LABOUR FORCE HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS SURVEY 2018-2019

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Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) 2018-2019 in Baalbek

Suggested citation:

"Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey 2018-2019 in Baalbek", Central Administration of Statistics, 2020

Copyright © Lebanese Republic Central Administration of Statistics 2020 Acknowledgments Acronyms and Abbreviations

This report comes as one of a series of reports launched by the Central Administration of CAS Central Administration of Statistics Statistics, covering the twenty-six of . Producing these reports was a GER The Gross Enrolment Ratio collaborative endeavor between the Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) and the ILO International Labour Organization United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). LFHLCS Labour Force and Households’ Living Conditions Survey NEET Not in Education, Employment or Training Official statistics presented in this report are drawn from the findings of the national Labour NER The Net Enrolment Rate Force and Households Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) that was carried out by CAS NSSF National Social Security Fund between 2018 and 2019 with funding from the Delegation of the European Union to Lebanon and the technical cooperation of the Regional Office for Arab States of the SMAM Singulate Mean Age at Marriage International Labour Organization (ILO). UNDP United Nations Development Programme

CAS acknowledges the professional input and contribution of all the partners, experts, and staff who have been particularly active and supportive along the production process in the elaboration, preparation and drafting of the final series of statistics.

CAS would like to express its sincere appreciation to Celine Moyroud and the UNDP core team for all of their technical and administrative support. Also gratefully acknowledged are the contributions of CAS staff: Haifa Husseini, Mayssaa Daher, Ali Hamieh and Amina Basbouss.

Dr Maral Tutélian - Guidanian

Director General Central Administration of Statistics

Table of Contents List of Figures

About the Survey ...... 1 Figure esidents in aalbe District Statistics ...... 2 Figure Head o household by se I. DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4 Figure arital status aged by se he residents in aalbe ho and ho any are they Figure istribution o riary residences by tye o delling II. HOUSING ...... 6 Figure riary residences by area o residence here do residents in aalbe live Figure riary residences by nuber o roos riary residences by area Ho any roos does a household have Figure ersons er roo ersons er roo Figure riary residences by age o residence re the riary residences old or ne Figure Facilities o ain source o drining ater at the delling Connectivity to inrastructure and utilities Figure Sources o electricity in riary residences Cost associated ith residence Figure Hoe aliances tyes and eans o transortation Hoe aliances and eans o transortation Figure ccess to services ccess to basic services Figure istribution o students by tye o educational institution III. EDUCATION ...... 12 Figure esidents aged by level o education attained and se ross nrolent atio versus et nrolent ate Figure a lliteracy rate by age grou and se aged years Schooling in aalbe Figure b otal illiteracy rate by se aged years

IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ...... 15 Figure Household incoe range ro all sources in the onth receding the Survey in Ho uch do households earn in total thousand L and ho do they erceive their ealth status Figure Sel classiication o ealth o households Health Coverage Figure Health coverage by se V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT ...... 18 Figure esidents aged years by eloyent status and health insurance Labour aret structure coverage ho is loyed Searching or a ob or nactive Fro a ender oint o ie Figure istribution o residents beneiting ro health insurance by source o here do they or insurance and ho any hours er ee Figure Labour orce articiation rate hat tye o obs do they hold and here Figure Labour orce articiation rate aong youth and adults Ho any obs are vulnerable Figure loyenttooulation ratio outh in loyent versus outh ot in ducation loyent or raining Figure loyenttooulation ratio by broad age grous The Team ...... 25 Figure neloyent rate by se Figure neloyent rate aong youth and adults Figure nactivity rate o residents aged years About the Survey Figure conoic activity sector by se his reort coes as one o a series o reorts launched by the Central dinistration o Figure verage usual and actual eely hours o or by se Statistics covering the tentysi districts o Lebanon roducing these reorts as a Figure loyed years and above by eloyent status and se collaborative endeavor beteen the Central dinistration o Statistics CS and the nited ations eveloent rograe Figure ulnerable eloyent icial statistics resented in this reort are dran ro the indings o the national Labour Figure outh in eloyent and rate Force and Households Living Conditions Survey LFHLCS that as carried out by CS beteen and ith unding ro the elegation o the uroean nion to Lebanon and the technical cooeration o the egional ice or rab States o the nternational Labour rganiation L List of Tables he LFHLCS is the irst Lebanese survey to roduce estiates not only at the national and subnational governorate mouhafaza levels but also at the district caza able early eenditures on services or ain dellings in thousand L level Lebanon is coosed o eight governorates called ouhaaa and districts called caa nly the governorates o eirut and ar ere taen as a hole in the survey sale able nrolent by level o education in and ere not subdivided into districts able Forality versus norality in LFHLCS covered all the oulation o Lebanon living in riary residential dellings t as carried out ro ril to arch t did not cover the oulation living in non residential units such as construction and agriculture sites shos stores actories uninished buildings ary barracs reugee cas and adacent gatherings and inoral settleents

