347.23 473.98 61,956.82 urban solid waste (t/y)* Green waste (t/y)* 293.47 191.97 48,647.13 Forestry (t/y)** 1,615 Agriculture residues Straw 369,683 (t/y)** Prunings 29,265 Vinasse 5,460 Pomace 74 Total 404,481 Energy crops Arundo 22.9 (t/ha/y)** Miscanthus 18.3 Switchgrass 13.7 Thistle 7.4 Sorghum 18.5 Farming residues Bovine manure 208,413 (t/y)** Swine manure 12,073 Slaughter waste 13,699 (t/y)** Urban organic waste 123,763 (t/y) ** * Data from Probio Biogas project (refers to year 2004) ** Data taken from ENEA.

Calorific power (Kcal/mc) Hereafter a mean value for biomass is reported.

Table 12: Calorific power of wood (adapted from Ilarioni 2007). Source Calorific power (Kcal/mc) Wood 5.2-10.8* * maximum and minimum superior calorific power (with humidity of 12-15%) considering data for a wide number of species given by Ilarioni (2007). Uses Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

No specific information is available for the two municipalities. Within the province of Padova we can distinguish: - domestic heating; - district heating of public and private buildings; - electrical energy for internal uses; - electric energy for external network.

Biogas energy

Biogas installations and their characteristic parameters Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

In Veneto 78 installations were present in 2011. In 2008 in the province of Padova there were 8 biogas installations. Data available for 2007 reveals a total production in this province of 20,659,000 mc/y. Unfortunately, a complete updated list of the installations located in the province of Padova is not available. However, the main characteristics of these and other installations are summarized in the table at the side. This information highlighted the presence of six installations within 20 km from the case study municipalities.

Map showing the location of the biogas installations (see http://probiogas.venetoagricoltura.org/cartine/PD_Localizzazione%20Impianti%20di%20DA.pdf ).

Figure 17: Distribution of biogas installations in 2008 within the province of Padua (from Probiogas project).

Table 13: Characteristics of the biogas installations located in the province of Padova. Municipality Sector Production type Installed capacity Produced biogas Input System (biogas (kWe) in 2007 (mc/y) utilization process) * Agriculture Cereal/ bovine 70 265,000 Corn silage – Cogeneration farming Bovine slurry Limena* Agriculture Cereal/ bovine 1,000 0 Corn silage – Cogeneration farming Bovine slurry * Industrial Grappa industry 0** 1,100,000 Liquid waste from Thermal energy distillation for the boiler (or hot water heating) Conselve* Industrial Grappa industry 0*** 1,800,000 Liquid waste from Thermal energy distillation for the boiler (or hot water heating) Padova* Industrial Brewery industry 0 1,035,000 Waste water Thermal energy for the steam- boiler Este* Industrial Urban waste 2,484 10,950,000 Liquid fraction of Cogeneration and management the organic transfer to external fraction of solid network urban waste * Industrial Urban waste 1,320 3,500,000 Liquid fraction of Cogeneration and

management the organic transfer to external fraction of solid network urban waste – biological and agro-alimentary sludge * Industrial Urban waste 900 2,009,000 Liquid fraction of Cogeneration and management the organic transfer to external fraction of solid network urban waste – biological sludge Agriculture 625 2,500,000 Corn, triticale and Cogeneration sorghum silage – Swine slurry Agriculture 526 Trebaseleghe Agriculture 526 999 Agriculture 999 * Information from Probio Biogas project. ** It was foreseen that a cogenerator of 625 kWe will operate by the end of 2008. *** It was foreseen the installation of a cogenerator of 1,050 kWe by the end of 2009. Uses Galzignano Terme and Battaglia Terme

In the province of Padova:

- private heating; - electrical energy for internal uses; - electrical energy for external network.

5. References

Buonasorte, G. and Franci, T. (2011). Esplosione di richieste per nuovi permessi di ricerca di risorse geotermiche idonee a produrre energia elettrica in Italia. Unione Geotermica Italiana, pp. 13. Available at: http://www.unionegeotermica.it/pdfiles/permessi.pdf.

GSE (2012). Rapporto Statistico 2011. Impianti a fonti rinnovabili. GSE, pp. 117. Available at http://www.gse.it/it/Dati%20e%20Bilanci/GSE_Documenti/osservatorio%20statistico/Statistiche%20R innovabili%202011.pdf

Ilarioni, L. (2007) Il legno come combustibile: caratteristiche energetiche e di prodotto. Silvae, 7, 203- 214.

Legambiente (2012). Comuni Rinnovabili 2012. Ufficio Energia e Clima di Legambiente, pp. 104.

Motola, V., Colonna, N., Alfano, V., Gaeta, M., Sasso, S., De Luca, V., De Angelis, C., Soda, A. and Braccio, G. (2009). Censimento potenziale energetico biomasse, metodo indagine, atlante Biomasse su WEB-GIS. ENEA, Report RSE/2009/167, pp. 141.

UGI. (2011). Growth forecast of geothermal Energy in Italy by 2030 -For a new Italian geothermal manifesto -. UGI, pp. 12. Available at: http://www.unionegeotermica.it/pdfiles/stime-sommario.pdf.