ith an unrecedented colete national sale sie o households ore than resonded to the survey roviding a relatively high resonse rate o

hrough uestions organied into odules the LFHLCS uestionnaire gathered etensive data that ere used in the roduction o a broad array o indicators and a cross sectional analysis regarding  he deograhic and social characteristics o households and the individuals living in the on a regular basis ore than si onths in a year including inoration on education health social security and others  he labour orce situation and the econoic activity o all active individuals in the household  he characteristics o the household and the conditions o the dellings and the available aenities

he concets deinitions and ethodologies that ere used in the survey ere designed according to the latest international survey statistical standards esecially those in line ith the th CLS esolution concerning statistics o or eloyent and labour underutiliation.2

For ore inoration about the LFHLCS reer to the ain survey reort available at httcasgovlbindehcoonentcontentarticleid Source L Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 2013.

Page 1 District Statistics

he district statistics reresent an invaluable source o udated inoration and analysis o the revailing social and econoic conditions in each district hey are ade available to the district authorities and leadershi including the ia Caa overnor the istrict nions o unicialities and a range o other governent and nongovernent district lanners olicy aers and users he district statistics also ai at inoring aroriate and evidencebased develoent olicies and rograes at the district level

his reort resents data ertaining to the district o aalbe hich is situated in the overnorate o aalbeHerel

t consists o ive chaters highlighting the olloing asects

eograhics BAALBEK BAALBEK- HERMEL Housing

ducation

Social and conoic acground

Labour Force and loyent

herever ossible and statistically signiicant the indicators resented at the district level are coared to the national values or the urose o contetualiation and coarison

Page 2 Page 3 Figure 3: Marital status (aged 15+) by sex I. DEMOGRAPHICS that they were “married” in 2018– The residents in Baalbek: who and how many are they? “never married”. The he survey results sho that in – the old reresented er cent o the total caa o aalbe hosted er cent o hereas those aged beteen and residents o Lebanon ith around years old reresented er cent he residents er cent o the residents reaining er cent ere the older ere eales and er cent ales residents years old Figure 1 (Figure 3) er cent o the residents in aalbe n – the age deendency ratio or ere ound in the age grou – years aalbe as er cent coared to he younger residents o less than years er cent at the national level

Figure 1: Residents in Baalbek 2018-2019

ale Feale

Age Group

he Survey results shoed that ales Figure 2: Head of household by sex

redoinated as heads o household t as

estiated that er cent o households ere headed by a an coared to en oen er cent nationally hile er cent o households ere headed by a oan relatively to er cent in Lebanon 85.7% 14.3% (Figure 2)

ge deendency ratio is the nuber o deendents aged years and those aged coared to the total oulation aged years hich is the oring age oulation t describes the degree to hich the econoically nonroductive oulation is deendent on the oringage oulation he higher the ratio the greater the econoic burden

Page 4 Page 5 Baalbek district

II. HOUSING How many rooms does a household have?

Where do residents in Baalbek live? 0. er ent the rimary reidene in aartment at the aa eve i nideray (Figure 6) aae are aartment wherea 8. er wer than that at the natina eve ent are indeendent he r via. t i hwever that the indeendent he r wrth ntin that the erentae via i at eat three time hiher. (Figure 4) Figure 6: Primary residences by number of rooms (%)

Figure 4: Distribution of primary residences by type of dwelling Baalbek Lebanon 2. 0. 12.2

8.

0. Persons per room

8. artment ndeendent he r via ther Primary residences by area (m2)

The aret hare . er ent rimary 1. er ent at the eve the ntry. reidene in aae wa etween 80 and are reidene 10 m2 and ver (Figure 7) 10 are meter mared t 8. er mried 8. er ent the tta

ent at the natina eve. ma reidene mared t . er ent natinay. Figure 7: Persons per room (%) e than 80 m2 were the eat mmn – (Figure 5) 1. er ent the dwein mared t Baalbek Lebanon

Figure 5: Primary residences by area of residence (%) 1. e than 80 m2 1. 80 t e than 10 m2 . 8. 8. 10 m2 and mre .

aae eann ≥2

Page 6 Page 7 Are the primary residences old or new? Cost associated with residence

Figure 8: Primary residences by age of residence (Table 1) (Figure 8)

Table 1: Yearly expenditures on services for main dwellings (in thousand LBP) Connectivity to infrastructure and utilities Baalbek Lebanon Services Mean Median Mean Median (Figure 9) Figure 9: Facilities of main source of drinking water at the dwelling (%)

Total yearly Expenses on 2,567 2,315 3,308 2,940 services

Home appliances and means of transportation (Figure 10) Figure 10: Sources of electricity in primary residences (Figure 11)

Per cent

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Figure 11: Home appliances types and means of transportation (%) Figure 12: Access to services (%)

Note: The internet does not include Cable/ADSL/3G or 4G.

Access to basic services

(Figure 12)

Page 10 Page 11 Baalbek district Schooling in Baalbek

III. EDUCATION Figure 13: Distribution of students by type Gross Enrolment Ratio versus Net Enrolment Rate of educational institution (Figure 13) (Table 2)

Table 2: Enrolment by level of education (in %) Baalbek Lebanon Level of education Gross Net Gross Net – Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment (Figure 14) Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio

Elementary level Figure 14: Residents (aged 3+) by level of education attained and sex (%) Intermediate level Secondary level Note: These results exclude domestic workers The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)

The Net Enrolment Rate (NER) *Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (Figure 15a)

Page 12 Page 13 Baalbek district

Figure 15a: Illiteracy rate by age group and sex (aged 10 years +) IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND How much do households earn in total?

Per cent (Figure 15b) (Figure 16) Figure 15b: Total illiteracy rate by sex (aged 10 years +)

Figure 16: Household income range from all sources in the month preceding the Survey in thousand LBP (%) Per cent

... and how do they perceive their wealth status?

“average or average to poor”, those who considered themselves “wealthy off” was “average or average to poor” was (Figure 17)

Page 14 Page 15 Figure 17: Self classification of wealth of households Figure 19: Residents (aged 15 years +) by employment status and health insurance coverage (%)

Baalbek Lebanon

mployed nemployed tside laor force otal

aale eanon he main sorce of health coverage in the main sorce of health coverage was the aale was the eanese rmy and the which covered almost half of the nternal ecrity orces, which covered poplation per cent he coverage of ealthy or financially welloff verage or average to poor oor or very poor per cent of the insred poplation, followed the lic ervants ooperation was slightly y the ational ocial ecrity nd greater in aale per cent than in the per cent nterestingly, the whole of eanon per cent, whereas Health Coverage5 distrition of residents y sorce of private insrance was significantly less insrance in aale differed from the one common per cent in aale compared nly per cent of the total residents in national level, the reslts show a relatively oserved in the whole of eanon, where to per cent in eanon (Figure 20) aale were covered y at least one type higher health coverage for oth women of health insrance a slightly higher health per cent and men per cent Figure 20: Distribution of residents benefiting from health insurance coverage was fond for women per (Figure 18) by source of insurance cent than for men per cent t the Baalbek Lebanon Figure 18: Health coverage by sex (%) omen en otal aale eanon n aale, nearly half of the residents aged laor force who were covered in aale years and aove had a health coverage per cent, per cent and per per cent, whereas nationally, the cent respectively were all less than those ational ocial ecrity nd proportion of the insred poplation in the oserved at the national level t is worth lic ervants ooperation same age grop was slightly higher per noting that nemployed residents were the rmy and the nternal ecrity orces cent he proportions of employed, least covered in the district (Figure 19) rivate insrance nemployed and residents otside the ther

n this section, all the figres eclde the domestic worers nclding acltative nd

Page 16 Page 17 Baalbek district Figure 21: Labour force participation rate (%) V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT Labour market structure omen Men ota

mong the estimated , individals laor force, either employed , or aae eanon aged years old and aove living in nemployed , he remaining , he share o the adt aor orce (e the compared to per cent in aae and primary residential dwellings in aale in individals were otside the laor force nempoed or in wor eceeded that o per cent compared to per cent at –, aot , people were in the the oth and mared per cent the nationa ee (Figure 22)

Working age population(15 years+) Figure 22: Labour force participation rate among youth and adults (%) a

oth ( ears dts ( ears

Labour Force Persons outside the aae eanon a labour force a he empomenttopopation ratio in men aged ears and aoe in aae

aae ( per cent was ower than that o maring a gender gap o percentage the contr ( per cent here were point dierence n eanon a arter o some notae gender disparities in the women ( per cent and more than a ha Persons in employment Persons in unemployment empomenttopopation ratio at oth the o men ( per cent o men were a a district and contr ees he empoed with a gender gap o empomenttopopation ratio reached percentagepoint dierence (Figure 23) per cent or women and per cent or

Note: Due to rounding, numbers presented may not add up precisely to the totals. Figure 23: Employment-to-population ratio (%)

Who is Employed, Searching for a job or Inactive - From a Gender Point of View

otal laor participation rate in aale higher compared to women’s ( per cent omen Men ota omen Men ota was per cent, which was lower than the in aale and per cent in eanon at aae eanon national rate of percent ender oth the district and national levels, with a disparity was high at the district level, still notale gender gap reaching differences of he comparison o the rests road age these ratios were ower than those mared more accentated than the national level percentage points and percentage grops shows that the oth empoment at the nationa ee n aae the gap Men’s participation rates ( per cent in points respectively (Figure 21) topopation ratio in aae ( per etween the two age grops mared a aale and per cent in eanon were cent was remara ower than that o the dierence o percentage points adts ( per cent t is worth noting that (Figure 24)

aor orce articipation ate Persons in Employment+Persons in Unemployment n this rief, the gender gap is calclatedWorking y stracting−age Population the female (15+years rate old from) the∗ 100 male rate

Page 18 Page 19 Figure 24: Employment-to-population ratio by broad age groups (%) he inactiit rate which represents the per cent o women and per cent o proportion o the persons considered men were inactie at the caa ee inactie neither working nor looking for any compared to per cent o women and job in the tota popation aged ears per cent o men at the nationa ee and aoe in aae ( per cent (Figure 27) oth ( ears dts ( ears eceeded that o eanon ( per cent aae eanon Figure 27: Inactivity rate of residents aged 15 years + (%) he nempoment rate in aae ( men and per cent or women n other per cent was near ea to that o words the gender gap in the nempoment eanon ( per cent ierences at the rate was higher in aae ( percentage contr ee were osered etween men point dierence than in eanon as a whoe ( per cent and women ( per cent et ( percentagepoint dierence omen Men ota the gap was arger in aae where the (Figure 25) nempoment rate was per cent or aae eanon

Where do they work? Figure 25: Unemployment rate by sex (%)

he erices sector was the argest were empoed in indstr in aae empoment sector or women and men compared to per cent o woring men with respectie per cent and per and per cent o woring women in the cent in aae compared to per cent whoe o eanon ompared with the omen Men ota omen Men ota and per cent in eanon n this sector nationa ee empoment in agrictre in aae eanon women srpassed men percentage aae was greater percentage points at the caa ee t was particar points or woring men and nempoment was ess preaent among per cent respectie in eanon as a whoe noticeae that per cent o woring percentage points or woring women adts than among oth at oth the district he gap etween the oth and the adts men and per cent o woring women (Figure 28) and contr ees with a rate reaching nempoment rate reached percentage per cent and per cent respectie in points in aae and percentage Figure 28: Economic activity sector by sex (%) aae compared to per cent and points in eanon as a whoe (Figure 26)

Figure 26: Unemployment rate among youth and adults (%)

oth ( ears dts ( ears aae eanon omen Men omen Men aae eanon

grictre ndstr erices

nempoment rate Persons in Unemployment (aged 15 years and above) Labour Force (aged 15 years and above) ∗ 100

Page 20 Page 21 ... and how many hours per week omens share in employment as lo yet ent a proportion slihtly hiher than the more prealent for pai employment than national leel per ent itionally employeronaont orer he mens share in pai employment as hiher Men in empoment were reported to e hors or oth sees de to temporar majority of employers or onaont in aalbe than in ebanon per ent woring onger paid hors than women he asences sch as acation anna eae orers in aalbe ere men per an per ent respetiely (Figure 30) aerage nmer o acta paid wee hors etc n eanon as a whoe the acta was or men and or women nmer o hors o wor was per cent or rthermore the acta nmer o hors o men and per cent or women wor was sight eow the sa nmer o (Figure 29) Figure 30: Employed (15 years and above) by employment status and sex (%)

Figure 29: Average usual and actual weekly hours of work by sex omen

aalbe en

Number of omen Men

hours per per week hours sa hors cta hors Note: Excludes domestic workers omen What type of jobs do they hold and where? ebanon en ccording to the the concept o per cent a rest that was ond to e cose “informal employment” refers to jobs that to the nationa ee ( per cent and mployeronaont orer ai employment do not proide empoees with ega or per cent o the empoed popation socia protection ths eposing them to were woring in the inorma sector t is greater economic riss than other empoed instrctie to note that the atter proportion peope s or concept o the inorma was sight higher compared to the nationa How many jobs are ''vulnerable''? sector it is a sset o nincorporated ee ( per cent n contrar the enterprises not constitted as separate ega proportion o empoed indiidas hoding n aalbe lnerable employment as ompare to the hole of ebanon entities independent o their owners an inorma o in a orma sector was ess reporte to be remarably hiher than that oreoer lnerable employment as preaent in aae ( per cent obsere at the ontry leel per ent almost tie as prealent amon men he rests show that more than ha o the compared to that in the whoe o eanon an per ent respetiely t as also per ent than omen per ent empoed popation in aae hed ( per cent (Table 3) marely hiher for men in aalbe (Figure 31) inorma os at their main occpation (

Table 3: Formality versus Informality (in %) Figure 31: Vulnerable employment (%)

Baalbek Lebanon Type of employment Informal Formal Informal Formal Total Total Sector Sector Sector Sector Informal omen en otal Formal aalbe ebanon Total

Page 22 Page 23 The Team orin to the nternational abor raniation efinition ''Vulnerable Employment''

is the sm of onaont orers an ontribtin family orers in total employment his ateory of orers has a loer lielihoo of hain formal or arranements an is therefore his report ol not hae been possible ithot the joint effort an ooperation of a team more liely to la elements assoiate ith aeate soial serity an a oie at or of eperts orin in the entral ministration of tatistis an the nite ations eelopment roramme he report as prepare ner the oerall iretion an

iane of r aral tlian ianian iretor eneral of the entral ministration Youth in Employment versus Youth Not in Education, Employment or of tatistis an eline oyro esient epresentatie Training (NEET) he ontribtions of the folloin team are rateflly note oth rate Youth not in education, per ent an the oth rate as employment or training rate per per ent oreoer omens Supervision: ent in aalbe as slihtly loer than the rate in aalbe per ent as marely r ranois arah nternational pert on poplation eelopment an soial poliy yoth employmenttopoplation ratio hiher than that of men per ent per ent t the ontry leel the (Figure 32) yoth employmenttopoplation ratio as Report drafting: aifa sseini onomist

Figure 32: Youth in employment and NEET rate (%) Data Preparation and Tabulations: ayssaa aher an li amieh ath tatistiians Report review: ranois arah athar ara ea o ael ayssaa aher mina assboss

omen en otal Table drawing aifa sseini mploymenttooplation atio oth rate mina assboss lia ayye li li hreiss ones ojo ssistant tatistiians

Report Design: ayal ttieh

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